Plant world of the desert. Presentation "animals of the desert" Presentation of the flora of the desert

Desert. Winter lasts 2-3 months. The average temperature in winter is -12 o. Summer is long and hot. The temperature during the day reaches +70 o, in the shade above + 40 o. In the depths of the soil, the temperature is o - 20 o. There are few rainfalls. Sometimes it doesn't rain all summer long.

The deserts have sparse vegetation, well adapted to the hot and dry climate, with deep roots, tiny leaves or thorns instead. Grow far apart, give a lot of volatile seeds. Some grow and mature in the spring. Plant world of deserts.

Dzhuzgun is a shrub m. It grows along the slopes and tops of dunes. The fruits are very light, have outgrowths, thanks to which they are carried over long distances along the sands. The role of the leaves of the shrub is played by green twigs.

The body of lizards is covered with scales, shields. Horny teeth are developed on the toes of the hind legs. The ear hole is hidden under the skin. She can instantly burrow into the ground in case of danger. The sandy roundhead is a tiny lizard with a sandy-yellow back and a tail striated below. Lizards feed on insects and other invertebrates.

A turtle lives up to 100 years, out of 60 years - 55 years it sleeps. Her skin is hard, dry, dense, to retain moisture. The shell is very strong, it helps her to escape from enemies. Turtle. Herbivorous animal. The turtle can only be seen in the morning or evening. During the day, she hides from the heat in burrows and depressions in the ground, in thickets of plants.

A camel has: 1. Wide soles, so as not to fall into the unsteady sand. 2. Calluses - so as not to burn the legs. The same corns and knees to rest on the road. 3. Narrow nostrils allow you to breathe during sandstorms. Camel A camel can travel long distances without food or water. It uses up the fat stored in the hump.

The giant mole rat is the largest rodent. Body length up to 40 cm. This is a relic animal. Light sand color. Leads an underground lifestyle. He spends his whole life in a large and complexly arranged hole, constantly re-equipping it. It has no eyes and external ears. The mole rat digs the ground not with its paws, but with the incisors of the teeth, which are well developed, especially the lower ones, and stick out. At the same time, the mouth opening is always closed with lips wrapped inward, which is why the earth does not fall into the mouth of the animal.

The hedgehog digs a hole up to 1.5 m long, but it can occupy the abandoned houses of other animals. The hedgehog has many enemies: wolves, badgers, foxes. For the winter, the hedgehog hibernates. Eared hedgehog. The hedgehog does without water and food for a long time. It feeds on insects: beetles, ants, larvae. Can catch snake, lizard, frog. Eats berries and seeds.

Korsak is a predatory animal. A small fox with large ears and high legs. Weighs 46 kg. Speed ​​- up to 4050 km / h, but soon gets tired. Lives in burrows. Korsak burrows almost does not dig, occupies the burrows of ground squirrels, gerbils. The burrow is usually shallow, up to 2.5 m long and with several entrances. Corsac feeds on rodents (voles, mice, jerboas), reptiles, birds and their eggs, and insects.

Sand boa. It easily sinks into the sand and crawls over them as easily as a fish in water. The eyes look straight up. 80 cm long, has a light yellow-brown color with blurry brownish spots. In spring, the boa boa is active during the day, in summer it becomes a nocturnal animal, and in autumn, before leaving for wintering, it leads a daytime image. The food for the boa constrictor is lizards (agamas, roundheads, foot-and-mouth disease, geckos), rodents (hamsters, mice, gerbils, jerboas), birds (wagtails, sparrows).

The beetle is a darkling beetle. Beetles are herbivorous animals. They extract water from the succulent parts of plants: leaves, green twigs, rhizomes and bulbs. They do not know how to fly, they only crawl and run, sometimes they climb onto the lower branches of bushes. Dark beetles can cause great harm to plantings in deserts: after all, their food is all kinds of vegetation. Most darklings are active at night

Holy scarab. The beetle is a dung beetle. Length 3 cm. From manure, he sculpts balls, which he rolls to a place convenient for himself and digs in. These balls are a reserve, food for beetle larvae. The beetle was a sacred animal of ancient Egypt. The image of this beetle can be seen in ancient temples, tombs. Watching the beetle roll its ball, the Egyptians saw a symbol of the movement of the Sun across the sky.

