Leonardo da Vinci bionics. The importance of bionics in our life. Examples of bionics in architecture. Scientific and artistic approach

Bionics(from Greek. bion- an element of life, literally - living), a science that borders between biology and technology, solving engineering problems based on modeling the structure and life of organisms.

More recently, the science of bionics was born (in 1960), the purpose of which is to help a person to adopt the "secrets" from living nature. Nature has created unusually perfect living mechanisms. Scientists are attracted by the speed and principle of movement of dolphins, whales, squids, spiders, moles, kangaroos, the art of flight of birds and insects, the peculiarities of the organs of vision of flies, frogs, the organs of hearing of jellyfish, the "secrets" of bat echolocators, rattlesnake thermolocators, etc. etc.

Bionics has found application in such areas as aircraft and shipbuilding, astronautics, mechanical engineering, architecture, navigation instrumentation, mining, etc.

Bionics in construction and industry

Let us consider some concrete achievements of bionics, which have already been realized for practical purposes.

Penguins move by sliding on the snow, pushing off with flippers. The snowmobile was designed on the same principle. at the Gorky Polytechnic Institute. Lying on the snow with a wide bottom, it does not form a rut, does not slip and does not get stuck.

Shipbuilders around the world have long drawn attention to the pear-shaped head of the whale, which is more adapted to moving in the water than the knife-shaped noses of modern ships. Compared to conventional ships, the whale steamer proved to be more economical.

Cone-shaped forms are found in the designs of crowns and trunks of trees, mushrooms. It is this form that coal mining combines have. This is the optimal shape to resist wind loads and gravity. Architects often use cone-shaped structures (Ostankino television tower.)

The structures created by nature are much more perfect than what a person can do so far.

The world of animals living underground is rich and diverse. earthworms, moles have amazing adaptations with which they lay underground passages.

They are of great interest in the creation of underground digging units. For example, an original model has been developed, which, moving underground like a mole, breaks through a tunnel with smooth dense walls.

Bionics took from amphibians the principle of the structure of the hind limb. By embodying this in such an object as flippers.

These are just a small number of examples of how humans apply biological models. But animals also have many other properties that are used, or can be used by humans: ultrasonic vision of bats, echolocation of dolphins (at a distance of 20–30 m, a dolphin accurately indicates the place where a pellet with a diameter of 4 mm fell).

It is impossible to say exactly when the science of bionics was born, because mankind has always drawn inspiration from nature, it is known, for example, that about 3 thousand years ago attempts were made to copy the creation of silk, as insects do. Of course, such attempts cannot be called developments, only after they appeared modern technologies, the person introduced herself quite real opportunity to copy natural ideas, to reproduce artificially in a few hours everything that is born in natural conditions for years. For example, scientists are able to grow synthetic stones that are not inferior to natural ones in beauty and purity, in particular, as an analogue to diamonds.

The most famous visual embodiment of bionics is the Eiffel Tower in Paris. This construction was based on the study of the femur, which, as it turned out, consisted of small bones. They help to ideally distribute the weight, so the femoral head can withstand a large load. The same principle was used to create eiffel tower.

Perhaps the most famous "" bionics, who made a huge contribution to its development, is Leonardo da Vinci. For example, he watched the flight of a dragonfly, and then tried to transfer its movements when creating an aircraft.

The significance of bionics for other scientific fields

Not everyone accepts bionics as a science, considering it to be knowledge born at the junction of several disciplines, while the concept of bionics itself is broad, it covers several scientific areas. In particular, these are genetic engineering, design, medical and biological electronics.

One could speak of its exclusively applied character, but modern software makes it possible to model and translate into reality all kinds of natural solutions, and therefore the study and comparison of natural phenomena with human capabilities is increasingly relevant. When creating modern robotics, engineers are increasingly turning to bionic scientists for help. After all, it is robots that will make it much easier for a person in the future, and for this they must be able to move correctly, think, predict, analyze, etc. So, scientists from Stanford University created a robot based on observations of cockroaches, their invention is not only agile and organic but also very functional. In the near future, this robot may become indispensable assistant for those who cannot move independently.

