Construction of houses from lstk profile. Lightweight construction technology: general characteristics and advantages of lightweight construction. Enclosing wall device

The low cost of light steel thin-walled structures with the mass availability of building materials contributes to the growing popularity of prefabricated civil buildings. The price of building a turnkey LSTK house is 5 times lower than the cost of capital brick construction. Building a house today is not as difficult as it was years ago, modern building technologies simplify the construction of a structure to the simplest level.

Prefabricated houses LSTK- these are houses made of a metal frame, which consists of elements of thin-walled, galvanized high-strength steel 3-4 mm thick. Building a turnkey house is not as difficult as it seems at first glance, and if you are still deciding whether you need to build a house using modern building technology from LSTC or not, check out this publication and you will make the right choice in favor of world progress.

Construction of a turnkey LTSC house is a service provided by specialized companies, which implies the implementation of all stages of work on the construction of a future building, from design to commissioning of the building with a guarantee of quality. The standard practice is to build a turnkey house from LSTC according to a standard project, which was previously built by this enterprise.

When ordering the construction of a turnkey house from LSTK, the cost of work will be about 45% of the total estimate.

What makes up the price:

• 55-65% - the price of building material
• 35-45% - the cost of work

Many businesses offer multiple options for low, medium, and high cost consumables. Also, the option of using your building material (which will comply with the terms of reference) may be offered.

Individual or standard project of the house?

Before you start building a house, answer the following questions for yourself: what do you want to get in the end? Is your idea non-standard or is one of the ready-made projects of LSTK structures suitable?

The thing is that LSTK houses have been actively built on a turnkey basis in our country for more than 15 years, during which time beautiful, original projects of comfortable and functional residential buildings have appeared that meet all modern building codes and requirements. Therefore, individual design of a house is not a mandatory option when ordering a turnkey construction of a LSTK house, so you can choose any ready-made version of a standard project that meets your requirements and terms of reference and start building it. The choice in favor of a standard project will save at least 25,000 Russian rubles, which can be invested in home insulation.

If you order a special project of the LSTK house, architects and engineers will prepare the best solution for you, in which everything will be thought out to the smallest detail: the type of foundation, roofing, wall insulation material and building facade cladding, sewerage and electrical network plan, water supply, ventilation system and much more other.

How is the turnkey construction of a turnkey LSTK house

First you need to find a contractor, high-level specialists with many years of experience in the construction and design of modern prefabricated buildings from light steel thin-walled structures.

The construction of a house from LSTC consists of several stages:

• Designing the future building, taking into account all the wishes and requirements.
• Manufacture of steel metal structure at the factory.
• Delivery of the finished kit at home to the installation site.
• The process of assembling and installing the frame.
• Internal and external finishing.
• Roofing.
• Structural insulation.

Decide on the project of the house, agree on all questions on the manufacture of the frame of the building, terms and prices.

The agreed and approved project of the future LSTK house is sent to the steel structure plant, which produces all the elements of the frame structure, forms a ready-made kit with all fasteners and packs it for further transportation to the assembly site. The plant guarantees the geometric accuracy of all parts.

What is included in the cost of manufacturing a metal structure at a factory:

• A set of assembly elements (profiled sheets and thin-walled profiles made of high-strength galvanized steel)
• A set of fasteners (bolts, hardware)
• Detailed instructions for assembling a house from LSTK.

LSTK house assembly

After the finished kit has been brought to the assembly site, a team of workers can begin the process of installing the building frame. Practice shows that 3-4 workers assemble a one-story metal frame of a LSTK house with an area of ​​110 meters on the floor in 2-4 days.

The frame is installed on the foundation, in case of its absence, the surface of the site is cleaned and the foundation is poured.

Connect the frame frame, erect walls and roof rafters. Produce interior and exterior decoration, insulation. In order for the fire safety of a house made of LSTC to be at the highest level, the materials of the outer walls are impregnated with special chemical fire protection agents. Turnkey LSTK houses are built very quickly, the deadlines are not delayed, all stages begin and end right on time. The term of building a house is 3-4 months and depends on the complexity of the design and dimensions.

