Possessive pronoun in German. Possessive and personal pronouns in German. Declension of possessive pronouns

Meaning pronouns in German very large. Often they can be replaced by a noun, adjective, numeral, article. In a sentence, a pronoun can be the subject. With the help of pronouns, interrogative or impersonal sentences, denials are composed. This topic is quite extensive and requires in-depth study. master pronouns in German table will help.

Personal pronouns in German

Personal pronomen

_________
* Sie - polite form you

Declension of personal pronouns

For example:

Ich warte auf dich. I'm waiting for you.
Ich (I) - nominative case.
Dich (you) is the accusative case of the pronoun du (you).

Ihm gefällt Deutschland. He likes Germany.
Ihm (him) is the dative case of the pronoun er (he).

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronoun in German is nothing more than the genitive case (Genetiv) of personal pronouns. It is formed as follows:

For example:

Ich liebe deine Schwester. I love your sister.
Ich is a personal pronoun.
Deine is a possessive pronoun.

Indefinite pronouns in German

Indefinite pronouns include such pronouns as: jemand, etwas, einer, mancher, alles, irgendein and others. This group also includes the indefinite personal pronoun man. In a sentence, they act as the subject or object (everything except man, which is only the subject).

For example:

Alles ist in Ordnung. Everything is fine.
Sie muss etwas undern. She must change something.
Man kann dieses Fahrrad reparieren. This bike can be fixed.

Relative pronouns in German

Performing a function allied word, relative pronouns are used in complex sentences.

Das ist die Frau, deren Auto vor dem Haus steht. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house.

To relative pronoun relate: wer, was, welcher, der. The pronouns der, das, die are formed as follows:

Demonstrative pronouns in German

AT German sentence demonstrative pronouns most often act as a definition, however, in some cases, they can take on the role of a subject or object. The majority of demonstrative pronouns are declined in the same way as the definite article.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
Dieser(this), der(that), jener(that), Solcher(such), derselbe(the same), selbst(himself), etc.

For example:

Dieses Buch macht mir spas. This book gives me pleasure.
Dieses (this one) - demonstrative pronoun, cf., im.p.
Mir (to me) - personal pronoun, dat.pad. from ich.

The topic "Pronouns in German" is very extensive. In this article, we have considered only some of the most basic types of pronouns and how to decline them.

Possessive pronouns in German indicate the ownership of an object and answer the question wessen? (whose? whose? whose? whose?). Each personal pronoun in German has its own possessive pronoun:

• ich - mein (I am mine);
• du - dein (you are yours);
• er - sein (he - him);
• sie - ihr (she - her);
• es - sein (it is his);
• wir - unser (we are ours);
• ihr - euer (you are yours);
• sie - ihr (they - them);
• Sie - Ihr (You are yours).

Like the personal pronoun, the possessive pronoun has three persons, singular and plural, and a polite form of address. Moreover, the 3rd person singular has three genders.

Possessive pronouns in German

Declension of possessive pronouns in German

Possessive pronouns in German are used primarily as a definition. They agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they define.

Possessive pronouns are declined in the singular as an indefinite article, and in plural as a definite article.

Declension of the possessive pronoun mein

According to the type of the possessive pronoun mein, all other possessive pronouns (dein, sein, ihr, etc.) also decline. The pronoun euer in the genitive, dative and accusative case loses -e:

Genitiv - eures, Dativ - eurem, Akkusativ - euren.

Possessive pronouns in German can also be used to replace a noun in order to avoid repeating the same word:

Possessive pronouns used to replace nouns are declined like adjectives with a definite article.

It is necessary to pay attention to right choice possessive pronoun when translating the Russian pronoun "own" into German. In German, there is no possessive pronoun that would correspond to the Russian pronoun "own" for all persons. The choice of the possessive pronoun in the German sentence in this case depends on the person, number and gender of the subject, and in the case the possessive pronoun agrees with the noun being defined.

Possessive pronouns, as can be understood from the word itself, express the belonging of certain objects to a person or other object.
Possessive pronouns in German are called "Possessivpronomen" and answer the question of ownership - "Wessen?" that is, translated into Russian "Whose?".
The main feature of such pronouns is that they are always used without articles. The possessive pronoun, being in front of the noun, takes on the functions of the determiner and completely replaces the article.
It should be noted that possessive pronouns in German are fully consistent with personal pronouns, denoting the very person to whom the object belongs. The possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun that is in the genitive case or, as it is denoted in German, Genitiv. Genitiv, unlike the genitive case in Russian, answers questions of ownership: Whose? Whose? and Whose?
Thus, each personal pronoun is assigned its own possessive pronoun.
Below are personal pronouns and their corresponding possessive pronouns. Examples are given after the table.