Tarantula The tarantula spider lives in a burrow that it digs. He strengthens its walls with cobwebs so that they do not crumble. All day the tarantula sits in its mink, and at night it goes out for prey with small insects. The tarantula has a whole set of eyes, two large and six smaller. These are agile animals up to 7 cm long, with long hairy legs.

"Development of the plant world" - Seed plants. The emergence and dominance of the Terrestrial Over 200 million years ago Gymnosperms. Lesson objectives: Covered seed. The evolution of the plant world. Occurrence and Aquatic 1.5-2 billion years ago, the dominance of algae. Eukaryotes. Spore plants. Mosses. The emergence of life Aquatic 2-3 billion years ago on Earth.

"Animals of the desert" - 4) - A natural area with a dry climate and very sparse vegetation? Tunnel of questions. 5) Sand waves. Lake "Prival". 5) – What are oases? The tail will be torn off - Another will make money. Chatting with me - he does not know the measure. Cactus. Message waterfall. Huge bodies of water. The islands are washed by water from all sides.

"Deserts and semi-deserts" - Plants. Why doesn't it rain in deserts? Living conditions here are less severe than in the polar latitudes. Animals. What are deserts? Content. In rare places in deserts, where groundwater comes close to the surface, oases form. Desert dwellers. There are places on our planet where there is very little rainfall.

"Deserts" - But the climate became drier, and gradually the Sahara turned into a sandy desert. Now for hundreds of kilometers you will not find a single plant there. But the climate became drier, and gradually the Sahara turned into a sandy desert. There are also rocky deserts. What do you usually think of when you hear the word "desert"?

"Deserts" - A) jerboa; b) sand boa; c) midday gerbil; d) monitor lizard. Test. 7. There are rodents in the desert: A) saiga; b) scarab; c) camel. A) camel b) jerboa; c) midday gerbil. 5. Without moisture can do: A) monitor lizard; b) sand boa; c) a lizard - a round head. BUT) eared hedgehog; b) foot and mouth disease; c) corsac.

"Plant and Animal World" - Climate ground water Soil Human activity Relief (altitude zonation). Factors affecting vegetation. Animal world. Animal world by species composition richer than vegetable. List the types of plant communities? Deer is an inhabitant of the forest. vegetable and animal world Russia. Steppe animals.

Animals of the desert gophers

• Gopher (Spermophilus) is a mammal from the order of rodents (Rodentia), the protein family (Sciuridae). There are about 20 species of ground squirrels found in the open landscapes of the Northern Hemisphere; in Russia there are about 10 species. Different kinds ground squirrels are found in eastern Europe, the Caucasus, northern Asia and the North. America.

Rattlesnake

• Those who have to travel through the American South will unmistakably recognize this frightening crackle. It is enough to confuse it with something else, and the mistake will cost a life ...
• This ominous sound is the crackling of a rattlesnake's tail. And that warning can always be followed by a deadly bite.
• These unique reptiles appeared on the continent only 5 million years ago, and then rapidly spread across America from coast to coast. But despite such a long neighborhood, we know relatively little about these snakes.
• Why do they try to warn of their presence? Where do they find shelter if there are no habitual crevices nearby? And how do they manage to maintain the temperature balance in different climatic zones?

scorpion

• This inconspicuous inhabitant of the earth has a lot interesting features. So, if you illuminate a scorpion with ultraviolet light, the animal will begin to fluoresce, emitting blue, pink or green tones. Similarly, the remains of prehistoric scorpions flicker. This discovery was made in the sixties and allowed scientists to observe the hidden life of these creatures. As for the benefits of such a device for the scorpions themselves, scientists suggest that it helps to lure insects.

jerboas

• Food
• The large jerboa belongs to omnivorous rodents - plant (seeds, roots, bulbs) and animal (insects) food can be equally present in its diet. It easily changes from one type of food to another depending on its availability and season. On agricultural lands, a large jerboa often collects sown seeds of watermelons and melons, also feeds on grains of cultivated cereals, sunflower seeds, peas, but causes little damage.

