Presentation on the topic "types of environmental pollution". Classification of types of environmental pollution Types of environmental pollution presentation
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Sources of pollution environment Tikhonova Tatyana Alekseevna teacher of technology, MBOU "Secondary School No. 3", Cheboksary
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Physical (energy) pollution: noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation of radioactive substances, thermal radiation resulting from anthropogenic activity. Chemical pollution: pollution of the environment with all kinds of chemicals (xenobiotics) that enter it with gaseous, liquid and solid emissions and waste.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Route of entry Physical form of the pollutant Scale of pollution Emissions to the atmosphere Gases, aerosols, solid particles Local, regional Discharges to water bodies, direct contamination of soils and vegetation Liquid soluble and insoluble compounds Local, regional Waste disposal Solid and liquid wastes Local
4 slide
Description of the slide:
Atmospheric pollution Atmospheric air is one of the most important components of the environment. The main sources of air pollution are: thermal power plants and heating plants that burn fossil fuels; motor transport; ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy; mechanical engineering; chemical production; extraction and processing of mineral raw materials; open sources (extraction of agricultural production, construction).
5 slide
Description of the slide:
Study the following table and conclude which sources of pollution have the greatest negative impact on the environment.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Sources of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere Impurities Main sources Average concentration in air mg/m3 Natural Angrogenic Dust Volcanic eruptions, dust storms, forest fires Fuel combustion in industrial and living conditions in cities 0.04 - 0.4 Sulfur dioxide Volcanic eruptions, oxidation of sulfur and sulfates dispersed in the sea Combustion of fuel in industrial and domestic installations in cities up to 1.0 Nitrogen oxides Forest fires Industry, vehicles, thermal power plants In areas with developed industry up to 0.2 Carbon oxides Forest fires, natural methane Road transport, oil evaporation In areas with developed industry up to 0.3 Volatile hydrocarbons Forest fires, natural methane Road transport, evaporation of oil products In areas with developed industry up to 0.3 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Road transport, chemical and oil refineries In areas with developed industry up to 0.01
7 slide
Description of the slide:
Many branches of energy and industry generate not only the maximum amount of harmful emissions, but also create environmentally unfavorable living conditions for residents of both large and medium-sized cities. Emissions of toxic substances lead, as a rule, to an increase in the current concentrations of substances above the maximum permissible concentrations (MACs).
8 slide
Description of the slide:
MPCs of harmful substances in the atmospheric air of populated areas are the maximum concentrations related to a certain averaging period (30 minutes, 24 hours, 1 month, 1 year) and do not have, with a regulated probability of their occurrence, either direct or indirect harmful effects on the human body, including long-term consequences for the present and subsequent generations that do not reduce a person's working capacity and do not worsen his well-being.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Pollution of the hydrosphere Water, like air, is a vital source for all known organisms. The main sources of pollution of the hydrosphere are discharged wastewater generated during the operation of energy, industrial, chemical, medical, defense, housing and communal and other enterprises and facilities; disposal of radioactive waste in containers and tanks that lose their tightness after a certain period of time; accidents and catastrophes occurring on land and in water spaces; atmospheric air polluted by various substances and others.
10 slide
Description of the slide:
Water pollution causes the suppression of ecosystem functions, slows down natural processes biological treatment fresh water, and also contributes to a change in the chemical composition of food and the human body.
11 slide
Description of the slide:
Regulations regulating hygienic and technical requirements to water sources GOST 2761-84 “Sources of centralized domestic drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules”; SanPiN 2.1.4.544-96 “Requirements for water quality of non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection of springs”; GN 2.1.5.689-98 “Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of Chemical Substances in the Water of Water Bodies of Domestic Drinking and Cultural Water Supply”, etc.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
When determining quality drinking water take into account the following parameters: the content of impurities and suspended particles, taste, color, turbidity and temperature of water, pH, composition and concentration of mineral impurities and oxygen dissolved in water, MPCv of chemicals and pathogenic bacteria. MPCv is the maximum allowable pollution of water in reservoirs, at which safety for human health and normal conditions for water use are maintained. For example, for benzene MPCv is 0.5 mg/l.
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Soil pollution Soil is a habitat for numerous lower animals and microorganisms, including bacteria, mold fungi, viruses, etc. Critical importance Soil consists in the accumulation of organic matter, various chemical elements, as well as energy. The soil cover functions as a biological absorber, destroyer and neutralizer of various contaminants. If this link of the biosphere is destroyed, then the existing functioning of the biosphere will be irreversibly disrupted.
