Maintenance of smoke and ventilation ducts. Rules for checking ventilation ducts and chimneys in private and apartment buildings. Why regular chimney checks are important

Annex G (mandatory)

REMOVAL OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS.

This annex provides requirements that must be taken into account when designing smoke ducts from gas equipment and household heating and heating-cooking stoves. When designing smoke channels from gas-using installations of industrial buildings and boiler rooms, one should be guided by the requirements of technological design standards and SNiP II-35. When converting existing boilers, industrial furnaces and other installations from solid and liquid to gas fuel, a verification calculation of the gas-air path must be performed.

The device of smoke and ventilation ducts must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05.

The removal of combustion products from household gas appliances, stoves and other household gas equipment, the design of which provides for the removal of combustion products into the chimney, should be provided from each appliance, unit or stove through a separate chimney. In existing buildings, it is allowed to provide for the connection to one chimney of no more than two water heaters or heating stoves located on the same or different floors of the building, provided that combustion products are introduced into the chimney at different levels, no closer than 0.5 m from one another, or at the same level with a device in the chimney for cutting to a height of at least 0.5 m.

Chimneys from gas equipment should be placed in the internal walls of the building or provide attached channels to these walls. In existing buildings, it is allowed to use existing chimneys made of non-combustible materials in the outer walls or provide them with attached chimneys.

Can be connected to a chimney heating furnace periodical action gas water heater used for hot water supply, or another gas appliance that does not operate continuously, with a sufficient cross-section of the chimney, which should be determined by the calculation of the appliance. It is not allowed to connect the flue pipe of a gas appliance to the chimney turns of a heating stove.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney must not be less area section of the pipe of the gas appliance connected to the chimney. When connecting two appliances, stoves, etc. to the chimney the cross section of the chimney should be determined taking into account their simultaneous operation. The structural dimensions of the chimneys must be determined by calculation. Non-domestic gas appliances (restaurant stoves, cooking pots, etc.) can be connected to both separate and common chimneys. It is allowed to provide connecting flue pipes common to several units. The introduction of combustion products into a common chimney for several appliances should be provided at different levels or at the same level with the device of cuts in accordance with Zh.Z. The cross-sectional area of ​​chimneys and connecting pipes must be determined by calculation, based on the condition of simultaneous operation of all appliances connected to the chimney.

Chimneys should be made of frost-resistant brick (Mrz 125), clay brick, heat-resistant concrete for multi-storey buildings and asbestos-cement pipes for one-story buildings. It is allowed to provide for the removal of combustion products through steel chimneys. Smoke duct designs can also be factory-made, supplied complete with gas equipment. When installing asbestos-cement and steel pipes outside the building or when passing through the attic of the building, they must be thermally insulated to prevent the formation of condensate. The design of smoke channels in the outer walls and the channels attached to these walls must also ensure that the temperature of the gases at their outlet is above the dew point. It is forbidden to make channels from slag concrete and other loose or porous materials.

Chimneys must be vertical, without ledges. It is allowed to slope chimneys from the vertical up to 30 ° with a deviation to the side up to 1 m, while ensuring that the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the inclined sections of the chimney is not less than the section of the vertical sections. To remove combustion products from restaurant stoves and other non-domestic gas appliances, it is allowed to provide horizontal sections of chimneys with a total length of not more than 10 m. It is allowed to pass chimneys through ceilings, provided that fire safety combustible floor structures.

Connection of gas equipment to chimneys should be provided by connecting pipes made of roofing or galvanized steel with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm, flexible metal corrugated pipes or unified elements supplied with the equipment. The connecting flue pipe connecting the gas appliance to the chimney must have a vertical section. The length of the vertical section of the connecting pipe, counting from the bottom of the flue pipe of the gas appliance to the axis of the horizontal section of the pipe, must be at least 0.5 m. In rooms up to 2.7 m high, for devices with draft stabilizers, the length of the vertical section can be reduced to m, without draft stabilizers up to 0.15 m. The total length of the horizontal sections of the connecting pipes in new houses should be no more than 3 m, in existing houses - no more than 6 m. The slope of the pipe should be at least 0.01 towards the gas appliance. On flue pipes it is allowed to provide no more than three turns with a radius of curvature not less than the diameter of the pipe. Below the point of connection of the flue pipe from the appliance to the chimney, a “pocket” with a cross section of at least the cross section of the chimney and a depth of at least 25 cm, with a hatch for cleaning, should be provided. Flue pipes leading through unheated rooms should be covered with insulation if necessary. Laying of flue pipes from appliances and stoves through living rooms is not allowed.

