What vitamins do potatoes hide? Do potatoes contain useful properties, and what contraindications does it have? Useful substances in potatoes
A surprisingly versatile product, and this manifests itself not only in cooking. Among the results of potato processing are ethyl alcohol, antimicrobial agents and even fiberboard building boards, which, thanks to potato starch, are environmentally friendly materials.
In the field of medicine, substances from potato tubers are used to develop drugs that slow down the onset of Alzheimer's disease, destroy cancer cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and relieve inflammation. Of separate scientific interest are the beneficial properties of potatoes, previously in demand only in traditional medicine.
Composition and calories
| Main substances (mg/100 g): | raw potatoes | Boiled without peel | Baked in peel | French fries |
| Water | 79,25 | 77,46 | 74,45 | 38,55 |
| Squirrels | 2,05 | 1,71 | 2,63 | 3,43 |
| Fats | 0,09 | 0,10 | 0,13 | 14,73 |
| Carbohydrates | 17,49 | 20,01 | 21,44 | 41,44 |
| Sugar | 0,82 | 0,89 | 1,08 | 0,30 |
| Alimentary fiber | 2,1 | 2 | 2,3 | 3,8 |
| Calories (Kcal) | 77 | 86 | 96 | 312 |
| Minerals | ||||
| Potassium | 425 | 328 | 550 | 579 |
| Phosphorus | 57 | 40 | 71 | 125 |
| Magnesium | 23 | 20 | 30 | 35 |
| Calcium | 12 | 8 | 18 | 18 |
| Sodium | 6 | 241 | 14 | 210 |
| Iron | 0,81 | 0,31 | 1,07 | 0,81 |
| Zinc | 0,30 | 0,27 | 0,35 | 0,50 |
| vitamins | ||||
| Vitamin C | 19,7 | 7,4 | 8,3 | 4,7 |
| Vitamin B9 | 15 | 9 | 26 | 30 |
| Vitamin PP | 1,061 | 1,312 | 1,348 | 3,004 |
| Vitamin B6 | 0,298 | 0,269 | 0,354 | 0,372 |
| Vitamin B1 | 0,081 | 0,098 | 0,067 | 0,170 |
| Vitamin B2 | 0,032 | 0,019 | 0,048 | 0,039 |
| Vitamin E | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0,07 | 1,67 |
As can be seen from the above tables, the most useful potatoes are baked in their skins, which are often called potatoes "in uniforms". It also benefits the use of boiled tubers, but fried potatoes should not be abused, since such heat treatment dramatically increases the content of fat and harmful substances that digestive enzymes do not cope well with.
Medicinal properties
The beneficial effect of potatoes on various processes in the human body is explained by the presence of a large number of useful elements in its composition. Firstly, potatoes are a rich source of ascorbic acid or vitamin C. Although in smaller quantities, they also contain B vitamins. Secondly, due to the high content of starch, potatoes supply a significant amount of carbohydrates to the body and give a person energy and vitality. Thirdly, potato proteins provide the human body with 14 of the 20 essential amino acids.
In addition, in any form and with any heat treatment, potatoes are very rich in potassium. This mineral contributes to the fight against hypertension, as it promotes vasodilation. Potassium also has diuretic properties and is essential for people suffering from gout, acidosis, cystitis, and prostatitis. Promoting the removal of excess fluids from the body, potassium thereby helps it maintain a normal metabolism.
Vitamin C, which is so rich in potatoes, is a powerful antioxidant that takes part in the neutralization of free radicals in the human body and thereby helps prevent the destruction of cells and connective tissues. It promotes the production of collagen and aids in the absorption of iron. Together with vitamin B, as well as magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and zinc, vitamin C has a positive effect on skin condition and relieves pain from minor burns.
Vitamin B6, combining with various enzymes, plays an important role in the processing of proteins and carbohydrates, and also takes part in the process of fat metabolism. In addition, B6 promotes the synthesis of hemoglobin and, in general, improves hematopoiesis. Vitamin B9 (folic acid), in turn, is of great importance for DNA synthesis and red blood cell regeneration. Its presence in the body is especially important for women during pregnancy, since B9 is involved in regulating the formation of structures of the fetal nervous system.
The presence of coarse dietary fiber in potatoes, in particular fiber, has a positive effect on cholesterol levels and helps prevent clogging of the arteries. Also, fiber helps to normalize the stool with constipation. True, it must be borne in mind that the bulk of dietary fiber, however, like other useful elements, is located in the potato peel or directly under it.
In traditional medicine
In traditional medicine, potato tubers themselves are not used directly, but products obtained during their processing, as well as leaves, flowers and fruits of the potato bush are used. For example, potato starch is commonly found in powders and ointments prescribed for various skin conditions. It is also used as a binder in the manufacture of tablets. In addition, high-quality ethyl alcohol is obtained from potato starch.
The entire upper part (stems, leaves, flowers, fruits) of the potato bush contains glycoalkaloid solanine, toxic to humans and animals. However, scientific studies have shown that in small doses and in combination with other components, solanine can be useful. For example, it is used as a raw material for the synthesis of hormones in the pharmaceutical industry.
In folk medicine
Unlike traditional medicine, in folk recipes, the range of uses for potatoes is much wider. Potatoes are used to treat colds, ulcers, cardiovascular diseases, get rid of allergic reactions, and some even claim the effectiveness of potatoes in the fight against cancer. However, before starting treatment with potatoes, you should consult a doctor, since improper or untimely use of potatoes can only aggravate the situation.
Potato juice is believed to be effective in fighting stomach ulcers and gastritis. It also normalizes the digestion process and relieves heartburn. The positive effect is mainly due to the presence of starch in the composition of the tubers - a good enveloping agent. In addition, juice is indicated for diabetics (mild to moderate diabetes), as it normalizes carbohydrate metabolism. Potato juice also helps to cleanse the body of toxic elements and toxins. For such purposes, it is often mixed with celery or carrot juice.
Before starting juice therapy, it is advised to exclude meat, fish, spices and spices from the diet for several days, replacing them with products of plant origin. This will help prepare the body for the intake of raw potato juice.