With the help of bionics, it will be possible to create colossal technological developments in the future. Now a person will need only a few years to create an analogue of natural phenomena, while nature itself will spend millennia on this.

Bionics slogan: "Nature knows best." What kind of science is this? The very name and such a motto make us understand that bionics is connected with nature. Many of us daily encounter the elements and results of the activity of the science of bionics, without even knowing it.

Have you heard of such a science as bionics?

Biology is a popular knowledge that we are introduced to at school. For some reason, many believe that bionics is one of the subsections of biology. In fact, this statement is not entirely accurate. Indeed, in the narrow sense of the word, bionics is a science that studies living organisms. But more often than not, we are accustomed to associate something else with this teaching. Applied bionics is a science that combines biology and technology.

Subject and object of bionic research

What does bionics study? To answer this question, it is necessary to consider the structural division of the doctrine itself.

biological bionics explores nature as it is, without attempting to interfere. The object of its study are the processes occurring inside

Theoretical bionics is engaged in the study of those principles that were noticed in nature, and on their basis creates a theoretical model, which is further applied in technologies.

Practical (technical) bionics is the application of theoretical models in practice. So to speak, the practical introduction of nature into the technical world.

Where did it all start?

The father of bionics is called the great Leonardo da Vinci. In the records of this genius, one can find the first attempts at the technical embodiment of natural mechanisms. Da Vinci's drawings illustrate his desire to create an aircraft capable of moving its wings like a bird in flight. At one time, such ideas were too bold to be in demand. They forced to draw attention to themselves much later.

The first to apply the principles of bionics in architecture was Antoni Gaudí i Curnet. His name is firmly imprinted in the history of this science. The architectural structures designed by the great Gaudi were impressive at the time of their construction, and they cause the same delight many years later among modern observers.

The next one who supported the idea of ​​symbiosis of nature and technology was Under his leadership, the widespread use of bionic principles in the design of buildings began.

The assertion of bionics as an independent science occurred only in 1960 at a scientific symposium in Daytona.

The development of computer technology and mathematical modeling allow modern architects to embody nature's hints in architecture and other industries much faster and with greater accuracy.

Natural prototypes of technical inventions

by the most simple example manifestation of the science of bionics is the invention of hinges. A familiar mount based on the principle of rotation of one part of the structure around another. This principle is used seashells, in order to control its two doors and open or close them as needed. Pacific giant cockles reach sizes of 15-20 cm. The hinge principle in connecting their shells is clearly visible to the naked eye. Small representatives of this species use the same method of fixing the valves.

In everyday life, we often use a variety of tweezers. The sharp and tick-like beak of the godwit becomes a natural analogue of such a device. These birds use a thin beak, sticking it into soft soil and taking out small beetles, worms and so on.

Many modern appliances and fixtures are equipped with suction cups. For example, they are used to improve the design of the legs of various kitchen appliances in order to prevent them from slipping during operation. Also, special shoes for window cleaners of high-rise buildings are equipped with suction cups to ensure their safe fixation. This simple device is also borrowed from nature. The tree frog, having suckers on its feet, unusually deftly keeps on smooth and slippery leaves of plants, and the octopus needs them for close contact with its victims.

Many such examples can be found. Bionics is just the science that helps a person to borrow technical solutions from nature for his inventions.

Who is first - nature or people?

Sometimes it happens that this or that invention of mankind has long been “patented” by nature. That is, inventors, when creating something, do not copy, but come up with the technology or the principle of operation themselves, and later it turns out that this has existed in nature for a long time, and one could simply peep and adopt it.

This happened with the usual Velcro, which is used by a person to fasten clothes. It has been proven that hooks, similar to those found on Velcro, are also used to connect thin beards to each other.

