To succeed in the physics exam, you need to be attentive in the classroom, study new material regularly, and have a deep enough understanding of the basic ideas and principles. To do this, you can use several methods and collaborate with classmates to consolidate knowledge. In addition, it is important to have a good rest and a good snack before the exam, as well as to remain calm during it. If you studied well before the exam, you can pass it without any problems.

Steps

How to get the most out of class

Start studying the material you have covered a few days or weeks before the exam. It is unlikely that you will pass the exam normally if you start preparing for it on the last evening. Schedule time to study and consolidate the material and solve practical problems a few days or even weeks before the exam so that you have time to properly prepare for it.

• Try to master the necessary material as best as possible in order to feel confident during the exam.

1. Review the topics that may come up on the exam. Most likely, it was these topics that you have recently covered in class, and you were given homework on them. Review the notes you took in class and try to memorize the basic formulas and concepts that you may need to take the exam.

2. Read the textbook before class. Familiarize yourself with the relevant topic in advance so that you can better absorb the material during the lesson. Many physical principles are based on what you have studied before. Identify any points you don't understand and write down questions to ask your teacher.

   • For example, if you have already learned how to determine the speed, it is likely that in the next step you will learn how to calculate the average acceleration. Read the relevant section of the textbook in advance to better understand the material.

3. Solve problems at home. After every hour of school, spend at least 2-3 hours memorizing new formulas and learning how to use them. This repetition will help you absorb new ideas better and learn how to solve problems that may appear on the exam.

   • If desired, you can note the time to reproduce the conditions of the upcoming exam.

4. Review and correct your homework. Review completed homework and try to re-solve any problems that caused you difficulty or were not completed correctly. Keep in mind that many teachers ask the same questions and tasks in the exam that they met in homework.

   • Even correctly completed assignments should be reviewed in order to consolidate the material covered.

5. Attend all classes and be careful. In physics, new ideas and concepts are built on previous knowledge, which is why it is so important not to miss lessons and study regularly, otherwise you can fall behind others. If you can't attend a class, be sure to get your notes and read the appropriate section in your textbook.

   • If you are unable to attend classes due to an emergency or illness, ask your teacher what material you need to learn.

6. Use flashcards to better remember various terms and formulas. Write the name of the physical law on one side of the card, and the corresponding formula on the other. Have someone read the name of the formula aloud, and then try to spell it correctly.

   • For example, you can write “speed” on one side of the card, and write the corresponding formula on the other: “v = s / t”.
   • You can write "Newton's second law" on one side of the card, and write the corresponding formula on the other: "∑F = ma".

7. Recall what caused you the most problems in past exams. If you have already written tests or taken exams before, you need to pay special attention to those topics that caused you difficulty. In this way, you will tighten up your weak points and be able to get a higher score.

   • It is especially useful to do this before the final exams, which evaluate knowledge in many areas of physics.

How to prepare for an exam

1. Sleep the night before the exam 7–8 hours . It is necessary to get enough sleep in order to more easily remember the material covered and find the right solutions to problems. If you cram all night and do not rest, then the next morning you will not remember well what you learned the day before.

   • Even if the exam is scheduled for the middle of the day, it is better to get up early and prepare in advance.
   • In physics, increased attention and critical thinking are required, so it is better to come to the exam well-rested and well-rested.
   • Follow the usual sleep schedule - this will allow you to consolidate the knowledge gained.

2. Eat a good breakfast on the day of the exam. For breakfast, it is good to eat foods rich in slow-digesting carbohydrates, such as oatmeal or whole grain bread, to help you perform more effectively during the exam. You should also eat protein foods such as eggs, yogurt or milk to keep you full longer. Finally, give your body an extra boost of energy by rounding off your breakfast with fiber-rich fruits such as apples, bananas or pears.

   • A healthy, hearty breakfast before an exam will help you better remember what you've learned.