14 slide
Boyko Elena
This presentation was developed on the topic: "Environmental Pollution". Can be used in technology lessons in grade 10.
Download:
Preview:
To use the preview of presentations, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The presentation was made by: 10th grade student Elena Boyko
Environmental pollution Pollution is a process of negative modification of the environment - air, water, soil - by its intoxication with substances that threaten the life of living organisms. Types of pollution Biological - pollutants are organisms not characteristic of the ecosystem. The most well-known example is the out-of-control rabbit breeding in Australia. - Microbiological Mechanical - pollution by chemically inert garbage, trampling of paths and other mechanical impact on the environment. Space debris Chemical - pollutants are harmful chemical compounds. Aerosol pollution - aerosol pollutant (system of small particles) Physical Thermal - excessive heating of the medium. Light - excessive lighting. Noise Electromagnetic - radio pollution; can interfere with both the vital activity of some organisms and radio reception. Radioactive - excess of the natural radioactive background. Visual pollution - damage to natural landscapes by buildings, wires, debris, aircraft plumes, etc.
Soil pollution Soil pollution is a type of anthropogenic soil degradation, in which the content of chemicals in soils subject to anthropogenic impact exceeds the natural regional background level of their content in soils. The main criterion for environmental pollution by various substances is the manifestation of signs of the harmful effects of these substances in the environment on certain types of living organisms, since stability certain types the latter to chemical exposure varies significantly. An environmental hazard is that in the natural environment, in comparison with natural levels, the content of certain chemicals is exceeded due to their intake from anthropogenic sources. This danger can be realized not only for the most sensitive species of living organisms. Ecosystem pollution is one of the types of its degradation, soil pollution is one of the the most dangerous species degradation of soils and the ecosystem as a whole. Pollutants (pollutants) are substances of anthropogenic origin that enter the environment in quantities exceeding the natural level of their intake.
Pollution of fresh water Pollution of fresh water - the ingress of various pollutants into the waters of rivers, lakes, groundwater. Occurs when contaminants are introduced directly or indirectly into water without adequate treatment and removal of harmful substances. In most cases, freshwater pollution remains invisible because the contaminants are dissolved in the water. But there are exceptions: foaming detergents, as well as oil products floating on the surface and untreated effluents. There are several natural pollutants. Aluminum compounds found in the ground enter the fresh water system as a result of chemical reactions. Floods wash out magnesium compounds from the soil of meadows, which cause great damage to fish stocks.
Pollution of the Earth's atmosphere Pollution of the Earth's atmosphere is the introduction of new uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological substances into the atmospheric air or a change in their natural concentration. According to the sources of pollution, two types of atmospheric pollution are distinguished: natural, artificial. According to the nature of the pollutant, atmospheric pollution can be of three types: physical - mechanical (dust, solid particles), radioactive (radioactive radiation and isotopes), electromagnetic ( different kinds electromagnetic waves, including radio waves), noise (various loud sounds and low-frequency vibrations) and thermal pollution (for example, emissions of warm air, etc.) chemical - pollution by gaseous substances and aerosols. To date, the main chemical pollutants of atmospheric air are: carbon monoxide (IV), nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, heavy metals, ammonia, atmospheric dust and biological radioactive isotopes - mainly microbial pollution. For example, air pollution by vegetative forms and spores of bacteria and fungi, viruses, as well as their toxins and waste products.
Pollution of the oceans Land and ocean are connected by rivers that flow into the seas and carry various pollutants. Chemicals that do not break down on contact with the soil, such as petroleum products, oil, fertilizers (especially nitrates and phosphates), insecticides and herbicides, are leached into rivers and then into the ocean. As a result, the ocean turns into a dumping ground for this "cocktail" from nutrients and poisons. Oil and oil products are the main pollutants of the oceans, but the damage they cause is greatly exacerbated by sewage, household waste and air pollution. Plastics and oil washed up on beaches remain along the high-tide mark, indicating the pollution of the seas and the fact that many wastes are not biodegradable. A study of the North Sea showed that about 65% of the pollutants found there were carried by rivers. Another 25% of the pollutants came from the atmosphere (including 7,000 tons of lead from car exhausts), 10% from direct discharges (mostly sewage), and the rest from discharges and discharges of waste from ships. Ten US states are dumping waste into the sea. In 1980, 160,000 tons of waste were destroyed in this way, but since then this figure has decreased.