In the structure of factory pipes, there is an analogy with the hollow stems of cereals. The longitudinal reinforcement used in the pipes is similar to the sclerenchyma bands in the stem. Steel stiffening rings - interstices. The thin skin on the outside of the stem is an analogue of the spiral reinforcement in the structure of pipes. Despite the colossal similarity of the structure, scientists independently invented just such a method of building factory pipes, and only later saw the identity of such a structure with natural elements.

Bionics and medicine

The use of bionics in medicine makes it possible to save the lives of many patients. Incessantly, work is underway to create artificial organs capable of functioning in symbiosis with the human body.

The first was lucky enough to test the Dane Dennis Aabo. He lost half of his arm, but now he has the ability to perceive objects by touch using the invention of physicians. His prosthesis is connected to the nerve endings of the injured limb. Artificial finger sensors are able to collect information about touching objects and transmit it to the brain. The design has not yet been finalized at the moment, it is very bulky, which makes it difficult to use it in everyday life, but even now this technology can be called a real discovery.

All research in this direction is completely based on copying natural processes and mechanisms and their technical implementation. This is medical bionics. Reviews of scientists say that soon their works will make it possible to change worn-out living human organs and use mechanical prototypes instead. This will indeed be the greatest breakthrough in medicine.

Bionics in architecture

Architectural and building bionics is a special branch of bionic science, the task of which is the organic reunification of architecture and nature. Recently, more and more often, when designing modern structures, they turn to bionic principles borrowed from living organisms.

Today, architectural bionics has become a separate architectural style. It was born from a simple copying of forms, and now the task of this science has become to adopt principles, organizational features and technically implement them.

Sometimes this architectural style is called eco-style. This is because the basic rules of bionics are:

• search for optimal solutions;
• the principle of saving materials;
• the principle of maximum environmental friendliness;
• energy saving principle.

As you can see, bionics in architecture is not only impressive forms, but also advanced technologies that allow you to create a structure that meets modern requirements.

Characteristics of architectural bionic structures

Based on past experience in architecture and construction, we can say that all human structures are fragile and short-lived if they do not use the laws of nature. Bionic buildings, in addition to amazing shapes and bold architectural solutions, have durability, the ability to withstand adverse natural phenomena and cataclysms.

In the exterior of buildings built in this style, elements of reliefs, shapes, and contours can be seen, skillfully copied by design engineers from living, natural objects and masterfully embodied by architects and builders.

If suddenly, when contemplating an architectural object, it seems that you are looking at a work of art, with a high probability you have a building in the bionic style. Examples of such structures can be seen in almost all capitals of countries and large technologically advanced cities of the world.

Construction of the new millennium

Back in the 90s, a Spanish team of architects created a building project based on a completely new concept. This is a 300-storey building, the height of which will exceed 1200 m. It is planned that the movement along this tower will take place with the help of four hundred vertical and horizontal elevators, the speed of which is 15 m/s. The country that agreed to sponsor this project was China. The most densely populated city, Shanghai, was chosen for construction. The implementation of the project will solve the demographic problem of the region.

The tower will have a fully bionic structure. Architects believe that only this can ensure the strength and durability of the structure. The prototype of the structure is a cypress tree. The architectural composition will have not only cylindrical shape, similar to a tree trunk, but also "roots" - a new kind of bionic foundation.

The outer covering of the building is a plastic and breathable material that imitates the bark of a tree. The air conditioning system of this vertical city will be analogous to the heat-regulating function of the skin.

According to the forecasts of scientists and architects, such a building will not remain the only one of its kind. After successful implementation, the number of bionic structures in the architecture of the planet will only increase.

Bionic buildings around us

In what famous creations was the science of bionics used? Examples of such structures are easy to find. Take at least the process of creating the Eiffel Tower. For a long time there were rumors that this 300-meter symbol of France was built according to the drawings of an unknown Arab engineer. Later, its complete analogy with the structure of the human tibia was revealed.

