The proverbs and sayings of the Crimean Karaites (Karai) are an important source for the reconstruction of the stages of development of ethnic culture. Nar wisdom in proverbs and sayings of Karaites folk wisdom sayings
Consideration of proverbs and sayings of the Crimean Karaites, including concepts that are not currently used, cultural features that have gone into the past. The study of various beliefs in folk aphorisms. Ethnoculture of the Crimean Karaites in different periods of time.
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Advice for parents.
Folk wisdom inproverbsOhand sayingOh.
Sayings and proverbs are short sayings containing a conclusion from observations of others. They are more understandable to older people. children - six to seven years old. In a saying, a proverb, their content is important. They were formed on the basis of vast life experience. Proverb - affiliation of adult speech. Children can hardly use it yet and are only being led to this form of folklore. However, individual proverbs addressed to children can inspire them with some rules of behavior, for example: "Hurry up, make people laugh." It is most correct to use proverbs and sayings at a time when circumstances clearly illustrate the proverb.
In adults, a stock of proverbs and sayings is usually created as a result of listening and reading fairy tales, folk epics, fiction influenced by the speech of others. It’s bad if they “plan” in advance the use of proverbs and sayings. Folk expressions are alive only when they are said at the right time and place. By no means from children. should not be sought so that they use these expressions or, even worse, memorize them. It is good if children in the speech of an adult catch humor, understand the edification in the proverb. If a saying or a separate expression taken from a fairy tale or from an adult’s speech occasionally flashes in a child’s speech, this will be a reward for the labors, but one should not deliberately call the child to this.
Life is given for good deeds.
Wormwood does not grow without a root.
Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.
Wear a dress - do not take it off, endure grief - do not say.
It will be dashing, it will be quiet.
The spark of the carcass before the fire, take away the trouble before the impact.
Grandmother said in two: either rain or snow, either it will or not.
God, God, and don't be bad yourself.
To be afraid of misfortune is not to see happiness.
Or a chest in crosses, or a head in the bushes.
Falsely, you will pass the whole world, but you will not return back.
Youth is a bird, and old age is a turtle.
Russian neither with a sword, nor with a kalach does not joke.
Who eats quickly, he works quickly.
Every blacksmith of his own happiness.
See the tree in fruit, and man in deeds.
To plow - not to play the tune.
An attempt is not torture, but demand is not a problem.
Darn the hole while it's small.
Without taking up the ax, you will not cut down the hut.
What is the master, such is the case.
Where there is desire, there is skill.
Know how to start, know how to finish.
The end is the crown.
What is the spin - such is the shirt.
Leni is too lazy to take a spoon, but Leni is not too lazy to dine.
“Shark, why don’t you sew from the back?” -
“And I, mother, will still flog!”
Knocked down, knocked together, here is the wheel!
Sat down and went - oh, good!
I looked back - some knitting needles are lying.
Stupid and lazy - he does the same thing twice.
A big talker is a bad worker.
There is no friend, so look for it, but if you find it - take care.
Even the wolf does not take a consonant herd.
Friendly - not heavy, but apart - at least drop it.
For a sweet friend and an earring from an ear.
For a friend, even seven miles is not a suburb.
Where there is harmony, there is treasure.
You will not get to know your friend without trouble.
A bird has wings, and a man has a mind.
And the strength of the mind is inferior.
You won't be smart with someone else's mind.
Don't ask the old, ask the seasoned.
In a smart conversation to be - to buy a mind, and in a stupid one - to lose your own.
Do not rush to answer, hurry to listen.
A good rope is long, but a speech is short.
Don't rush with your tongue, hurry up with your deeds.
Boast - do not mow, your back does not hurt.
Empty vessels make the greatest sound.
Don't teach a fish to swim.
In the desert and Thomas - a nobleman.
In the wrong hands, the chunk is great.
He drowned - the ax promised, but they pulled it out - and it's a pity for the ax handle.
Slander is like coal: it won't burn, it will stain it.
Every song has its end.
- Read about Karaites: * Karaite religion - Karaism
Folklore
The most important component of the Karai spiritual culture is their folklore, the origins of which have deep roots and date back to the time of the Crimean Khazaria. Wherein folk art preserved both the mention of the Khazars and the plots, very similar to those that exist among the Turks living in Altai.