Usually, in case of violations of the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to drink one glass of juice after waking up on an empty stomach, then go to bed for another half an hour, and after another half an hour you can have breakfast. A ten-day course of treatment with juice should be replaced by a ten-day break. Then the course can be repeated again. For heart problems, it is advised to drink 100 ml of juice three times a day before meals. The course lasts three weeks, after which one week break is needed.
For the preparation of potato juice, you need to choose unsprouted healthy tubers. It is important that the peel does not have a greenish tint, which indicates the presence of a toxic substance in the tuber. It is also not recommended to squeeze the juice from February until the new potato crop, since solanine accumulates in it and the amount of useful elements decreases.
The selected potatoes must be washed, wiped and passed through a juicer. An alternative way is to rub the potatoes on a grater or pass through a meat grinder, and then strain through cheesecloth. It is best to drink the prepared juice immediately, because during storage it darkens, becomes reddish, and its vitamin activity is significantly reduced.
Compresses
Potato compresses are used for various purposes. Firstly, it is believed that they help get rid of coughs. The effect is achieved by reducing the swelling of the airways and increasing the expectoration of mucus by warming the chest. To prepare a compress, you need to wash and boil 3-5 tubers in a peel. Then mash the potatoes, put them in gauze and apply to the back and chest of the patient, wrapping him in a towel for 45-60 minutes. The procedure can not be performed on children under 4-5 years old. Also, the compress is contraindicated if the patient has a fever.
Secondly, potato compresses are recommended for joint pain. 200-300 g of raw potatoes must be grated and mixed with the same amount of grated horseradish roots. The resulting mass must be applied to the legs, covering with a cellophane film and insulating with a woolen cloth. Usually such a compress is done at night.
Thirdly, potato compresses can be useful if you have dark circles and “bags” under the eyes due to fatigue and lack of sleep. To prepare a compress, you need to wash and grate one potato on a fine grater. Then divide the resulting mass in half, wrap both parts in gauze and apply to the eyes for 10 minutes.
Inhalations
In acute respiratory diseases, which are accompanied by a cough, it is recommended to do inhalation over potatoes. Potatoes are boiled without salt in a small amount of water. A towel is thrown over the head and the steam is breathed for 5-10 minutes.
In potato broth, there are many vitamins and minerals that tubers are rich in. Traditional healers claim that it can be used to relieve swelling and improve heart function. It is recommended to cook potatoes in their skins and without salt. Drink a warm decoction three times a week. It is also believed that potato broth baths are good for the skin of the hands, as they make it soft and promote the healing of minor wounds.
Tinctures
In folk medicine, in addition to the tubers themselves, potato flowers are also used, from which tinctures are prepared. They are considered effective in the fight against fungi. According to the recipe, a small amount of flowers (about 1 tablespoon) is poured into 250 ml of boiling water and infused for 3-4 hours in a thermos. This tincture is stored in the refrigerator for no more than two days. For longer storage (within two weeks), the resulting tincture must be mixed with 30 ml of alcohol or vodka.
Some traditional healers use tinctures from the flowers to treat cancerous tumors. According to the recipe, 1 tablespoon of flowers should be poured with two glasses of boiling water, and then infused for about 30 minutes. After that, leave for about 3 hours in a sealed container in the oven. The resulting liquid must be drunk three times a day, 100 ml. The course of treatment is 3 weeks. However, such treatment must be used very carefully, since the concentration of alkaloids in the flowers of the plant is much higher than in the tubers.
in oriental medicine
In the classical oriental treatises on medicine, there was no mention of potatoes, because at the time of their writing, potatoes were not yet known in those parts. However, for example, in modern Tibetan medicine, it is believed that this vegetable benefits the nervous system (the Rlung system in terms of Tibetan medicine), which regulates all processes in the body.
The gradual depletion of the Rlung system leads to aging of the body, and the use of potatoes helps to maintain and strengthen this system, slowing down aging. Potatoes also have antidepressant properties and help the body recover from stress. In addition, it is considered a prophylactic against insomnia. Moreover, potatoes have a positive effect on the work of the cardiovascular and digestive systems.
Potatoes are often excluded from the number of healthy vegetables, since oriental medicine classifies them as “cooling” foods, that is, those that slow down metabolism. In fact, it is easy to compensate for this by adding "warming" salt, black and red pepper, garlic, dill or ghee to the potatoes.
In Tibetan medicine, it is believed that "disease enters and exits the body through the skin." The "exit" of the disease is usually accompanied by skin inflammation, which thinly sliced \u200b\u200bpotatoes can cope with. Applying raw potatoes is also advised in case of first and second degree burns.
In scientific research
Potato has long been and does not cease to be the object of scientific research in various areas. Such interest is explained by the fact that potatoes are a product that can provide millions of people with food and a complex set of useful elements at a minimal price. Researchers are studying ways to improve the methods of planting, growing, harvesting and storing potatoes, developing methods for selecting potatoes for certain modes of growing them, and selecting environmentally friendly technologies for protection against harmful organisms and pathogens.
In addition, potatoes are actively researched in medicine. Experiments on pigs have shown that raw or cooked potatoes, eaten cold, have beneficial effects on the intestines and strengthen the immune system. Also, American scientists have developed a variety of "golden" potatoes, which contains more vitamins and minerals. So, it provides almost 42% of the daily value of vitamin A and 34% of vitamin E for a child. This variety is planned to be brought to developing countries, where people suffer from a lack of wholesome and healthy food.
The researchers also concluded that the virus that most commonly infects potato plants is very similar to one of the proteins that cause Alzheimer's disease. Now they are using this similarity to create antibodies that would help at least slow down the onset of the disease. Americans also believe that purple potatoes help kill cancer stem cells in the colon. Experiments on mice have shown that the flesh of the baked purple potato removes inflammation and inhibits the growth of tumors.
From the waste that is generated during the processing of potatoes, ethyl alcohol is obtained, but Russian scientists talk about the possibility of obtaining other high-quality antimicrobial agents. Finally, in Britain, potato starch has been used to produce biodegradable medium-density fibreboard (MDF), which is highly sustainable.
