The largest amount of grain is collected in. Growing wheat in Russia. Grain harvest in the USSR by year

The article materials include information about world wheat production, data on the volume of collections in the main wheat producing countries(TOP 100). The article was prepared by specialists from the Expert Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" based on statistical and forecast data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Rosstat, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 2016 . The material is part of the Encyclopedia of Agribusiness "Agriculture". To go to the main page of the encyclopedia, follow the link -.

Wheat production in the world

World wheat production in 2014, according to FAO, amounted to 729.0 million tons. This is 2.5% more than in 2013. Compared to the indicators of ten years ago (by 2004), production volume increased by 15.3% or 96.8 thousand tons.

World wheat production in 2015, according to OECD estimates, is at the level of 723.8 thousand tons. According to the forecasts of this organization, no significant changes in global wheat production are expected in 2016.

Over the next 10 years, the growth in global wheat production will slow down. By 2024, the figures will increase by 7.9% or 59.7 million tons compared to 2014.

The USDA also predicts a slowdown in the growth of wheat production in the world over the next 10 years. In the 2024/2025 agricultural year, the global wheat harvest, according to forecasts of this organization, will amount to 776.2 million tons, which is 6.6% more than in 2014/2015.

Wheat producing countries

Wheat is produced in more than 100 countries around the world. At the same time, in 53 countries of the world in 2014, the volume of wheat production was over 1 million tons.

The largest 10 wheat-producing countries accounted for 69.6% of the global wheat harvest in 2014. These countries are China, India, Russia, USA, France, Canada, Germany, Pakistan, Australia and Ukraine.

The TOP 30 wheat producing countries in the world account for 92.4% of the total harvest. In addition to the above countries, the TOP 30 in 2014 included Turkey, Great Britain, Argentina, Kazakhstan, Poland, Egypt, Iran, Romania, Italy, Uzbekistan, Spain, Brazil, Czech Republic, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Morocco, Denmark, Ethiopia and Iraq.

Below are current and projected wheat production trends in the three largest producing countries.

Wheat production in China

China is the world's main wheat producer. In 2014, China's share in world production of this grain crop was 17.3%, production volume - 126.2 million tons. Over 10 years, compared to 2004, wheat production in China increased by 37.3% or 34.3 million tons. Due to limited available land, China's wheat production growth is expected to slow significantly over the next 10 years. By 2024, according to the OECD forecast, it will reach 130.9 million tons, which is almost at the level of modern levels. According to the USDA, China's wheat harvest will reach 133.1 million tons by the 2024/2025 agricultural year.

Wheat production in India

Among wheat producing countries in 2014, India is in 2nd place with a volume of 94.5 million tons. Over 10 years, the figures increased by 30.9% or 22.3 million tons. In India, the reserves of areas suitable for expansion are also limited, however, due to some technological backwardness in the field of growing crops, there is the possibility of a sustainable intensive increase in production volumes. With the introduction of advanced technologies into the production process, the yield can increase significantly. According to OECD forecasts, by 2024, wheat harvests in India will reach 110.2 million tons - an increase of 16.6% or 15.7 million tons. The USDA's forecast for wheat production in India is more moderate. By the 2024/2025 agricultural year, production will increase by 7.5% compared to 2014/2015.

Wheat production in Russia

Among wheat producing countries, Russia ranks 3rd in the world. In 2014, wheat production in Russia amounted to 59.7 million tons (8.2% of world production).

Over 10 years, the figures increased by 31.4% or 16.6 million tons. According to AB-Center estimates, in 2015 the volume of wheat production in the Russian Federation exceeded 62 million tons, according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation - amounted to 63.8 million tons.

It is worth noting that the wheat harvest in the Russian Federation of over 60 million tons was predicted by the OECD only by 2021.

USDA forecasts for wheat production in the Russian Federation are at similar levels - up to 62.1 million tons in the 2024/2025 agricultural year. At the same time, the organization’s forecast for wheat exports from the Russian Federation is more positive - growth over the next 10 years by 22.0%.

