Iris false herbaceous plants for open ground. Kasatik is a herbaceous plant for open ground. How and when to plant

Family: iris (Iridaceae).

Homeland: Europe Asia, North America, North Africa.

The form: perennial rhizomatous plants.

Description

Iris (iris) is a perennial herbaceous rhizome plant. However, there is a misconception among the people that irises are bulbous. The leaves of the iris (iris) are xiphoid, flat, thin, with a wax coating, most often collected in a fan-shaped bunch. The roots of irises are filamentous, fibrous, improve soil structure.

Iris flowers (iris) solitary or in few-flowered inflorescences, in certain types fragrant, distinguished by an elegant form and a rich range of diverse different shades, from pure white, yellow, blue to purple and almost black. The iris flower (iris) is large, consists of six (sometimes three) petal-like perianth lobes. The outer and inner lobes of the iris flower differ in shape, size and color. Garden irises (hybrid irises) and some others have multicellular hairs on the outer lobes - a “beard”. Iris (iris) blooms from May to June. Iris flowers (iris) bloom from one to five days.

Iris fruits are trihedral ribbed long boxes. Iris seeds are large, ribbed, light or dark brown, 25-45 pcs. in the seed box.

The varieties of irises are so diverse that you can easily create an entire garden of irises.

The most common types of irises:

bearded iris (I. barbata). It got its name because of the outer petals, the bases of which are decorated with stripes of hairs, often distinguished by a contrasting color against the general background of the flower. Bearded irises are divided into three groups according to the height of the peduncle: undersized, no more than 40 cm high; medium height, 41-70 cm high; tall, more than 70 cm high. The color of bearded iris flowers is different depending on the variety - blue, purple, bordered.

(I. ruthenia Ker-Gawler). Grows in low, dense tufts. Russian iris flowers are not large, pale lilac and violet-lilac, fragrant. Russian irises are suitable for rocky areas.

, Siberian iris (I. sibirica). Height is about 1 m. The flowers are purple-blue. Siberian iris is very hardy. The leaves of the Siberian iris are narrow-linear, light green, and remain until frost. Siberian iris and varieties of irises derived from it are combined into section Limniris. Irises of this group do not have a beard on the outer perianth lobes.

Marsh iris, marsh iris (false calamus, yellow iris) (I. pseudacorus). Can reach 1 m in height. The flowers are golden yellow with brown strokes, bloom in May-June. Marsh iris (yellow killer whale) is thermophilic, prefers sun or partial shade. Iris marsh (yellow) winter-hardy; spreads very quickly. Marsh iris (yellow) is used to decorate reservoirs (water depth up to 40 cm). Tolerates salinity.

Iris smooth (I. laevigata Fisch). Needs strong hydration. Iris smooth (iris smooth). Grows near water bodies.

Germanic iris (I. germanica) - iris with wide or narrow xiphoid leaves that persist until autumn. The flowers of the Germanic iris are large, on long (60-90 cm) peduncles. Flowering from May to the end of June. Germanic iris (Germanic iris) gives a good cut.

(I. pumila) is a miniature iris native to Southern Europe. Height up to 10 cm. Dwarf iris (dwarf iris), growing, forms small curtains. Blooms in May. The flowers are small and may have a variety of colors.

iris xiphoid , or iris kaempfer (I. ensata) - the most late flowering species of irises. The leaves are narrow, 30-40 cm high. The flowers of the xiphoid iris are flat with short inner and wide outer petals. The height of the peduncles is 60-70 cm.

Iris bristly (I. setosa). Very cold hardy. Recommended even for the far north.

Iris low , or iris low (I. humilis) - undersized iris, height 15-20 cm. Flowers are yellow or purple. Iris blooms low in May-June.

Iris (I. autiloba). The flowers are yellowish-white, black-brown, with a brown network of veins, strokes and dots.

Japanese iris (I. japonica). According to the size of the flower, Japanese irises are divided into small, medium, large and very large. According to the shape of the flower, simple, double, terry are distinguished. According to the height of the stem - very short, short, medium, high. By flowering time - very early, early, mid-flowering, late, very late. The flowers of the Japanese iris are purple-violet, of different shades. Reach large sizes. Weakly resistant.