Basic formulas in physics, explanations of the formulas, the school curriculum and further education, helping the student in studying physics, the practical application of f...

Basic formulas in physics for grade 9. Everything you need to know!

By Masterweb

Physics is a rigorous technical science. Sometimes not everyone manages to keep up in this discipline during their school years. Moreover, not every student has a logical and technical mindset, and physics at school is forced to teach absolutely everyone. Formulas from the textbook may not fit in the head. In this article we will consider the basic formulas in physics for grade 9 in mechanics.

Mechanics

It’s worth starting with the most basic and simplest laws in physics. As you know, such an extensive topic as mechanics consists of three paragraphs:

1. Statics.
2. Dynamics.
3. Kinematics.

Kinematics is studied in grade 10, so we will not consider it within the framework of this article.

Statics

It should be studied sequentially, starting with simple formulas of statics. Namely, from the formulas of pressure, the moment of inertia of bodies of revolution and the moment of force. Formulas in physics grade 9 with explanations will be clearly presented below.

Pressure is a measure of the force acting on the surface area of ​​a body, measured in Pascals. Pressure is calculated as the ratio of force to area, so the formula will look as simple as possible:

The moment of inertia of bodies of revolution is a measure of inertia in the rotational motion of a body around itself, or, strictly speaking, the product of the body's mass and its squared radius. The corresponding formula is:

The moment of force (or, as many people call it, the rotational moment) is the force applied to a rigid body and creating rotation. This is a vector quantity, which can also have a negative sign, measured in meters multiplied by Newton. In the canonical representation, the formula implies the product of the force applied to the body and the distance (shoulder of the force), the formula:

Dynamics

Formulas in physics grades 7-9 with explanations on dynamics - our next step. Actually, this is the largest and most significant section of mechanics. All bodies are subject to movement, even being at rest, some forces act on them, provoking movement. Important concepts to learn before understanding dynamics are path, velocity, acceleration, and mass.

The first step, of course, is to study Newton's laws.

Newton's first law is a definition without a formula. It says that the body is either at rest or moves, but only after all the forces concentrated on it are balanced.

Newton's second and most famous law states that the acceleration of a body depends on the force applied to it. The formula also includes the mass of the object to which the force is applied.

Please note that the formula above is written in scalar form - force and acceleration in vector can have a negative sign, this must be taken into account.

Newton's third law: the force of action is equal to the force of reaction. All you need to know from this law is that each force has the same force in opposition, only directed in the opposite direction, thus maintaining a balance on our planet.

Now let's consider other forces acting within the framework of dynamics, and these are the force of gravity, elasticity, friction and the force of rolling friction. All of them are vectorial and can be directed in any direction, and together they can form systems: add and subtract, multiply or divide. If the forces are not directed parallel to each other, then the calculation will need to use the cosine of the angle between them.

The 9th grade physics formulas also include in their program the law of universal gravitation and cosmic velocities, which every student should know.

The law of universal gravitation is the law of Isaac Newton, already notorious to us, appearing in his classical theory. In fact, it turned out to be revolutionary: the law states that any body located in the Earth's gravitational field is attracted to its core. And indeed it is.

space speeds

The first cosmic velocity is necessary to enter the Earth's orbit (numerically equal to 7.9 km / s), and the second cosmic velocity is needed to overcome the gravitational attraction in order to go not only beyond the orbit, but also allow the object to move along a non-circular trajectory. It is equal to 11.2 km / s, respectively. It is important that both cosmic speeds were overcome by mankind, and thanks to them, flights into space are possible today. Physics formulas for grade 9 do not imply third and fourth cosmic velocities, but they also exist.

Conclusion

In this article, the basic formulas in physics for grade 9 were considered. Their study opens up opportunities for the student to learn more complex sections of physics, such as electricity, magnetism, sound or molecular theory. Without knowing mechanics, it is impossible to understand the rest of physics, mechanics is a fundamental part of this science today. Formulas in physics for grade 9 are also necessary for passing the state exam in physics, their summary and spelling must be known to every 9th grade graduate entering a technical college. Remembering them is not difficult.

