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Drainage systems: from pipe selection to installation

When arranging suburban area many do not think about the drainage system, which often leads to flooding, the negative impact of dampness on all buildings. Of course, if your site is flat, and the soils are permeable and fertile, then drainage may not be necessary, but such ideal conditions are extremely rare.

When installing a drainage, drainage system, it is necessary to solve a number of issues, among which are: which pipes are better to choose, what type of drainage will be (open or closed), how to independently lay the entire system. The task of installing drainage for a summer residence is a priority in such cases:

• if the soil is clayey;
• when the cottage is located in a lowland, on slopes, near the slopes of a hill;
• in the presence of a high level of precipitation;
• at the occurrence of soil water at a small level from the surface.

Benefits of using plastic pipes

Dacha is the place where we spend most time in summer. The participation of a caring, skillful hand is simply necessary here! Installed today summer houses and cottages, plant lush gardens and extensive vegetable gardens, but in order to ensure the safety of the buildings and the excellent condition of the greenery, it is necessary to carry out a drainage system.

As the main materials for drainage systems are used plastic pipes, which provide fast, efficient retraction ground water and precipitation, excess moisture from the house and garden, they are easy to maintain, they do not need to be cleaned or changed often. You can equip drainage systems with your own hands, they have the following advantages:

• long service life;
• lack of severe blockages;
• quick and easy maintenance, self-cleaning capability;
• ease of installation with your own hands;
• relatively low price.

Today, for laying drainage systems with their own hands, pipes such as:

• PVC drainage with perforation;
• polypropylene drainage with special filter materials;
• polyethylene low and high pressure- are considered the best option for laying drainage in summer cottages, as they are distinguished by low price and high quality.

Installation of pipes on the site

For do-it-yourself drainage, it can be carried out in two ways, including ring, regular, head and coastal. This so-called deep drainage, which is the following system:

• a trench with a depth determined depending on factors such as soil type, groundwater location, type of precipitation in the region;
• sand and gravel cushion;
• special, which are easily connected to each other with their own hands using fittings and couplings;
• layer of filter geotextile.

Such a system, which is well suited for a summer cottage, is considered quite difficult to install, but it allows you to completely protect buildings from excess moisture. Before planning work, it is necessary to conduct geological surveys.

We select the best for the drainage system

Properly equipped drainage is sometimes a real salvation for the land. What system options are available?

The choice is a rather responsible matter that will affect the quality of the system. All pipes (it is best to take plastic ones) should be distinguished by durability, strength, acceptable cost, simple installation. The service life of plastic pipes is usually at least fifty years. If you take cheaper ones, then such a system will have to be changed soon.

Choice drainage pipes carried out depending on the type of soil, which is divided into four types: sandy, loam, clay, crushed stone. For crushed stone soils, pipes made of plastic with perforation, but without filter material, are excellent. For sandy soils, a pipe is selected that is protected from sand entering the system and with a geotextile filter. Installation of a drainage system can take a different amount of time, it all depends on the amount of work. For clay soils, pipes with a coconut fiber filter are suitable, for loamy soils - with geotextiles, which act as a filter material.

When determining which pipes are better, pay attention to the material of their manufacture, most often it is plastic, which has many advantages. Great importance it also has a type of filter material, which allows you to protect the pipes for drainage from blockages, ingress of soil particles, sand.

Open and closed drainage

Installation of drainage in the country can be carried out by two methods: deep (closed) and surface (open). These types of drainage systems are quite different from each other:

• deep systems are necessary with a high occurrence of soil water, they serve to protect the house, ground floor, cellars, kitchen gardens;
• installation of a surface system serves to drain water that has fallen in the form of precipitation, often open drainage systems are combined with storm sewers.

An example of an open pipe drainage system. An open system is used to collect water from the surface of the site and drain water flowing from the roofs on the site.

To determine exactly which type of system is required for the site, soil geology should be performed. Such services are now provided by many specialized companies.

Drainage systems for a summer cottage can be installed with your own hands, for this you need to perform the following work:

• drawn up detailed diagram passage of drainage pipes, after which material calculations are performed;
• when laying the drainage system, one should not forget about the presence of revision wells that will allow servicing the entire system;
• when laying, do not forget that the drainage pipes should go with a slope ranging from two to ten millimeters for each m of pipe.

For work, in addition to drainage pipes, the following materials and tools will be needed:

• digging shovel;
• hacksaw or special scissors for;
• directly drainage pipes, fittings and couplings for their connection;
• river sand, gravel with a fraction of 20-40 mm;
• geotextile.

Closed drainage

Mounting closed drainage is considered the most difficult, since pipes and all other elements of the system must be buried in the ground. The work process is as follows:

• a trench of the required depth is dug;
• sand is poured at the bottom with a layer 7-10 cm high, which must be carefully compacted;
• geotextile is laid in a continuous layer on the sand, its edges should slightly rise to the sides of the trench;
• then comes a layer of gravel, which should be 20 cm (limestone crushed stone is not allowed!);
• drainage pipes are laid with holes down, interconnected;
• a layer of gravel is poured on top, the edges of the geotextile are wrapped - such a system allows water to penetrate into the pipes without retaining soil particles;
• a collector well is arranged, which should be at the lowest point of the dacha site.

Closed drainage is divided into the following types:

• regular (systematic) horizontal drainage;
• ring drainage for flood protection;
• head drainage;
• coastal drainage.