Ground squirrel food

• Grain mixtures form the basis of all kinds of ready-made foods that our pet stores offer for mice, hamsters and guinea pigs. These feeds are specially designed and, theoretically, perfectly balanced. However, they cannot serve as the sole source of nutrition and can only be recommended as a fortified food supplement.

camel

• CAMEL ( camelus), a genus of mammals of the camelid family (Camelidae) of the order of artiodactyls (Artiodactyla). Representatives of an almost extinct group of ungulates, which was once widespread throughout the world, except for Australia. The closest relatives of camels are the South American llama, alpaca, guanaco and vicuña. Currently, the genus is represented by two domesticated species: one-humped camel, or dromedary ( C. dromedarius), and a two-humped camel, or Bactrian ( C. bactrianus). They are used as pack and riding animals. The dromedary reaches a height of 1.8 m at the withers and 2.1 m at the top of the hump. The Bactrian has shorter legs and is more massive. Camel on average can carry a load of approx. 180 kg. The camel caravan moves at a speed of approx. 5 km / h and overcomes about 50 km per day. Dromedar is much faster than Bactrian. With one rider on his back, he can maintain a speed of 16 km / h all day, and the record for him is 240 km in 11 hours.

desert animals

• Goals. To identify the features of the animals of the desert zone in comparison with the forest zone; to acquaint students with the predominant animal species of the desert zone, their adaptation to the conditions environment; to an excess of heat, to a lack of moisture, to scarce food, to the surrounding landscape, to movement; show the need to protect animals in the desert zone; introduce. animals listed in the Red Book; develop respect for nature.
• Equipment. Textbook "Natural Studies", "100 tasks + 14 more", author. A. A. Pleshakov; magazine “Svirel”, map of natural areas, books about the desert, notebook for tests in natural history, table “Desert”, illustrations of desert animals, model of “TV”.

questions

• At the end of the broadcast, we ask you to answer the following questions:
• What desert animals are protected?
• D. Monitor lizards, gazelles, pelicans, swans, herons, wild boars
• What should be done to preserve the nature of this zone?
• D. Build reservoirs, draw channels with water.
• Create reserves.

GBOU SO "Boarding School AOP of Marks"
"DESERT" Geography teacher Gribanova N.V.

Geographical position

Deserts are located in the south-west of the country, on the shores of the Caspian Sea. This is the southern natural zone, it is marked in orange on the map. In Russia, deserts occupy a small area: some of them are located in the Caspian region, to the west and east of the lower reaches of the Volga, and some are in the eastern Ciscaucasia.

Desert in spring

Desert in summer

Desert in winter

desert plants
Camel thorn is the most famous desert plant. Its roots penetrate to a depth of almost 20 meters and extract water from there, remaining bright green all summer. Tumbleweed - under this name special formations are known, consisting of dead and dried plants and rolling in the wind, in the form of sometimes rather large balls

A valuable plant is the grate. Its roots fix the sands well, do not allow them to move under the influence of the wind. The juzgun performs the same “work” in the desert. In this shrub, the role of leaves is played by green twigs.

In deserts, there is a group of plants (succulents) that store water in their above-ground part. Some of them have strongly thickened stems, while others have leaves. Cacti survive in deserts because they store water in their stems. Instead of leaves, they have sharp thorns!

Saxaul is one of the few trees that can grow in deserts. He is surprisingly hardy: able to endure extremely severe drought, unbearable heat, saline soil. The trunk of the tree is clumsy, winding, low; the crown is very loose, almost giving no shade. Saxaul has no leaves. Hanging down from the branches are long green twigs, thin as a knitting needle. The plant has no leaves at all.

In deserts, water is deep underground, but there are places where it rises to the surface. There is an abundance of plants here. Such areas are called oases.

Plant adaptations to life in the desert
small leaves; Underdeveloped leaves (tiny scales); Dropping leaves and even young shoots with the onset of heat; A thick film of waterproof substance on the surface of the leaves; Pump plants (roots 20-30 meters); Thickened stems or leaves. undersized plants

Animal world
The fauna of the deserts is rich and varied. Animals are predominantly terrestrial, and in the sandy desert - an underground lifestyle.
Efa is a beautiful snake, but evil and poisonous. Don't get close to the efe. The efa crawls not with its head, like all other snakes, but sideways.