The distance from the connecting pipe to the ceiling or wall made of non-combustible materials is taken at least 5 cm, and from combustible and slow-burning materials - at least 25 cm. not less than 3 mm. Thermal insulation should protrude beyond the dimensions of the connecting pipe by 15 cm on each side.

Suspension and fastening of connecting pipes must exclude the possibility of their deflection. The links of the connecting pipes must tightly, without gaps, slide one into the other along the way. flue gases not less than half the diameter of the pipe. The connecting pipe must be tightly connected to the flue duct. Its end should not protrude beyond the channel wall, for which limiting devices (washer or corrugation) are used.

The connecting pipes of restaurant stoves and cooking kettles must be covered with thermal insulation. Connecting pipes made of black sheet steel must be painted with fire-retardant varnish.

When connecting appliances with draft stabilizers to the chimney, the installation of dampers is not allowed. When several appliances are connected to a common chimney: restaurant stoves, boilers and other gas appliances that do not have draft stabilizers, dampers (flaps) with a hole with a diameter of at least 15 mm must be provided on the chimney pipes from the appliances.

Gates installed on chimneys from boilers must have holes with a diameter of at least 50 mm.

Chimneys from gas appliances in buildings must be removed:

Above the boundary of the wind backwater zone, but not less than 0.5 m above the roof ridge when they are located (counting horizontally) no further than 1.5 m from the roof ridge;

- level with the roof ridge, if they are at a distance of up to 3 m from the roof ridge;

Not lower than a straight line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon, with pipes located at a distance of more than 3 m from the roof ridge.

Wind backwater zone chimney the space is considered to be below a line drawn at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon from the highest points near located structures and trees. In all cases, the height of the pipe above the adjacent part of the roof must be at least 0.5 m, and for houses with a combined roof ( flat roof) - not less than 2.0 m. Installation of umbrellas and other nozzles on chimneys is not allowed.

Chimneys in the walls are allowed to be carried out together with ventilation ducts. At the same time, they must be separated along the entire height by hermetic partitions made of wall material, at least 120 mm thick. The height of the exhaust ventilation ducts located next to the chimneys should be taken equal to the height of the chimneys.

It is allowed to provide for the removal of combustion products from gasified installations of industrial enterprises, boiler houses, and household enterprises through steel chimneys.

It is allowed to exhaust combustion products into the atmosphere through outer wall gasified premises without a vertical channel from gas heating equipment with a sealed combustion chamber.

It is allowed to provide for the removal of combustion products into the atmosphere through the roof of the building into a vertical smoke channel.

The length of the horizontal section of the smoke channel from heating equipment with a sealed combustion chamber, when exiting through the outer wall, no more than 3 m is taken.

It is forbidden to provide for the exit of the smoke channel through the outer wall:

- entrances (arches), covered passages;

- in closed balconies, loggias, bay windows;

In buildings that are historical or architectural monuments, without the permission of the department under whose protection they are located;

Through the walls of the facades of buildings overlooking squares and streets of historical, architectural and urban planning value, as well as located in close proximity to children's areas preschool institutions, schools and health care facilities;

- in buildings in which the installation of gas appliances is prohibited by the requirements of DBN V.2.2-9, SNiP 2.08.01, SNiP 2.04.05.

The openings of the smoke channels on the outer wall of the building, when the combustion products are removed from the heating equipment through the outer wall without a vertical channel, should be placed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for installing gas equipment.

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Poor draft is a problem that owners of their own houses with a fireplace or furnace heating, and residents apartment buildings in cities. The latter constantly complain about insufficient ventilation. This happens due to the fact that the maintenance of chimneys and ventilation ducts is carried out irregularly or in bad faith.

The air we breathe has a direct impact on our overall health. The harmful impurities that it contains can seriously harm and lead to sad consequences in the future. Various microorganisms that live in houses due to polluted ventilation ducts cause the development of diseases. Carbon monoxide, which penetrates into the room due to the weak draft of the chimneys, - common cause of death.

Therefore, the inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts must be carried out correctly and regularly in order to detect and eliminate faults in a timely manner.