Surface drainage

Installation of surface drainage is much simpler, it is mainly designed to effectively drain rain and melt water. Do-it-yourself construction steps for such a system include:

• a drainage scheme is marked on the site, after which trenches are dug 70 cm deep and 50 cm wide;
• when arranging ditches, one should not forget about the slope of the system to the main collector, where all the water will be collected (in the future it can be used to water the garden);
• the walls of the ditch should be made beveled, not straight.

When constructing such a system, drainage pipes are not used; special trays made of concrete, plastic, concrete-polymer are used, on top of which there are convenient gratings. Trays are mounted in a ditch on a layer of sand, grates are attached on top to collect debris and foliage.

Installing drainage for a summer cottage is a responsible matter that must be started with planning, choosing the type of system, determining which pipes are best in a particular case. Often you can not do without a specialist who will tell you what type of drainage is needed, to what depth the pipes will lie. We wish you good luck and excellent drainage system!

What diameter of the drainage pipe to choose for lowering groundwater?

There is a lot of information on the purpose of drainage on the Internet now, so I don’t really want to describe the same thing several times. By by and large everyone decides for himself - he needs drainage in order to save the foundation, and the house as a whole, from dampness, cracks, or apply the saying "enough for our lifetime."

I have more than 20 years of experience in lowering groundwater and sewerage, so I don’t want to convince, but just give examples and some comparisons.

What all the same to choose a drainage pipe - with a diameter of 63mm., Or 110mm.

Let's turn to school curriculum and find a table that indicates the parameters of water flow with a nominal diameter of the pipe passage equal to 63mm.

It turns out that a drainage pipe with a diameter of 63 mm., Is able to skip from 12 to 15m3 water in hour. , per day, respectively, at least 288m3., Water.

If we take into account that not a single ground vein gives such a pressure of the flow underground at such a speed, we conclude that it is quite enough to lower the groundwater along the foundation to use a drainage pipe with a conditional passage of 63 mm.

From my own experience, I can say that after the installation of the drainage system is completed, the largest water pressure is 1/3 of the diameter of the laid drainage pipe.

To summarize: the rate of groundwater residence is very low, with the correct laying of the drainage system and its timely selection from the receiving well, a long and uninterrupted operation of the system is guaranteed even when using a drainage pipe with a diameter of 63mm..

This article discusses groundwater drainage pipes: a complete classification of drainage products, their advantages, characteristics and main parameters are presented. Thanks to this information, you will learn how to select the appropriate types of pipes for certain types of drainage systems in accordance with their requirements, soil conditions, etc.

Groundwater drainage pipes: an introduction to the topic

The drainage pipe acts as the main building element, on the basis of which a drainage system is formed, designed to drain areas. This element is responsible for collecting and diverting groundwater, melt and rainwater outside the territory with their preliminary filtration.

Installing large diameter drainage pipes allows you to cope with problems such as:

• increased soil moisture;
• mold formation;
• flooding of the site, the foundation of a residential building and buildings for household purposes, as well as cellars;
• permafrost formation;
• the appearance of puddles on paved surfaces;
• formation of ice on footpaths;
• rotting of the roots of garden flowers, vegetable crops and other vegetation due to an excess of moisture in the garden and suburban areas.

Features of drainage pipes with partial perforation, full or no perforation

If we talk about the general classification of products for drainage systems, the range is represented by the following types of pipes (by type of material):

• asbestos-cement;
• ceramic;
• plastic drainage pipes with and without perforation, as well as with its partial presence.

However, most construction companies have already abandoned the use of pipes made of ceramic or asbestos cement due to the numerous disadvantages inherent in them:

Large weight, requiring significant costs for transportation and installation, because the installation of such dimensional products cannot do without the use of specialized construction equipment.

The slow process of installing a drainage system, which can only be carried out by the hands of professionals.

Low performance. Drainage pipes without perforation are usually on sale, so the holes are made manually. Because of this, during operation, the pipeline clogs faster, so frequent cleaning is required, and in some cases a complete replacement of elements.

The construction of systems based on them is much more expensive than in the case of using plastic elements.

Comparative pricing table:

Advantages of plastic drainage pipes: HDPE and PVC

Polymer products (plastic) are in many ways superior in performance to asbestos-cement and ceramic products for drainage.

List of their advantages:

• Long service life.
• High strength index.
• Complete immunity to corrosion.
• Light weight, which facilitates not only the transportation process, but also the installation procedure, as well as speeding up the time for its implementation.
• Due to the presence in the assortment of a large number of connecting elements (fittings, tees, etc.), the installation of the system is fast, reliable, and convenient.
• The smooth surface prevents dirt from sticking, delaying the clogging process.
• The use of drainage pipes in geotextiles of 200 mm or more eliminates the possibility of system silting.
• All installation work can be done by hand, since this does not require special education, construction equipment and special equipment are not needed.

On the example of drainage corrugated pvc pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, you could see that the cost of these products can also be attributed to the significant advantages of plastic products.

The range of plastic pipes includes several categories of products:

• polyvinyl chloride;
• polyethylene;
• polypropylene.

The most popular on the market are pipes for drainage systems made of PVC.

Features of PVC drainage pipes: product classification according to different criteria

Products made of PVC and other polymeric materials can be divided into the following categories:

• two-layer and single-layer;
• flexible pipes (produced in coils, the length of which is 40-50 m);
• rigid products for drainage systems (their length is fixed, the assortment includes pipes from 6 to 12 m long);

• products with different strength classes (letter marking SN: 2,4,6,8,16);
• pipes with and without filter wrap.

Prices for drainage pipes 200 mm (with and without geotextile):

Products presented for sale can have a diameter of 50 to 200 mm. There are also more massive options related to large diameter drainage pipes.