A presentation on the topic “Environmental Pollution” was prepared by Elena Boyko, a student of class 10 “a”.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION Ivanova Galina Viktorovna Lecturer PSK CPS
2 slide
Description of the slide:
GENERAL CONCEPTS Environmental pollution is an unfavorable change in our environment, which is wholly or mainly a by-product of human activity (B. Nebel, 1994)
3 slide
Description of the slide:
GENERAL CONCEPTS Environmental pollution is any solid, liquid and gaseous substances, types of energy (heat, sound, ionizing radiation) in quantities that have a harmful effect on humans and the environment as a whole, both directly and indirectly
4 slide
Description of the slide:
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION Natural (natural) pollution - pollution caused by natural sources volcanic eruptions forest and steppe fires dust storms floods mudflows tornadoes, etc. Natural sources of pollution are scattered around the planet Background pollution - natural concentration and degree of impact of natural pollutants
5 slide
Description of the slide:
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION Anthropogenic pollution - pollution caused by human activities
6 slide
Description of the slide:
SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION POLLUTION OBJECTS Extraction of solid minerals Solid waste (waste rock, sludge) Waste water (mine and mine water, runoff from processing plants) Gas emissions (blasting, enrichment processes) Noise, vibrations Soil Water Atmosphere Oil production Oil leakage Wastewater Gaseous hydrocarbon emissions Noise, vibrations Soil Water Atmosphere
7 slide
Description of the slide:
SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION OBJECTS OF POLLUTION Industrial production treatment facilities etc.) Liquid waste (waste liquids and solutions, washing liquids) Gas emissions (flue and flue gases, ventilation emissions) Noise, vibrations Atmosphere Water Soil
8 slide
Description of the slide:
SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION OBJECTS OF POLLUTION Energy production Gaseous emissions (products of combustion of fuels) Solid waste (ash) Wastewater Thermal pollution Noise, vibration Emissions Atmosphere Water Soil Transport Gaseous products of combustion with an admixture of aerosols Wash water with hydrocarbons Noise, vibrations Those who have served their time vehicles Air Water Soil
9 slide
Description of the slide:
SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF POLLUTION TYPE OF ACTIVITY GENERAL TYPE OF POLLUTION OBJECTS OF POLLUTION Agriculture Fertilizers Pesticides Genetically modified plants Soil Water Air Animal husbandry and poultry farming Effluents containing organic substances Odors Water Soil Air Public utilities Waste water (domestic sewage, storm water) Solid waste (domestic and construction waste) ) Gas emissions (garbage incineration) Water Soil Air
10 slide
Description of the slide:
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION By their nature, pollution is divided into: Physical (dust, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, thermal pollution, noise, vibration) Physical and chemical (aerosols, odors) Chemical (various chemicals that have carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, allergenic, etc. impact on living organisms) Biological (viruses and bacteria that cause infectious diseases as well as allergic reactions; introduction of alien species into an ecosystem
11 slide
Description of the slide:
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION According to the nature of the impact on the environment, pollution is divided into primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the environment directly from sources (natural or anthropogenic), for example, volcanic gases, flue gases of power plants, wastewater from enterprises, household waste and others. Secondary pollutants are formed during the transformations (transformations) of primary pollutants and natural substances in the environment, for example, acid rain
12 slide
Description of the slide:
13 slide
Description of the slide:
IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT Local pollution - pollution of a small area around an industrial enterprise, settlement and other places Local pollution is typical for cities, large industrial enterprises, large livestock and poultry complexes, mining areas
14 slide
Description of the slide:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POLLUTION Regional pollution is pollution found over relatively large areas. Regional pollution covers large areas of land and water bodies. Examples are the pollution of the Baltic and Mediterranean seas.
15 slide
Description of the slide:
IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT Global pollution is pollution of the natural environment or its components, which is found far from sources of pollution almost anywhere on the planet. Most commonly caused by emissions to the atmosphere, they travel long distances from the point of release and affect large regions and the entire planet. For example, an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere led to an increase in the average annual temperature on the planet, emissions of freons into the stratosphere - to the destruction of the ozone layer.