In dietetics
Despite the fact that the potato occupies a leading position among the most high-calorie vegetables, it is unfairly considered a forbidden product for people who follow their figure. Scientists from the US National Nutrition Center conducted a study and found that due to the large amount of potassium in its composition, the potato helps to remove excess fluids from the body and thus can even lead to the loss of extra pounds.
Overweight problems arise only if potatoes are eaten fried or seasoned with fatty sauces. Boiled, stewed or baked, potatoes can even become the basis of an unloading diet if, instead of fish and meat, they are consumed with other vegetables and spices.
Due to the fact that potatoes have good taste and high nutritional value, rich in vitamins and minerals, easy to digest, they are widely used in baby and diet food. Potatoes are usually recommended for patients with chronic renal failure, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and gastrointestinal diseases. However, potatoes are not advised to people suffering from severe forms of diabetes and obesity.
In cooking
Potato is a versatile vegetable that is used in recipes around the world. Potatoes are an indispensable ingredient in soups and a good side dish. In addition, it is put in salads, pies, meat dishes, pancakes are made on its basis. Cooking potatoes is easy. Both by itself and as part of various dishes, it is most often boiled, stewed or baked in the oven.
In order for the dish to turn out as tasty as possible, you should choose the right potatoes. According to the density of the pulp, it is customary to divide it into 4 types: A, B, C and D. Type A potatoes contain a minimum of starch and are poorly boiled. It is most often used for salads. Type B potatoes are good for making chips, and type C are good for deep frying. Type D is the most mealy variety and is best for casseroles and mashed potatoes.
However, the label is usually only on imported potatoes. In case of its absence, you can navigate by color. Red varieties of potatoes (“red-tamb”, “rozeval”, “sheri”) are characterized by a high content of antioxidants and do not crumble during cooking. Usually such potatoes are well stored in the winter. White varieties (“erow”, “tiras”, “gypsy”) contain a lot of vitamin C and, as a rule, such potatoes boil well. Yellow varieties (symphony, rosalind, adretta) are rich in carotene and retain their shape when cooked.
Combination with other products
According to adherents of a healthy diet, traditional combinations of potatoes with meat, fish or eggs are unacceptable. It is believed that starchy foods do not mix well with animal proteins. So, to digest potatoes, the body secretes alkaline enzymes, which are dissolved by hydrochloric acid, produced by the stomach to process meat. Thus, not fully digested foods enter the intestines, where the fermentation process can begin with the active release of toxins.
A combination of potatoes with vegetable oil, sour cream, cheese, green vegetables, as well as legumes is considered healthy and useful.
Beverages
Drinks made from potatoes have a specific taste, but are considered very beneficial for the body. Raw potato juice and potato broth are recommended to drink as a cure for various diseases. Often beets, celery or carrots are added to potato juice. In addition, a traditional drink is prepared from the tubers - natural live kvass. With the addition of oatmeal from potatoes, you can even make jelly, which is considered a soothing detoxifier.
Dangerous properties of potatoes and contraindications
Despite the exceptional usefulness and importance of potatoes in the diet, it can be consumed only with some reservations:
- only potato tubers should be eaten, since the upper part of the bush (stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) contains the alkaloid solanine, which can cause poisoning of the body;
- green and sprouted potatoes should also not be eaten due to their toxicity;
- juice from raw potatoes can be prepared up to a maximum of February, since after that solanine begins to accumulate in the tubers themselves and in their peel;
- during the preparation of potatoes at a temperature of 120 degrees and above, the amino acid asparagine contained in its composition is transformed into a carcinogenic substance acrylamide, therefore, any other method of heat treatment, except for frying, is preferable;
- potatoes are not recommended for obese people;
- potatoes should be used with caution in patients with severe diabetes.
We have collected the most important points about the benefits and possible harms of potatoes in this illustration and we will be very grateful if you share the picture on social networks, with a link to our page:
After entering Europe, potatoes did not immediately gain popularity among peasants. For a long time they were suspicious of this plant, because they considered it poisonous. According to legend, in order to convince his subjects, the King of Prussia, Frederick the Great, ordered to plant potatoes near his castle and posted a day guard next to it. Thinking that the soldiers were guarding something valuable, the peasants made their way to the castle at night and robbed the plantations. This "advertising" stunt contributed to the spread of potatoes among the locals.
In France, potatoes played the role of an ornamental plant for a long time and grew exclusively in botanical gardens. Ladies of high society wove potato flowers into their hair, and men wore them in boutonnieres. An attempt by royalty to introduce the plant into agricultural life turned out to be a failure. Only in the 18th century did the agronomist and pharmacist Antoine Parmentier succeed in gradually overcoming the resistance of the people. He promoted the potato by hosting dinner parties where he served potato dishes to guests. Thus, it was he who managed to initiate the cultivation of potatoes as a vegetable crop.
In Russia, the people also met the emergence of a new culture with apprehension and distrust. Potatoes were called "devil's apple" and "the fruit of harlots", and the preachers of the Old Believers simply forbade growing this plant. However, the authorities resorted to violent measures and forced the peasants to plant a "suspicious" vegetable. As a result, in the middle of the 19th century, mass popular uprisings, called "potato riots", swept across the country.
Interestingly, just 50 years after the Russian "potato riots", in the era of the gold rush, in Alaska, potatoes were valued by gold prospectors for their weight in gold. And all because potato tubers have a high nutritional value and are rich in vitamin C, which helped gold miners fight scurvy and other diseases.
They also knew a lot about potatoes in Ireland, where this root crop became the staple food of peasants back in the 18th century. Moreover, the population of the country was so dependent on this cheap vegetable that a crop failure caused by a disease imported from America led to a real disaster. Ireland was gripped by the Great Potato Famine, which led to the death of one million people. About one million more people left the country to escape the lack of food.