How to operate ventilation ducts and chimneys

You should know the most common causes of malfunctions of ventilation ducts and chimneys. Of course, there are a lot of them, but most of them are connected with the irresponsibility of the owners.

If the supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment does not work, then this may be due to flaws in the design of the system. True, sometimes ventilation ducts or chimneys are used by workers during construction as a kind of garbage chute. And clogged channels, of course, do not fulfill their main task.

Sometimes the clogging of the system occurs through no fault of the owner of the house, for example, when foreign objects such as cobwebs, dust, leaves, or birds that accidentally fall into the pipe get into the channel.

Another reason for poor traction is the natural deposits of dust, soot and grease on the walls. They can be seen in the photo. needs to be done right away. How will these signs appear?

The burning of poorly dried or containing a large number of firewood resin, as well as household waste. Cleaning of chimneys and ventilation ducts in these cases is necessary.

Quite a lot of poisoning by combustion derivatives and fires is usually associated with the inability of ventilation and chimneys to cope with their immediate functions. That is why the requirements and rules for the operation of these systems, as well as pipe and furnace work, were developed. Chimneys and ventilation ducts: the basic norms provide the basics for their operation in order to regulate the operation of ventilation, which is important for human health.

According to SNIP, chimneys and ventilation ducts, as well as their examination, must clearly follow the following rules:

• Channels of stoves and fireplaces that work on wood (solid fuel) must be checked and cleaned before and after the end of the heating season. If the kiln is running continuously, they are checked every quarter. Checking ventilation ducts and chimneys should take place, respectively, every quarter and twice a year (in winter and summer).
• If during the inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts any serious malfunctions are detected that require repair, it is impossible to use heating and gas appliances until the problem is completely eliminated.
• Repair and installation of chimneys and ventilation ducts must be carried out by organizations with the appropriate license. Their employees usually have the necessary skills. They have the right to start work only after drawing up an act of checking the chimney or ventilation.

These rules must be observed both by the owners of their own private house, and by institutions responsible for the maintenance and maintenance of apartments and ventilation systems in them.

In addition to the above generally binding rules, it is desirable to apply these recommendations:

1. use high-quality and completely dried firewood with a low resin content;
2. do not burn in a fireplace or stove household waste especially plastic bottles and bags;
3. clean the blower and the firebox from accumulated ash, roof hoods - from grease and dust;
4. to improve draft in a channel or pipe, as well as forced exhaust, purchase an exhaust. This advice useful for owners of chimneys with a small internal section;
5. a protective cap with a mesh installed on the chimney prevents it from entering the ventilation duct. During the winter months, regular inspection of this part of the system should be ensured to avoid clogging of the channel and freezing of the tip.

Inspection, repair and cleaning

Options for examining ventilation and smoke ducts: you can check ventilation ducts and chimneys in the usual, classic way - with the help of a ruff, a short rope and a load. True, now to examine the system, they almost always use more modern methods. For example, digital photographs and shooting on a video camera with spotlights are used.

Devices have also been developed that allow very quickly, without special efforts Accurately assess the draft in the chimney or ventilation.

Based on the results of the inspection, an act of inspection of channels (chimneys) is drawn up, which is drawn up in the form of a technical report of a clearly established sample, after which a conclusion is issued containing recommendations for installation and repair.

What is examined during the test

When conducting an examination, you should establish:

• the materials from which the channels were made, the cross section of the latter;
• length of channels, places of connections, narrowings and bends, marks of congestion and gaps found in the system;
• channel density, their isolation;
• the presence of traction, horizontal sections, a zone of wind backwater (or its absence);
• the condition of hatches intended for cleaning, fire-prevention cuts, heads;
• tightness of pipes;
• general state of the system.

Also, during the inspection of ventilation ducts, the condition of the ducts, exhaust shafts, and air intake grilles is checked.