Growing conditions

The iris plant prefers fertile soils. Most irises do not tolerate excess moisture and shading. Large doses of nitrogen cause plant diseases. Best of all, irises will grow on loamy soils with a neutral or slightly acid reaction (p-H 5-6).

Application

Since irises are very decorative, their use is wide. Often irises are planted near the shores of reservoirs. They are also used to create mono-flowers - iris gardens. Dwarf iris and Russian iris are planted on, in. Irises look very beautiful in combination with lupins, poppies, peonies, bristly phlox, sedum and saxifrage, as well as bulbs. However, keep in mind that irises are not very competitive, well-growing perennials easily suppress them. Combinations of irises that contrast in color are good, for example, dark irises are best planted against a background of light flowers.

Irises give a stable cut.

Landing and care

Before planting irises, the soil should be dug to a depth of at least 20 cm, humus, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen should be added. Fresh manure can be applied only a year before planting irises.

The most favorable time for planting irises in central Russia is the end of August - the beginning of September.

Care for irises after transplantation consists in weeding, loosening the soil, fertilizing and watering.

Irises must be replanted periodically, otherwise individual parts of the rhizomes will squeeze out to the surface, which will reduce the nutritional area and the irises may stop blooming, the leaves will become small and the decorative effect will decrease. Therefore, irises are transplanted every 3-5 years - garden irises and leafless iris, 6-8 years - Siberian iris, 8-10 years - yellow iris.

Some irises shelter for the winter.

reproduction

Reproduction of irises is possible by seeds and vegetatively. The seed method of propagation of irises is used only for hybridization, so it is difficult to find iris seeds. Irises bloom with seed propagation for 2-3 years.

Vegetative propagation of irises has become more widespread - this is an easier way to get flower stalks in the very first year after planting. This is how varietal irises and wild ones are propagated.

Iris delenki are planted shallow, superficial, slightly inclined, so that the bud is at the level of the soil, and the upper part of the rhizome is not covered with earth. If the rhizomes are too deep during planting, the irises may not bloom, and there is also a risk of disease or death of the plant. Divide and transplant the iris 2-4 weeks after flowering. Irises bloom luxuriantly in the third year after planting. You can buy iris seeds at garden centers, order irises by mail or online.

Diseases and pests

The most dangerous disease of irises is wet root rot caused by bacteria. The first symptoms of this disease are yellowing and drying of the leaves of irises in late spring. Then the disease affects the young shoots of irises, they grow weakly, turn yellow, turn brown and die.

Popular varieties

Garden varieties of irises are classified according to the shape, size, color of flowers, height and flowering time. The most common is the division of iris varieties according to the height of the peduncle.

Undersized irises are divided into two classes:

miniature dwarf bearded irises (height of peduncles up to 25 cm);

standard dwarf (height of peduncles 25-37 cm).

Medium-sized irises are divided into three classes:

early blooming irises (peduncles height 37-70 cm, flower diameter 7-12 mm);

miniature bearded irises (peduncles height 37-70 cm, flower diameter 5-7 mm);

border irises (peduncles height 37-70 cm, late flowering, flower diameter 7-12 mm).

All varieties of irises with a peduncle height above 70 cm and unlimited flower sizes are classified as standard tall bearded irises.

For growing under conditions middle lane The following varieties of irises of the Limniris group are recommended for Russia:

• white irises - ‘Snowcrest’,‘White Suprl’;

• blue-violet irises - ‘Tikun’, 'Caesar', ‘Emperor’;

• blue irises - 'Cambridge', ‘Mountain Lake’.

‘New Snow’- white iris with a yellow beard, large, fragrant, late flowering.

‘May Hall’. Unicolor, soft pink, large-flowered, fragrant, medium height.

‘Winners Sackle’. One-color iris of dark purple color with a white spot under the blue beard. Blooms profusely every year.

‘Irish Dream’. Single color light lemon yellow variety with a bright yellow beard.

‘Merion Maid’. Single color light blue with a slightly purple tint with a yellow beard. Very large flowers. Looks beautiful in the garden and in a bouquet.

