What is hot water heating. How to check accruals in payments for hot water? What is hot water, cold water and sanitation in utility bills
A few years ago, a new line appeared in the receipts - water heating. Many people don't know what this service is and why they have to pay for it. After all, before payment was made only for warm water. Therefore, many do not want to pay double fees. However, non-payment of the money indicated in this column leads to the appearance of debt. Since the amount for heating water in receipts is charged for a separate service.
What is heating is one of the most frequently asked questions. The document has 2 columns thermal water supply(DHW) and heating.
What is DHW - this is hot water supply. But people don't understand why they have to deposit money twice. But in fact, everything is different. DHW is not warm water, but heat energy, which is spent by housing and communal services to bring the liquid to the desired temperature. Therefore, a double tariff was introduced for hot water supply and for the spent energy.
This tariff was set due to the fact that additional energy is expended to achieve a normal temperature. Previously, fuel consumption was not taken into account when calculating utility bills, and money was collected for this only during the heating season.
Because of what, during this period, people's expenses for heating and heating increased greatly. To prevent people from drastically increasing costs, the Government divided the costs spent on achieving normal temperatures for the whole year.
Is it legal to charge for this
Seeing an additional column in the check, people think if it is legal. Some immediately turn to the company's employees and clarify what the new column means and why you need to pay. And some just don't pay for it.
However, such actions of consumers will be considered illegal, since the obligation to pay for water heating is specified in the articles of the Housing Code. Also, the legitimacy of demanding payment for this is also indicated in
What if the equipment breaks
If the heater breaks, then the heating will not increase or decrease. Therefore, it is important to quickly return it to duty. In this situation, payers must immediately inform the employees of the management company about the breakdown. After receiving the application, the legal entity must immediately send specialists to restore the operation of the water heater.
It is also the responsibility of the tenants to purchase the equipment.
How to determine the cost yourself
Heating cost cold water stated on the receipt. For cold and hot liquids, calculating the total amount is quite simple, but few people know how to calculate the amount of payment for an additional service.
How is water heating calculated in the bill in summer and winter, and what data will you need to know:
- Be sure to know what tariff is set in the region.
- What losses did the management company suffer to transport the resource.
- How much energy was actually used to reach the required temperature.
- How much resource is consumed each month.
Not all management organizations provide such data to residents apartment buildings. However, any person can request this information from the HOA or the Criminal Code, and employees legal entity are required to provide reliable information on payment for services for the supply of an apartment.
If you refuse to respond to the request, the applicant may file a complaint against the employees of the management company with Rospotrebnadzor. Having received all the necessary data, you can independently calculate and compare the heating bill indicated in the bill.
Calculation of the total amount in 2018
Heating is the most expensive utility service. This is due to the fact that special heating devices are used for heating, which consume a lot of energy.
To calculate the amount of payment for heating for hot water supply, it is necessary to determine how much resource has been spent, for this you need to take readings from the meter or make a calculation for hot moisture, if it is not there. The calculation of the amount of remuneration for DHW heating is made according to the following formula:
P gv \u003d Vgv × Txv + (V v kr × Vi gv / ∑ Vi gv × Tv kr)
V hw - the volume of hot water consumed during the billing period (month) in an apartment or non-residential premises
T xv - tariff for cold water
V v kr - the amount of thermal energy used for the billing period for heating cold water in the independent production of hot water by the management company
∑ Vi hw - the total volume of hot water consumed during the billing period in all
T v kr - the tariff for thermal energy in the premises of the house.
The rate set in the region is multiplied by the standard of heat required to heat a cubic meter of liquid. The resulting figure is multiplied by the amount of resource consumed.
For residents who do not have a meter, the calculation must be made as follows: the standard is divided by the number of residents in the house (apartment).
The resulting result will not be accurate, since the management company also adds the costs spent on the repair, maintenance and maintenance of special devices.
Utility bills for heating hit homeowners' budgets hard. In connection with what people do not want to deposit money for no reason. And the appearance in the paper of a new column for heating always raises questions, especially if you have to pay a rather large amount for innovation. Heating recently appeared on the receipt, which is why many people still have not figured out why they have to pay for it separately, because they already pay for water supply.