In addition to the Eiffel Tower, there are many examples of bionic structures all over the world:

• erected by analogy with the lotus flower.
• Beijing National Opera House - imitation of a water drop.
• Swimming complex in Beijing. Outwardly repeats crystal structure water grids. amazing design solution combines the useful ability of the structure to accumulate solar energy and subsequently use it to power all electrical appliances operating in the building.
• Skyscraper "Aqua" looks like a stream of falling water. Located in Chicago.
• The house of the founder of architectural bionics, Antonio Gaudí, is one of the first bionic structures. To this day he has retained his aesthetic value and remains one of the most popular tourist sites in Barcelona.

The knowledge everyone needs

Summing up, we can safely say: everything that bionics studies is relevant and necessary for the development of modern society. Everyone should become familiar with the scientific principles of bionics. Without this science, it is impossible to imagine technological progress in many areas of human activity. Bionics is our future in complete harmony with nature.

Create a model in bionics- that's half the battle. To solve a specific practical problem, it is necessary not only to check the availability of model properties that are of interest to practice, but also to develop methods for calculating predetermined technical characteristics of the device, and to develop synthesis methods that ensure the achievement of the indicators required in the task.

And so many bionic models, before they receive a technical embodiment, begin their life on a computer. A mathematical description of the model is built. According to it, a computer program is compiled - bionic model. On such a computer model, it is possible to process various parameters in a short time and eliminate design flaws.

That's right, based on software modeling, as a rule, analyze the dynamics of the functioning of the model; As for the special technical construction of the model, such works are undoubtedly important, but their target load is different. The main thing in them is to find the best basis on which the necessary properties of the model can be recreated most efficiently and most accurately. Accumulated in bionics practical experience modeling extremely complex systems is of general scientific importance. A huge number of its heuristic methods, which are absolutely necessary in works of this kind, are already widely used to solve important problems in experimental and technical physics, economic problems, problems in the design of multistage branched communication systems, and so on.

Today, bionics has several directions.

Architectural and building bionics studies the laws of formation and structure formation of living tissues, analyzes the structural systems of living organisms on the principle of saving material, energy and ensuring reliability. Neurobionics studies the functioning of the brain, explores the mechanisms of memory. The sense organs of animals, the internal mechanisms of reaction to environment both in animals and plants.

A vivid example of architectural and construction bionics is a complete analogy of the structure of cereal stems and modern high-rise buildings. The stems of cereal plants are able to withstand heavy loads and at the same time not break under the weight of the inflorescence. If the wind bends them to the ground, they quickly restore their vertical position. What is the secret? It turns out that their structure is similar to the design of modern high-rise factory pipes - one of the latest achievements of engineering. Both designs are hollow. Sclerenchyma strands of the plant stem play the role of longitudinal reinforcement. The internodes of the stems are stiffening rings. Along the walls of the stem there are oval vertical voids. The pipe walls have the same design solution. The role of the spiral armature located at the outer side of the pipe in the stem of cereal plants is played by a thin skin. However, the engineers came to their constructive solution on their own, without "looking" into nature. The identity of the structure was revealed later.

In recent years, bionics has confirmed that most human inventions are already "patented" by nature. Such an invention of the twentieth century, like zippers and Velcro, was made on the basis of the structure of a bird's feather. Feather barbs of various orders, equipped with hooks, provide reliable grip.

Famous Spanish architects M. R. Cervera and J. Ploz, active adherents of bionics, began research on “dynamic structures” in 1985, and in 1991 organized the “Society for the Support of Innovations in Architecture”. A group under their leadership, which included architects, engineers, designers, biologists and psychologists, developed the project "Vertical Bionic Tower City". In 15 years, a tower city should appear in Shanghai (according to scientists, in 20 years the population of Shanghai can reach 30 million people). The tower city is designed for 100 thousand people, the project is based on the "principle of the construction of a tree."