THE GOVERNMENT OF MOSCOW

RESOLUTION

On the approval of the Moscow standard,
determining the scope of activities and work
to ensure safe operation
chimneys and ventilation ducts
gasified houses

Repealed from January 1, 2005 on the basis of
Decrees of the Government of Moscow
dated November 2, 2004 N 758-PP
____________________________________________________________________

In pursuance of paragraph 2 of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 17.04.2001 N 364-PP "On the state of the gas facilities of Moscow and measures to improve its reliability and safe operation" and in accordance with the Law of the City of Moscow dated 13.11.96 N 30 "On the establishment of standards for the operation of the housing stock of the city of Moscow and control over their observance" Moscow Government

decides:

1. Approve the Moscow standard for operation housing stock"Measures to ensure the safe operation of chimneys from gas appliances and ventilation ducts in gasified houses" (appendix), developed by the Gas Technical Inspectorate of the Moscow Housing Inspection and the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement, agreed by the Moscow City Administration of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

2. Establish that from September 1, 2001, the operation of chimneys and ventilation ducts in gasified houses must be carried out strictly in accordance with the standard being put into effect (clause 1).

3. The Gas Technical Inspectorate of the Moszhilinspektsiya, in case of violation of the requirements of the standard, shall apply to the perpetrators the measures of responsibility provided for by law.

4. To impose control over the implementation of this resolution on the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of Moscow Nikolsky B.V.

Prime Minister of the Moscow Government
Yu.M. Luzhkov

Application. Moscow standard for the operation of the housing stock "Measures to ensure the safe operation of chimneys from gas appliances and ventilation ducts in gasified houses"

Effective date - 2001

This standard was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Safety Rules in the gas industry, approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated 05.25.2000 N 27, SNiP 2.04-08-87 * "Gas supply", SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". Establishes the scope of measures and works to ensure the safe operation of chimneys from gas appliances and ventilation ducts in gasified houses. It is mandatory for executive authorities, district administrations, state municipal and other organizations that manage the housing stock, its operation and Maintenance. The regulation applies to existing, overhauled and newly constructed chimneys and ventilation ducts.

1. Maintenance and repair of smoke and ventilation ducts is carried out by specialized organizations of cleaners that have an appropriate license under contracts with housing maintenance organizations.

2. Chimneys must be tight, separate, vertical, without ledges. It is allowed to slope the chimneys from the vertical at an angle of 30 degrees with a horizontal distance of at least 1 m, while the cross section of the channel must be maintained along its entire length. The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney must not be less than the area of ​​the pipe of the gas appliance connected to the chimney. In existing buildings, it is allowed to connect no more than two water heaters to one chimney, provided that combustion products are introduced into the chimney at different levels, not closer than 75 cm from each other or at the same level with the device in the chimney, a cut to a height of at least 75 cm. The calculation of the chimney should be produced with the simultaneous operation of two water heaters. Crossing of smoke and ventilation ducts by gas pipelines, water pipes, electrical cables is strictly prohibited.

3. Control over the quality of the repair of smoke and ventilation ducts is assigned to housing maintenance organizations.

4. Works on the repair of chimneys and ventilation ducts are carried out according to schedules agreed with the contractor.

5. Checking the smoke channels is carried out in the following terms:

a) brick - 1 time in 3 months;

b) asbestos-cement, pottery and heat-resistant concrete blocks - 1 time in 12 months.

An initial check (for tightness and isolation, for the absence of blockages and for the presence of traction) is carried out annually in the third quarter during the preparation of houses for winter. In new-build houses, the initial check is carried out at the time of acceptance of the house into operation.

6. Checking the ventilation ducts in all gasified houses is carried out - 1 time in 12 months.

7. In the period from November to April, inspect the chimney caps in order to prevent their freezing and blockage, marking the results of the checks in a special journal. Control over the implementation is carried out by the heads of the housing maintenance organization.

8. If faulty chimneys are found, the devices connected to them are subject to immediate disconnection from the gas supply, residents are warned against a signature about the danger of using gas water heaters.

9. Before the start of scheduled work on the repair of chimneys, gas appliances connected to them must be turned off by employees of the State Unitary Enterprise of Moscow "Mosgaz" in accordance with the notification received from the contractor.

10. Connection of gas appliances after the repair of chimneys should be carried out only after the receipt of an act on the technical condition of the chimney by the employees of the State Unitary Enterprise of Moscow "Mosgaz".

11. Based on the results of regular, extraordinary and post-repair inspections and cleaning of smoke and ventilation ducts, acts of the established form are drawn up.