Perhaps that is why the saying appeared in Ireland "potatoes and marriage are two too serious things to joke with." They also love potatoes in Germany, where there is an analogue of the Russian proverb “fools are lucky”. The Germans usually say "the most stupid peasants have the biggest potatoes." And in Russian there is a saying “a table without potatoes is like a party without an accordion”.
They sang and perpetuated potatoes not only in folk art. For example, many painters depicted flowering potato fields in their paintings, the process of planting and harvesting potatoes, and even the process of eating them. Even Vincent van Gogh did not bypass this topic, who had a whole series of paintings: "Potato Eaters", "Woman Digging Potatoes" and "Basket of Potatoes".
In addition, they composed poems and wrote songs about potatoes. For example, in the film "Breakfast on the Grass" the song "Potato" sounds (music by V. Shainsky, lyrics by M. Lvovsky), and Vladimir Vysotsky performed his own song "Comrade Scientists". In turn, the poet Ivan Demyanov wrote a children's poem about potatoes:
That my palms are black
Nobody scolds me.
Potatoes with grandma
We planted at the wattle fence!
Soon here on the soft slopes
Where he warmed the sides of the barn,
Lots of green bows
May will tie up on the ridge.
After yellow, white, blue
The lights are on -
They will be so beautiful
Our beds by the river!
Let my palms be dirty
I'm used to working...
And there is no tastier potato
What will you plant in the garden yourself!
The importance of the potato in our life is best evidenced by the numerous museums and festivals dedicated to it. May 30th is World Potato Day. Also around the world, people show love for this vegetable by erecting monuments to it:
What's more, in 1995, the potato became the first vegetable to be grown in zero gravity, on the Columbia spacecraft. But breeders are not sitting idle on the ground either. They managed to develop a soft and very tender potato variety called "La Bonnotte". Although, according to legend, this potato was bred by the supreme god of the Incas. La Bonnotte is planted and harvested exclusively by hand and no more than 100 tons per year. And the price for one kilogram of such a delicacy reaches 500 euros.
Botanical description
From a botanical point of view, the potato is a perennial tuberous plant of the nightshade family. But in everyday life, the potato is often referred to as the "second bread" because, along with wheat, rice, corn and sugarcane, it is one of the five most important crops in the world.
Story
The history of the potato has more than one millennium, and scientists believe that for the first time wild species of this plant began to be eaten as early as the 5th century BC. ancient Indians who lived in South America. It is not known for certain when and how the potato left its homeland, but it is believed that it came to Europe through the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles in the middle of the 16th century.
In Spain, and especially in Ireland, potatoes quickly became a solid staple of the diet of the locals, however, in the rest of Europe they were not very popular and for a long time were considered the creation of the hands of the devil. Nevertheless, information about the true value of potatoes nevertheless spread over time throughout the Old World and, contrary to initial mistrust, they began to grow and use it in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and other European countries.
The first to describe the potato at the end of the 16th century and give it the modern scientific name Solanum tuberosum (Latin tuberous nightshade) was the Swiss botanist Kaspar Baugin. As for the everyday name of the potato, it varies depending on the country. So, for example, the Russian name "potato" comes from the German word "kartoffel", which in turn was borrowed from the Italian language. In Italy, potatoes were called "tartufoli" by analogy with truffles (it. tartufo), since its tubers, like truffle tubers, are located underground.
The English name "potato" comes from the Spanish word "patata". The Spaniards, in turn, adopted the name from the Indians, combining their words "papa" (potato) and "batata" (sweet potato). In France, potatoes are still called "pomme de terre" (fr. earthen apple).
Varieties
Given that the potato is an unpretentious plant, it can be grown on a wide variety of soils, regardless of the characteristics of climatic conditions and temperature fluctuations. That is why this crop is cultivated in more than a hundred countries of the world with a temperate, subtropical and tropical climate. However, to obtain a quality crop, you need to know which variety is suitable for the soil and weather conditions of a particular area.
There are a huge number of varieties of potatoes (about 4000), ranging from various wild species in South America to species carefully bred by breeders. Usually, varieties are divided into categories depending on the ripening time: 70-80 days (early ripening), 90-120 days (mid-ripening), 140-150 days (late-ripening).
In addition to well-known varieties such as Adretta, Riviera, American or Granada, which correspond to the traditional ideas about the appearance of potatoes (brown skin and light yellowish flesh), there are also very unusual varieties with colored flesh or variegated external color. For example, Vitelotte potatoes have deep purple flesh, while All Blue potatoes have both skin and flesh that are blue. The Bikini variety has an unusual red-yellow skin, the Christina tubers have a dark red skin, and the Shetland potato is black on the outside.
Growing features
Potato is considered a perennial plant and in its homeland, in South America, it is often found in the wild. However, in Europe it is grown as an annual plant. Depending on the variety, a potato bush can reach 30 to 150 cm in height and have 4 to 8 stems. The color of the leaves varies from light green to dark green with a brown tint. At the tips of the stems, small inflorescences of white, pink or lilac usually appear, depending on the variety.
Closer to autumn, fruits form on the bush - small fleshy berries of green-white color. The tops and berries contain the poisonous substance solanine, which protects the plant from harmful bacteria and insects. The tubers used for food are located underground. On the outer part of the potato there are so-called eyes (from 3 to 15 buds on one tuber), which subsequently develop into young shoots. Potatoes can be grown in any open field, in greenhouses and even in pots.
The planting time of this plant depends on the timing of the maturation of the tubers. Early varieties are usually planted when the soil warms up to 10°C, although some gardeners choose lunar days for planting potatoes. However, the preparation of planting material begins 30-40 days before disembarkation. Tubers the size of a chicken egg, selected in the fall, are scattered on the floor or laid out in one layer in boxes and stored at a temperature of 12-15 ° C, always in the light and at high humidity.
The planting of potatoes itself can be carried out in different ways, depending on the density of the soil. In hot climates and light loose soil, pits are made for potatoes, while in humid climates in damp soil, ridges are cut under the potatoes, raising the planting above ground level. Sometimes seed propagation is used. To do this, take seeds from ripe potato fruits and plant them in boxes, leaving them in a lighted place. Seedlings 13-15 cm high are transplanted in early May.