The steady growth of wheat production in Russia, according to AB-Center, is due to a number of factors, such as:

• growth in consumption in the domestic market (including an increase in the livestock industry’s need for feed);
• development of logistics infrastructure, which made it possible to significantly increase export volumes;
• increasing wheat yield. Analysis of average annual indicators for a long period allows us to largely eliminate the influence of natural and climatic factors and determine the contribution of the use of advanced technologies to changes in wheat yield in Russia. The average annual yield of this main type of grain in Russia, according to calculations based on Rosstat data, in 1991-2000. was 16.4 c/ha, in 2001-2010. - increased to 20.5 c/ha, in 2011-2015. - reached 22.5 c/ha.

The leader in collection, as a year earlier, was the Krasnodar Territory, where almost 14 million tons were threshed (hereinafter - information from the Ministry of Agriculture) versus 13.25 million tons in 2014. This season, grain crops in the region increased by 21.2 thousand hectares to almost 2.4 million hectares, and yields also increased from 55.8 c/ha to 58.5 c/ha. According to this indicator, Kuban also became the first in the country. The region's farmers collected the most wheat (over 8.6 million tons), corn (3.2 million tons) and rice (955.5 thousand tons).

The second place with 9.5 million tons of grain is occupied by the Rostov region, which increased its harvest by 126.1 thousand tons compared to 2014. The region expanded crops by 124 thousand hectares to 3.26 million hectares, but the yield in 2015 turned out to be lower than a year earlier - 29.3 c/ha versus 30 c/ha. The region also took second place in the country in wheat harvest at 7.3 million tons, and the same position in barley harvest, which amounted to just over 1 million tons.

The Stavropol Territory collected about 9 million tons of grain and became the third in Russia in terms of this indicator. The result was 207.6 thousand tons better than last season, while grain crops increased slightly - by 21.2 thousand hectares to 2.28 million hectares, the yield was 39.4 c/ha - by 0.5 c/ha more than in 2014. The region received about 7 million tons of wheat, 767.8 thousand tons of barley, 812.6 thousand tons of corn.

Harvest in Voronezh region, which took fourth place in the country, turned out to be lower than in 2014 - 4.17 million tons versus 4.41 million tons, since the collection per hectare decreased by 2.7 c to 29.9 c, although crops added 37.8 thousand hectares, amounting to almost 1.4 million hectares. In terms of gross harvest, the region became the first in the Central federal district, however, in terms of wheat and barley harvest it is only second with 1.9 million tons and 943.5 thousand tons. But the region is the leader in the Central Federal District in terms of corn harvest, which exceeded 1 million tons.

Altai Territory came fifth with 4.11 million tons, which is 600 thousand tons more than in 2014. Productivity in the region increased slightly - from 10.9 c/ha to 11.3 c/ha, but crops increased by 431.7 thousand hectares and exceeded 3.6 million hectares. In terms of expansion of the area under grain, the region became the first in the country. The region received about 2.58 million tons of wheat, which is 631.5 thousand tons more than in 2014. In terms of the volume of increase in the harvest of this agricultural crop, the region became the second, slightly behind Kuban, which increased production by 658.3 thousand tons. In addition, the Altai Territory traditionally leads in buckwheat harvest; in 2015 it amounted to 370.2 thousand tons - this is over 41% of the total collection in the country.

The sixth-largest grain harvest was collected by the Kursk region - 3.8 million tons. However, a year earlier the result was more than 4.4 million tons, and then the region became fourth. Although crops increased by 68.5 thousand hectares, exceeding 1 million hectares, the region experienced the most significant decrease in yield in the country by 9 c/ha to 36.4 c/ha. The drop in wheat yield per hectare was also the largest in Russia - by 11.6 quintals to 35.3 quintals; nevertheless, the region became the first in the Central Federal District in the collection of this agricultural crop, receiving 1.98 million tons.