Each animal of the desert is interesting in its own way. Strong long legs of jerboas help them jump up to 3 meters in length. The long-eared hedgehog is active in the dark (up to 7-9 km per night), spends the day in a hole. Burrows digs himself - up to 150 cm long

Geography lesson in the 8th grade of a correctional school of the VIII type. Flora and fauna of the deserts of Africa

Skorykh Nadezhda Evgenievna, Deputy Director for VR, teacher of geography and history, Cherntsky boarding school VIII type, Ivanovo region
Description: the lesson is intended for students of the 8th grade of the correctional school of the VIII type, and can also be used outside of school hours, as an addition to conducting subject weeks. It may be of interest to teachers working in correctional and primary school, and for users of the Portal who are interested in the wildlife of the sunniest continent of the globe - Africa. The nature of the African deserts is, first of all, the sand dunes of the great desert, which are up to 180 meters high.
Target: the formation of students' ideas about the flora and fauna of the deserts of Africa.
Tasks:
Educational: to acquaint students with the natural conditions of the Sahara, its flora and fauna; show the adaptability of organisms to the conditions of life in the desert and their relationship.
Correction-developing: continue to develop the ability to give complete answers to the questions posed.
Educational: to continue the formation of a sense of love for nature, the world around.
Lesson type: combined
During the classes
I organizational moment
Greeting students. Checking students' readiness for the lesson.
II Repetition of the material covered
Frontal conversation
1. Why are there many ruminants in the savannas of Africa?
2. What is the reason for their long migrations (transitions) to new pastures?
3. What large animals prey on herbivores?
Work in workbook: task 1 on page 37
III Actualization of knowledge, announcement of a new topic
Listen to an excerpt from the poem and formulate the topic of the lesson:
- Say, be so kind
Do mosquitoes live in the desert?
- Oh yeah! And millions!
And their name is scorpions.
Are there hedgehogs in the desert?
- Of course. Hedgehogs do not count.
Went into the desert somehow
And marveled at the fact:
A hedgehog runs towards
I look - and it's a cactus.
(E. Evseeva)
(Student answers)
Lesson topic: "The flora and fauna of the deserts of Africa".
IV. Learning new material
Map work"Natural Zones of Africa".
1. Show and name natural areas Africa. (Hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs, semi-deserts and deserts, savannahs and light forests, variable-moist forests, humid tropical (equatorial) forests, altitudinal zones.)
2. Show and name the deserts of Africa. (Sahara, Namib, Kalahari.)
3.Determine the geographical location of the deserts. (Deserts are located south and north of the savannas. They occupy half the area of ​​​​the mainland.)
4. Show and name the largest desert in the world? (Sahara, it is located in the north of Africa.)
5. Determine where the Namib Desert is located. (In southern Africa, on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.)
What representatives of the flora and fauna of the semi-desert and desert zone living in Russia do you remember? (Camel thorn, sand locust, saxaul, saiga, monitor lizard, jerboa, snakes.)
terminological work. Find in the dictionary what the words “deserts”, “dunes”, “sumum” mean pp. 204 - 206
desert- areas with a constantly dry and hot climate and sparse vegetation.
dunes- sands not fixed by vegetation.
Simoom- a strong dry hot wind carrying hot sand and dust.
The climate in the desert is arid. Rains are rare. In some areas, rain does not fall for several years. The air is dry, sultry. The air temperature during the day is very high (above 30 degrees), and at night it drops sharply. But a person endures the heat of the day there more easily than the cold of the night. Even rocks cannot withstand such a temperature difference, they crack and collapse. Because of this, a roar similar to thunder is sometimes heard in the desert. In the deserts of Africa, the sandy surface alternates with rocky. In the north of Africa there are more sandy deserts, and in the south - rocky ones. In the sandy deserts you can see dunes.
Textbook illustration work Figure 49 “Dunes in the Sahara Desert” on page 45