Growing potatoes is certainly accompanied by pest control. The Colorado potato beetle and wireworm are a real scourge for potato plantations. Larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle eat both the leaves of the potato bush and the tubers themselves. As for the wireworm, the danger is only the larva of this insect, which gnaws through the roots and tubers, which leads to the withering and decay of the plant. To get rid of these pests, you have to use chemicals.
Selection and storage
You should not take a green or already sprouted potato, it contains alkaloids that can provoke poisoning. Small holes, deep grooves and brown spots indicate that the potato has been exposed to pests. High-quality potatoes should be firm and resilient without external damage and defects. If the potato gives in to the pressure of the nail and liquid begins to ooze from it, it is most likely that nitrates were used during cultivation. And when you pierce the skin of a good, pesticide-free potato with your fingernail, you will hear a crisp crispy sound.
If you need to choose potatoes for storage for the winter, then varieties of medium and late ripening are suitable. It is also worth paying attention to the size of the root crop. Medium and small tubers contain more nutrients. In addition, the maturity of the potato depends on the thickness of the peel - the thicker it is, the more mature the potato is considered and the better it should be stored. Cleaned from the ground and dried tubers are best kept at a temperature of 2-7 ° C. Also, potatoes need to be sorted out from time to time, getting rid of rotten root crops in order to avoid the spread of infections.
Sources of information
- Dubrovin Ivan. All about ordinary potatoes. – M.: Eksmo-Press, 1999. – 96 p.
- National Potato Council,
- history of potatoes,
- Warner Bryan. Colorful potatoes may pack powerful cancer prevention punch. Penn State August 26, 2015
- Kulichenko E.O., Andreeva O.A., Lukashuk S.P., Mazurina M.V. Study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of periderm of potato tubers//Pharmacy and Pharmacology No. 4 (11). - Pyatigorsk, 2015,
- New recyclable building material, made partially from potatoes, could help solve waste problem. University of Leicester. October 31, 2013
- Kapitanova E.K. Ode to potatoes//Medical News No. 10. – Minsk, 2015,
- potato history,
- Solomonik T., Sinelnikov S., Lazerson I. European box. Culinary masterpieces of the world. - St. Petersburg: Neva Publishing House, 2006. - 368 p.
- National Nutrient Database,
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The administration is not responsible for attempting to apply any recipe, advice or diet, and also does not guarantee that the information provided will help and will not harm you personally. Be prudent and always consult the appropriate doctor!
Everyone has long been accustomed to such a product as potatoes, it firmly occupies the position of “second bread” and is present in every person. There are many recipes in which potatoes cannot be replaced with another product, which makes them valuable for housewives.
But girls who are on a diet often deny themselves the use of this product. These are, perhaps, all the arguments that were applied to potatoes, which is absolutely not deserved. In fact, a simple potato is by no means simple, but very useful and has many useful properties.
Potatoes contain many vitamins.
Not so long ago, scientists began to study this product and proved that the usual potato, to which everyone is so accustomed, contains a complex of useful vitamins and microelements. If we talk about vitamins, then potatoes contain:
If cooked in this way, potatoes will retain all the beneficial vitamins and minerals, and will contain a large amount of vitamin C, which helps the absorption of iron.
And also it is useful for blood vessels, and, of course, has a protective property against infectious and viral diseases. Do not forget that this vitamin is a powerful antioxidant that prevents premature aging of the body.
Many have heard about the benefits of nuts and, due to the fact that they contain selenium, it is potatoes cooked in their skins that are also rich in this trace element. This is a really useful trace element that stimulates metabolic processes, strengthens the immune system, and has a positive effect on the functioning of the nervous system. This element is necessary for the skin, hair and nails not only for growth, but also for a beautiful appearance.
Boiled
A rather controversial opinion can be caused by boiled potatoes, and all for the reason that it has starch and everyone who follows the figure refuses this dish. But in defense of this cooking method, it can be noted that during the cooking process, most of the starch goes into the water.
You can not underestimate the benefits of starch, which has a beneficial effect on, having an anti-inflammatory, enveloping and softening effect.
Raw
Raw potatoes can activate anti-inflammatory processes.
It’s worth mentioning right away the benefits that the peel can bring, it is considered waste and it is not given due attention.
This is completely wrong, since it is it that contains a large amount of all the vitamins and minerals that the body needs so much. If you want to get all the useful substances from potatoes, it should be consumed baked or cooked in their uniforms.
Also, raw potatoes can activate anti-inflammatory processes. It is often used as compresses in places of bruises and for dermatological diseases. In the case of drinking juice, it is able to relieve and help with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In what cases is the potato contraindicated and can be harmful.
You should not abuse this product, in this case a lot does not mean useful, a sufficient amount that will benefit the body from 200 to 300 grams per day. In cases of diet, it is worth giving up potatoes for dinner, at lunchtime it will only bring benefits.
Everyone knows when potatoes have a greenish color. This suggests that it contains a large amount of solanine and should be discarded. Such a substance is toxic and in large quantities can harm the body.
It is worth limiting yourself in the use of french fries, since in the process of cooking it practically loses its benefits, but it acquires carcinogenic properties that will be harmful. And also fried potatoes should be abandoned for those who have diseases:
- Liver;
- Stomach
- With high cholesterol.
Contraindicated in any form with:
- hypoacid gastritis;
In all cases, you need to observe the measure and remember that potatoes can bring benefits even in small quantities, and improper use can be harmful.
Folk application
Grated potatoes and olive oil will help with any damage.
There are quite a few recipes using potatoes that have medicinal qualities and can help in the recovery of a particular ailment.
But it is always worth remembering that any disease requires a doctor's examination, diagnosis and proper treatment.
You can use these recipes as an auxiliary treatment and it will be right to consult a doctor before use.
You can use raw potatoes, which have a beneficial effect on human skin. For any damage, possible wounds or burns, purulent acne, boils, dermatological diseases, compresses can be used.