The yield in the now seventh Tambov region remained approximately at the level of 2014 - 34 c/ha, but thanks to the expansion of crops by 79.2 thousand hectares to more than 1 million hectares, the grain harvest exceeded 3.6 million tons, which is 272.1 thousand . t more than a year earlier. The region showed the third highest wheat harvest in the Central Federal District - almost 1.7 million tons, and became the country's leader in barley production with more than 1 million tons.

Grain harvest in Tatarstan, which ranks eighth, amounted to about 3.5 million tons, which is only 1.2 thousand tons less than in 2014. Crops in the region increased by 45.7 thousand hectares to 1.6 million hectares, but the yield decreased from 22.7 c/ha to 22.1 c/ha. The republic harvested over 1.7 million tons of wheat and 944.3 thousand tons of barley, becoming the largest producer of these crops in the Volga region.

The Omsk region improved its grain collection indicators by 127.4 thousand tons, receiving about 3.4 million tons, and became ninth on the list. Productivity in the region increased slightly - from 15.7 c/ha to 15.9 c/ha; grain crops increased by 57.5 thousand hectares, reaching 2.15 million hectares. The wheat harvest in the region amounted to about 2.55 million tons - according to this indicator, it became second in the Siberian District, only about 30 thousand tons behind Altai Territory. But the region became the first in the Siberian Federal District in terms of barley harvest with 575.1 thousand tons.

Bashkiria occupies tenth place in the ranking with a harvest of 3.19 million tons, which is almost 0.5 million tons more than a year earlier. Grain crops in the republic decreased by 39 thousand hectares to 1.7 million hectares, but the yield was 3.1 c/ha more than in 2014. In terms of wheat and barley harvest, the region became second in the Volga region with 1.37 million tons and 744.4 thousand tons.

The Belgorod region was slightly behind Bashkiria, where they collected 3.12 million tons of grain. The region worsened its 2014 indicators by 627.7 thousand tons, which was affected by a drop in yield by 3.3 c/ha to 44.2 c/ha and a reduction in crops by 83.5 thousand hectares to 706.6 thousand hectares. In terms of the decrease in grain production, the region became the fifth in the country, its contribution to the reduction in the harvest in the Central Federal District was about 50% - the harvest in the district was approximately 1.2 million tons less than in 2014.

There are about 250 kg of cereals per inhabitant of the earth, although the world consumes more than it grows.

More than 85% of grain in the world never leaves state borders © UKRAFOTO

Every year, more than 1.7 billion tons of grain are grown worldwide. That is, there are about 250 kg per inhabitant of the earth. The most popular cultures- these are corn and wheat.

Grain is grown in most countries of the world - where the climate allows, but more than 85% of grain never leaves the borders of their homeland.

Just over 14% of grain is exported. And of this amount, 3/4 comes from only 5 countries.

250 kg of grain per person per year

In 2010/2011, the world grew 1.75 billion tons of grain crops. These include wheat, corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, sorghum and triticale - a cross between wheat and rye.

It turns out that per inhabitant of the planet there is about 250 kg of grain per year. Of course, it is worth considering that livestock is also fed grain, so some of the grain ends up on our table in the form of meat, eggs and milk.

Since 2010, the world has grown less grain than it consumes. For example, for 2011/12, the International Grains Council predicts that 1.808 million tons of grain will be grown in the world, and about 1,821 million tons will be used for food and feeding livestock. The difference can be compensated for by existing reserves - they are estimated at approximately 20% from world production.

Most countries grow grain exclusively for their own needs. Thus, more than 85% of the world's grain is used entirely in the country where it was grown.

Explore interactive map grain production. By clicking on the territory of any country, you will see how much grain it produces.

World grain production

Corn is the queen of fields

The most grown grain crop in the world is corn. In 2010/2011, it was grown in the amount of 820.6 million tons - 117 kg for each earthling.

The queen of the fields is used all over the world to feed livestock, and only in Latin America is it more actively used as food.