12. The technical condition of the iron connecting pipes (ZHST) is checked according to the following parameters:

The total length is not more than 3 m in new buildings and not more than 6 m in existing ones;

The number of turns - no more than 3, with a radius of curvature not less than the diameter of the pipe;

The links must be tightly pushed one into the other along the exhaust gases - not less than 0.5 pipe diameter;

When connected to the chimney, the ZHS should not cross the channel section and have a restrictive washer or corrugation;

The height of the vertical section - at least 50 cm, in rooms with a height of 2.7 m - at least 25 cm is allowed;

Slope - not less than 0.01 (1 cm per 1 running meter) towards the gas appliance;

Coloring - fire-resistant varnish;

The presence of fire-prevention cutting at the intersection of fire-retardant partitions;

Distance from ZHST to ceiling and walls:

a) from non-combustible materials - at least 5 cm;

b) from slow-burning materials - not less than 25 cm.

13. Availability and compliance with the norms of a "pocket" for collecting garbage in the chimney with a hatch for cleaning - at least 25 cm from the lower edge of the ZhST.

14. The technical condition of the smoke channels in the attic is monitored:

The presence of grout, whitewash and numbering;

The presence of a fire cut equal to 50 cm to the building structure made of combustible materials and 38 cm for structures made of non-combustible materials.

15. In production repair work and maintenance of chimneys and ventilation ducts to comply with fire safety requirements.

16. The technical condition of the smoke channels above the roof is monitored:

Plastering, whitewashing, numbering;

Head ironing;

Lack of umbrellas and deflectors on chimneys;

The correct location of the head relative to the ridge of the roof and closely spaced structures, trees - the absence of a zone of wind backwater:

a) 0.5 m above the roof ridge when they are located (counting horizontally) no more than 1.5 m from the roof ridge;

b) level with the roof ridge, if they are 1.5-3 m from the roof ridge;

c) below the roof ridge, but not below a straight line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon, if they are located more than 3 m from the ridge.

In all cases, the height of the pipe above the adjacent part of the roof must be at least 0.5 m, for houses with a combined roof (flat roof) at least 2 m.

17. Control over the presence and condition of ladders, scaffolds and parapet gratings on the roof is carried out.

Chimney and ventilation ducts ensure the operation of heating devices and ventilation. They maintain a normal microclimate in the house, reduce the concentration of dust and pathogenic microbes. Violation or incorrect operation of such channels leads to damage to interior items from high humidity and even death of residents from poisoning carbon monoxide or fire. Knowledge of the arrangement of ventilation ducts and chimneys, their inspection and maintenance is vital.

brick chimney on the roof

The device and difference between chimneys and ventilation ducts

Despite the similarity and the possibility of an identical device, ventilation and chimney ducts differ in purpose and requirements for them. It is strictly forbidden to use channels for other purposes and change them!

A chimney is an air channel for removing combustion products from heating appliances. Sometimes its walls serve as heat exchangers (in furnaces, fireplaces). Coaxial chimneys (for turbocharged boilers) and supply channels to fireplaces also provide fresh air to keep burning.

Stainless steel chimneys

The ventilation duct is designed exclusively for the exchange of air masses in the room. It does not have strict fire safety requirements, it only requires stable operation at a certain throughput.

Previously, almost all ventilation and chimney ducts were made of brick. Now the range of materials is much larger:

• asbestos-cement and fiberglass pipes (unpopular due to low environmental friendliness);
• concrete (such channels are laid during the casting of monolithic houses);
• stainless molybdenum steel (used more often for gas appliances that emit a large amount of steam and aggressive acids during operation);
• ceramic pipes (the most suitable material).

To prevent pollution, ingress of birds and precipitation, the channels are equipped with visors, caps, protective grilles. Often use deflectors that enhance traction.

Ventilation ducts with deflectors - installation

To determine the purpose and ownership of the channels, they are marked in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. On each channel at a height of 700-800 mm from the floor (in the attic) or 200-300 mm above the roof (with a combined roof), a triangle 50 mm high with the top facing down and the apartment number (in high-rise buildings) is applied. The colors used are:

• black - for solid fuel heaters;
• red - for gas combustion products;
• blue along the contour - ventilation.

Inspection and maintenance of air channels

The cost and procedure for checking chimneys and ventilation ducts are strictly regulated and may vary depending on the region and the requirements of regulatory authorities.

The average price of this service is 50-1500 rubles, more detailed information can be found in the gas services or organizations that control operation furnace chimneys(almost always this is a structure at the Ministry of Emergencies). The contacts of official specialized enterprises for checking, repairing and cleaning these devices will also be prompted there.