In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2013 No. 406 “On state regulation of tariffs in the field of water supply and sanitation”, with a centralized hot water supply system in a closed system, a two-component tariff is set for hot water, consisting of " cold water component "(rub. / m 3) and" component for thermal energy ” (rubles / Gcal). The resource supplying organization supplying hot water makes settlements with the utility service provider (management company, HOA) for 2 resources: cold water - at the rate for the “cold water component”; thermal energy– according to the tariff for the "thermal energy component". The value of the component for cold water is calculated by the tariff regulator based on the tariff for cold water. The value of the component for thermal energy is determined by the tariff regulator in accordance with the guidelines based on the following components: ; maintenance costs centralized systems hot water supply in the area from central heating points (inclusive), where hot water is prepared, to a point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization, if such costs are not included in the tariff for thermal energy; the cost of heat energy losses in pipelines in the section from facilities where hot water is prepared, including from central heating points, including the maintenance of central heating points, to a point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization, if such losses are not taken into account when setting tariffs for thermal energy; costs associated with the transportation of hot water. Utility service providers in accordance with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), calculate the amount of payment for the utility service for hot water supply for the volume of hot water consumed in cubic meters. In accordance with the Rules, the amount of payment (P i) for the utility service for hot water supply, in a room equipped with an individual device study that hot water is determined by the formula: P i \u003d V i n * T to p (1), where: V i n is the volume (quantity) consumed during the billing period in i-th residential or non-residential premises of a communal resource, determined according to the readings of an individual meter; T to p - the tariff for the utility resource. Since the tariff for the utility resource "hot water" is set in the form of two components, the utility service provider with hot water consumers calculates for the components: cold water and thermal energy for the needs of hot water supply. The amount of thermal energy (Gcal / m 3) for the needs of hot water supply per 1 m 3, as a rule, the utility service provider is determined on the basis of common house (collective) readings of hot water metering devices and thermal energy in hot water. It should be noted that the utility service provider makes calculations with the resource supplying organization based on the readings of the same common house (collective) meters for hot water and thermal energy in hot water. The amount of thermal energy consumed in hot water in the i-room (Gcal) is determined by multiplying the amount hot water according to an individual meter (m 3) by the specific consumption of thermal energy in hot water (Gcal / m 3). The volume of hot water determined by an individual meter (m 3) is multiplied by the tariff "cold water component" (rub ./m 3) - this is the payment for cold water as part of hot water. water. In accordance with the information letter of the FTS of Russia dated November 18, 2014 No. СЗ-12713/5 “On the regulation of tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system for 2015”, it is said that the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the region state regulation prices (tariffs) entitled to decide on the establishment of tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system per 1 cu. m. At the same time, the calculation of the tariff for hot water (T hot water) per 1 m 3 is carried out according to the formula: T hot water \u003d T cold water * (1 + K pv) + US central heating + T t / e * Q t / e (2), where : T hvs - tariff for cold energy (rubles / cubic meters); T t / e - tariff for thermal energy (rubles / Gcal); K pv - coefficient taking into account water losses in closed heat supply systems from central heating points to the point connections; US tst - specific costs for the maintenance of hot water supply systems from central heating points to the boundaries of the balance sheet ownership of consumers (excluding losses) if such costs are not included in the tariffs for thermal energy (capacity), per 1 cubic meter. m; Q t / e - the amount of heat required for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water (Gcal / m3). At the same time, the amount of heat for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water (Q t / e) is determined by calculation, taking into account heat capacity, pressure, temperature, water density, heat energy losses in risers and heated towel rails. Thus, the charge on the receipt for hot water depends on the form in which the regulatory body sets the tariff for hot water: for two components (cold water and heat energy ) or for cubic meter.In the question charges for 2 components (cold water and heat energy) are given, but the municipality and tariffs for the components are not indicated. If we assume that the consumption of hot water was 10 m 3, then the tariff for the “cold water component” is 331 rubles. / 10 m 3 \u003d 33.10 rubles / m 3. If we assume that the tariff for the “thermal energy” component is 1800 rubles / Gcal, the amount of consumed thermal energy is: 1100 rubles. / 1800 rubles / Gcal \u003d 0.611 Gcal, respectively, for heating 1 m 3 of hot water, the consumption of thermal energy was 0.611 Gcal / 10 m 3 \u003d 0.0611 Gcal / m 3. Chief Economist of Yurenergo Group of Companies Isaeva T.V.
15.12.2014
The Department of Housing and Public Utilities of the city of Moscow has released a brochure "How to understand the ENP".