The city tower will be in the form of a cypress 1128 m high with a girth at the base of 133 by 100 m, and at the widest point 166 by 133 m. The tower will have 300 floors, and they will be located in 12 vertical blocks of 80 floors. Between the quarters there are ceiling-screeds, which play the role of a supporting structure for each level-quarter. Inside the quarters - houses of different heights with vertical gardens. This carefully thought-out design is similar to the structure of the branches and the entire crown of a cypress. The tower will stand on a pile foundation according to the principle of an accordion, which does not deepen, but develops in all directions as it climbs - similar to how the root system of a tree develops. Wind vibrations of the upper floors are minimized: air easily passes through the tower structure. For facing the tower, a special plastic material will be used that imitates the porous surface of the skin. If the construction is successful, it is planned to build several more such building-cities.

In architectural and building bionics, much attention is paid to new building technologies. For example, in the field of development of efficient and waste-free building technologies, a promising direction is the creation of layered structures. The idea is borrowed from deep-sea mollusks. Their strong shells, such as those of the widespread abalone, consist of alternating hard and soft plates. When a hard plate cracks, the deformation is absorbed by the soft layer and the crack does not go any further. This technology can also be used to cover cars.

The main areas of neurobionics are the study of the nervous system of humans and animals and the modeling of nerve cells-neurons and neural networks. This makes it possible to improve and develop electronic and computer technology.

The nervous system of living organisms has a number of advantages over the most modern analogues invented by man:

Flexible perception of external information, regardless of the form in which it comes (handwriting, font, color, timbre, etc.).

High reliability: technical systems break down if one or more parts break down, and the brain remains functional even if several hundred thousand cells die.

Miniature. For example, a transistor device with the same number of elements as the human brain would occupy a volume of about 1000 m3, while our brain occupies a volume of 1.5 dm3.

Economy of energy consumption - the difference is simply obvious.

A high degree of self-organization - a quick adaptation to new situations, to changes in activity programs.

Eiffel Tower and tibia

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution, a world exhibition was organized in Paris. On the territory of this exhibition, it was planned to erect a tower that would symbolize both the greatness of the French Revolution and the latest achievements of technology. More than 700 projects were submitted to the competition, the project of bridge engineer Alexander Gustave Eiffel was recognized as the best. At the end of the 19th century, the tower, named after its creator, struck the whole world with its openwork and beauty. The 300-meter tower has become a kind of symbol of Paris. There were rumors that the tower was built according to the drawings of an unknown Arab scientist. And only after more than half a century, biologists and engineers made an unexpected discovery: the design of the Eiffel Tower exactly repeats the structure of the tibia, which easily withstands the weight of the human body. Even the angles between the bearing surfaces match. This is another prime example bionics In action.

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INTRODUCTION

BIONICS - direction in biology and cybernetics; studies the features of the structure and life of organisms in order to create new devices, mechanisms, systems and improve existing ones.

Man often learns from nature, creating tools and devices that nature has used over the years, honing his skills in the process of evolution. We often use tools such as pliers, hammers, combs, brushes and more and do not think about how they appeared. Originally this creator was nature. It is she who has many tools, only they are made even better, better and more accurate than the tools of technology. They are not made of metal, but, for example, of chitin, like insects. Studying science - Bionics - questions arose. How many people know about this science? And what devices and tools created by nature do we use at home? Can a person do without these tools?

Hypothesis: We assumed that a person often uses in his Everyday life tools created by nature, and cannot do without them.

Objective: The study of tools located in the apartment of the average statistical family.

Research objectives:

1. Look at the variety of tools in the apartment and explore how nature originally used this object.
2. Determine for what purposes the tools are used and whether it is possible to do without them.
3. Conduct a survey among students on the knowledge of science - BIONICS, the objects of its study and the application of knowledge in practice.
4. Creation of a brochure to familiarize students with science - BIONICS.

Object of study:tools used by man.

Subject of study: knowledge about nature used by man when creating tools.

Research methods: sociological survey, study of tools used by man, creation of a brochure.

LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 Science - BIONICS - was formed in the second half of the 20th century. Bionics - "BIOLOGY" and "TECHNIQUE", which means "to learn from nature the technology of tomorrow", which will bring greater benefits to man and nature than the technology that exists today. (Internet resource)

Bionics has a symbol: a crossed scalpel, a soldering iron and an integral sign.

BIONICS is a science bordering between biology and technology, solving engineering problems based on modeling the structure and life of an organism

With the development of aviation, aircraft have also improved. However, flutter was a terrible scourge of high-speed aviation for a long time - vibrations of the wings that suddenly appear at a certain speed, which led to the fact that the most durable aircraft structures fell apart in the air in a few seconds. After numerous accidents, the designers learned to deal with this disaster: the wings began to be made with a thickening at the end. And only then they found exactly the same chitinous thickenings at the ends of the wings of butterflies.

By observing crustaceans and how they grab with their claws, scientists came up with convenient medical clamps that are still in use today.

Modeling the body of a jellyfish that captures infrasounds made it possible to create a technical device that warns many hours in advance of the onset of a storm and indicates the direction from which it will come.

The streamlined shape of the shark and its external structure became the prototype of modern submarines. Squid, taking water into itself, pushes it out with force. It helps him move high speed. This principle was applied by man to create jet engine [ 2 ].

During the flight, the bat is guided by the reflection of sound waves continuously created by it. The location apparatus of mice is more accurate than man-made radios and sonars.

Gustave Eiffel in 1889 built a drawing of the Eiffel Tower. This structure is considered one of the earliest clear examples of the use of bionics in engineering. Hermann von Meyer examined the bone structure of the femoral head at the point where it curves and angles into the joint.

2. EXPERIMENTAL

Object of study:science - BIONICS.

2.1Conducting a sociological survey

To conduct a school sociological survey, 8 questions with a choice of answers were compiled (Appendix 1.).

The survey was conducted among students from the 5th to the 9th grade. There are 126 respondents in total. Survey results table No. 1 (Appendix 2.)

The first question revealed the concept of science itself - bionics. According to the wording of the question, almost all students oriented correctly, answering it - 95.5%. Although many claimed that they had no idea what this science was studying. We revealed the concept - BIONICS, and then continued to answer questions. The fifth graders coped the worst of all - 63.8%, and the 9th graders answered best of all - 93%. This speaks of a large baggage of knowledge gained over 9 years of schooling. But according to the answers (Appendix 2. Table No. 2), you can follow and see that for everyone the easiest question was No. 5, almost everyone answered correctly. And also the most difficult question was number 8. Only 9 - ki, many were able to answer it correctly, as they studied human anatomy in full.

2.2 The study of tools used by man.

2.2.1Tool: Combined pliers(Appendix 3. Table No. 1)

natural object: Antlion mites- Ant lion feeds on insect larvae. He breaks funnels in the sand, if an ant falls into this trap, then the ant lion throws sand after him, thereby preventing him from getting back. In doing so, he uses his tongs as a sand scoop. As it sucks out the contents of its prey, it ejects the empty shell from the funnel. Antlion mites can pour sand, grab prey and bite into it; they act as a syringe, a small suction pump, or a throwing tool. Thus, they represent a type of combined mites with six functions.[ 1 ]

Tool usage: Most often, when working, pliers are used that can perform four functions. Their gripping ends have grooved contact surfaces and can therefore, for example, hold sheet metal. In the notch of these pliers there are teeth that allow you to rotate the tube. From the sides, the bends of the tool intersect, and this makes it possible to cut the wire. They can also hammer nails.

Conclusion: Combination pliers are easy to use, as they replace several tools.

2.2.2 Tool:Tweezers(Appendix 3. Table No. 2)

natural object: Godwit- a large sandpiper from the snipe family with a very long beak and long legs. With their long 15 cm beak, they feel the ground, sticking it into soft soil. At the same time, the tip of the beak of the bird opens and closes at the right time. Thus, it is easy for her to grab small worms and other prey.