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It is natural and correct to be interested in the surrounding world and the laws of its functioning and development. That is why it is reasonable to pay attention to the natural sciences, for example, physics, which explains the very essence of the formation and development of the Universe. The basic physical laws are easy to understand. At a very young age, the school introduces children to these principles.

For many, this science begins with the textbook "Physics (Grade 7)". The basic concepts of and and thermodynamics are revealed to schoolchildren, they get acquainted with the core of the main physical laws. But should knowledge be limited to the school bench? What physical laws should every person know? This will be discussed later in the article.

science physics

Many of the nuances of the described science are familiar to everyone from early childhood. And this is due to the fact that, in essence, physics is one of the areas of natural science. It tells about the laws of nature, the action of which affects the life of everyone, and in many ways even provides it, about the features of matter, its structure and patterns of motion.

The term "physics" was first recorded by Aristotle in the fourth century BC. Initially, it was synonymous with the concept of "philosophy". After all, both sciences had a common goal - to correctly explain all the mechanisms of the functioning of the Universe. But already in the sixteenth century, as a result of the scientific revolution, physics became independent.

general law

Some basic laws of physics are applied in various branches of science. In addition to them, there are those that are considered to be common to all nature. This is about

It implies that the energy of each closed system, when any phenomena occur in it, is necessarily conserved. Nevertheless, it is able to transform into another form and effectively change its quantitative content in various parts of the named system. At the same time, in an open system, the energy decreases, provided that the energy of any bodies and fields that interact with it increases.

In addition to the above general principle, physics contains the basic concepts, formulas, laws that are necessary for interpreting the processes taking place in the surrounding world. Exploring them can be incredibly exciting. Therefore, in this article the basic laws of physics will be briefly considered, and in order to understand them deeper, it is important to pay full attention to them.

Mechanics

Many basic laws of physics are revealed to young scientists in grades 7-9 of the school, where such a branch of science as mechanics is more fully studied. Its basic principles are described below.

1. Galileo's law of relativity (also called the mechanical law of relativity, or the basis of classical mechanics). The essence of the principle lies in the fact that under similar conditions, mechanical processes in any inertial reference frames are completely identical.
2. Hooke's law. Its essence is that the greater the impact on an elastic body (spring, rod, cantilever, beam) from the side, the greater its deformation.

Newton's laws (represent the basis of classical mechanics):

1. The principle of inertia says that any body is capable of being at rest or moving uniformly and rectilinearly only if no other bodies influence it in any way, or if they somehow compensate for each other's action. To change the speed of movement, it is necessary to act on the body with some force, and, of course, the result of the action of the same force on bodies of different sizes will also differ.
2. The main pattern of dynamics states that the greater the resultant of the forces that are currently acting on a given body, the greater the acceleration received by it. And, accordingly, the greater the body weight, the lower this indicator.
3. Newton's third law states that any two bodies always interact with each other in an identical pattern: their forces are of the same nature, are equivalent in magnitude, and necessarily have the opposite direction along the straight line that connects these bodies.
4. The principle of relativity states that all phenomena occurring under the same conditions in inertial frames of reference proceed in an absolutely identical way.

Thermodynamics

The school textbook, which reveals to students the basic laws ("Physics. Grade 7"), introduces them to the basics of thermodynamics. We will briefly review its principles below.

The laws of thermodynamics, which are basic in this branch of science, are of a general nature and are not related to the details of the structure of a particular substance at the atomic level. By the way, these principles are important not only for physics, but also for chemistry, biology, aerospace engineering, etc.

For example, in the named industry there is a rule that cannot be logically determined that in a closed system, the external conditions for which are unchanged, an equilibrium state is established over time. And the processes that continue in it invariably compensate each other.