Characteristics of perforated drainage pipes

Flexible single-layer perforated products can be used at depths of no more than 3 m. The pipe class also indirectly indicates the recommended laying depth. In the case of SN2 pipes, the depth should not exceed 2 m, SN4 - no more than 3 m.

Double-layer pipes have a smooth inner surface. In this case, the outer side is corrugated. As a rule, such products have a ring strength of SN6. When arranging the drainage system, lengths of no more than 4 m are used. Coconut fiber or geotextiles can be attached to them as a filter. On sale there are products without a filter.

Flexible drainage corrugated perforated pipes are marked with class SN8. Supplied with or without filter media. Designed for deep laying - up to 10 m. Two-layer products of the same class allow you to deepen the system by no more than 8 m. They are made without a filter.

The average price of drainage pipes 160 mm and 110 mm with perforation and corrugation (3 m):

Features of Perfocor products: products for drainage systems

Perfocor pipes are successfully used for water drainage. Perforations on their surface allow water to penetrate into the products. After that, it is transported further along sewer system or displayed in an artificial or natural reservoir.

The scope of application extends to the construction of:

• buildings for various purposes;
• roads;
• stadiums;
• airports;
• as well as reclamation of agricultural land.

The connection of corrugated perforated drainage pipes Perfokor is carried out in several ways. For this, a combination of a coupling and an o-ring or butt welding can be used.

Due to the fact that the rubber gasket is placed inside the corrugation during the connection of the system elements, this part cannot move during the installation process. The rubber gasket intended for connection has the same profile as the pipes. Therefore, the possibility of pipeline leakage, as well as groundwater ingress is excluded.

Specificity of corrugated perforated drainage pipes with geotextile

As an effective addition to the pipeline, increasing the terms of its operational service, are used different kinds filters. These materials include geotextile fabric and coconut fiber.

Corrugated perforated drainage pipes with geofabric 160 mm or more are products with a large number of rationally located holes, as well as stiffeners. These small holes are placed in the depression that forms between the corrugations.

The stiffening ribs ensure an even distribution of the pressure exerted by the soil on the pipe. Due to the fact that the load is distributed over the entire length of the pipe, the drainage system can withstand not only soil pressure, but also all additional loads that occur.

These types of pipes are used for laying a pipeline at a depth of 0.7-6 m. Due to the large number of holes that fall on 1 mp on a special profile of the product, water is quickly collected, passed through the entire system and drained outside the suburban area .

The price of a drainage pipe in a geotextile filter 160 mm, 90 mm and 110 mm:

Diameters of drainage pipes and features of the use of their elements

If you undertake to create a drainage system on the site with your own hands, you should take into account the following recommendations:

The effectiveness of the system depends on how correct your choice of pipe diameter is.

A perforated product with a diameter of 110 mm is capable of draining a section from water within a radius of 5 m. This information should be taken into account when designing a drainage layout.

Pipes must be laid with a slope in the direction where the well or septic tank will be installed.

The process of connecting all elements of the pipeline must be technologically correct.

Pipes with a diameter of 63 mm are used on a par with 110 mm products. Each such element has a network of small holes.

Experts recommend buying a drainage pipe 63 in a geotextile filter for use in areas that are located in lowlands or in areas where there is high level ground water. This material can be used for arranging drainage in the construction of a cellar, an underground garage, as well as modern-type cottages with a basement.

Choosing a pipe for a drainage system according to the type of soil on the site

The foundation part of any structure can be eroded by groundwater even at a depth of 1.5-2 m. Groundwater includes components that can destroy the foundation. Waterproofing in such cases is powerless, so you have to resort to more drastic measures - the construction of a drainage system. In this case, the type of soil, as well as the degree of its moisture content, should be taken into account.

An increased water content in the soil can lead to freezing and rotting of plants, the appearance of fungi on them and on fruit trees, as well as swamping of the territory. In this case, it is recommended to use corrugated pipes made of polyethylene. With their help, you will provide a budget and fast drainage system that will relieve groundwater pressure and significantly reduce their level.

Soil types and optimal materials:

Characteristics of 300 mm plastic drainage pipe

Plastic pipes for drainage systems have proven to be durable, reliable products. They are economical and efficient. The use of polymer products can significantly reduce the cost of electrical energy and money for the performance of work on drainage of the site. Such a system can last for 40-50 years.

The technology of arranging the drainage system involves the use of filter materials, as a rule, geotextiles.

The average price of a 300 mm drainage pipe made of polymers is 200-300 rubles / m. n. If the products do not have sockets, their cost is reduced by about 50-100 rubles. In drainage systems, similar options for cast iron pipes are used. Their cost is in the range of 350-450 rubles / m. P.

Regardless of the size of the products, the system is always installed at an angle and in each case it is worth adhering to certain parameters. Installation of pipes with a diameter of 300 mm is carried out with a slope of at least 3 mm. Since this type of product can meet the stiffness classes SN6 and SN8, the pipeline can be laid to a depth of more than 2 m.

Characteristics of large diameter drainage pipes for a ditch

The choice of pipe diameter also depends on the inflow of groundwater. In other words, the selection of products for the drainage system is based on an indicator that reflects the amount of water that passes in 1 second.

Other factors come into play here:

• groundwater level;
• the amount of excess moisture;
• nature of the landscape.

Corrugated PVC drainage pipes with a diameter of 500 mm, 400 mm and 630 mm are two-layer products. Their double walls have a corrugated coating on the outside, and their surface is smooth on the inside.

Due to the presence of corrugations, the pipe walls exhibit high resistance to the occurrence of any deformation changes under the influence of loads. In the assortment of the modern construction market, you can find products corresponding to the following classes of ring stiffness:

• SN16.