LSTK technology

LSTK is an abbreviation that is used to denote not only construction technology, but also the material used - thin-walled galvanized steel profiles.

Still wondering why the construction of a turnkey LSTK house has become such a sought-after and popular service in the Russian market? The answer is hidden in the following: the technology for the construction of prefabricated buildings from light steel thin-walled structures was developed in the 1950s and since then has been constantly improved and developed by specialists in the construction industry.

Canadians have pioneered this simple yet reliable construction technology. The reason for the creation was the need for high-quality and inexpensive construction of residential buildings for the middle class of the population.

Prefabricated houses from LSTK, the turnkey construction price of which is 5-6 times lower than the capital one, have a whole list of advantages and positive features.

Advantages and features of houses from LSTK:

• Price. The cost of building a metal frame is more economical than the usual capital one.
• Timing. It is possible to build turnkey frame houses from a metal profile in 2-4 months.
• Easy installation. The frame of the house is built according to the documentation as a constructor. All LSTK elements are marked and have the necessary holes, they are securely joined to each other.
• No shrinkage on the foundation. If ordinary houses shrink due to heavy weight and huge load, then light steel thin-walled structures do not.
• Long service life. The proven service life of a house from LSTK, which was built on a turn-key basis by professionals, is 60-110 years.
• Excellent heat saving performance. The insulated wall of the house made of light steel thin-walled structures with a thickness of 15-20 centimeters corresponds to the thermal characteristics of a brick wall with a thickness of 1.6 meters.
• Construction at any time of the year. It is possible to build a turnkey house from LSTK even in wet weather.

The technology of construction of prefabricated buildings is developing, improving and widely used in our country. The construction of a turnkey LSTK house is a good alternative to the capital construction of a house. Many practice a savings option that will be of interest to many: you can order a ready-made set of a metal frame for a house, hire workers and build a house with a minimum economic benefit of 100-150,000 rubles. In any case, the LSTK technology is more economical than conventional construction, so we recommend not saving on professionals and entrusting the construction of a house exclusively to high-level specialists.

The construction of buildings on a metal frame has been practiced for a long time, but they mainly built industrial and technical premises, buildings of shopping centers, etc. Application in private housing construction was limited by the high thermal conductivity of the metal: heating bills would be unrealistic. Manufacturers solved the problem by making the so-called thermal profiles, which, paired with modern heaters, make it possible to get a warm house. If you are looking for an inexpensive, reliable house that is built in a short time, a metal frame house may be right for you. It has a low cost - two times lower than brick, assembly is fast, the service life of the factory frame is 70 years.

The technology is very flexible: any house you like can be adapted to a metal frame. First, a frame plan is drawn up, the type of finishing materials is determined (only your wishes affect). Further, the developed project is processed by a special program that breaks everything into components, gives a list of elements with all the parameters. Profiles of the required size are manufactured and marked, bundled, packaged, delivered to the construction site. In short, this is the entire technical process - from project development to the start of assembling a frame house from metal profiles.

Advantages and disadvantages

This technology is becoming more and more popular in European countries (including northern ones), Canada and America. And all because steel does not rot, insects do not eat it. A metal frame structure weighs several times less than a house made of wood (twice), and even more so, it is lighter than houses made of brick and other similar materials. The light weight of the building means lower foundation costs, since its parameters depend on the load, which further reduces the cost per square meter of development. Usually pile houses are placed under such houses, or. On average, one square of the area costs 4-5 thousand rubles (excluding the cost of finishing materials).

The technology by which a metal frame house is built is called light thin-walled steel structures, or LSTK for short. Lightweight does not mean fragile. Houses built using LSTK technology can withstand earthquakes of magnitude nine. But this applies to buildings no higher than 3 floors.

Another advantage of a steel frame over a wooden frame is that it is strong enough to withstand heavy roofing materials. If you decide to use ceramic tiles - please. Only its weight must be taken into account when calculating the parameters of the foundation.

The design of the wall pie itself is almost the same as that of. The whole difference is in the material used for the frame and the method of assembly.