Ask yourself experienced gardener about how many colors can keep their decorative look throughout the season, and he is unlikely to be able to list many plants at once. There are really few of them. Most people fill their garden according to this principle: when one fades, something else blooms next to it. And this change happens all the time. We recommend that you pay attention to this garden plant like astrantia. Planting and caring for her is extremely simple, and the sophisticated gorgeous appearance allows to use on any beds and in flower beds. With its help, you will create an amazing and many-sided landscape. So in our article we will talk about herbaceous astrantia for open ground.

Popular astrantia varieties

• Astrantia 'Abbey Road' - a variety with large reddish-purple inflorescences with dark purple wrappers. Height 45-60 cm. Blooms from mid to late summer. prefers sex shady places, but can also grow in full sun provided that they are sufficiently moistened. The plant is bright, juicy, expressive, a godsend for shady corners of the garden.
• Astrantia 'Buckland' - a variety with pale pink inflorescences against a background of silver-green wrappers. Blooms from June to September. Plant height 65-70 cm. It grows in the sun and in partial shade.
• Astrantia ‘Claret’ is a variety with wine-red inflorescences with transparent wrappers of the same color. Height is about 50-55 cm. It blooms for a very long time, from June to the end of September. It looks very nice in large groups under the trees. Prefers semi-shady and shady places. Can be grown as a container culture.
• Astrantia ‘Hadspen Blood’ is a powerful variety, tall (75-80 cm), blood-red inflorescences. It has a very long flowering - from late spring to late summer. Prefers light shade.
• Astrantia ‘Lars’ is a variety with dark red inflorescences with lighter wrappers. Blooms from June to late September. Prefers light shade. Height 55-70 cm.
• Astrantia ‘Moulin Rouge’ is a variety with inflorescences of a unique dark wine-red tone, wrappers even darker, almost black. Blooms from early to late summer. It can grow both in an open sunny place and in partial shade. In the shade, the color of the flowers becomes weaker.
• Astrantia 'Ruby Wedding' - a variety with dark red inflorescences. They bloom in early summer, flowering lasts until early autumn. Height 55-65 cm. Prefers moderate shade.

How to plant astrantia for seedlings

Astrantia can propagate by self-sowing, while there is a possibility of losing varietal characteristics, as the people say: transfer. Therefore, it is desirable to control this process. Note that the seeds varietal plants will not necessarily retain all varietal characteristics, but will also be interesting. You can sow a starfish before winter, and thin out the seedlings in the spring. True, in this case, we are not immune from any vagaries of nature, in case of late frosts we can be left without flowers.

This means that it is better to grow seedlings, especially since no special knowledge or skills are needed.

• Seeds need to be stratified (for the winter, put astrantia seeds in the vegetable box of the refrigerator), and in March, sow them in light soil, shallow.
• Water, keep the temperature around 22˚ C, keep under a transparent cover until the first shoots appear.
• Then put in a very lighted place, moisten the substrate, after the appearance of a couple of leaves, the seedlings must be thinned out.
• After a couple of weeks, we dive the seedlings into separate pots, make sure that there are no stable drafts, two weeks before planting in the ground, we begin to harden.
• As soon as we can leave the seedlings at the place of hardening for a day, they are ready for planting.

Vegetative propagation of astrantia

It can take place in two ways: by dividing the mother bush and by small segments of the rhizome. In the first case, the dates are spring and autumn, and in the second, only until the moment of awakening and the beginning of the plant's vegetation. In specialized stores, rhizomes are most often sold. different varieties. Astrantia, planting and caring for which will take a little time, reproduces well in this way, the survival rate is high. The only point worth paying attention to is the root system. Before buying a plant, carefully inspect the rhizome if it is open. If the astrantia is in a container, then take a look at the leaves, they should be bright, with normal turgor, without signs of damage. When buying rhizomes in the spring, you can plant them immediately in the ground, if it is winter outside, then use small containers with light and nutritious soil.

What time to plant astrantia in open ground

As a rule, plant astrantia seedlings in open ground, recommended in the last days of May or the first - June. For landing, both a well-lit area, and located in a small shade of trees, are suitable. The soil must be necessarily nutritious and loose, and its composition can be almost any.

