Planting material. Perennial and ground cover plants. Carnation. Carnation sand nostalgia Sand carnation planting and care
carnation lush-Dianthus superbus L.
European-North Asian species, distributed in Russia mainly in the northern half of the European part, in Siberia and the Far East. Scattered in all central Russian regions. It grows in meadows, edges, in sparse forests. Can be found in the Moscow region in dry meadows and woodlands.
Perennial with creeping rhizome. Stems up to 60 cm high, often solitary, ascending. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute. The flowers are large, on long stalks, fragrant. The calyx is joint-leaved, cylindrical, 15-23 mm long and 4-5 mm in diameter, with lanceolate sharp teeth. There are four bracts, they are several times shorter than the calyx. Petals pink, purple or almost white, fringed-multipartite, with filiform lobes, a beard of hairs and a greenish spot at the base of the plate. Stamens ten. There are two columns. The fruit is a capsule, oblong, opening with four teeth, slightly longer than the calyx. Blooms in June-July; in October there is often a secondary bloom. In culture since 1593. Can grow in partial shade.
Seedlings bloom in the second year, forming a rosette of leaves up to 10-12 cm in diameter by the end of the first year. Mass flowering lasts almost a month in June, slightly capturing the beginning of July. It bears fruit in July - August, giving abundant self-sowing. After flowering, the bushes weaken and winter poorly, short-lived, blooms weaker every year. With mass cultivation, self-sowing hides this drawback, as a result, thickets exist for a long time and bloom profusely, due to constantly changing plants. If the plant is not allowed to bear fruit, by the third year the curtain almost completely disappears. For curbs, rocky hills and carpet plantings. Good for cutting.
It varies greatly. Japanese botanists have described several varieties (Ohwi, 1965). A white-flowered form was found on Shikotan ( f. albifloraTatewaki). On Sakhalin and the Kuriles there is a form that is more intensely colored than in Europe.
variety mix "Lush"- when sown in the ground, it blooms the next year, when sown for seedlings in March - April, it blooms in the year of sowing. Height up to 35 cm, diameter of flowers 3 cm. A mixture of white, pink and purple flowers. The petals are strongly dissected, some plants have colored spots at the throat and veins of the petals.
In SakhKNII since 1961, grows in an open place on the ridges. Blooms in early July, blooms for about two months. In early September, mature seeds appear. Secondary flowering may occur in October. Plants increased in height to an average of 50 cm (from 40 to 67). Flower diameter 4.1-5.3 cm, smaller than most plants in nature. Easily propagated by seeds. Seedlings of epicotyl type. When sown before winter shoots were observed in early May. Plants go green in the winter.
In hot water since 1960 (from Sakhalin), grows on a rocky hill. Blossoms in June-July (23.VII, 10.VII and even 19.VI), there is a tendency to an earlier start of flowering. Blooms for about a month. Seeds ripen in August. Growing, forms a curtain. Plant height 30-50 cm, flower diameter up to 4.3 cm.
Cultivated plant (Pagey, 1932; Bailey, 1947; Dictionary of Gardening, 1956). Wyman (1971) suggests cultivating as a biennial plant. Sugawara (1937) recommends planting in pots and also notes it medicinal properties: used in folk medicine with gonorrhea, a decoction of the fruit - with diseases of the bladder, as a diuretic. According to the latest data, it is a strong uterine remedy that stimulates and increases the tone of the muscles of the uterus. It has a depressing effect on the central nervous system, intestinal motor function, has a spasmodic effect (Luzhinskiy, 1950; Zhelnovich et al., 1939 - see: Minaeva, 1970). Contains saponin. Carnations are obtained from fresh flowers essential oil for perfumery. Medonos (Vereshchagin et al., 1959).
An unpretentious frost- and winter-hardy plant that grows both on an ordinary garden agrobackground and on a lean substrate. A sunny location is required. good plant for rock gardens. Suitable for cutting.
In the steppe zone, the Eastern European D. squarrasus is occasionally found on the sands. Bieb. - G. splayed, which has short, stiff, bent down leaves.
Photo left Natalia Kashperova
Photo on the right
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Describing the leaves located on barren shoots, we note that their length is 1.5 - 3.5 cm, and their width is 1-2 mm. They are straight or sickle-shaped, linear, may be linear-lanceolate, rough to the touch from below. But the stem leaves are up to 2 cm long, tightly soldered at the base and up to 2 mm in size. The sand carnation has many generative shoots, and on their top we see large, exceptionally fragrant, white and solitary flowers. The shape of the calyx is cylindrical, 18-25 mm long, with pointed teeth and four bracts, ovoid in shape, with a small peak and a quarter covering the calyx.
Flower petals are white color, rarely pinkish. The petal plates are deeply fringed and divided into filiform lobes. On the upper side there are hairs and a greenish spot with purple dots. Nectarines are located in the depths of the flower itself in the form of a swelling at the base of the stamen filaments. Sand carnation flowers attract many pollinating insects. It should be noted that not all of them can get nectar from a deep flower tube. Basically, butterflies, and sometimes bumblebees, cope with this task. One flower, under favorable conditions, has a nectar productivity of 0.5 to 1.2 mg.
In cultivation, this plant has been around since 1732.