1. Describe appearance barkhan. (These are sandy hills, not fixed by vegetation. They look like large crescents and huge sandy seas.)
2. What sets the dunes in motion? (The effect of the force of the wind.)
Not all sands in the desert can move freely, some of them are immovable, as they are fixed by plants with very long roots. Sandstorms are frequent in the deserts. At this time, the sky is covered with dark sandy clouds, a noise is heard, the roar of a rushing wind. Clouds of sand rush with great force, sweeping away everything in their path. A sandstorm can cover an entire caravan with sand. At the first sign of a hurricane, all living things hide in secluded places. During a long storm, people and animals can die under a thick layer of sand. Such a strong, dry, hot wind, carrying hot sand and dust, is called simum. Locals call it "poison of the air", "breath of death", "poisoned wind", "fiery wind".
Reading by the teacher of an excerpt from the article.
Listen to the description of the Russian traveler A. Eliseev about the Samum:
“Something indefinite, muffled was heard in the air, similar to some kind of distant noise and roar, capturing everything around, rushing from everywhere. From all sides of the horizon, from the earth and from the sky, covered with a sandy haze, something terrible, colossal, ready to demolish all life on earth, was rushing. The "breath of death", the "fiery wind", the terrible simum were not far away; he was approaching with quick steps, and after some half an hour, which had elapsed from the moment the first sounds of the singing sands were heard, we were already in the very center of this terrible natural phenomenon. The songs of the desert, now dying, now emerging at the foot of the dunes, now disappeared in that terrible noise of the sands that filled the desert, turned into a real sandy chaos. I could compare the noise of the rushing sands with the rustling of the leaves of a dense forest, groaning under the pressure of a storm, but this comparison would not completely convey the sounds of a shaken desert. Sometimes in the hot atmosphere, like the mighty breath of a colossal beast, ever-increasing gusts of samum swept through, then it seemed that the desert was throwing new masses of sand from its surface into hot sandy chaos. During these terrible hours, we, like our camels, lay prostrate on the sand, covered with cloaks and plugged our ears. My heart was pounding terribly, my breathing quickened, my head ached mercilessly, my mouth and throat dried up, my chest lacked air, and it seemed to me that another hour, and a terrible slow death from suffocation with sand is inevitable.
How quickly the simum, that most terrifying scourge of the desert, flew in, just as soon it flew away somewhere very far, into the depths of the Erg sandy sea. In less than two hours, a reddish-purple haze descended on the earth and again opened the blue horizon, a burning golden sun rolled into the sky, and the desert caught fire again with all bright colors who alone bring it to life. True, the smallest dust was still suspended in the air, but the chest was already freely sighing a slightly refreshed atmosphere, and we all revived to the point that, having collected our tent, we again set off and walked until late at night ... "
The strongest dryness, the highest temperatures and violent winds affected the flora and fauna of the deserts of Africa.
Everything is scarcer than grass. Fewer animal tracks.
Here is another world - the world of deserts.
Work in notebooks.
Exercise: write out from the text of the textbook in a notebook the names of plants and animals of the Sahara desert.
Plants- prickly shrubs, lichens, acacia.
Animals- antelopes, snakes, monitor lizards, lizards, agamas, insects, hyenas, jackals, lions, cheetahs.
Checking the completed task.
Africa has a desert
All in the sands - Sahara,
Rare thorns here
After all, water is not enough!
Name the plants of the Sahara desert. (Student answers)

Desert plants store moisture in their leaves and stems. Their roots are long and branched.
We learned that the plant life of the deserts is rather poor. This means that the animal world will not be rich. Why? (Little food.)
- Name the animals that live in the desert. Is it possible to guess from external signs that they live in the desert? (By coloring.)
Teacher's story
One of the most interesting desert animals fennec.

The fennec fox is a small nocturnal fox that lives in the deserts of North Africa. During the day, the fennec fox sleeps in a hole, and after sunset it hunts for insects, lizards, and small rodents. In size, this fox is smaller than a domestic cat, it weighs only 1.5 kg. Her distinguishing feature- unusually large ears. These are the largest ears among predators in relation to the size of the head. These ears are needed to better cool the body in the heat of the day. The coat of the fennec fox is thick and soft, reddish or sand-colored above, white below.
Gazelle - dorcas.