What about cold bridges? Manufacturers claim that the problem is solved. Modern thermal profiles, from which private houses are built, have sections arranged in a checkerboard pattern. They prevent through freezing of structural elements.

This is how the picture of the "work" of the thermal profile looks like

And although the thermal profiles really work, all the same, such a house is colder than. However, the problem can be solved by making high-quality insulation. With the correct execution of the “pie” of insulation with all membranes (windproof, vapor-permeable from the outside, vapor barrier inside), the metal-frame house will be warm and no more will be spent on heating than in the so-called “warm houses”.

For insulation, you can use any modern insulation - mineral wool, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, foamed glass, ecowool. Foam glass has the best characteristics, extruded polystyrene foam is slightly worse. But they have a solid price, although the required thickness is several times less than that of mineral wool. As a result, the cost of insulation are comparable.

The most optimal combination of qualities and prices for mineral wool. It is more convenient to work with basalt. She also has good features. Fiberglass is also good in terms of characteristics, but it is difficult to work with it. Slag wool is the cheapest, but it is very afraid of getting wet; when using it, it is necessary to install a ventilated facade.

For the above reasons, from the whole variety, I most often choose basalt wool. It fits well into the frame, has good thermal insulation properties, is relatively inexpensive, and is also a good soundproof material, which is important for this technology.

What is a metal frame house made of?

LSTK elements are made of durable structural steel by cold stamping. The sheet has a protective zinc covering from 18 to 40 microns thick. Some factories make structures from hot-dip galvanized sheets. Such elements are more expensive, but they are also more durable.

The thickness of the sheet from which they are formed is from 0.7 mm to 2 mm. The choice depends on the required bearing capacity of a particular element. There are the following types of profiles.

The following types are most commonly used.

There are also special floor and ceiling beams. The truss system of the house is made up of similar elements. The elements are connected to each other by bolts, self-tapping screws, riveting, contact welding can be used.

Now about the quality of components from different companies. There are about a dozen factories in Russia. Everyone's quality is different. Therefore, carefully look at the quality of galvanizing, metal bending. There should not be any, even the smallest, traces of rust anywhere. In general, even the best “our” profiles are significantly inferior to imported ones. It's a shame, but it's true.

Assembly order

From the factory, all material comes packed in packs. Each part is marked, the same marking is present on the working drawings. The frame of the LSTK house is being assembled as a constructor: everything is ready, even holes for hardware are stamped. Put the parts in place, align the grooves and install the fasteners. From the metal-frame house is assembled in exactly the same way as from wooden bars. If we outline the stages briefly, step by step everything looks like this:

The frame of the steel house is ready. All that's left is insulation and finishing work. It is a remark: no matter how much you want to save money, the crate should also be assembled from metal. The same expansion coefficients are exactly what contributes to the high strength of such structures. When joining metal and wood, this cannot be achieved: the fasteners gradually weaken. This is especially critical in regions with high seismic activity. But even in calmer regions, there is little joy from rattling finishes.

Can you build it yourself?

If we are talking about how to assemble the parts that came from the factory into one design, then easily, but with assistants. All work consists in finding the right part and installing it in the place indicated in the drawings. Difficult at first, then get used to it.

If by “do-it-yourself construction of a metal-frame house” they mean welding it from a profile pipe, then this is an ambiguous matter. If you are going to build a small country house, then there are no questions: the frame can be installed according to the same principle as a wooden one, and for a one-story building, 80 * 80 mm pipes are enough for corner posts, and you can take less for intermediate ones. But the installation step is still dictated by the insulation: the distance in the clearance should be 58-59 cm (slightly less than the standard width of mineral wool).

The only thing to remember: when using a profile pipe, cold bridges will be required. Then the insulation itself will need to be done in several layers, blocking heat leaks, which will solve the problem. One layer is traditionally placed in a spacer between the uprights. The cross section of the profile pipe is far from 200-250 mm, which are necessary for warming a house in the Moscow region (for mineral wool). Therefore, a transverse crate is arranged under the missing layers (on one or two sides - decide for yourself). It turns out that between the racks the insulation is laid vertically, and along the crate - horizontally. Cold bridges have become much less.