You will need to grate the potatoes on a fine grater and add, apply such a gruel to the affected areas. The same compress can be effectively used for arthritis and inflammation of the joints. But in order to even out the skin color and improve the structure, it is enough to wipe the skin with a cut of potatoes.
Quite often, potato juice is used for treatment, which is absolutely justified, since it contains many useful substances. It is able to normalize hemoglobin, improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system, kidney function, and lower blood pressure. It is often used to treat peptic ulcers, at least 500 grams per day, but this requires a doctor's consultation.
Such a healthy drink has anti-inflammatory, tonic, diuretic, analgesic, antimicrobial effects. Also, use cooked baked potatoes, it will help with boils. To do this, you need to cook, then peel and crush a small amount of potatoes. Next, apply the slurry in a warm form to the sore spot for about 15 minutes.
With the same preparation, you can use potatoes for bronchitis. To do this, crush and, like a compress, apply to the chest, in a warm form, you need to keep it until the potatoes cool down. For those who use diets, a decoction of potatoes in their skins is suitable, it burns fat perfectly.
And also, such a decoction will be useful for those who are trying to get out of starvation, it will help to establish the processes of the gastrointestinal tract and contribute to the rapid recovery of strength. Such a decoction is used for heart diseases and hypertension, which is able to normalize and improve work and reduce pressure. A decoction is used when, which allows you to relieve the severe condition of the joints.
If you change the methods of cooking potatoes, this will not only provide the body with useful substances, but also allow you to eat tasty and varied. In addition, you can always find the right recipe using healthy potatoes, which will benefit and contribute to recovery.
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It is not for nothing that for more than 6 centuries, one of the most valuable plants is considered to be potatoes, the beneficial properties of which have been used in folk medicine for many years. It can heal wounds on the body, increase immunity, relieve fever, warm up bronchitis. And what else is the main food of Belarusians capable of?
Useful properties of potatoes and what it treats
Despite the fact that this is one of the most common vegetables in the world and grows (or grew) in everyone's garden, its value is very high. Many people forget that this earthy apple not only tastes good, but also contains more than 20 types of vitamins and even more trace elements. Even its heat capacity is used, not only the composition. Let's take a closer look at what vitamins are in potatoes and how they can help in the treatment and prevention of diseases.
- Anti-infective agent. Tubers contain specific acids that can heal wounds, namely to kill infections and speed up healing, which is why they are applied to cuts or burns. They also increase blood clotting when it comes into contact with potato juice, which helps stop bleeding.
- Excellent remedy for warming up bronchitis. The benefits of potatoes can be not only from its composition, but even from the specific gravity. If you take a large specimen, cook it and cut it in half, it will be an excellent tool for warming up muscle tissues. In our case, a heating pad that can be put on the chest when coughing or bronchitis. The heat lasts for about 15 minutes, which is more than enough to start an expectoration or calm a cough.
- With rheumatism and hypertension. 100 g of potato broth drink 50 g per day. It quickly dilates blood vessels, removes cholesterol, toxins, rejuvenates cells, which, in turn, reduces pressure in the circulatory system, and helps with rheumatism.
- With age visual impairment. 20 g of potato juice before meals 2 times a day will help normalize metabolism and have a beneficial effect on the optic nerve. The elasticity of the lens increases, the retina does not clog, due to which a high reflex ability appears.
- With seasonal beriberi. The lack of carotene, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, folic acid and other components can be compensated by using freshly dug tubers. Vitamins in potatoes are contained in large quantities. Juice is very useful (taken from the stems) for constipation - it normalizes the process of digestion of food and the removal of metabolic products from the body.
- With heartburn. Starch will perfectly seat all the acidity in the stomach, thus heartburn will recede. You need to chew a young earthen apple, preferably by rubbing it on a fine grater.
- The benefits of potatoes are also present in the field of cosmetology. There is nothing better than porridge from young root crops. And this product is no exception. Anti-aging masks are best done 2-3 times a week and your skin will be toned and beautiful!
We figured out how useful potatoes are, but this is far from all that your vegetable is capable of! It can be used to lower the temperature (apply porridge), as a preventive measure against cancer, to normalize blood pressure during arrhythmias, and much more. Therefore, it makes no sense to even argue whether potatoes are healthy or not. But what damage to the body it can bring, now we'll figure it out.
The negative impact of vegetables
Did you know that potatoes can not only cripple, but also kill? And this is not about a 500-gram tuber falling from the 9th floor, but about the composition of this vegetable. Let's look at all the harm of potatoes in detail.
- Old tubers are poison. Accumulated over time, solanine can affect the human nervous system and cause paralysis. This applies to tubers that have been under the sun for a long time or stored in the basement for a long time. If they turn green, this is the first sign of the beginning of the accumulation of poison. It's best to throw them out right away.
- Chlorophyll is a powerful toxin. With constant heating of the crop (if it is too close to the top of the earth) and exposure to sunlight, chlorophyll is released, which can poison the body. The person will feel unwell, possibly poisoning.
- Diabetics should be wary of potatoes. She has too high a glycemic index (blood sugar rises quickly). It is also not recommended to eat it while following a diet - weight is quickly gained due to starches and high nutritional value.
Do not abuse this product, because it is not only useful, but can greatly harm your body. Follow the right diet.
How to choose the right potatoes
When you go, the benefits and harms of which have been described above, then some advice from experienced gardeners will come in handy in order not to fall into the tricks of unscrupulous traders and not buy bad goods. By appearance and condition, one can evaluate not only some taste qualities, but even its benefits for human health. Let's take a closer look.
- Pay attention to the shape of the tubers. If you want to know if potatoes are healthy or not, then, first of all, evaluate the correctness of the geometry of each apple. If it is deformed or twisted - the first sign of the use of herbicides.
- Black, light spots on the peel - the root crop has not bypassed fungal diseases. It is better to put such a product aside or give it a strong heat treatment (frying or boiling).
- You can’t take a sluggish one, because it was at a high temperature or stored for a long time, it will have an increased amount of chlorophyll or even poisons.
- Choose only light-colored tubers, avoid those that have a greenish tint- they are dangerous to health, you can get poisoned.