This animal has a sandy color, which helps it to disguise itself in the desert. Thanks to the dew on the plants it feeds on, as well as the consumption of water-preserving plants, this gazelle can almost never drink. The animal can reach a height of 65 cm and a weight of 25 kg. Gazelle - dorcas instinctively jumps back when a predator approaches. This reflex serves as a warning signal to other gazelles. In addition, the gazelle - dorcas runs very fast, reaching a speed of almost 80 km / h.
Jerboa. This rodent is able to withstand the harsh climatic conditions of the desert. In addition, this nocturnal animal is distinguished by its jumping ability - a quality that allows it to avoid predators. Despite the fact that the size of his body can reach a length of only 25 cm, he is able to reach speeds of up to 25 km / h.
Sacred scarab (or dung beetle) These are large black beetles, reaching 3-4 centimeters in length and weighing about 2 grams. In males, the inner surface of the hind legs is covered with golden-red hairs, which for the Egyptians was another sign of the "sunshine" of this beetle.

Who would have thought that one of the species of dung beetles would become a sacred animal. In ancient Egypt, the scarab was worshiped as a deity. The Egyptians saw in his rolling of large balls a symbol of the movement of the sun across the sky. And the fact that this ball consists of manure did not in the least spoil the status of his divinity, but rather the opposite. The use of this recycled animal waste product is one of the key guarantees good harvest. The scarab occupies a very important place in the mythology of Ancient Egypt. In addition to being a symbol of the Sun, its image can be seen on various frescoes and sculptures as the face of the Egyptian god Khepri, the creator of the world and man. Scorpions are very fond of deserts, especially the yellow scorpion. This creature is very dangerous and at the same time incredibly tenacious. Outwardly, the scorpion does not look intimidating, but in fact, he knows how to perfectly use his small claws if you need to get the enemy out of the way. If an adult is unlikely to die from a single scorpion sting, then for children and the elderly, the bite can be fatal.
monitor lizard unlike simple lizards, it is very dangerous because of the poison, which can be compared with snakes.
But you should not be afraid of him, because. he usually uses his main weapon to hunt insects, rats, and other small animals. Outwardly, monitor lizards are very similar to giant lizards, but unlike them, they represent serious threat for people. And yet, these animals rarely attack people, preferring to use their poison to hunt small animals and insects. In fact, monitor lizards are cold-blooded animals, but they managed to adapt to a hot climate. If the temperature becomes unbearably high, monitor lizards begin to show aggression. It is known that predators do not tolerate life in captivity.
horned vipers. This type of viper belongs to poisonous species Therefore, it is better for a person not to meet this reptile.
Animals have adapted to the characteristics of the desert climate. Some can go without water for a long time, while others travel great distances in search of water. Impenetrable skin protects insects and reptiles from water loss (dehydration). The small size and shape of the body allows them to hide between stones or burrow into the sand.
The desert has long been inhabited by nomadic tribes. Their main means of transportation in the desert is home camel.
Deserts in Africa - know
Where the sands are from end to end.
And camels, if needed
Walking along the sands
The sun shines brightly.
Africa is so hot!
Textbook work.
Exercise: Find and read the description of the camel in the textbook.