16 slide
Description of the slide:
IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF ECOSYSTEMS EQUILIBRIUM The rate of recovery processes is higher than or equal to the rate of anthropogenic destruction CRITICAL The limiting state of equilibrium of an ecosystem (on the border of its stability area) CATASTROPHIC A difficultly reversible process of fixing unproductive systems, which can end in an ecological catastrophe
17 slide
Description of the slide:
IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT An ecological catastrophe is understood as a non-equilibrium, non-stationary transformation of the environment, the consequence of which is the loss of stability (balance) as a result of changes in its own parameters and/or rapid change external variables As a result of an ecological catastrophe, the complexity of ecosystems, energy and biological potential decreases. An environmental catastrophe often occurs as a result of direct or indirect anthropogenic impact, or an unfavorable and dangerous natural phenomenon.
18 slide
Description of the slide:
CONCLUSION Almost all aspects of modern human activity lead to pollution of the biosphere: industry, energy, transport, Agriculture and life, rapid population growth and urbanization Environmental monitoring should provide information on the initial state of the biosphere and identify anthropogenic changes.
Environmental pollution
WATER POLLUTION Settlements. The most well-known source of water pollution, which has traditionally been the focus of attention, is domestic wastewater. in dissolved form in sewage soap, synthetic detergents, disinfectants, bleaches and other substances are present household chemicals. Residential buildings receive paper waste, including toilet paper and baby diapers, plant and animal waste. Rain and melt water flows from the streets into sewers, often with sand or salt used to accelerate the melting of snow and ice on the roadway and sidewalks.
Industry. In industrialized countries, industry is the main consumer of water and the largest source of wastewater. Industrial effluents into rivers are 3 times higher than domestic ones. Due to the growing volume of industrial waste, the ecological balance of many lakes and rivers is disturbed, although most of wastewater is non-toxic and not fatal to humans.
Agriculture. The second main consumer of water is agriculture, which uses it to irrigate fields. The water flowing from them is saturated with salt solutions and soil particles, as well as chemical residues that contribute to increased yields. These include insecticides; fungicides that are sprayed over orchards and crops; herbicides, a famous weed control; and other pesticides, as well as organic and inorganic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical elements.
Soil pollution Residential buildings and public utilities. The composition of pollutants in this source category is dominated by household waste, food waste, construction debris, etc. All this is collected and taken to landfills. Burning garbage in city dumps is accompanied by the release of toxic substances that settle on the soil surface and are difficult to wash off with rain.
Agriculture Soil pollution in agriculture occurs as a result of the introduction of huge amounts of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. Some pesticides are known to contain mercury. The desire of a person to take more and more from the soil leads to the irrational use of land, and often to the complete disappearance of their fertility. Excessive application of mineral fertilizers to the soil and chemicals protection of plants from weeds and pests leads to its pollution. Heavy metals (such as mercury) accumulate in the soil, radioactive substances emitted by some industries. From the soil, these toxic substances enter living organisms, which can cause their irreversible changes.
Air pollution The main cause of air pollution is the ingress of uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological substances into it, as well as changes in their natural concentration. This happens as a result of both natural processes and human activities. Moreover, it is people who play an increasing role in air pollution. The cause of a large part of chemical and physical pollution is the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the production of electrical energy and during the operation of vehicle engines.
One of the most toxic gases released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity is ozone. Poisonous and lead contained in the exhaust gases of cars. Other hazardous pollutants include - carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, as well as fine dust. Every year, as a result of human industrial activity (in the generation of electricity, cement production, iron smelting, etc.), 170 million tons of dust enter the atmosphere.
The presentation was made by a student of the 11th grade Victoria Gushchina Checked by the teacher of technology Kalmykova T.S.
Environmental pollution
Completed by a geography teacher: Akhmadieva Tatyana Vasilievna
Purpose: To prove the urgency of the problem. Tasks: Find out the main sources of environmental pollution, Ways to solve the problem of environmental pollution.
Introduction:
The natural environment serves as a condition and means of human life, the territory on which he lives, the spatial limit of the ongoing state power, a place for placing objects of industry, agriculture and other objects of cultural and community purposes. A person influences the natural environment of his habitat not only by consuming its resources, but also by changing the natural environment, adapting it to solve his practical, economic problems. Because of this, human activity has a significant impact on the environment, subjecting it to changes, which then affect the person himself.
Forms of human interaction with the environment:
Economic - this is the consumption of nature by man, the use of nature to satisfy man of his material and spiritual needs. Ecological is the protection of the natural environment in order to preserve man as a biological and social organism and his natural habitat. Rational use natural resources. The concept of "rational" includes not only economic, but also environmental content. In other words, rational is the economical, careful use of sources of natural raw materials, natural resources, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection.