- Give preference to the middle fraction, avoid huge specimens of 500 g or more -
Kira Stoletova
The benefits and harms of potatoes are very relative concepts, which largely depend on the correct use of the product. The beneficial properties of potatoes are based on its rich composition, and the harm is based on some features of storage and preparation. Let's look at how potatoes are useful for the body and in what cases it can harm us.
Potato composition
Potatoes are useful to humans, because they are a storehouse of valuable vitamins and substances we need. There is no need to talk about the benefits of vitamin C - it is a powerful help to our immunity, a weapon against free radicals, an assistant in the absorption of iron, an important component of the normal functioning of the circulatory system. It should be recalled about B vitamins, especially B6. Its presence makes ordinary potatoes an important assistant in the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, extremely useful for anemia, toxicosis, neuralgia and dermatitis.
The high content of potassium has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart, improves metabolism, and reduces the level of "bad" cholesterol. Starch, which abounds in this vegetable, helps to cope with irritation of the mucous membrane caused by the action of drugs. In addition, chemical compounds found in potatoes can lower blood pressure. We should not forget about the nutritional value of this vegetable: a properly cooked potato provides us with useful substances, and in addition, it helps to cleanse the body and remove excess fluid.
Effect of solanine
Potatoes will bring harm or benefit - largely depends on the presence in it of some insidious substance called solanine. It is found in the peel, green areas and sprouts of potatoes, and if stored improperly, it penetrates under the peel and deeper into the vegetable. (Incorrect storage refers to storing tubers for too long and storing them in a bright place.)
If sprouts appear on the tubers, this is a sign that the level of solanine in the vegetable has increased greatly. It is better not to consume such tubers, and if necessary, cut the skin on them with a very thick layer.
A vegetable that contains this substance can cause serious problems with the digestive and nervous systems. The most serious contraindication to the consumption of sprouted potatoes concerns pregnant women, as well as young children. To avoid a dangerous change in the properties of potatoes, they should be stored in a cold and dark place (the best option is a cellar with a temperature not exceeding six degrees).
Benefits for the figure
This product is known for its calorie content (100 grams of the product contains 76 kcal) and high starch content, which is why it is rarely found on the list of allowed weight loss diet products. And at the same time, it has the ability to remove water, cleanse the stomach, improve metabolism and perfectly satisfy hunger. Is high-calorie potatoes good or bad for our figure? It largely depends on how it is prepared.
Little is left of the useful properties of potatoes if they are deep-fried, pre-soaked for a long time in water, or provided with a large amount of fat during cooking. At the same time, the calorie content of fried potatoes can increase three, four, or even five times! In general, the product will not spoil the effect of your diet and exercise in any way, if consumed in moderation, baked or boiled, without fat. This vegetable is not in vain called the “second bread” - this folk wisdom contains very useful advice: just replace flour products with a boiled tuber and your figure will not suffer at all.
Beauty Benefits
Experts argue not only the benefits of potatoes for our health, but also their importance for the beauty industry. Cosmetologists have long known the magical properties of young potatoes and their benefits for the skin of the hands, neck, face, nails and hair. Means from this vegetable have nourishing, regenerating, tonic and anti-inflammatory properties. Starch helps to eliminate wrinkles and sagging, brightens the skin, tightens pores. What is important - it does not cause allergic reactions and is suitable for almost everyone.
In home cosmetology, raw potato juice is used, as well as mashed potatoes after cooking. With the help of simple ingredients, you can prepare a variety of masks for the face, neck, hands, hair and nails - completely natural, healing and effective. (Milk, honey, egg white, lemon juice, olive oil, and other natural ingredients can be added to homemade cosmetic masks that enhance the effect of potatoes.) In addition, traditional medicine advises using raw tuber gruel to treat not too old corns.
Other useful properties
- This product contributes to the construction of proteins in the human body, and also plays an important role in the creation of the "hormone of joy" - serotonin.
- It has been found that people who consume potatoes are less prone to insomnia and have stronger memory.
- Raw potato juice is beneficial for the body, helping to fight migraines and digestive problems. In addition, raw product compresses heal skin diseases.
- Even the insidious solanine, which cannot be eaten, is successfully used in medicine to treat burns.
Contraindications
- Excessive consumption of potatoes can negatively affect joint health if a person already has problems in this area. It is not necessary to completely eliminate the product from the diet - just reduce its amount.
- With a high glycemic index, this product is dangerous for people with diabetes. In such cases, the consumption of potatoes should be eliminated or minimized, combining it with products whose index is extremely low. In addition, before cooking and eating potatoes, diabetics should soak them.
- You should not eat this product with intestinal diseases, high acidity and sexually transmitted diseases.
Insidious starch. What is the harm?
Even adherents of proper nutrition do not mind eating McDonald's french fries, despite the high calorie content of the dish. Puree, fried, stewed - in what form it is not consumed! In view of the popularity of potatoes among our compatriots and residents of other countries, it is advisable to mention the beneficial and harmful qualities of a vegetable.
Composition and features of potatoes
Potatoes have a high nutritional value, which is why after eating them, saturation remains for a long time. From a portion of 100 gr. more than 30 gr. assigned to carbohydrates, 5 gr. occupy dietary fiber (including fiber in particular), 4.4 gr. are proteins, less than 0.3 gr. accumulates fat. There is no cholesterol in potatoes if the vegetable is not fried!
When taking one tuber per day, you will replenish 50% of the daily requirement for vitamin C. In addition to ascorbic acid, the vegetable concentrates potassium (more than 22% of the daily value), pyridoxine (29%), iron (10%), magnesium (13%), calcium (3%) and other equally important nutrients.
In a smaller volume, potatoes contain choline, phosphorus, folic acid, vitamin PP, zinc, thiamine and tocopherol. But there is practically no sodium in raw potatoes, about 12 mg is allocated to it, which is less than 0.8% of the daily requirement.
Since the chemical list of vegetable substances has been sufficiently studied, alpha-lipoic acid has not been bypassed. She is responsible for the transformation of glucose into precious energy, and not fat reserves in hidden places. In addition, this element is a natural antioxidant.