Reading session:
1. How did the camel adapt to life in the desert? (Camels are strong, hardy. They have long thick eyelashes protect eyes from sand and wind. Wool saves the camel from the heat. The toes are connected by a callused cushion, thanks to which the camel does not fall into the sand. The rigid sole saves it from hot sand.)
2. What does a camel eat? (A camel can chew any food and even thorns. Due to the fat in the humps, he can not eat or drink for a long time.)
3. What else can you add about camels? (Student answers).
Camels are excellently adapted to life in the desert and arid hot lands. They are a source of food, clothing, and transportation for most desert dwellers. They are able to cross the vast desert, carrying heavy cargo and passengers on their humps, bringing much more utility than trucks. For centuries they supported the existence of entire states, transporting people, mail, salt, any cargo. These animals are amazing in that they changed the course of civilization, helping people survive in extremely difficult conditions.
Some facts about camels.
1. The word "camel"It came from the Arabic word "beauty".
2. In North Africa camel is a sacred animal.
3. Camels can drink up to 200 liters of water at a time.
4. If a camel went to bed or just rested, then it is almost impossible to make him get up until he wants to.
5. The lips of camels have a special shape, which is very helpful for them to graze.
They can eat anything, including thorny spines, without damaging their lips and mouth.
6. Camels can completely close their nostrils from wind and sand when necessary.
7. Camels are ruminants, like cows and goats.
8. Camel fur reflects sunlight and protects the body from the heat of the desert.
9. One of the camel's defensive abilities is spitting. Basically, they pull up from the stomach and spit out a dirty, foul-smelling substance when provoked. Those who have experienced it for themselves will never forget it.
10. Camels were often used in military operations, especially in severely arid regions.
11. P. Pestel, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ch. Chaplin, A. Hitler, A. Akhmatova, A. Sakharov, Yu. Nikulin were born in the year of the Camel.
Only in the Namib Desert grows an unusual plant - an octopus - velvichia.

This tree is a dwarf. The main root of the plant goes deep, and the lateral ones are located near the surface. Thanks to this, they can absorb moisture from rare rains. The trunk of this plant is short, like a stump, and very thick. From the trunk on each side departs along a huge long, like a ribbon, sheet. The length of these leaves can be several meters, their ends are torn by the wind. Fog is common in coastal deserts, moisture settles on huge leaves and is absorbed by them. Velvichia lives for hundreds of years. This rare plant is under state protection as a unique monument of nature.
In the deserts of southeast Africa grow wild watermelons.

In dry years, they are the only source of moisture for desert animals. At a ripe watermelon, the stalk dries up, and the mischievous wind drives them over long distances, they break on the way, and animals eat them.
Where groundwater comes to the surface of the desert and the soil is moist, rich vegetation develops. These are oases.
In the desert - true, sometimes,
Sometimes there is water.
And where is the water
Everything blooms right now.
There was sand, but suddenly disappeared:
In the desert - a garden!
In the desert - the forest!
I've lost all the words
But it's not about the words.
Only Oh! yes A!
And, of course, OH!
O! BUT! zis - ah!
Well, to what
It's nice to look at him!
I stand and look...
And on the lips:
Oasis - Oh!
Oasis - Ah!
(E. Evseeva)
grow in oases date palms and acacias.

At date palm straight smooth stem. Its height exceeds 20 m. At the top of the palm tree there are 40 - 70 leaves. Each leaf is up to 3 m long. Fruits hang in clusters under the leaves. One tree produces about 40 kg of fruit per year. Dates are eaten fresh, dried or rolled. Leaves are used to make hedges, weave baskets and shoes. Trunks are used as construction material.
V. Consolidation
1. Work with proverbs.
How do you understand the proverbs of the inhabitants of the desert:
A) “The sun in our country makes even stones scream”? (Daily fluctuations in air temperature do not withstand the rocks, they crack and collapse, because of this a sound similar to a scream is heard.)
B) People say about the palm tree: "The queen of the desert, she always keeps her head on fire and her feet in the water" (The heat of the Saharan sun and the cool, moist soil are the two conditions under which the date tree generously rewards a person with its fruits.)
2. Formulate the main rule of the life of people in the desert. (The life of people in the desert is possible only in oases, on irrigated lands they are engaged in agriculture.)
3. Let's draw conclusions on the topic of the lesson using games "Tell me a word":
Deserts occupy large areas in the north and south … (Africa). There is no continuous vegetable … (cover). The fauna of the deserts is richer … (vegetable). Animals and plants have adapted to life in hot weather. … (climate). The main condition for life in the desert is the ability to do without ... (water). rich in oases … (vegetation). This is where the main population lives. … (deserts).
4.Problem question:“Why does the desert have two masters, the sun and the wind?” (The sun is the master, because it is always hot there. The sun sends almost direct rays to this territory, because the deserts lie close to the equator. The wind is also the master of the desert, because there are almost no trees there, and nothing prevents it.)
VI. Lesson summary