Every month, Muscovites take out a Single Payment Document (EPD) from the mailbox - a receipt for paying utility bills. The document contains all the information about housing and communal services: tariffs, consumption volumes, charges, etc. It can be difficult to understand it, and Muscovites often ask questions about what this or that column means.
What information does the ENP contain?:
1
. Full name - last name, first name, patronymic of the owner / responsible tenant.
2
. The address of the dwelling at which payments for housing and communal services were made.
3
. Barcode. Graphic representation of 28 digital characters. Required to pay for the EPD through electronic terminals.
4
. The month for which the ENP was formed.
5
. Payer's personal code. It is he who must be indicated when paying for housing and communal services at terminals, ATMs and via the Internet.
6
. Information about the managing organization: name, address, contact details.
7
. Information about the residential premises: type of ownership (own or state (municipal), total and residential area, number of registered (private categories of the population are indicated separately), the date of creation of this UPD and the date of the last payment for housing and communal services.
8
. Types of services for which accruals are made.
Abbreviations used:
Cold water/DHW– cold/hot water supply
Water outlet– Water disposal (sewerage)
CPU- residential metering device
DPU- general metering device
Creation and rem.zh.p.– maintenance and repair of residential premises within the social norm
Creation and repair.- maintenance and repair of residential premises (surplus area)
Maintenance and repair of the second.vein.- maintenance and repair of residential premises (for owners who have a second home or who are not registered in the apartment)
Heating prim.pl.- heating of the main area
Fear.– voluntary insurance
9
. Volumes of consumption of housing and communal services. For each service, its own units of measurement are used: water supply and drainage cubic meters (cubic meter), maintenance and repair, social rent of housing - sq. m. (square meters), heating - Gcal (gigacalories), gas is charged based on the number of registered.
10
. Current tariffs per unit of service.
11
. The amount of accruals for services (the product of column 9 by column 10.).
12
. Information on the amount of benefits for certain types of housing and communal services.
13
. Information about recalculation. For example, recalculation for temporary absence and recalculation for services of inadequate quality.
14
. Charges payable for the service, taking into account benefits and recalculation.
That is why the Department of Housing and Public Utilities of the city of Moscow issued a brochure “How to understand the Unified payment document”, where in an accessible language it is told about what information is contained in the payment document, about the procedure and methodology for calculating each utility service, as well as many other useful information required to "read" the payment document.
The brochure will help you figure out how to correctly apply limit indices, who is entitled to measures social support on housing and communal services and what threatens persistent non-payers for housing and communal services debts.
What is EPD
A single payment document is a kind of "visiting" card of the city's system of settlements and charges for housing and communal services.
A single payment document is formed every month by specialists of the Multifunctional Centers for the Provision of Public Services of the City of Moscow (MFC) or state-owned public institutions "Engineering Services" of the districts (GKU IS) and delivered to residents before the 15th. On average, employees of the city settlement and accrual system generate about 4 million (!) payment documents per month.
When creating a payment document, a huge database is used: addresses and names of owners and tenants of residential and non-residential premises, a list of services and their suppliers, information on social support measures, etc. All this array of information is processed computer program ACS EIRC. Several thousand specialists take part in the creation of the ENP. And all to ensure that the payment document is in your mailbox.
Controlling the delivery of the EPD together with the residents
The city has a well-established system for monitoring the delivery time of the payment document. If the payment document is delivered later than the 15th day of the month, inform the EPD delivery quality control service about it.
To leave a message about the untimely delivery of the payment document, you must fill out a form on the website of the GKU "Center for Coordination of the GU IS" www.is.mos.ru.
ATTENTION
Some residents and managing organizations have decided to make calculations and charges for housing and communal services on their own. Their payment documents for housing and communal services may differ from the Unified payment document. The information provided in the brochure and later in the article relates exclusively to the ENP.
What do we pay for
The services specified in the payment document can conditionally be divided into several parts. Housing services, these include the “Rental” service (payment for housing for its tenant), and the “Maintenance and repair of housing” service. Utilities: hot and cold water supply, water disposal (sewage), heating, gas supply. In some areas of the capital, electricity is also included in the ENP. But in most cases, this utility service is paid on a separate receipt. Other services are also included in the payment document: locking device, radio, antenna.