From the side of the room, the insulation is closed with a vapor barrier membrane (it should not let moisture into the insulation). From the side of the street, a windproof vapor-permeable membrane with waterproofing properties is fixed to it. It performs three functions at once:

• protects from the wind
• prevents condensate or accidentally falling precipitation from getting into the insulation,
• removes steam from the heater, which still penetrates there from the room (despite the vapor barrier).

Only with such a cake and the presence of a ventilation gap between the outer membrane and the finishing materials can you be sure that the insulation will not get wet. Only in order for the ventilation gap to work, ventilation holes are also needed at the bottom of the wall and an unhermetically sealed outlet under the roof from above: the air flow between the exterior finish of the metal frame house and the windproof membrane must pass without encountering obstacles.

For inspiration - a video that shows the process of welding a country house from a profile metal pipe. For those who know how to make a metal frame house with their own hands from a pipe, it will not be difficult.

In frame construction, the skeleton of the building should be built from a material with minimal thermal conductivity. Otherwise, the entire frame will turn into continuous cold bridges - the reasons for the formation of condensate. That is why preference was given to timber. But wood had many other disadvantages, and steel structures did not allow to keep warm. These problems were solved by the thermal profile, which combines the best qualities of both materials. In its creation, technologies were used, thanks to which the steel frame ceased to be a heat-conducting structure.

Technological secret of the thermal profile

A channel-shaped profile is made from galvanized steel using a cold-rolled method. Perforation is applied to its central shelf. It represents the original notches, which are the main protection against heat leakage. The length and location of the notches are calculated by formulas and have physical justifications. Thus, the thermal profile is endowed with low thermal conductivity, which practically reduces to zero.

Heat rushing outward begins to pass through the perforation holes for a long time, as they are staggered in several rows. As a result, it is distributed in the notches and partially comes back. From the street, the cold penetrates through these same openings, and during the time it passes inside, it manages to warm up. Thus, in the thickness of the wall, the meeting of cold and warm flows is excluded, which eliminates the formation of condensate.

Perforation prevents the appearance of cold bridges, which is why the thermal profile has excellent heat-saving characteristics. So, the problems of frame construction are solved. Builders now build structures that have improved properties:

• a light weight,
• good strength and stability,
• short frame assembly time,
• elimination of heat loss,
• absolute fire safety,
• the possibility of assembly at any time of the year,
• no shrinkage of the finished frame (in comparison with wood).

Characteristics

This building material is manufactured with a wall height of 60-200 mm (size step is 20 mm). Also available in 250mm and 300mm heights. Additionally, it may have stiffeners. This design is available for load-bearing parts of the frame with increased load. U and C-shaped thermal profiles are available in shape. Holes for self-tapping screws, flanges and other necessary components for connecting parts are provided at the production stage.

That is why each object has its own set of steel elements. All these factors make it possible to quickly assemble houses from a thermal profile up to three floors high at the construction site. For low-rise private and commercial construction, this construction method has become the best in comparison with other frame technologies.

Construction features

Manufacturers produce a thermal profile made of steel with a thickness of 0.7-2 mm. Frames assembled from it are called LSTK (light steel thin-walled structures). The technology is popular in the Scandinavian countries, where fast, easy and heat-saving construction is valued. Finished houses have the following weight values:

• 1 m2 of steel frame weighs approximately 25-50 kg,
• 1 m2 of the finished building exerts a load on the foundation of approximately 200 kg.

These characteristics allow not only to save on the construction of the foundation, but also to carry out construction on difficult soils. Frame assembly time is also reduced to a minimum: a team of 3 builders can assemble the frame of a 1-storey house in 4 weeks. At the same time, there are no restrictions on the seasonality of work, since the materials can be used at very low temperatures.

The outer wall of the house, for the construction of which a thermal profile was used, consists of the following materials (the sequence of layers is observed from the inside to the outside):

• drywall,
• vapor barrier material (for example, film),
• thermoprofile frame,
• insulation (mineral wool boards),
• windproof film,
• facade cladding (for example, metal siding).