The leader in corn cultivation is the United States, where slightly less than 40% of all the world's corn is grown. Manufacturer No. 2 - China with an indicator of 20%. In third place are 27 EU countries with a share of about 7%. Brazil, Argentina and Mexico combined produce another 12% of the world's corn.

Wheat rules

The world silver medal in terms of cultivation volumes belongs to wheat. In 2010/2011, it was grown in the amount of 648 million tons - 95 kg for each inhabitant of the earth.

Now the leaders in wheat cultivation are the EU countries, China, India, the USA and Russia. From time to time, Ukraine also becomes a leader in wheat exporters, although last season it dropped to 6th place.

Although the main grain crop takes second place, in fact it is the price of wheat that sets the benchmark for other export crops - in particular, barley.

Rice is counted separately

Despite the fact that rice is also a grain crop, international organizations consider it separately from wheat and feed crops.

In 2010, 448 million tons of rice were grown in the world. The main producing countries are China (137 million tons), India (89 million tons), Indonesia (37 million tons), Bangladesh (30.5 million tons) and Thailand (2 million tons)

Surprisingly, in India and China much less rice is grown than wheat.

For example, in 2010, China grew 2.3 times more wheat, and India 40% more than rice.

Who sells grain to the world

Most countries grow grain crops for themselves, and only about 13-14% of the grain produced is exported. The annual export volume fluctuates between 240-250 million tons.

The 5 largest exporters - the USA, Argentina, Australia, Canada and the European Union - accounted for 75% of international grain trade in 2010/2011.

Ukraine, let us remind you, is due to export quotas. Russia also remained on the sidelines, as it completely banned grain exports from August 15, 2010.

Largest grain exporting countries of the current marketing year*

* International Grains Council forecast

World trade in rice is about 30 million tons per year. The world's largest rice exporter is Thailand, accounting for about 30% of global exports.

The top five exporters also include Vietnam, India, Pakistan and the USA. The United States grows about 8-9 million tons of rice annually, of which about 3-3.5 million tons is exported.

The main types of grain crops on the world market are wheat, barley, oats, corn, rice, buckwheat and peas. Currently, the world grain market is controlled by five main exporters: the USA, Canada, Australia, Argentina, and the EU. The total export offers of grain from the main “five” exporters amount to over 84% of the total volume of world trade. The leading position in the grain market is given to the United States, which accounts for 28% of trade volume, followed by Canada - 17%, Australia and the EU - 15% each, and Argentina - 11%.

According to the Minister of Agriculture Alexei Gordeev, as of June 2008, Russia ranked 3rd in the world in wheat exports and was one of the five leading grain producing countries.

The US is the largest grain exporter. One third of the United States' crop acreage is planted specifically for foreign sale. Among grains in the United States, the leading place is occupied by corn and wheat, a significant part of which is exported.

The United States has long maintained leadership as a corn producer. Corn is grown almost everywhere there: the sown area is 28.6-35.0 million hectares. Productivity ranges from 9 to 10 tons/ha. The United States produces 267.5-331.2 million tons of corn, which is half of the world's total corn harvest. 44.5-61.9 million tons are exported, and most of goes to domestic consumption, which amounts to 230.7-261.7 million tons. Up to 0.3-0.5 million tons are imported. Carryover reserves - 33.1-45.5 million tons.

The sown area devoted to wheat is 18.9-22.5 million hectares. Each hectare yields an average of 3 tons of harvest. Thus, about 49.2-68.0 million tons are produced. Moreover, on average, one half goes for export (24.7-34.4 million tons), the other half goes for domestic consumption, which amounts to 28.6-34.3 million tons. 3.0-3.3 million tons are imported. Carryover reserves range from 8.3 to 17.8 million tons.

Canada

Canada is a grain exporter (this applies to all major crops, including wheat, rye, oats, barley, corn, buckwheat) and one of the main players in the world grain market. In this regard, grain imports are insignificant.