The beak is a combined instrument. Before capturing food, the beak is compressed and serves as a picking and searching tool. Only deep in the ground, it opens like two wings of tweezers, performing in this case the function of a precisely working grasping mechanism.[ 1 ]

Tool use: The sharp ends of the tweezers easily penetrate upper layer items. By squeezing both halves of the tweezers with your fingers, you can capture even the smallest objects. If you release them, the tweezers will open and release the object.

Conclusion: Tweezers are necessary for working with small objects, since human fingers cannot accurately manipulate such objects.

2.2.3Tool:Jackknife(Appendix 2. Table No. 3)

Natural object:Dung-beetle lives in soft ground and manure. For his advancement, he uses special shoulder blades that are on his lower leg. When the beetle does not need them, it can place its leg in the groove of the lower leg and then insert the lower leg into the thigh niche. Thus, its tools are placed, saving space.[ 1 ]

Tool usage:Jackknife consists of many separate parts: large and small blades, scissors, corkscrew, bottle opener, screwdriver, toothpick, etc. all these elements are placed in a small space. Such a knife can be put in a pants pocket without getting hurt. Thus, man has developed a whole space-saving system, as did the little dung beetle with its digging blades.

Conclusion: Folding knife can hold several different tools, while being very compact and takes up little space.

2.2.4Tool:Drills(Appendix 3. Table No. 4)

Natural object:Oconiferous horntail sa. The ovipositor of the large coniferous horntail wasp, when preparing to lay eggs, it crawls along the branch to the very trunk of the tree,

turns the back of its body towards it, releases the ovipositor from it and sets it comfortably. The insect "drills" the smallest holes in the tree to a depth of about two centimeters. If the tree is coniferous, it will take about 20 minutes. When the hole is ready, the wasp places the eggs through its long hollow ovipositor like a drill.[ 1 ]

Tool usage: In order to drill holes for dowels, bolts and screws, drills are used, which in appearance and principle of operation are similar to the ovipositor of the large coniferous horntail wasp. Unlike the ovipositor of the large coniferous horntail wasp, technical drills perform only one function - they can only drill.

Conclusion: A drill is essential and very handy for drilling holes in various building materials(wood, concrete, metal).

2.2.5Tool:Velcro fastener(Appendix 3. Table No. 5)

Natural object:Burdock. Burdock fruits show how necessary, there are hooks. In burdock fruits, there are many ways for the seeds to be dispersed by the plants themselves. Its fruits, which have over 200 hooks, are attached to animal fur. Animals carry them with them and then shake them off.[ 1 ]

Tool usage: With their help, you can, for example, fasten sports shoes; in this case, laces are no longer needed. In addition, the length can be easily adjusted - this is one of its advantages.

Conclusion: Velcro is very comfortable. Saves time for fastening shoes and clothes, etc. Even a toddler can put on shoes without the help of an adult.

2.2.6Tool:Technical suction cups(Appendix 3. Table No. 6)

Natural object:Octopus invented a sophisticated method of hunting his prey: he embraces it with tentacles and sucks on hundreds of suckers, whole rows of which are on the tentacles. They also help him move on slippery surfaces without sliding down.[ 1 ]

Tool usage: Where there are smooth surfaces, suction cups are often used. In everyday life they are used primarily in the kitchen and bathroom. When the hook with the suction cup is pressed against tiles bathroom, a vacuum space is created.

Conclusion: Technical suction cups are very convenient in everyday life, without the use of nails and glue, they can hold various objects (towel hooks, soap dish, bathroom rugs, etc.).

2.2.7Tool:Battery(Appendix 3. Table No. 7)

Natural object:electric eel can emit electrical discharges up to 700 volts, with which he can stun or kill enemies and his prey. The electrical organ that generates voltage is made up of special muscles. Voltage, as in a battery, is created by a stream of ions and discharged by a series of shocks, rapidly following one after another.[ 1 ]

Tool use Every home has a huge number of devices that run on batteries (clocks, flashlights).

Conclusion: The battery is indispensable for many electrical household appliances, even if the electricity is turned off - the battery will save us!