How to properly plant astrantia

There is absolutely nothing complicated in planting and caring for such flowers. When planting between bushes, a distance of 0.3 to 0.4 m should be observed. It should be noted that after planting, the plant should be at the same level at which it grew in a pot. The soil should be compacted around the planted plants, and then they are very well watered. Astrantia grown through seedlings begins flowering after 3 years.

Astrant Care

Care for astrantia in the open field comes down to dosed periodic watering, loosening the soil and timely top dressing. Loosening the soil around the roots of the perennial should be carried out as carefully as possible so as not to damage the delicate root system. Watering the plant should be carried out periodically, preventing the soil from drying out in the beds, but without overflow.

Advice! For long-term flowering of astrantia, it is necessary to cut out faded flower stalks in a timely manner.

AT winter period caring for astrantia consists in warming the bushes wintering in the open ground with spruce branches. In early spring, with the onset of heat, the spruce branches should be removed, preventing the bushes from drying out.

Fertilizer and top dressing of astrantia

Growing astrantia requires fertilization. It is recommended to apply complex fertilizer once in the spring, then flowering will last longer.

Perennial plants in open ground can be sprayed with a solution of trace elements, making foliar top dressings on green foliage. When planting astrantia in the soil, you can apply long-acting phosphorus fertilizers.

Pruning astrantia

Astrantia pruning is carried out at the end of flowering. The plant itself is not aggressive, but can easily spread by self-seeding. Therefore, it is better to cut the inflorescences so that the asterisk does not crowd out other plants.

Diseases and pests of astrantia

Zvezdovka is also notable for the fact that it is resistant to diseases and pests. But too frequent watering and constant stagnant water can lead to fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew. In this case, you can use fungicides, after cutting off the affected areas. Astrantia is suitable for any climate and any soil. Unpretentiousness in care and disease resistance make the starfish almost an ideal perennial.

It is important to know that in addition to the fact that astrantia will be unpretentious, but very ornamental plant in the garden, it can be used in folk medicine. If there is a need to cleanse the body in case of various poisonings, then a decoction can be prepared from the roots and other parts of the plant, which will help to do this.

What flower is called iris? Probably, many people ask this question when they hear the unusually affectionate name of the plant. Iris is a flower that is widespread on all continents and is better known as "iris".

So they began to call it in honor of the radiant and beautiful goddess Irida, who descended along a multi-colored rainbow to bring people news from the terrible gods.

Flower from the past: killer whale

What flower in ancient times was an exquisite decoration of the estates of the pharaohs? Which flower is depicted in the fresco, which is 4000 years old? Which flower is named after "rainbow"? light hand Greek physician Hippocrates? From the petals of which flower in the territory of Armenia and Azerbaijan they prepare the most delicious jam?

Iris (otherwise iris). Flower (photo), medicinal properties which were appreciated folk medicine and were used for snake bites, getting rid of coughs and indigestion. Extracts from the root of the plant are used in winemaking, the perfume industry and the preparation of some confectionery. In ancient Egypt, fabric dyes were produced on the basis of irises.

What flower is called iris?

Iris is considered a symbolic flower. In Japan, magical amulets for boys are made from it, instilling courage and protecting them from diseases. The ancient one tells of a certain girl whom the Japanese considered cursed by the gods for the light color of her hair. Walking one day all alone, the girl came across an amazing flower and, deciding not to part with such beauty, dug it up and took it with her. At home, she prepared a decoction from it, with which she washed her hair.

Hair has acquired a golden hue. The villagers, seeing such a striking change, considered that God's grace descended on the girl, so the sun gilded her head. Since then, the iris in Japan has been considered the messenger of the gods and has taken its rightful place in the imperial garden. Its leaves are even used in the preparation of some national dishes of the Land of the Rising Sun, and in the Middle Ages, officials wore wigs made from iris leaves. What flower is called iris in another way? What does a killer whale look like? What is another name for the iris flower? Based on the above, it becomes quite clear that the common people call iris such an affectionate nickname.