On average, the sown area for wheat is 8.6 - 11.0 million hectares. Productivity varies from year to year and ranges from 1.8 to 2.9 tons/ha. On average, the gross harvest of wheat varies from 16.2 to 28.6 million tons, with 9.4 - 19.4 million tons going for export. Imports range from 0.2 to 0.4 million tons. 6.3-9.0 million tons are spent on domestic consumption. Carryover stocks of wheat in the country amount to 4.8-9.7 million tons.

Barley is also an important export crop. The sown area for barley is 3.2-4.6 million hectares. Productivity varies from 2.2 to 3.4 tons/ha, which ensures the production of 7.5-13.2 million tons of barley. The country exports 0.4-3.0 million tons. Imports are insignificant. The country's domestic consumption of this grain crop is 7.9-11.6 million tons. Carryover reserves - 1.5-3.4 million tons.

Corn production in the country averages 8.8-11.6 million tons, which does not always cover the domestic consumption of this crop in the country, which varies from 10.3 to 13.8 million tons, so the missing amount of corn is imported.

Australia

Egypt(the largest importer of soft wheat - 7.3-8.2 million; the share of corn in the import structure is an average of 4.1-5.3 million tons).

Tunisia(import of wheat is 1.1-1.4 million tons, barley - 0.5-0.9 million tons);

Saudi Arabia(the largest importer of barley in the world - about 7.3 million tons), etc.

Countries in the Asia-Pacific region:

China(up to 6.7 million tons of wheat are imported);

Japan(the annual volume of imports of grain crops is approximately 25 million tons, of which corn accounts for 66%, wheat - 21%, barley - 6%, rice (unpeeled) - 3%, rye - 1%, oats - 0.5% ) and etc.

On May 4, 2009, the International Grains Council (IGC) raised its forecast for the world's gross grain harvest in the 2009/2010 season. The grain harvest is expected to be the second highest ever, following the current season's record 1,784 million tonnes, at 1,727 million tonnes. The global trade forecast for the current season has also been raised to 230 million tonnes.

Experts say the main reason for the upward adjustment in the assessment of world grain trade is the increase in imports of Black Sea grain by countries such as Egypt, Iran, and Pakistan. According to the IGC, global wheat trade in the 2008/2009 marketing year (MY) will be 122 million tons, while corn trade will be 79 million tons, which is 22 million tons below the record level in 2007/08. Due to high demand from feed manufacturers and a decline in production in a number of countries, this season we can expect an increase in barley trade by 23% to 19 million tons.

World grain trade activity in the 2009/2010 season, according to IGC forecast, will decline due to decreased demand for imported grain from the EU and some countries in Africa, Iran and Turkey.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources

1. Labor intensive Agriculture typical for: a) South Korea and the Netherlands; b) Bangladesh and Indonesia; c) USA and Spain; d) India and Turkey

2. Countries in which crop production exceeds livestock products in value are: a) Germany and Mongolia; b) Mexico and Lithuania; c) Switzerland and Ireland; d) India and Turkey 3. Countries in which livestock products exceed crop products in value are: a) the Netherlands and Colombia; b) Denmark and Great Britain; c) Indonesia and Brazil; d) Japan and Australia

4. European countries, in which livestock products exceed crop products in value, are: a) Estonia and Germany; b) Greece and Sweden; c) Portugal and Bulgaria; d) Finland and Italy

5. In total, the largest amount of grain is collected in: a) China and India; b) USA and Hungary; c) Australia and Cambodia; d) France and Iran

6. Highlight three countries that are the world's largest grain producers: a) Vietnam; b) India; in Russia; d) China; e) USA; e0 Argentina

7. The largest amount of grain per capita is produced in: a) India and Canada; b) Argentina and France; c) Nigeria and Egypt; Denmark and Venezuela

8. The world's largest wheat producers are; a) Brazil and Australia; b) China and India; c) Germany and Poland; d) Argentina and Indonesia