2.2.8 Tool:injection needle(Appendix 3. Table No. 8)

Natural object:Wasp. Wasp sting. The length of the wasp sting does not exceed 3 mm, and the thickness is 0.001 mm. If the wasp is in danger, she uses it for protection. The sting is easily absorbed into human skin, turning into a tiny dagger. At the same time, it is an injection syringe.[ 1 ]

Tool usage: Intravenous and intramuscular injections.

Conclusion: Many people keep injectable syringes for emergency care in their first-aid kit.

CONCLUSION

In the course of the work, students were interviewed on the idea of ​​​​science - Bionics. As it turned out, many do not know this science, but at the prompt in choosing the answer, they can imagine what it does.

The tools that are in the apartment and are used for their intended purpose were also investigated. These tools and devices were created by man, using knowledge of nature.

So at the heart of the invention combined pincers is the working principle ant lion mites. This tool is multifunctional, and is convenient when repairing an apartment. Tweezers repeats the beak godwit very handy when working with small items. Jackknife imitates a leg with shoulder blades dung beetle- compact and multifunctional. It is not replaceable on a hike, a trip, and in storage and transfer, safety precautions are observed. Drill,like Iicecladeatconiferous horntail wasp, necessary and very convenient for drilling holes in various building materials (wood, concrete, metal) during construction and repair. Clasps Velcro as sticky as burdock fruit. Very handy for fastening bags, shoes and clothes. And especially they save time for mothers of small children, because it is easier for a baby to cope with Velcro on shoes than with laces. In a beautiful tile, it is always a pity to make a hole with a drill, a way out technical suckers. They are indispensable in the bathroom, as they firmly attach hooks, soap dishes, shelves without glue and nails, as sucker octopus. It is impossible to imagine any apartment, house without batteries, they are used in watches, phones, flashlights, but you never know where! And the principle of operation of the battery repeats the electric organ electric eel. Many people keep in their home first aid kit injection syringes for emergency help. Not technology, but nature creates the most effective and thinnest injection syringes, as wasp sting. Unfortunately, technology has not yet created sting-like needles that do not bend or break. If it were possible to create such injection syringes, then vaccinations, for example, would become almost painless.

By studying how man applies his knowledge of nature by creating tools. And exploring the tools in the apartment, how a person uses them. We confirmed our hypothesis, indeed, a person often uses in his daily life tools created by nature, and cannot do without them.

As a result of the work, a brochure was created that can be used in the lessons of the world around. And to give an idea to students about science - BIONICS.

REFERENCES

1. Vorontsova Z.S. Workshop of nature. - M .: " art", 1981 - 32 postcards.

1. Nakhtigal V.N. Big series of knowledge. BIONICS. - M .: OOO "World of Books", 2003 - 128 p ..

Web site:

1. Dictionaries and encyclopedias at ACADEMICShttps://dic.academic.ru/
2. http://www.microarticles.ru/

3.https://www.google.ru/search?q=symbol+bionics

Attachment 1.

Sociological survey questions:

1. What is the name of the science whose goal is to use biological knowledge to solve engineering problems and develop technology?

a) design; b) planning; c) bionics +

1. What did the founder of aerodynamics N.E. Zhukovsky? Based on his research, aviation appeared.

a) physics; b) shipbuilding;

1. A more advanced aircraft in nature is possessed by ...

a) insects +; b) reptiles; c) tree leaves

1. By analogy with the principle underlying echolocation in bats, ...

b) radars; c) other equipment

1. Which animals are electrically active?

a) fish +; b) mice; c) moles

1. The use of bionics in medicine is...

a) development of medicines; b) construction of medical institutions;

1. What structure is copied by modern multi-story houses where people live?

a) stems of cereals +; b) herbs; c) bushes

1. What principle underlies the structure of the Eiffel Tower?

Appendix 2

Sociological survey results

table number 1

Comparative table of sociological survey results

table number 2

Annex 3.