Checking the ventilation duct from the room

Who and when checks ventilation and chimneys

A specialized organization that has the appropriate license, equipment and trained specialists has the right to inspect ventilation ducts and chimneys. At the same time, the customer (and payer) of the inspection for multi-apartment buildings is a representative of an enterprise that operates the housing stock or provides housing and communal services, and for a private (single-apartment) house - its owner.

The initial inspection is carried out in the presence of the customer before the connection and commissioning of the building or new equipment.

Subsequent checks are carried out:

• before the start of the heating season;
• for brick channels at least once every three months;
• for channels made of other materials (steel, asbestos-cement and others) - at least once a year;
• after each repair or reconstruction of chimneys and ventilation ducts.

Clogged ventilation duct

Besides, in winter time and in the event of severe frosts, the heads of the outgoing channels are necessarily examined once a month for icing and blockage.

In private single-family houses, repeated inspections and cleaning of ventilation ducts and chimneys are allowed by the owner of the dwelling. To obtain a permit for the production of this type of work, he must undergo training in a specialized organization, followed by a knowledge test.

Checking ventilation ducts and chimneys in an apartment building is carried out only by specialists. No work, modification or cleaning of these systems by tenants is permitted.

Inspection of the condition of channels in an apartment building

Video: Inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts

Important! If violations and shortcomings are detected, the operation of exhaust devices is prohibited until the defects are completely eliminated!

Documents to confirm the work performed

Specialists after carrying out any check are obliged to write out a special act with a hologram in two copies, certified by a seal. After signing, one copy of the act remains with the customer. The form of the form is regulated by the relevant regulations(in Russia, for example, according to Government Decree No. 1225 of December 30, 2011).

The following points must be defined in the act on the chimney.

1. The length of the channel, its size and location.
2. The material from which the chimney is made.
3. Connection points for heaters.
4. Constrictions, transitions, others design features disrupting normal operation.
5. Tightness and tightness of the structure.
6. The condition of the internal walls, the absence of blockages and blockages.
7. The presence and magnitude of traction.
8. Condition of channel heads, cutting seams (for brick channels).
9. The height of the head above the ridge, the presence of obstacles to the normal operation of the chimney, closely standing high-rise buildings.
10. The presence and condition of caps, protective grilles and other devices.
11. At the request of the customer, a laboratory analysis of the air can be carried out for carbon dioxide contamination.

Completed act of technical condition in the Russian Federation

These documents may be requested by authorized representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, gas service, housing inspection and others.

In the absence of acts on chimneys and ventilation ducts (as well as other violations: improper operation of heating appliances; gas appliances more than twenty years old, with missing or inoperative protective automation), regulatory organizations have the right to issue an order to prohibit the operation of housing, cut off gas supply lines.

Important! Violators in accordance with the law may be subject to administrative and even criminal liability!

Inspection and cleaning equipment

Previously, the inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts was carried out visually or with the help of a lantern and a mirror. Now digital cameras with infrared or LED backlight, technical video endoscopes with signal transmission to the basic device and even industrial robots (at critical and complex facilities). A thermal imager is used to determine leaky and thinned sections of chimneys.

Robots for checking and cleaning ventilation ducts

Inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts is necessary in case of deterioration or complete absence of draft. Its presence can be checked by drawing the flame of a match or candle into the chimney. If a standard sheet A4 does not fall down when you lean it against the ventilation grill, which is also a good indicator. But the most accurate values ​​​​are obtained using a hydrometer - a device for measuring the speed of air flow, outwardly resembling a children's toy with a spinner-propeller and a dial.

It is necessary to clean the chimney and ventilation ducts in case of clogging, poor draft, the presence of a layer of soot and pollution of more than 2 mm.

At the same time, both traditional scrapers, ruffs, weights, and specialized vacuum cleaners are used, which allow removing any deposits of not only vertical, but also horizontal sections of passages.

House chimney cleaning

According to existing standards, the channel is conditionally considered clean if a weight with a diameter of 100 mm passes freely through it to the bottom of the device, where there is an inspection hatch. Blockages and blockages are broken through with this weight or a special chimney-cleaning projectile attached to a strong rope. If it is impossible to break through the blockage, its location is determined and the outer wall of the channel is opened.