Rates, prices and tariffs for housing and communal services are set by the Government of Moscow. Thus, the tariffs for housing and communal services for 2014 were approved by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 26, 2013 No. 748-PP.
The cost of services belonging to the “other” category is determined by a civil law contract and is not regulated by the Moscow Government. Let's take a look at all the services in order.
Housing Services
If the family uses housing on a rental basis, it pays for the rent, as well as the maintenance and repair of the dwelling. The rental fee is calculated based on the area of the dwelling and the rate established by the Moscow Government for a specific type of tenancy - social, commercial or rental of residential premises in non-subsidized houses.
Homeowners pay for the service "Maintenance and repair of residential premises".
The cost of the service "Maintenance and repair of residential premises" includes a management fee apartment building(MKD), maintenance and current repair of common property, works stipulated by the MKD management agreement.
The amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises in the MKD is determined at the general meeting of the owners of the premises in the house. If the owners have not made a decision on the amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling, the calculation is made at prices approved by the Moscow Government.
The Moscow government approves two types of prices for the maintenance and repair of residential premises:
- per area within the established norms(given below), given price is subsidized by the Government of Moscow and now for most Muscovites is 17.84 rubles. for 1 sq. m.,
- for an area exceeding the established norms. This is the actual cost of services and works for the maintenance and current repairs, now for most Muscovites it is 24.53 rub. per 1 sq.m.
The price per area within the established norms is applied to registered residents with a single dwelling. In the ENP, this service is referred to as “sod. rem. zh.p. ".
The difference between the total area of the dwelling and the area within the established norm of the area (in the ENP it is indicated as “created and rem. izl. Zh.p.”) is paid at the price for the area established in excess of the norm. For owners who are not registered in the dwelling or who have a second dwelling, accrual is made at rates for the area established in excess of the norms for the entire dwelling (in the EPD it is indicated “created and repaired second residential.”).
The following rules apply to the calculation of fees for the maintenance and repair of residential premises. For a citizen living alone - 40 sq. m. of the total living area, for a family of two people, 56 sq. m., for a family of three or more people, 25 sq.m. the total area of the dwelling for each family member.
For example, in an apartment of 60.3 sq. m. registered 2 people. The established norm for a family of two is 56 sq. m. This means that the area within the established norms will be calculated at a price within the established norm, and the excess area - 4.3 square meters. m - at a price per area in excess of the norms.
Utilities: water supply
Payment for water supply can be charged according to the readings of apartment metering devices, according to the readings of a house metering device, or according to standards.
If you are paying for a water supply service using an apartment metering device (KPU), then the following abbreviations are used in the EPD: “HVS KPU”, “DHW KPU”, “Vodootv. KPU "- cold and hot water supply according to the indications of an apartment water meter, water disposal (sewerage) according to the indications of the KPU (the sum of indications of cold and hot water supply).
The cost of water is calculated based on the volume according to the readings of the apartment meter (KPU), multiplied by the tariff.
The payment document indicates the water consumption in the billing month according to the readings of the apartment meter. But if the KPU readings were not transmitted on time, they will be calculated based on the average monthly consumption for the previous 6 months.
If you are paying for a house metering device (DPU), the abbreviations are indicated in the payment document: “HVS DPU”, “DHW DPU” and “Vodootv. DPU "- cold and hot water supply, water disposal according to the readings of the house water meter.
Calculation of accruals for cold and hot water for apartments where KPU is not installed is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated February 10, 2004 No. 77-PP.
From the volume of water consumption, according to the readings of the house meter, the volumes of consumption for all apartment appliances are subtracted, the volume of consumption for non-residential premises(if the house has, for example, shops, a hairdresser, etc.), and general house expenses are deducted, which are determined according to the readings of a meter installed at the place where water is drawn for general house needs. If there is no such device, then the general house expenses are accepted no more than 5 percent of the volume of consumption for the general house device. The resulting balance is distributed among apartments without a CCP in proportion to the number of citizens living in them. At the same time, the resulting volume of consumption per person should not exceed two standards for the consumption of utilities.
If there is neither apartment nor house metering devices, charges are made according to consumption standards: 6.935 cubic meters. m. of cold water per person per month, 4.745 cu. m. of hot water per person per month, water disposal 11.68 cubic meters per person per month.