This diversity allows you to lay the pipeline at different depths. Polymer pipes large diameters have a wide operating temperature range. Extreme points correspond to -40°С and +60°С.

The average price of drainage pipes 400 mm, 500 mm and 630 mm (Perfokor):

Work on the construction of a drainage system on the site is most often carried out simultaneously with its development. In order for the drainage system to function, it is necessary to organize the maximum flow of water to it. The indicator that determines the access of moisture to the pipeline is called the permeability of the soil. To increase it, sprinkling with special filtration materials is used.

These materials include:

• gravel;
• crushed stone;
• pebble.

Thanks to the filter, the volume of liquid from the area entering the system increases. So that the drainage system is not filled with silt and dirt, the speed of water flow through the pipes must be at least 0.2 m / s.

Common mistakes when laying a drainage system:

• the use of pipes that are not intended for installation in a certain type of soil (for example, the use of a pipe without a geotextile filter on a clay soils);
• lack of filtering dusting;
• lack of necessary slopes;
• backfilling trenches with non-filtering soil;
• untimely removal of accumulated liquid from the collection well.

The effective operation of the drainage system depends not only on compliance with the installation technology, but also on Maintenance pipeline during further operation.

Drainage maintenance involves regular check systems for blockage and malfunctions, elimination of those when they are detected. In addition, it is necessary to systematically monitor the state of the groundwater level in the territory. suburban area to know how effectively the sewage system copes with the removal of excess moisture. It also does not hurt to check the quality of groundwater.

Due to the timely implementation of scheduled repair and preventive maintenance, as well as troubleshooting, you can not only increase the service life of the pipeline, but also eliminate the likelihood of accidents.

Note! A large volume of melt and storm water can provoke a rise in the groundwater level. The appearance of such a situation is highly undesirable, since as a result, the destructive effect on the foundation part of the building, as well as all elements landscape design located on the site.

• increased soil moisture;
• mold formation;
• permafrost formation;

• asbestos-cement;
• ceramic;

1. Large weight, requiring significant costs for transportation and installation, because the installation of such dimensional products cannot do without the use of specialized construction equipment.
2. The slow process of installing a drainage system, which can only be carried out by the hands of professionals.
3. Low performance. Drainage pipes without perforation are usually on sale, so the holes are made manually. Because of this, during operation, the pipeline clogs faster, so frequent cleaning is required, and in some cases a complete replacement of elements.
4. The construction of systems based on them is much more expensive than in the case of using plastic elements.

Installation of a water drainage system on land plot using perforated corrugated plastic pipes

Note! The table shows the average price of drainage pipes 200 mm from various materials. There are other diameter options, however, in products made of ceramics, asbestos cement and plastic, the standard dimensional parameters do not match. Therefore, for comparison, a drainage pipe diameter of 200 mm was taken, which is present in the assortment of all these products.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: product classification

Drainage pipes for draining groundwater from a suburban area: types of products, their characteristics, prices and features of use in drainage systems.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: complete product classification

Thickening machines for wood: prices and characteristics of devices

Connection of wires in a junction box for electrical wiring

This article discusses groundwater drainage pipes: a complete classification of drainage products, their advantages, characteristics and main parameters are presented. Thanks to this information, you will learn how to select the appropriate types of pipes for certain types of drainage systems in accordance with their requirements, soil conditions, etc.

Corrugated pipe walls are highly resistant to any deformation changes under the influence of loads

• 1 Drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater: an introduction to the topic
  • 1.1 Features of drainage pipes with partial perforation, full or no perforation
  • 1.2 Advantages of plastic drainage pipes: HDPE and PVC
• 2 Features of PVC drainage pipes: product classification according to different criteria
  • 2.1 Characteristics of perforated drainage pipes
  • 2.2 Product features Perfocor: products for drainage systems
  • 2.3 Specificity of corrugated perforated drainage pipes with geotextile
• 3 Diameters of drainage pipes and features of the use of their elements
  • 3.1 Choosing a pipe for a drainage system according to the type of soil on the site
  • 3.2 Specification of 300mm plastic drain pipe
  • 3.3 Characteristics of large diameter drainage pipes for a ditch
• 4 Additional recommendations for the use of pipes

Groundwater drainage pipes: an introduction to the topic

The drainage pipe acts as the main building element, on the basis of which a drainage system is formed, designed to drain areas. This element is responsible for collecting and diverting groundwater, melt and rainwater outside the territory with their preliminary filtration.

Drainage system helps to get rid of excess water in the area

Installing large diameter drainage pipes allows you to cope with problems such as:

• increased soil moisture;
• mold formation;
• flooding of the site, the foundation of a residential building and buildings for household purposes, as well as cellars;
• permafrost formation;
• the appearance of puddles on paved surfaces;
• formation of ice on footpaths;
• rotting of the roots of garden flowers, vegetables and other vegetation due to an excess of moisture in the garden and summer cottages.

Features of drainage pipes with partial perforation, full or no perforation

If we talk about the general classification of products for drainage systems, the range is represented by the following types of pipes (by type of material):

• asbestos-cement;
• ceramic;
• plastic drainage pipes with and without perforation, as well as with its partial presence.

On the market building materials drainage pipes are represented by a wide variety of types and sizes

However, most construction companies have already abandoned the use of pipes made of ceramic or asbestos cement due to the numerous disadvantages inherent in them:

Which pipes are better to choose, their types, applications and installation

Characteristics and laying of drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater

The drainage system is an important component of the improvement of the site, its basis is drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater. They can be made from different materials and have different diameters. They should be selected based on the characteristics of the site. This article will be devoted to this.