External characteristics

Today, iris is a flower that is actively used in landscape design. Thanks to its amazing attractiveness, an incredible variety of varieties and ease of care, it has gained great popularity among flower growers. Iris flowers are characterized by the versatility of colors: white, black, yellow. Breeding science has achieved not only elegance of forms and a more pronounced aroma, but also a combination of two or more shades in one flower. Iris stems are tall (up to 150 cm) erect flower stalks, branched in the upper part. Each of them has from 7 to 9 large flowers, single or combined into inflorescences. The flowers do not have petals and sepals, they are a tubular perianth, divided into 6 bent lobes: three fused inner lobes form a kind of tube, three outer ones are somewhat turned downwards and are most often painted in a different tone. The inflorescence usually blooms in 2-3 buds. The maximum life span of one flower is 5 days.

Rhizomes are superficial, fleshy, rapidly growing, with outgoing cord-like or filiform fibrous roots.

They consist of separate links, each of which represents an annual growth with the necessary supply of substances required for the development of all parts of the plant: leaves, buds, peduncles and replacing lateral buds. The rhizomes contain valuable oil; species with the largest amount are used in the manufacture of perfumery products. The leaves are xiphoid, fleshy, flat, with a wax coating; usually collected in fan-shaped bunches.

The fruit is a three-celled capsule. The life span of the exquisite, unpretentious plant is 10-13 years, although the death of the roots occurs annually.

Growing conditions

Kasatik - a flower that prefers to grow in well-lit areas, is tolerant of shade. The most optimal are slightly acidic and neutral soils. Only some types of irises take root on wet lands (for example, Kaempfer's iris and Bearded varieties love loose soil, cannot tolerate constant dampness and grow well on slopes. It is recommended to plant irises at a distance of at least half a meter from each other; dwarf varieties can be placed closer.

Not required for growing irises a large number fertilizers and abundant watering; almost all varieties are frost-resistant. In all its glory, the plants appear from mid-May. In July, the flowering period ends. With the right selection of varieties and their combination, irises will deliver aesthetic pleasure for 2 months.

Features of care

One of the factors of quality care is the loosening of the soil, which is necessary to ensure oxygen access to the roots. This operation must be carried out very carefully so as not to damage the roots close to the surface. It is advisable to feed the iris with mineral preparations in the spring, during the period of bud setting and in August, before laying the flower buds of the next year. Nitrogen can be added to the first top dressing, subsequent ones can be carried out with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. The introduction of fresh organic matter by gardeners is not recommended.

reproduction

by the most in a simple way reproduction is the division of the rhizome, which is best done at the end of flowering or in early September, when young rhizomes are already formed.

You should not wait until late autumn, as the plant should have time to take root before the soil freezes. With spring division, blooming flowers will have to be admired only next year. For this method breeding should choose a well-developed bush. After division, each part should have a piece of rhizome and leaves. Slices need to be dried, powdered with crushed charcoal, in order to avoid decay. Before planting, the underground part should be dipped in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for about a quarter of an hour, and the leaves should be cut in half.

Breeding of new varieties is carried out by the seed method, but in this case, the plants bloom in the 2-3rd year.

Kasatik in landscape design

Irises, characterized by a superficial rhizome, are excellent neighbors for any shrubs with deep roots: spirea, roses, rough deutsia, coniferous plants, easily get along with peonies.

Low-growing varieties look original as a curb along the paths, as well as in compositions among large stones. Irises are attractive in group plantings, go well with annual plants and tall varieties are often used to frame ponds. For shallow water, swamp irises are most applicable, and Japanese and Siberian representatives can be seated along the banks. Irises look impressive in iridariums - flower beds designed exclusively for their cultivation.

Diseases and pests

Irises are quite resistant to pests and diseases. They can be affected by root rot if they grow in constantly moist soils. It is not difficult to cure a plant: it is enough to dig it up, cut off the rot, disinfect it in potassium permanganate or a special anti-rot preparation and plant it in dry soil.

From garden pests, iris can be affected by gladiolus thrips or aphids. Infected plants look oppressed, cease to bloom. You can get rid of the pest by using the drug "Confidor" according to the instructions.

What flower has the second name "iris"? The above information fully explains this issue, and also talks about the features of growing and caring for such an attractive and unpretentious plant.