Some evidence suggests that this same acid helps lower blood sugar levels. As you know, this quality is appreciated by diabetics.
Potato tuber contains the flavonoid quercetin, which has powerful anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. This substance prevents the negative effect of radionuclides on the cells of the body.
As for calories, 100 gr. raw vegetable boasts 145 kcal. It is easy to estimate the calorie content of a dish of 5 tubers, which is about 700 Kcal. For such simple reasons, overweight people should not abuse the vegetable.
In one boiled potato 145 kcal., fried - more than 480 kcal. It has been proven that 38% of Russians eat fried potatoes, which, in addition to harmful starch, also contain a lot of cholesterol.
The calorie index tends to the maximum mark in proportion to how long the potatoes have lain. The older the tubers, the higher their nutritional value. Young potatoes can rightfully be considered a dietary vegetable.
Potato in folk medicine
The unique composition of the root crop allows it to be widely used in folk medicine. Potatoes do an excellent job with inflammatory processes and damage to the skin. To get rid of the problem, you need to attach a fresh slice to the wound.Raw potatoes have shown themselves well in the healing of burns. In addition, the root crop can thoroughly cleanse the gastrointestinal tract from toxic compounds and slagging.
If you drink potato juice in combination with carrot and celery, digestive processes are getting better. The composition normalizes the acidity in the stomach.
- It contains a lot of minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, etc. All of them are required for compaction of bone tissue. Regular and dosed intake of potatoes reduces the likelihood of fractures, lubricates the joints, and prevents many ailments of this environment.
- Zinc in combination with iron and phosphorus are responsible for the production of collagen fibers. As you know, it is collagen that makes the skin toned and elastic, and also takes part in the formation of a strong musculoskeletal system. However, you should be careful, the abuse of products with phosphorus leads to the manifestation of osteoporosis.
- The value of potato tubers for people who suffer from high blood pressure has been proven. The vasodilating effect reduces performance, relieves headaches and frequent migraines, suppresses fatigue and dizziness.
- Potato stimulates brain neurons. This feature leads to improved mental activity, memory and concentration. Potatoes must be included in the menu of people who work physically, as it increases the supply of energy and fights fatigue.
- The vegetable improves the activity of the digestive system, removes congestion, lubricates the walls of the esophagus. Potatoes should be eaten with stool disorders, bloating, constipation.
- Despite the high calorie content and starch content, young potatoes can be eaten while on a diet. It will saturate the body for a long time, fill the daily need for the necessary elements and vitamins. You will be able to control your appetite and at the same time take from the vegetable all the calories you need for energy.
- Not without the valuable qualities of potato tubers for the immune system. Vitamin C in large volumes (more than half of the daily requirement) is needed to suppress viral infections during their spread. Potatoes should be consumed by those who have often been sick since childhood or have difficulty enduring the off-season.
- The vegetable is good for the heart muscle. It contains potassium with magnesium, pyridoxine, thiamine, and other B-group vitamins. All of them favorably affect the density of blood channels and its circulation, and also reduce the likelihood of heart defects.
- Raw potato juice is highly prized, as is the tuber itself. The drink has an anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, expectorant effect. Potato juice makes cell walls thick, calms the human nervous system, and is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism.
- Many tests involving potatoes have confirmed the value of this vegetable in the fight against cancer. The vegetable and the juice based on it prevent cancer by cutting off the flow of blood to malignant neoplasms. The tumor simply dissolves.
- Useful properties of potato tubers affect all vital organs and human systems. The vegetable increases metabolic processes, due to which the assimilation of food, mental activity and the psycho-emotional environment are improved. It is useful to drink potato juice for those who suffer from insomnia.
- Raw vegetable has found application in the field of cosmetology. It is enough to grind the tuber on a grater and make a face mask. Some girls rub their skin with potato juice to reduce the likelihood of creases and fine lines. Potato whitens the skin from pigmentation and freckles.
- It is forbidden to eat a root crop that has not ripened or sprouted. These fruits contain the toxic substance solanine. Studies have shown that the enzyme has a negative effect on the respiratory and circulatory systems. Severe headaches, diarrhea, and muscle cramps often occur.
- Keep in mind that if you cook potatoes at temperatures above 120 degrees, the harmful chemical acrylamide begins to be released in the fruits. Such a reagent is part of plastics, cigarette smoke, glue and dyes. The substance leads to the development of cancer cells.
- Acrylamide provokes a neurotoxic effect on the body. A harmful substance leaves a detrimental imprint on the reproductive function and human genes. All kinds of fried potato dishes have a maximum acrylamide content. The substance is present in table salt and fat. Therefore, it is worth abandoning such components.
- Potato consumption should be reduced due to the high potassium content. This condition applies to people who are simultaneously taking medications such as beta-blockers. In such preparations there is a high concentration of potassium. Such a contraindication should not be overlooked. Otherwise, oversaturation with potassium leads to the development of pathologies of the liver and kidneys.
- Kidney failure, as a rule, leads to the fact that the internal organs are unable to pass through a high concentration of potassium. As a result, the disease can lead to death. Therefore, be sure to follow a diet that includes a variety of foods. Soon the body will be able to fully recover.
- Potatoes are dangerous foods that provoke the development of diabetes. Therefore, experts strongly recommend reducing the consumption of root crops before planning a pregnancy. A high concentration of starch in potatoes leads to the development of gestational diabetes.
- Initially, studies were based on the fact that all fried potato dishes provoke the development of diabetes. In the course of numerous observations, something else became clear. Abuse of potatoes in any form develops the disease. Scientists have found that it is starch that provokes the disease. The vegetable is especially dangerous during the period of gestation.
Potatoes have positive qualities. The main condition remains that the root crop must be properly prepared and included in the diet in limited quantities. Do not place high hopes on the vegetable. If you have contraindications, be sure to consult your doctor. It is also recommended to use potatoes externally. You can treat skin damage and prepare all kinds of masks and remedies to restore the hair structure.
Video: how to be treated with potato juice