What is a drainage system for?

A drainage device for the removal of groundwater is required:

• on the territory adjacent to a large reservoir;
• on a site with swampy soil;
• if there is a high level of humidity in the area;
• when it hits the lot a large number of precipitation.

Drainage is necessary to drain the courtyard due to the removal of excess water from various sources:

• it may be precipitation;
• melt moisture;
• underground and irrigation water.

Due to excess water:

1. Plants may die. Soil impregnated with water does not allow oxygen to pass through. The nutrients that plants need are washed out of it.
2. Due to the softening of the soil, the foundation of buildings can sag. Including your home may suffer.
3. There is a deformation of garden beds and garden paths.

To prevent such problems, drainage systems are being laid to divert ground and other waters.

Types of drainage elements

According to the material of manufacture, the drainage pipeline can be:

Pipes from the first three materials are now rarely used, as they have many disadvantages:

1. They weigh a lot. Therefore, their transportation and installation is quite expensive. It is necessary to mount the system using special equipment.
2. Installation of ceramic, concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines is also difficult to implement. It is produced only by specialists.
3. Such products have low networks performance characteristics. Its elements in most cases are not equipped with holes. Pipes have to be perforated manually. As a result, they clog faster and need to be cleaned regularly.

Plastic products

Polymer products for groundwater drainage are superior in quality to analogues from other materials. Its advantages:

• long service life;
• sufficient level of strength;
• resistance to aggressive chemical environments;
• low weight, thanks to this, pipes are easy to lay, this process is carried out quickly;
• due to the smoothness of the inner walls, deposits do not grow on them, so the pipeline does not clog for a long time;
• the use of geotextiles during installation prevents silting of the structure;
• you can bury the system on your own, this does not require special skills and special equipment;
• plastic drainage is inexpensive.

Products are made from three types of polymer:

• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polyethylene low pressure(PND);
• polypropylene (PP).

PVC drains are most in demand. Polymer products can be:

• one- and two-layer;
• flexible (supplied in coils up to 50 meters long);
• rigid (their length can be 6-12 meters);
• perforated (in whole or in part);
• wrapped in filter material.

In addition, plastic products for water drainage are divided into strength classes (ring stiffness). They are designated by the letters SN and the numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16.

Drainage part diameters

Drainage structures have different diameters - from 50 millimeters to 425. This makes it possible to equip drainage networks of different capacities. For the removal of large volumes of water a large cross-section network is required -30-40 cm.

For domestic networks, in most cases, products with a passage of up to 20 cm are enough. They are most in demand in drain sections with a cross section of 11 cm.

To calculate the diameter of the network, it is necessary to take into account the features of the site:

1. Moisture level and type of soil.
2. Filtration coefficient.
3. The depth of soil freezing.
4. Water inflow dimensions, etc.

When it is necessary to drain a courtyard with an area of ​​​​up to 400 m², pipes with a cross section of 11 cm will suffice. Products of the same size are also laid to drain the foundation of the building. The radius of groundwater discharge by a pipe with a cross section of 11 cm is 5 meters.

The drainage system can be wrapped with geotextile. It will filter the garbage. The width of the trench in this case should be 0.4 m more than the cross section of the network elements.

For large areas, large-diameter drainage pipes for ditches (20 cm) are used. The depth of their laying is approximately 8 m, taking into account the pressing load from the soil.

LDPs (large diameter pipes) with a diameter of 31.5 and 42.5 cm are mine and are used in most cases to equip a drainage well. Such products withstand maximum pressure loads.

Which drain to choose according to the characteristics

Bending single-layer products equipped with perforations, can be used at a depth of no more than 3 meters. The category of products by ring stiffness can also indicate the desired depth. For example, SN-2 products can be buried no more than 2 meters, and SN-4 - 3 meters.

At the two-layer drainage smooth inner walls. Its outer layer is corrugated. In most cases, the strength of such products is SN-6. When laying the drainage network, two-layer elements with a length of no more than 4 meters are used. As a filter layer, they can be wrapped with geotextile or coconut fibers.

Flexible single-layer perforated and corrugated products belong to the SN-8 strength class. They can be equipped with a textile filter or supplied without it. They can be laid to a depth of 10 meters. Two-layer drains of this type are buried no more than 8 meters. They do not come with a filter.

Elements for storm sewers

In a storm drainage system, the liquid is discharged by gravity, i.e. external compression action is not applied. Therefore, there are no special pressure requirements for such a sewer network. Only one strength parameter is important here - storm drainage, when it is instilled, must withstand the weight of the backfill.

Minimum requirements for thermal resistance of products. The operation of the stormwater does not occur at high temperatures. The only condition is that drains should not lose strength in winter, with a negative temperature regime. In a well-designed and installed storm drainage system, moisture will not stagnate. Therefore, there will be no risk of freezing the network.

When underground pipe laying is used, they are exposed to aggressive chemicals that are dissolved in water or are in the ground. Based on this, the most important condition for the selection of drainage elements is their inertness to such compositions and resistance to corrosion.

The most important quality of a storm network is its throughput. The required cross-section of drains is determined at the stage of system planning. Most often, elements with a diameter of at least 11 cm are used for drainage.

Another condition for the effective functioning of storm sewers is the lowest possible level of hydraulic resistance inside the pipes. The walls of the products should be as smooth as possible. Then dirt and debris will almost not settle on them.