Negative human activity in relation to the natural environment manifests itself objectively in three interrelated forms:
Environmental pollution. Depletion of natural resources. Destruction of the natural environment.
Pollution.
Environmental pollution is divided into several types: Dust. Gas. Chemical (including soil pollution with chemicals). Aromatic. thermal (temperature change). And many others. The source of environmental pollution is human economic activity (industry, agriculture, transport).
Of all the types of pollution, the main ones can be distinguished:
MAIN TYPES OF POLLUTION MAIN TYPES OF POLLUTION MAIN TYPES OF POLLUTION MAIN TYPES OF POLLUTION
Physical (thermal, noise, electromagnetic, light, radioactive) Chemical (heavy metals, pesticides, plastics and other chemicals) Biological (biogenic, microbiological, genetic) Informational (information noise, false information, anxiety factors
Environmental pollution. Environmental pollution. Environmental pollution.
The main sources of pollution. Main harmful substances.
Atmosphere Industry Transport Thermal power plants Carbon, sulfur, nitrogen oxidesOrganic compoundsIndustrial dust.
Hydrosphere Waste waterOil leaksVehicle transport Heavy metalsOilPetroleum products
Lithosphere Waste industry and agriculture Overuse of fertilizers Plastics Rubber Heavy metals
The atmosphere (air environment), hydrosphere (water environment) and lithosphere (solid surface) of the Earth are exposed to pollution.
Depletion of natural resources:
Development of minerals to the extent of unprofitability of further development. Exceeding the rate and volume of production over the ability of natural renewal of renewable resources. These are deforestation, overfishing, overgrazing and destruction of pastures, non-compliance with agrotechnical measures in tillage and depletion of their fertility, pollution of watercourses and reservoirs with industrial waste so that they cannot be practically used, air pollution in large cities, etc. And. etc. happens naturally. For example, the rapid reproduction of the muskrat in some areas led to the extermination of its food and the death of the animal; reproduction of mink - to the disappearance of some species of fish - its food, etc. With the development and progress of society, the use of natural resources is increasing, so the problem of preventing this process arises.
Protection of Nature
This form is a reaction to the destructive activity of man in the environment. Unlike consumption, this is a conscious form of social and state activity aimed at the conservation and reproduction of natural resources. As a secondary form of interaction between society and nature, nature conservation arises and improves as consumption and use of the natural environment grows. Protection appears and is improved where there is a threat of destruction of the natural environment, where the consumption of nature arises and develops.
Rational use of natural resources
The concept of "rational" includes not only economic, but also environmental content. In other words, rational is the economical, careful use of sources of natural raw materials, natural resources, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection. Therefore, such a careful, economical, efficient use of natural resources, which leaves a deep negative mark on the state of the environment, cannot be considered rational. In the middle of the XX century. (50-60s) the problem of rational use of natural resources as a form of nature protection develops into protection, improvement of the human environment. Unlike previous forms, where natural objects and their resources were the direct object of protection, here the protection of the natural environment puts forward a person, his life, his health, his genetic future as a direct object of protection.
Rational use of natural resources:
In the middle of the XX century. (50-60s) the problem of rational use of natural resources as a form of nature protection develops into protection, improvement of the human environment. Unlike previous forms, where natural objects and their resources were the direct object of protection, here the protection of the natural environment puts forward a person, his life, his health, his genetic future as a direct object of protection.
Necessary:
Purification of harmful emissions (for example, using filters). Use of treatment facilities. Elimination of the very causes of pollution, which requires the development of low-waste, and in the future, waste-free production technologies that would allow the integrated use of raw materials and utilize the maximum of substances harmful to the biosphere. Introduction in educational institutions of environmental education, which forms respect for nature.
Conclusion:
As a result, we can say that the problem of environmental protection in all its three forms - conservative, rational use of natural resources and improvement of the human environment - is gradually turning from a regional into a national and then an international problem, the solution of which depends on the joint efforts of the entire international communities. For a global solution to the problem, it is necessary to ensure the interaction of international environmental protection, related to the implementation of international obligations and agreements, and national and regional nature protection. Pollution of the natural environment with waste harmful to humans, depletion of natural resources and the threat of destruction of ecological ties in nature are steadily leading to a global crisis.
Bibliography:
Yakoviev V.N. Environmental law. K., 1998 Sheshuchenko Yu.S. Legal problems of ecology. Kyiv, 1989 Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia, M., 1997. http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-62209.html