The order of construction is as follows:

1. Building a foundation.
2. Frame assembly.
3. Insulation lining.
4. Facade cladding.
5. Cladding of internal walls.

Where else can you use a thermal profile?

In addition to the construction of low-rise buildings of individual and standard buildings, the material is used for the reconstruction of old houses. At the same time, with its help, load-bearing walls, interfloor partitions, and roofing systems are completely rebuilt. Also, the thermal profile is used as a crate for additional insulation of the old facade with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene slabs.

It should be noted that when building frame houses from this material, supply and exhaust ventilation is installed in the building. It is required for rooms in which PVC windows and sealed doors are installed. Air exchange can be improved by installing wooden double-glazed windows and natural ventilation. The latter is most effective for 1-2 storey buildings.

The cost of building a house from light steel thin-walled turnkey structures includes a budget for the frame, a set of finishing and other materials, as well as a fee for installation work. This technology is characterized by short implementation times, as well as a favorable price for finished projects.

A residential building using LSTK technology is built according to the following principle:

1. Design.
2. Foundation laying.
3. Assembly and installation of wall panels.
4. Assembly and installation of roof trusses.
5. Roofing.
6. Arrangement of communications.
7. Internal and external finishing works.

At the design stage, the main attention is paid to the calculation of the rigidity and strength of the supporting frame. The foundation for a light LSTK building can be absolutely anything. Wall panels and roof trusses are assembled from prefabricated perforated profiles made from galvanized steel at the factory. For covering the roof, traditional materials are used - corrugated board, metal tiles and so on.

The basis of the wall cake is a heater. From the outside, it is closed with wind protection and facade cladding, from the inside - with vapor barrier, drywall and finishing.

Benefits of LSTK technology

By giving preference to LSTK technology in housing construction, the user receives the following benefits:

• low cost of materials;
• compressed lines of construction;
• the most favorable price when ordering turnkey construction;
• flexibility in the choice and individual completion of projects;
• You can build in any season;
• the house has been serving for over 70 years without repair.

In addition, it is also worth noting the resistance of the galvanized metal frame to corrosion, fire, gusts of wind and seismic loads.

Housing from LSTK: the cost of standard projects

Below is a table with indicative prices for housing construction using LSTC technology. In particular, it is possible to visually understand what main components make up the budget for the implementation of standard turnkey projects.

You can learn more about the construction of housing from light steel thin-walled structures from the specialists of our company by contacting them at the specified phone number or through the feedback form on the website.

In order for your future home to meet your expectations, you first need to “build” it on paper. But we will not repeat the common truths about what is design? this is the most important stage of construction. Instead, we want to draw your attention to the advantages of ordering a house project (cottage, household, commercial and industrial facilities) in Astekhome.

Individual approach

As part of the affordable housing program, we offer standard and individual projects of LSTK houses. At the same time, the first option does not limit the customer during construction. Despite the fact that the development is carried out using already prepared parameters, it is always possible to customize it for yourself, that is, change individual characteristics; layout, room sizes, location of plumbing fixtures, etc. Ready-made projects of houses from LSTK can be considered as a basis, which can be adjusted according to the preferences and capabilities of the customer.

We work quickly!

Having studied all the features of designing objects from LSTK and having perfectly mastered the technology of building prefabricated residential, commercial and industrial buildings and structures, Astekhoum specialists will develop an individual house project for you as quickly as possible. We guarantee a high professional level and short deadlines.

Availability

You can implement the projects of houses from LSTK developed by us, even if you are not a builder! We will provide you with a detailed project, which even the one who builds for the first time will be able to understand and build a house. When ordering LSTK, you will receive a ready-made house kit, cut and marked at the factory and equipped with all the necessary building and finishing materials.

• We distribute projects of houses from LSTK as a gift!

Each client who ordered an LSTK profile from us is given a house project as a gift! This will reduce both financial and time costs for construction.

Call us. And you will have your own house in 2 months!