The length of storm drains can be different. However, it is best to choose elements with a maximum length. So you reduce the number of interfaces in the system - this will increase its efficiency and reduce the cost of laying.

Selection of drainage products for groundwater drainage

The foundation of buildings can be washed away by subsoil moisture at depths of up to 2 meters. At the same time, substances that contribute to the destruction of building materials can be dissolved in groundwater.

Waterproofing in this case is of little help. The best option- this is the instillation of a drainage pipeline. When designing it, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil and its level of moisture.

The increased content of liquid in the earth leads to freezing, rotting, diseases of plant crops, waterlogging of the farmstead. To prevent this from happening, for drainage it is necessary to choose corrugated products made from low-pressure polyethylene.

Optimal types of pipes for different types soils are presented in the table:

Drainage pipe manufacturers

Now more and more factories are being opened that produce pipes, including those for drainage systems. However, most often used products that are produced by proven and well-known manufacturers. Among Russian companies this is:

Among foreign manufacturers companies' products are in demand:

In fact, the manufacturing technology of drains is the same everywhere. Therefore, all factory products have approximately the same quality. The only difference is in the cost of the products.

Laying a drainage pipe with your own hands

Before laying the drainage structure, it is necessary to carry out its calculation and select the optimal type of pipes. The project will require a site plan. As well as geodetic data, they can be found in the regional department of land use:

1. Seasonal depth of underground water.
2. Features and structure of the soil.
3. The average annual amount of precipitation and flood moisture that falls on the site.

Knowing these parameters, professionals will carry out necessary calculations and determine to what depth to bury the drainage pipes and their diameter.

The arrangement of the network for the removal of liquid is carried out as follows:

The structure is brought into a ditch, a nearby body of water, or storm sewer. At the end of the outlet pipe put check valve . When it is impossible to equip such an exit, a storage well is mounted. When it is completely filled with volumes of water, it is pumped out using a pump.

When arranging drainage for draining liquid on the site, do not forget that the entrance to it must also be equipped with a pipe. There, it will be necessary to bury the product with maximum ring stiffness in the ditch.

When installing a drainage system, one should not make mistakes that entail a violation of its operation. The most common of them:

1. Insufficient drainage depth. This may lead to a failure of the water balance of the territory.
2. The use of products for the removal of liquids that are not suitable for site conditions. This leads to the rapid termination of the network.
3. Incorrectly selected network slope angle. This will lead to problems with the removal of groundwater on the site.

Cleaning the drainage system

During maintenance of the groundwater drainage structure, it is necessary to periodically check whether it is clogged or out of order. When problems arise, they are promptly eliminated.

You should also regularly check the level of underground water in the courtyard of the site. So you will be aware of the efficiency with which the drainage copes with the removal of excess fluid. Thanks to timely preventive and repair measures, you will be able not only to extend the life of the drainage, but also to stop the risk of accidents.

The drainage structure should be flushed regularly. So you stop its clogging or get rid of it if it has already happened. For maximum washing efficiency, it is necessary to choose the method that will be most suitable in each individual case. There are three such methods in total.

The first one uses an ordinary hose for irrigation. It is introduced into the drainage pipeline and delivers pressurized water jets into it. They wash away deposits and blockages from the inner walls of the network.

The garden hose is flexible, and the water pressure from the domestic water supply is not too strong. Therefore, this method is used to clear minor blockages in short sections of the drainage network.

In the second washing method, a compressor is used. It is more efficient than a conventional hose. It supplies mixed air and moisture inside the drainage structure. They effectively and quickly clean the network from the inside. When using a compressor, it is possible to regulate the pressure. Therefore, this method can be used in most cases of clogging.

The third way is hydrodynamic. It uses a compressor pump and a hose with special nozzles. Water with their help is supplied inside the drains under strong pressure. Its jets cut deposits from the pipe walls. The system is then flushed under high pressure to remove residual dirt. This cleaning method is the most effective.

By choosing any of the three methods given, you will need to access both sides drainage branch. Water jets will flow from one end, and its diversion will be provided from the other.

Conclusion

Self-laying a drainage pipe into a ditch is quite feasible. At the same time, professionals should be entrusted with the necessary calculations and the creation of a draft drainage system. Direct installation of the pipeline is not so difficult. The main thing at the same time is to strictly follow the installation rules, maintain the desired slope of the network, securely connect its elements and equip manholes.

Drainage pipes for draining groundwater - laying and installation of a drainage system in a ditch, to what depth to bury

Consider the characteristics and methods of laying drainage pipes for draining groundwater, learn how to choose a pipe for the system and what diameter, to what depth to bury

Drainage pipes for groundwater

The depth of groundwater is determined by the geological structure of the area and may vary depending on the amount of precipitation and spring snowmelt. Rise in groundwater level by personal plot can lead to the following problems:

• flooding of the foundation of buildings, basements and cellars;
• the formation of frozen layers and an increase in soil heaving;
• high humidity and waterlogging;
• the appearance of non-drying puddles and ice on the footpaths;
• rotting of the roots of trees and plants.

Solving the issue of removing excess water from upper layers soil can become drainage pipes for draining groundwater, combined into single system. Thanks to this, the level of groundwater can be reduced to normal limits by withdrawing it into a reservoir or lowland with the provision of preliminary filtration, which excludes washing away of the soil.

The principle of operation of water drainage systems is very simple. Perforated pipes are laid along the perimeter of the building or around it at the required depth, into which moisture enters through the holes and is transported to intermediate, rotary and prefabricated wells. After that, the water is diverted through pipelines to the nearest reservoir, lowland or any other water collector.