Growing sand cloves
Carnation sand is completely unpretentious and grows well on sandy soils, where there is a lot of sun. Doesn't like dampness. In May - June, seeds are planted for seedlings, and they can be sown not only in the nursery, but also directly into the ground. Transplantation of seedlings is carried out in September, and if they are grown in the ground, they are simply thinned out (the distance between them is 5 - 10 cm). The flowering period of the sandy carnation is June-July, and the fruiting period is July-August. This type of carnation belongs to decorative types, therefore it is widely used for ennobling and creating colored lawns. Bushes grow easily and quickly and create a dense turf. The plant is not whimsical at all, it has pronounced signs of xeromorphism, tk. even during a drought, it knows how to save water and does not reduce its productivity at all.
Spreading
Carnation sandy grows on the sands, in pine forests. Distributed throughout the European part of Russia (especially in the northwest), in Ciscaucasia and in the non-chernozem zone of central Russia. Occurs on the territory of St. Petersburg, Pargolovo and around Zelenogorsk. It has been known in the Moscow region since the 19th century.
Limiting factors
There is a sandy carnation not often, but forms huge clusters. Its number is constantly declining, as the plant falls under recreational influence. Deforestation of pine forests, overgrowth of edges and glades with shrubs, digging up sand carnations and, of course, collection in bouquets have a negative effect.
LATIN NAME:Dianthus arenarius
DESCRIPTION: European species, common in Russia in the European part and Ciscaucasia. AT Central Russia occurs mainly in the non-chernozem zone, occasionally to the south. Grows in pine forests, on the sands. Perennial, forming dense tufts, with barren, densely leafy, shortened basal shoots. Flowering stems are erect or ascending, 10-30 cm high, simple or sometimes branched at the top, glabrous, bluish or green. Leaves of barren shoots 1.5-3.5 cm long and 1-2 mm wide, linear or linear-lanceolate, straight or sickle-curved, rough below; stem leaves up to 2 cm long, soldered at the base into the vagina up to 2 mm long. Flowers fragrant, often solitary. Calyx cylindrical, 18-25 mm long, with pointed teeth; four bracts, ovate with a short cusp, covering a quarter of the calyx. Petals are white, rarely pinkish; their plate is deeply fringed - many-parted into filiform lobes, on the upper side with hairs, a greenish spot and purple dots. Flowering in June-July, fruiting in July-August. In culture since 1732.
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| Optimal Growing Conditions(location, soil, winter hardiness): | Location: |
They prefer a sunny location. |
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| The soil: | |
Grows well in dry soils. Does not tolerate dampness. |
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| Winter hardiness: | |
| Winter-hardy without shelter. | |
| Features of agricultural technology (landing and care): |
Care: |
The faded stems of all carnations are cut 10-15 cm from the surface of the earth. Then a complex mineral fertilizer is applied, watered, and the soil is loosened. About a month later, new shoots grow, and in the fall, secondary flowering sometimes begins. |
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| Reproduction: | |
Carnation sand Dianthus arenarius L. Clove family - Caryophyllaceae
Spreading:European upland species. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part and Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia, it occurs mainly in the non-chernozem zone (1). Recorded in all adjacent regions, except for Smolensk. In the Moscow region, it grows along the Oka valley forests in the Yegorievsk and Lukhovitsk districts (MW; 2–5). In the former Moscow province, it has been known since the middle of the 19th century, thanks to the only herbarium specimen M.A. Maksimovich, without specifying the location (MW; 6.7). Number and trends of its changeRare, but can form large aggregations. The number is declining as a result of recreational impact. Features of biology and ecologyperennial herbaceous plant with a woody strongly branching rhizome, usually with many shortened vegetative shoots, densely covered with narrow (up to 2 mm) linear leaves. Flowering stem 10-30 cm tall, bears one or more fragrant flowers with white petals, fringed-separated along the edge. Blooms in June-August. Seeds ripen from July. Reproduces vegetatively and by seeds. It grows on open pine forest sands, developing abundantly in bright places - on the edges, glades, juniper wastelands and clearings, often forming dense, up to 40 cm in diameter, clumps. Under the forest canopy, plants are found in smaller numbers (5). Limiting factorsFelling of pine forests, overgrowth of meadows and edges with shrubs, recreational impact, collection in bouquets and digging. Conservation Measures TakenListed in the Red Books of the regions: Kaluga (2006); Ryazan (2002) and Tver (2002), proposed for inclusion in the Red Book of the Tula region. On the territory of the Moscow region, it has been taken under protection since 1984. The habitats of the species are protected in one reserve (Lukhovitsky district) (8). Compliance with the protection regime of the reserve in which the species grows. Population control. Compliance with the collection ban. It is expedient to preserve the gene pool of the populations of the species near Moscow under cultural conditions. It is successfully bred in botanical gardens in Moscow, and is also used in flower beds as an ornamental plant. Sources of information1. Gubanov et al., 2003; 2. Lyubimova, 1957; 3. Key to plants Meshchera, 1986; 4. Tikhomirov, 1963; 5. Tikhomirov, 1969a; 6. Syreyshchikov, 1907; 7. Petunnikov, 1896; 8. Decision of the executive committees ..., 1984. Compiled by N.B. October. | |