For self cleaning in your own home, a special hard brush with a detachable handle is quite suitable, the length of which can be changed during operation. To facilitate the process, special chemicals loosening soot and deposits.

Device for ventilation and chimneys of apartment buildings

Ventilation ducts and chimneys in apartment buildings are diverse in design, execution methods and, ultimately, comfort and safety for residents.

Types of ventilation and smoke exhaust systems

The most common natural, supply and exhaust type of ventilation and chimneys. At the same time, through satellite channels, air or combustion products from the premises enter the common channel (or a collector in the attic), and then into the atmosphere. Air is taken in through natural gaps and leaks in windows and doors.

A more advanced and efficient solution is forced ventilation using exhaust and blower fans. There are hybrid projects combined with a supply and exhaust system, options with air recovery (a heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from the exhaust air to the intake air).

Modern ventilation apartment building

The most productive and stable working is the design, in which the ventilation ducts from each apartment are taken out separately. This increases the stability of the system and prevents the flow of odors and gases into other apartments (for example, when one of the tenants installs exhaust fan high power).

Ventilation system design schemes

Features and nuances of service

Maintenance of smoke and ventilation ducts in apartment buildings is practically not required due to the thoughtfulness of the systems and the characteristics laid down with a margin. According to Soviet SNiPs, up to 80% of air exchange was carried out through window and door blocks. Therefore, the main problem for high-rise buildings old building is the replacement of such elements by the residents with modern, practically hermetic, metal-plastic and steel structures. At the same time, air exchange deteriorates sharply, dampness and fungus appear.

This problem is solved either by constant ventilation or by installing special supply valves.

They are mounted under the window above the heating devices for heating the air coming from the street. It is also recommended to leave gaps at the bottom interior doors or equip them with air-permeable grilles.

Supply valve in the apartment

Checking, repairing and cleaning ventilation ducts and chimneys is a troublesome and responsible business. Therefore, it is better not to risk the health and lives of loved ones and neighbors. Leave such work to professionals and just enjoy life in a cozy, warm home filled with fresh air.

Smoke and ventilation ducts play a role in our homes that cannot be overestimated. Without them, ventilation of the room and ensuring the operation of heating devices become inaccessible. The important thing is that they help maintain health on several levels at once.

What is this about? First, constant indoor air circulation is vital to ensure that harmful microorganisms leave the enclosed space before they can cause harm.

Secondly, the concentration of dust is reduced, which means that people's breathing will not be difficult.

Thirdly, it reduces the likelihood of damage to property.

And, fourthly, but not least, in the event of a gas leak or smoke during a fire, ventilation saves lives, without exaggeration, by removing hazardous substances to the outside. Ventilation failure can cause irreparable damage.

From the above examples, the role of chimneys and ventilation ducts becomes clear. But, like everything in our life, these devices have an unpleasant, albeit natural property: they work worse if they are left unattended for a long time and not maintained in the required condition. These items need to be checked frequently. If everything has come to such a sad result, it remains only to call specialists who will solve the problem and return everything to its usual order.

So who does the maintenance of ventilation and smoke ducts? By law, only those organizations that meet certain requirements are entitled to this right. First of all, they must have a special license - a similar permit must be obtained from inspection organizations involved in the control of ventilation ducts and chimneys. Without it, not a single entrepreneur is worthy of trust, because it is more expensive for yourself to give the check into the hands of a non-professional.

This, of course, is not all. Even licensed organizations sometimes do not do business in the best way. in the best way. This is sad, because such actions should be carried out only by specialists. It is worth reading the reviews about the company to know if they really correspond to the specified services.

It is worth talking in more detail about the licenses required by specialists. The first of these is a permit for the installation, maintenance and repair of smoke extraction and smoke ventilation systems. It gives the right to inspect ventilation ducts and chimneys. In order to also clean the smoke exhaust ducts, a second license is required - “Establishment, repair, cladding, thermal insulation and cleaning of stoves, fireplaces, other heat-producing installations and chimneys”. It will not be superfluous to make sure that employees have such permissions before entrusting them with their channels.

Good. Let's say the contractor has already been selected, and the customer is completely confident in the quality of the services it provides. When is it worth calling its specialists for a periodic check? Of course, there are problems in the smoke and ventilation ducts, but calling people for nothing (and paying ridiculous money for it) is not worth it. The timing of the check must be chosen wisely.