Types and characteristics of pipes used

According to the type of material, pipes for groundwater drainage are divided into:

In turn, polymer pipelines can be made of vinyl plastic, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene. The inner surface of plastic pipes is smooth, and the outer casing is made of corrugated to increase the strength of the material.

Asbestos-cement and ceramic materials

To date, most construction companies and private developers have abandoned the use of ceramic and asbestos-cement pipes in drains. As the practice of construction and further operation has shown, these materials, in comparison with plastic, have a number of significant drawbacks, which include:

• high cost and high weight, which increases the cost of transportation;
• the need to use special equipment for laying heavy pipes;
• complex installation of joints, requiring special skills to perform chasing joints;
• lack of perforation, which has to be done manually on your own;
• increased roughness of the inner surface, which contributes to accelerated silting of pipelines.

These shortcomings contribute to a justified increase in demand for pipes made of polymer materials, specifically designed for drainage systems.

Polymer materials

Plastic pipes for groundwater drainage can be made from various raw materials. The most popular category, which has the best value for money, includes PVC products. Polyethylene, polypropylene and vinyl plastic are more expensive, but the quality remains at the same level.

By its design polymer pipes can be:

• single layer or double layer;
• different strength class, from SN2 to SN16;
• with or without a surface filter layer of geotextile;
• rolled into bays up to 50 m long or in the form of straight segments up to 12 meters.

Wherein polymer materials characterized by a long service life, high strength and resistance to moisture. Light weight and the presence of rubber seals greatly simplify the installation of pipelines, which can be done by hand. The smooth inner surface and the presence of a filter coating prevent silting and clogging of the system.

Polypropylene pipes.

Porous pipes

Such drains are made of plasto-concrete or expanded clay glass. These pipes do not have perforations, and the water in them seeps through the pores in the walls. Such a structure is convenient because it does not require an additional filter layer and surface sprinkling with crushed stone. However, the reduced strength of porous drains and their high cost limit their wide application.

The choice of pipes depending on the type of soil

When choosing the type of perforated pipes, it is necessary to take into account the geological structure of the soil on the site, since this factor significantly affects the saturation of the soil with moisture and the possibility of moisture passing into the lower layers. Depending on the geology of the soil, it is recommended to apply:

• on sandy soils - pipes with a filtering layer of fabric and the presence of surrounding gravel bedding;
• on clay soils - drains with or without a filter, surface and surrounding crushed stone bedding;
• on loam - pipe material with a filter without backfill;
• on chernozems - pipes without a filter with crushed stone around the line;
• in stony soils - perforated pipes without a fabric filter and crushed stone.

Therefore, the final decision on the choice of the type of drainage pipelines can be made on the basis of geophysical survey data at the site with the definition real level groundwater and the geological structure of the soil in sections.

Depth of drains and distances between lines

Single-layer drainage pipes for draining groundwater can be laid to a depth of no more than two meters. Further determination of the maximum depth of laying depends on the strength index. SN4 materials can be mounted to a depth of up to 3 meters, and SN6 - up to 4 m.

The distance between the drains depends on the depth of laying and the type of soil.

In the case of laying a pipeline under a roadway, a car park or at a great depth, the strength index must be at least SN10. Two-layer corrugated materials allow maximum depth up to 10 meters. In this case, the presence of a filter coating is optional.

When choosing diameters, it should be taken into account that one drain with a diameter of 110 mm is able to effectively drain groundwater from a strip 10-15 meters wide at a laying depth of 1.8-2.0 m and from a strip of 5-7 m at a depth of 0.5 meters. That is, the greater the depth of the pipes, the larger the area they can serve.

In addition, the type of soil and the average level of water occurrence should be taken into account. So on clay soils, the distance between adjacent drainage lines should not exceed 10 meters at any depth. In the case of loams, the maximum distance is 20 meters, and on sands - no more than 40 meters.

Experts determine the optimal depth of laying pipelines in the range of 1.5-2.0 meters. This will increase the distance between the drains and reduce the cost of the system.

Pipeline diameters and perforation methods

Enterprises produce plastic pipes for drains with a diameter of 63 to 1200 mm. For the installation of drainage systems in private construction, pipes up to 300 mm are used. Perforated dimensions 63-110 mm are laid in places where water is collected, and 110-300 mm without perforation - for transporting the collected moisture outside the building site. Pipelines with a diameter of more than 300 mm are used in industrial and civil construction of large facilities and agricultural land reclamation.

The diameter of the drainage section determines the number of perforations, and hence the amount of moisture collected from the soil. Therefore, in most cases, it is recommended to use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm with a laying depth at the starting point of 1.0-1.5 meters in private building plots.

The use of a 63 mm drain may be ineffective, and a 160 mm drain will lead to an overall rise in the cost of the system due to an increase in the cost of purchasing materials.

Pipe perforation can be performed by the manufacturer at the factory and independently, on products with a continuous surface. Pipe manufacturers use 4 ways to arrange holes:

• partial, with two holes at an angle of 120˚ in the upper part, while the length of the holes is a quarter of the diameter;
• with two holes at the bottom;
• with four holes in the upper half with a 40˚ angle between them;
• with six holes over the entire diameter of the pipe.

In the absence of perforation, it can be cut with your own hands using a grinder or other tool. In corrugated products, holes are made along the lower edge of the corrugation. In this case, all edges and the inner surface must be carefully cleaned from burrs and fallen plastic particles.

Perforation of corrugated HDPE pipes.

To provide filtration and protection against the ingress of contaminants, sold pipes may have an additional external coating of geotextile. If there is no filter layer, then you can also wrap the pipe with such material yourself.

Geotextile filter.