The tradition of keeping majum helped the Karaites preserve their folklore, representing family collections in which folk legends, songs, as well as proverbs and sayings were recorded ... Such collections were available in almost every family and, along with the Old Testament, were considered the most valuable family relics .
Folk wisdom played no less a role than the prescriptions of religion, served as a guide in relationships, and helped in difficult times. A special place was occupied by proverbs and sayings, these "words of the fathers." There were many sayings, for all occasions. Often they had a poetic form with rhyme and rhythm.
The "Words of the Fathers" say that customs and justice are half of faith, reflect the attitude towards the native land, friendship, work, neighbor. Many edifications and aphoristic sayings, often with humor, unexpected epithets, comparisons. Typical examples:
Foreign land is clay, and Motherland is gold.
He who gives is pleasing to God.
Let your word match the donated amount.
God will give - pray, but will not bring home - work.
Like pearls and the words of a wise man, only the word of a fool will cause pain.
With a lion be a lion, with a lamb a lamb, but with a donkey don't be a donkey.
You are a khan, I am a khan, and there is no one to give hay to the horses.
He who exalts himself to heaven will fall to the ground.
A fool will harness a horse, but a smart wind will harness it.
There was a curious game in the past. Its participants exchanged proverbs and sayings in turn. The one who missed the turn was out of the game. The verbal battle continued into the night. The winner was honored and respected.
Often competed in improvisation of songs. Songs such as ditties - ranks and more lengthy yyrs - had success. These songs were quickly created and forgotten. More complex and longer-living songs of the turkyu genre were passed down by generations, including ritual and heroic songs - destans. Of the most ancient songs, a lullaby about the butahamora beast, close in plot to the one known in Altai, has been preserved.
Interesting folk calendar. The names suyunch-ay - a joyful month (February-March), einekun - a day of great purity (Friday) and yukhkun - a holy day (Sunday) also sounded among the Polovtsians. The word yukhkun is close to the names of Karachais and Balkars, and the name cancun - the day of blood (Wednesday) - among the Chuvash and Bashkirs.
Lessons. Gen.
Ancient Karai professions: gardening, viticulture, cattle breeding, military affairs, carting, handicrafts, petty trade.
Like the Khazars, the Karaites led a seasonal way of life. In the spring they went to gardens and vineyards, migrated with herds to the steppes and mountains. In the autumn they returned to permanent settlements, engaged in crafts. The surnames reflect professions: a shepherd, a hunter, a catcher of wild animals, a gardener, a beekeeper, a milkman, a buznik, a baker, a cheese maker, a carter, a standard-bearer, a chumak, a locksmith, a saddler, a coin minter, a tanner, a leather embroiderer, a cooper, a woodcutter, a gatekeeper, porter, herald, teacher, etc.
Karaims were ranked among the best gardeners. Orchards and vineyards were located in the valleys of Alma, Kacha, Salgir, Karasu. There was a saying: "Work hard - the garden meets, lazy - runs wild." The gardens of S. Krym, A. Babovich, Prik were once famous. Their owners received awards at all-Russian exhibitions.
The tanners were very famous.
Karai were especially fond of horses. Hence the sayings: "A good horse is strength for the Karaites", "Without a horse, as without hands", etc. On horses and oxen, the Chumaks-Karaites went from the Crimea to their fellow tribesmen in Galicia and Lithuania. From the word "chomacha" - fetters, yoke - comes the Karaite surname Chomak.
Military professions were held in high esteem. The Karaites of the Kyrk-Yer fortress were ranked among the military aristocracy - the Tarkhans. In Lithuania, Karai were part of the personal guard of Prince Vitovt. In the Russian army in 1914, 700 Karaites served, of which 500 were officers.
The Karaites led a way of life characteristic of the Turkic peoples. They were distinguished by patriarchy and unquestioning obedience to the head of the house. National features were manifested in the architecture of houses, details of furnishings, clothing, and cuisine. Characterized by a commitment to black and low dark astrakhan hats - Karaites, as they were called in the Crimea. Of the items of ancient life - a device for kneading dough and processing leather - talki, similar to the well-known with a similar name among the Karachais and Altaians. Karaite embroideries with geometric and floral ornaments and with a characteristic closed rhythm find the closest analogy among the Kirghiz.