9. The leading grain crop in most countries of Europe and South-West Asia is: a) rice; b) corn; c) rye; d) wheat

10. The leading grain crop in most countries of South, Southeast and East Asia is: a) corn; b) millet; c) rice; d) wheat

11. The leading grain crop in most countries of Latin America and East Africa is: a) barley; b) corn; c) wheat; d) rice

12. Of the listed countries, the world's largest grain exporters are: a) Thailand and Finland; b) France and the USA; c) Brazil and Nigeria; d) The Netherlands and India

13. Of the listed countries, the world's largest wheat exporters are: a) Vietnam and Japan; b) Argentina and Norway; c) Canada and Australia; d) Egypt and Great Britain

14. The leading oilseed crop in the world is: a) peanuts; b) oil palm; c) soy; d) sunflower

15. The largest soybean producers in the world are: a) The Netherlands and Argentina; b) India and South Korea; c) Brazil and the USA; d) China and Paraguay

16. The largest sunflower producers in the world are: a) Japan and Australia; b) Germany and Mexico; c) South Africa and India; d) Argentina and Russia

17. Cotton occupies the largest sown areas in: A) North America; b) Africa; c) Latin America; d) Asia

18. The world's largest cotton producers are: a) Greece and Spain; b) China and the USA; c) the Netherlands and Pakistan; d) Australia and Canada

19. Among the Asian countries, the largest producers of cotton fiber are: a) Pakistan, China and India; b) Mongolia, South Korea and Japan; c) Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines; d) Cyprus, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

20. The world's largest producers of sugar from sugarcane are: a) Ukraine and France; b) Thailand and Sweden; c) Germany and Poland; d) Brazil and India

21. Sugar cane and sugar beets are grown in significant quantities only in: a) Poland and Colombia; b) Australia and Thailand; c) USA and China; d) Denmark and Pakistan

22. The world's largest coffee producers include: a) Türkiye and Spain; b) South Africa and Argentina; c) Vietnam and Colombia; d) Canada and Indonesia

23. Of the Latin American countries, the largest coffee producers are: a) Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica; b) Chile, Bolivia, Peru; c) Colombia, Mexico, Brazil; d) Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay

24. Over time, former colonies turned into the world's largest tea exporters: a) France; b) the Netherlands; In Great Britain; d) Portugal

25. Match:TONIC CULTURE REGION IS THE LARGEST PRODUCER 1) coffee a) Africa 2) cocoa b) Latin America 3) tea c) Southeast Asia 4) tobacco d) South America

26. Match:TONIC CULTURE COUNTRY IS THE LARGEST PRODUCER 1) cocoa a) France 2) tea b) China 3) tobacco c) Brazil 4) coffee d) Ivory Coast

27. Banana production is an industry of international specialization in the following countries: a) Latin America; b) Africa; c) Foreign Asia; d) Australia and Oceania

28. They specialize in the production of grapes and wine: a) France and Italy; b) USA and Mongolia; c) Latvia and Argentina; d) South Africa and Denmark

29. Select three countries that are the world's largest producers of natural rubber: a) New Zealand; b) Egypt; c) Thailand; d) China; e) Chile; e) Indonesia

30. The main cash crops located in the Sahel are: a) millet and fiber flax; b) cotton and peanuts; c) jute and cocoa; d) wheat and tea

31. The world's largest producer of natural rubber and oil palm fruits is: a) Latin America; b) Southeast Asia; V) West Africa; d) Southern Europe

32. The largest commercial herd of cattle is owned by: a) Australia; b) India; c) Ethiopia; d) Brazil

33. In total, the largest number of cattle is owned by: a) USA and Brazil; b) Denmark and the Netherlands; c) Sudan and Mali; d) Germany and Great Britain

34. Cattle are raised primarily on ranches in: a) Denmark and the USA; b) Mexico and Argentina; c) South Korea and Poland; d) Australia and Ireland

35. In total, the largest number of pigs belongs to: a) Brazil and the USA; b) Türkiye and Pakistan; c) Hungary and Denmark; d) Bangladesh and Israel

36. In the international division of labor, wool production traditionally specializes: a) Thailand and Indonesia; b) USA and UK; c) New Zealand and Uruguay; d) Hungary and the Netherlands