Example sentences in German with possessive pronouns:
Mein Hund heist Rex. (My dog's name is Rex.)
Dein Bleistift ist am Boden gefallen. (Your pencil fell to the floor.)
Sein Bild kostet 40 Euro. (His painting costs 40 euros.)
Sie ist gute Arbeiterin, aber ihr Lohn ist nicht groß. (She is a good worker, but her salary is small.)
Unser Nachbar hat eine neue Wohnung gemietet. (Our neighbor rented a new apartment.)
As already mentioned, all possessive pronouns in German are consistent with the person in relation to which the belonging is expressed. But this is manifested not only depending on the person, that is, the personal pronoun, but also on gender and number.
The table shows possessive pronouns in the nominative case by gender and number.

As you can immediately see, there are some regularities in the table. Firstly, in the masculine and neuter genders, pronouns have the same endings, or rather they are absent. Secondly, the feminine and the plural also have the same endings, namely the vowel "e".
Thirdly, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that possessive pronouns, being in the singular form, have endings as the corresponding indefinite articles ein or eine, and in the plural - as the definite articles die, der and das. This rule applies not only to the change of endings by gender, but also applies to the declension of possessive pronouns in German by case.
The following examples of sentences with possessive pronouns in various cases will help you better understand this rule.
Ich habe seinen Anzug sofort bemerkt, weil er sehr ungewöhnlich ist.
(I immediately noticed his costume, as it is very unusual.)
Gestern traf ich im Kino euren Bekannten.
(I met your friend at the cinema yesterday.)
Ich spiele mit meinem Ball.
(I play with my ball.)
Wie geht es deiner Tante?
(How is your aunt doing?)
Das Heft meines Freundes liegt am Boden.
(My friend's notebook is on the floor.)

dein - yours

sein - his

ihr - her

unser - our

euer - your

ihr - them

Ihr - Yours

• The possessive pronoun is used as a definition for a noun and agrees with it in gender, number and case (my father, my work, their books).
• If there is a possessive pronoun, then we no longer use the article.

meine Mutter - my mother

unser Auto is our car

dein Buch - your book

There is no pronoun "one's" in German. How then can we express it? How can we say: I see my dad???

So, in German, it is important not only to decline the possessive pronoun in cases, but also to coordinate it with the word that denotes the owner. Not very clear, right? Now I'll show you some examples:

Suppose we want to say:

• I take my book.

So in a German sentence we say: I take my book. Since each personal pronoun has its own possessive pronoun.

Ich nehme mein Buch. I take my book (my book).

Du nimmst dein Buch. You take your book (your book).

Er nimmt sein Buch. He takes his book (his book).

Sie nimmt ihr Buch. She takes her book (her book).

Wir nehmen unsere Bücher. We take our books (our books).

Ihr nehmt eure Bücher. You take your books (your books).

Sie nehmen ihre Bücher. They take their books (their books).

• ich - mein - I - mine
• du - dein - you - yours
• er - sein - he - his
• sie - ihr - she - her
• wir - unser - we - ours
• ihr - euer - you - yours
• sie - ihr - they - them
• Sie - Ihr - You - Yours

As we said earlier, possessive pronouns are declined by case. Below is a table of declension of possessive pronouns.

Declension of possessive pronouns:

⠀* go through a slash masculine / feminine / neuter gender / plural

MEIN

Nominative: mein/mein e / mein / mein e

Genitive: mein es, -s / meiner / mein e s,-s / meiner

Dative: mein em / meiner / mein em / mein en,-n

Accusative: mein en / mein e / mein mein e

DEIN is YOURS

Nominative: dein/dein e / dein / dein e

Genitive: dein es, -s / deiner / dein e s,-s / deiner

Dative: dein em / deiner / dein em / dein en,-n

Accusative: dein en / dein e / dein / dein e

SEIN - HIS

Nominative: sein/sein e / sein / sein e

Genitive: sein es, -s / seiner / sein e s ,-s / seiner

Dative: sein em / seiner / sein em / sein en,-n

Accusative: sein en / sein e / sein / sein e

Nominative: ihr/ihr e / ihr / ihr e

Genitive: ihr es,-s / ihrer / ihr e s ,-s / ihrer

Dative: ihr em / ihrer / ihr em / ihr en,-n

Accusative: ihr en / ihr e / ihr / ihr e

UNSER - OUR

Nominative: unser / unser e / unser / unser e

Genitive: unser es,-s / unser er / unser e s ,-s / unser er

Dative: unser em / unser er / unser em / unser en,-n

Accusative: unser en / unser e / unser / unser e

EUER - YOUR

Nominative: euer/eur e / euer / eur e

Genitive: eur es, -s / eurer / eur e s,-s / eurer

Dative: eur em / eurer / eur em / eur en,-n

Accusative: eur en / eur e / euer / eur e

Nominative: ihr/ihr e / ihr / ihr e

Genitive: ihr es,-s / ihrer / ihr e s ,-s / ihrer

Dative: ihr em / ihrer / ihr em / ihr en,-n

Accusative: ihr en / ihr e / ihr / ihr e

IHR - YOUR (polite)

Nominative: Ihr/Ihr e / Ihr / Ihr e

Genitive: Ihres,-s / Ihrer / Ihr e s,-s / Ihrer

Dative: Ihr em / Ihrer / Ihr em / Ihr en,-n

Accusative: Ihr en / Ihr e / Ihr / Ihr e

I will be very pleased if you share this article with your friends)

Pronouns (places) can not only act as substitutes for objects or persons in speech, but also give them a certain characteristic, that is, in fact, replace the signs of objects or persons. Pronouns that characterize persons and objects in terms of the latter's belonging are possessive (possessive) places. (die Possessivpronomen), for example: meine letzte Erklärung - my last explanation; deine Stellungnahme - your position, opinion; sein Pferd - his horse; ihr Aussehen - her appearance; unsere Eigentumsrechte - our property rights; eure Salzgurken - your pickles; ihre (Ihre) Gebrauchtwagen - their (your) used cars.

Declension of possessive places. in German (German) coincides with the declension of articles (indefinite) in cases concerning their use in the singular Singular. Their plural declension (due to the lack of correspondence to indefinite articles in the Plural plural) is similar to the declension of definite articles. Declination features attract. pronouns in it. It will be easiest to remember with specific examples, in comparison with the corresponding German articles:

Declension of possessive places. in german

Table notes:

• In him. The language has three pronouns sie with completely different meanings: she, they and you. The latter differs from the former two in that it is a polite form and is always capitalized. All three named places. corresponds to one possessive place. "ihr" (again in three meanings) with the same forms; at the same time, the possessive of places corresponding to the polite form. will always be capitalized.
• Places euer differs from others in that it (in the presence of a case ending) drops out the vowel “e” (see tabular examples with this place in Genitiv and Dativ). The dropout of the specified vowel is due solely to the simplification of pronunciation.
• In places. unser in Dativ and Genitiv, the "e" vowel can theoretically also be dropped, but this happens infrequently.

The use of possessive places. in him. language is much more specific than in Russian. In him. there is no such thing as “one’s own”, which is widely used in the Russian language. For example:

• Hast du alle deine Schulfreunde angerufen? - Have you called all your (in the German version - your) school friends?
• Unseren VW haben wir bereits verkauft. - We have already sold our (in it. version - our) Volkswagen.
• Sie hat ihre Katze schlecht gefüttert. - She poorly fed her (in it. version - her) cat.

If on it. language, it is necessary to express a thought like “one of my friends”, then certain difficulties may arise. The fact is that at the same time a noun cannot be accompanied by an indefinite article and will attract. pronoun. Therefore, in order to express such a thought in German, completely different means are used, for example: one of my acquaintances is eine Bekannte von mir, one of your colleagues is ein Kollege von dir, etc.

In general, the use of places. (possessive) in German is much more common than in Russian. In this regard, the German language is much more specific: the Germans always indicate the belonging of something or someone to someone or something at any available opportunity. For example:

• Gestern sind wir mit unseren Kindern in der Schwimmhalle gewesen. – Yesterday we were with (our!) children in the pool. (In the Russian version, it would be natural to say “Yesterday we were with the children in the pool).
• Heute war er mit seiner Frau bei einer Weinprobe. – Today he and his (in German version – his wife) were at a wine tasting. (In Russian, it would be quite natural to say that “he and his wife were at a wine tasting).

Along with possessive places. German also has places that are used in the genitive case and coincide with the possessive in form. However, this is by no means the same thing: such places. they do not express any belonging to anything. Just some of it. verbs used today, usually in an old-fashioned or elevated style, have retained the old Genitiv control for personal pronouns. In this case, the ending -er is added to all pronouns except euer and unser, for example:

• Wir gedenken deiner. We keep memories of you.
• Wir gedenken Ihrer . - We remember you.