Heating and gas supply
The payment for heating a residential building in Moscow, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 10, 2014 No. 468-PP, is charged based on the average monthly indicator of heat energy consumption. To calculate it, the amount of heat consumed in the previous year is taken and divided by 12 months. Then the average monthly volume consumed by the entire house is divided by the total area of the house - this is how the amount of heat that was required for heating is determined 1 square meter house area. The result obtained is multiplied by the total area of the apartment and by the tariff.
At the beginning of each year, the managing organization reconciles the volumes billed to the population for payment and the volumes of thermal energy actually spent in the current year. Based on the reconciliation results, the payment is adjusted, which is usually indicated in the payment document in the “recalculation” column. It can be done both in the direction of increase and in the direction of its decrease.
In the absence of metering devices, charges are made according to consumption standards: 0.016 Gcal per 1 sq. km. m. of the total area of housing.
Payment for gas supply is calculated according to the tariff for each consumer living in the apartment.
Limit indices
The marginal index of change in the amount of payment of citizens for public services - universal tool control over accruals for hot and cold water supply, sewerage, heating, gas. Changing the amount of the fee above the limit index is unacceptable and should entail an immediate response from the executive authorities to eliminate such a situation.
In the capital, the limit index was approved by the Decree of the Mayor of Moscow dated June 30, 2014 No. 542-RM and from November 1 to December 31, 2014 is 6.5 percent. At the same time, the maximum allowable deviation from the value of the limit index for a particular dwelling is 3.2 percent.
Also, in the form of formulas, the Moscow Government approved limit indices for changes in the amount of payments made by citizens for utility services for 2015-2018.
Marginal Index = Consumer Price Index x Coefficient + 3.5%.
In this formula, the Consumer Price Index is calculated based on the forecast of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the year preceding the year for which the change indices are calculated (based on the results of 9 months). Reducing or increasing coefficient for the corresponding year of the long-term period, determined taking into account the forecast of Russia's socio-economic development for this year.
How to apply limit indexes?
To determine if the increase in utility bills exceeds the marginal index, the charges for the two periods must be compared. The fee for any month of the current year must be divided by the fee for December of the previous year. The resulting value must not exceed the limit index. True, for the first long-term period (from July 1 to December 2014), the selected month must be compared with June 2014.
If the change in the amount of the fee exceeds the size of the established limit index, it is necessary to seek clarification from the MFC / GKU IS of the district, the managing organization. And if it was not possible to find out the objective reasons for exceeding the limit index of utility bills, it is worth contacting the State Housing Inspectorate of the City of Moscow and the city's executive authorities.
Limit indices cannot be applied in the following cases.
1. In relation to one utility service.
Limit indices apply to the total payment for all utilities provided to a citizen. Those. it is incorrect to say that the growth of tariffs for some particular utility service has exceeded the marginal index.
2. To the total amount in the ENP.
Limit indices apply only to utilities (hot and cold water supply, sewerage, heating, gas). And in the ENP, in addition to them, accruals for housing and other services are included.
3. To utilities, if the volume of their consumption changes.
In Moscow, the majority of the population pays for utilities based on the readings of apartment or common house metering devices. Accordingly, the volume of consumption, as a rule, is not the same every month, so the payment amount varies from month to month.
In addition, the volume of public services provided is affected by an increase in the number of citizens living or registered in residential premises. Some services are charged for each resident or registered: gas, and in the absence of individual water meters, cold and hot water supply, sanitation.
4. If your eligibility has changed.
The amount of payment depends on whether the citizen has benefits for paying utility bills. When accruing payments, the amount of payment for a specific service is reduced by the amount of benefits provided to him for its payment. In case of loss of the right to a benefit or a change in its size, the payment of a citizen may also change upwards and its growth will exceed the approved index.
For the convenience and simplicity of checking whether the increase in utility bills corresponds to the limit indices, the Government of the Russian Federation has developed an information tool that allows you to make the necessary calculation online.
Currently, this information tool is posted on the websites of the executive authorities of the city of Moscow.
Who is eligible for benefits?
The Moscow Government provides citizens with an effective system of social support in the housing and communal services sector. Currently, more than 50 categories of citizens in the capital are entitled to benefits, which is much more than provided for by federal law.
Benefits are provided in the form of discounts for no more than one apartment (residential premises) based on rates, prices and tariffs established by the Moscow Government. If the consumer is entitled to social support measures for paying for housing and communal services on two or more grounds, benefits are accrued on one of them.