Connection methods

The applicable connection options depend on the type of pipes to be laid and the material from which they are made. Ceramic and asbestos-cement pipelines are connected using socket and socket elements with joint sealing with a cable or semi-dry cement, which are hammered into the connection by chasing. This method requires special skills and is performed only at a professional level.

Plastic pipes and other elements of the system are connected through a sliding socket with a rubber ring seal or using the technology of thermal end welding. In the first case, the assembly is quite simple and can be done independently.

During installation, the rubber seal and the pipe end must be lubricated with special assembly grease. This makes the job much easier.

End welding provides for a special welding machine and ability to operate the equipment. Therefore, this technology is used only by construction and installation companies.

Drainage pipe manufacturers

Materials for arranging groundwater drainage systems are manufactured at many enterprises in Russia and other countries. Among the most famous and popular Russian companies manufacturing polymer pipes, it should be noted:

The products of these manufacturers meet international standards and are quite affordable for most developers.

In addition, on the building materials market, you can purchase products from such foreign companies as:

The manufacturing technology and product quality of all manufacturers are approximately the same. But you have to pay more for the pipes of foreign companies, taking into account the costs of customs duties, transportation and a promoted brand. But the final decision on the choice of manufacturer should be made by the developer, based on their financial capabilities.

Prices for drainage pipes.

The device of the drainage system on the site

The drainage device on the site must be completed before or simultaneously with the construction of the foundation of the house. This will reduce the volume earthworks and arrange pipelines with maximum efficiency. To increase the flow of water to the drain around it, it is necessary to backfill an additional drainage layer of crushed stone, gravel or river pebbles.

The work should include the following steps:

Drawing up a scheme for laying pipelines on the site, choosing materials and marking on the ground. In the event that you do not have experience in organizing and conducting such work, contact a specialist for help in developing a scheme! It is possible that qualified assistance will allow you to avoid mistakes and unnecessary additional costs.

Excavation work, during which trenches and pits are dug for the installation of rotary and prefabricated wells. The bottom of the trenches should have a slope of 1-2% towards the runoff of the collected water. The width of the trench is equal to the diameter of the pipe with the addition of 0.4-0.5 meters. Depth is determined by the level of groundwater.

The slope of the drainage system.

Attention! When installing slopes, they should not be made more than 5%, since this can lead to a significant deepening of the pipeline at the finish point, as well as to too high speed water movement.

1. After excavation, the bottom of the trenches should be tamped and a leveling sand cushion 5-10 cm thick should be covered.
2. Install the drainage wells provided for by the scheme, which should be located at all places where the lines turn, converge flows and collect Wastewater. In addition, on straight lines, the distance between the wells should not exceed 30 meters to maintain the possibility of cleaning them during operation.
3. Lay the geotextile fabric in the trench so that its edges are exposed to the walls. After that, a layer of crushed stone, gravel or pebbles 15-20 cm thick should be covered.
4. Level the surface of the bulk material, compact and lay the pipes. The assembly of the pipeline begins with perforated drainage sections and is carried out in the direction of the place where water is collected or discharged into a reservoir.
5. Perform a control check of the correct laying of pipes. To do this, spill the pipelines in all directions with water, pouring it into the wells.
6. Completely fill the pipeline with crushed stone so that the surface of the stone exceeds the pipe by 20 cm. After that, tamping is not carried out so as not to damage the integrity of the pipe.

Laying in a trench.

Important! Pipes that do not have perforations are not covered with crushed stone, since they are lines that only transport water. It is enough to backfill with sand 8-10 cm thick.

Wrap the edges of the geotextile onto the surface of the bulk material. In this way, you will have a stone shell completely wrapped in cloth around the drain.

Drain laying scheme.

In conclusion, backfill the trenches and plan the territory.

It should be understood that any drainage system requires periodic monitoring of its technical condition. It is provided by inspection of wells for silting and throughput. If necessary, it is necessary to flush the pipelines from silt deposits.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: types, installation instructions

The solution to the issue of draining excess water from the upper layers of the soil can be drainage pipes for draining groundwater, combined into a single system.

If signs of stagnant water appear on the site: plant roots rot on the site, puddles do not dry out after rain for a long time, the ground remains constantly wet, ice forms in winter, and mold forms on the walls of the basement in the house, it means that it is necessary to lay drainage pipes under the ground for drainage .

Drainage pipes or drains are containers that serve to remove excess moisture from any piece of land.

Drainage systems from pipes - are considered more modern and convenient, because they are located underground, do not violate appearance area and do not cause injury.

There are two types of drains: collecting moisture and draining.

• The first type is distinguished by the presence of perforation - small holes through which water from the soil enters the drainage system. Such pipes are laid at an angle along the perimeter of the site or over its entire area. They carry excess water to drainage wells.
• The outlet drains do not have perforations. Water does not get into them from the ground, but from a drainage well. They do not collect moisture, but divert it from the well to specially designed places. Often such places are special collectors or ditches, natural reservoirs and cesspools.

There are pipes that not only collect water, but also filter it.

Some types of soil, for example, those containing crushed stone, themselves have a filtering ability. With such soil, the drainage system gets pure water, and it is not necessary to install drains with filters.

Otherwise, for example, if the soil consists of clay or loam, pipes without a filter will quickly fail.

Note! A special winding made of geotextile or coconut fiber serves as a filter. Thanks to an additional layer between the soil and the pipe, only water enters the drainage system. This is important because the more impurities the water contains, the more often the drain pipes will have to be cleaned.

Types of drainage systems

There are many varieties of both pipe and pipeless drainage systems.