Another rule of thermodynamics confirms the desire of a system, which consists of a colossal number of particles characterized by chaotic motion, to an independent transition from less probable states for the system to more probable ones.

And the Gay-Lussac law (also called it states that for a gas of a certain mass under conditions of stable pressure, the result of dividing its volume by absolute temperature will certainly become a constant value.

Another important rule of this industry is the first law of thermodynamics, which is also called the principle of conservation and transformation of energy for a thermodynamic system. According to him, any amount of heat that was communicated to the system will be spent exclusively on the metamorphosis of its internal energy and the performance of work by it in relation to any acting external forces. It is this regularity that became the basis for the formation of a scheme for the operation of heat engines.

Another gas regularity is Charles' law. It states that the greater the pressure of a certain mass of an ideal gas, while maintaining a constant volume, the greater its temperature.

Electricity

Opens for young scientists interesting basic laws of physics 10th grade school. At this time, the main principles of nature and the laws of action of electric current, as well as other nuances, are studied.

Ampère's law, for example, states that conductors connected in parallel, through which current flows in the same direction, inevitably attract, and in the case of the opposite direction of current, respectively, repel. Sometimes the same name is used for a physical law that determines the force acting in an existing magnetic field on a small section of a conductor that is currently conducting current. It is called so - the power of Ampere. This discovery was made by a scientist in the first half of the nineteenth century (namely, in 1820).

The law of conservation of charge is one of the basic principles of nature. It states that the algebraic sum of all electric charges arising in any electrically isolated system is always conserved (becomes constant). Despite this, the named principle does not exclude the appearance of new charged particles in such systems as a result of certain processes. Nevertheless, the total electric charge of all newly formed particles must necessarily be equal to zero.

Coulomb's law is one of the fundamental in electrostatics. It expresses the principle of the force of interaction between fixed point charges and explains the quantitative calculation of the distance between them. Coulomb's law makes it possible to substantiate the basic principles of electrodynamics in an experimental way. It says that fixed point charges will certainly interact with each other with a force that is the higher, the greater the product of their magnitudes and, accordingly, the smaller, the smaller the square of the distance between the charges under consideration and the medium in which the described interaction occurs.

Ohm's law is one of the basic principles of electricity. It says that the greater the strength of the direct electric current acting on a certain section of the circuit, the greater the voltage at its ends.

They call the principle that allows you to determine the direction in the conductor of a current moving under the influence of a magnetic field in a certain way. To do this, it is necessary to position the right hand so that the lines of magnetic induction figuratively touch the open palm, and extend the thumb in the direction of the conductor. In this case, the remaining four straightened fingers will determine the direction of movement of the induction current.

Also, this principle helps to find out the exact location of the lines of magnetic induction of a straight conductor that conducts current at the moment. It works like this: place the thumb of the right hand in such a way that it points and figuratively grasp the conductor with the other four fingers. The location of these fingers will demonstrate the exact direction of the lines of magnetic induction.

The principle of electromagnetic induction is a pattern that explains the process of operation of transformers, generators, electric motors. This law is as follows: in a closed circuit, the generated induction is the greater, the greater the rate of change of the magnetic flux.

Optics

The branch "Optics" also reflects a part of the school curriculum (basic laws of physics: grades 7-9). Therefore, these principles are not as difficult to understand as it might seem at first glance. Their study brings with it not just additional knowledge, but a better understanding of the surrounding reality. The main laws of physics that can be attributed to the field of study of optics are as follows:

1. Huynes principle. It is a method that allows you to efficiently determine at any given fraction of a second the exact position of the wave front. Its essence is as follows: all points that are in the path of the wave front in a certain fraction of a second, in fact, become sources of spherical waves (secondary) in themselves, while the placement of the wave front in the same fraction of a second is identical to the surface , which goes around all spherical waves (secondary). This principle is used to explain the existing laws related to the refraction of light and its reflection.
2. The Huygens-Fresnel principle reflects an effective method for resolving issues related to wave propagation. It helps to explain the elementary problems associated with the diffraction of light.
3. waves. It is equally used for reflection in the mirror. Its essence lies in the fact that both the falling beam and the one that was reflected, as well as the perpendicular constructed from the point of incidence of the beam, are located in a single plane. It is also important to remember that in this case the angle at which the beam falls is always absolutely equal to the angle of refraction.
4. The principle of refraction of light. This is a change in the trajectory of an electromagnetic wave (light) at the moment of movement from one homogeneous medium to another, which differs significantly from the first in a number of refractive indices. The speed of propagation of light in them is different.
5. The law of rectilinear propagation of light. At its core, it is a law related to the field of geometric optics, and is as follows: in any homogeneous medium (regardless of its nature), light propagates strictly rectilinearly, along the shortest distance. This law simply and clearly explains the formation of a shadow.

Atomic and nuclear physics

The basic laws of quantum physics, as well as the fundamentals of atomic and nuclear physics, are studied in high school and higher education institutions.

Thus, Bohr's postulates are a series of basic hypotheses that have become the basis of the theory. Its essence is that any atomic system can remain stable only in stationary states. Any emission or absorption of energy by an atom necessarily occurs using the principle, the essence of which is as follows: the radiation associated with transport becomes monochromatic.

These postulates refer to the standard school curriculum that studies the basic laws of physics (Grade 11). Their knowledge is mandatory for the graduate.

Basic laws of physics that a person should know

Some physical principles, although they belong to one of the branches of this science, are nevertheless of a general nature and should be known to everyone. We list the basic laws of physics that a person should know:

• Archimedes' law (applies to the areas of hydro-, as well as aerostatics). It implies that any body that has been immersed in a gaseous substance or in a liquid is subject to a kind of buoyant force, which is necessarily directed vertically upwards. This force is always numerically equal to the weight of the liquid or gas displaced by the body.
• Another formulation of this law is as follows: a body immersed in a gas or liquid will certainly lose as much weight as the mass of the liquid or gas in which it was immersed. This law became the basic postulate of the theory of floating bodies.
• The law of universal gravitation (discovered by Newton). Its essence lies in the fact that absolutely all bodies are inevitably attracted to each other with a force that is the greater, the greater the product of the masses of these bodies and, accordingly, the less, the smaller the square of the distance between them.

These are the 3 basic laws of physics that everyone who wants to understand the mechanism of the functioning of the surrounding world and the features of the processes occurring in it should know. It is quite easy to understand how they work.

The value of such knowledge

The basic laws of physics must be in the baggage of knowledge of a person, regardless of his age and type of activity. They reflect the mechanism of existence of all today's reality, and, in essence, are the only constant in a continuously changing world.

The basic laws, concepts of physics open up new opportunities for studying the world around us. Their knowledge helps to understand the mechanism of the existence of the Universe and the movement of all cosmic bodies. It turns us not just onlookers of daily events and processes, but allows us to be aware of them. When a person clearly understands the basic laws of physics, that is, all the processes taking place around him, he gets the opportunity to control them in the most effective way, making discoveries and thereby making his life more comfortable.

Results

Some are forced to study in depth the basic laws of physics for the exam, others - by occupation, and some - out of scientific curiosity. Regardless of the goals of studying this science, the benefits of the knowledge gained can hardly be overestimated. There is nothing more satisfying than understanding the basic mechanisms and laws of the existence of the surrounding world.

Don't be indifferent - develop!

How to prepare for the exam in physics? And does a diligent student need any special training?

“Five in physics school. We go to courses. What else does? After all, physics is not literature, where you have to read 100 books before writing an essay. Everything is simple here: you substitute the numbers in the formula - you get your points.

This is how short-sighted parents and students usually argue. "For the sake of order" attend preparatory courses at the university. A month before the exam, they turn to the tutor: “Get us trained before the exam and show us how to solve typical problems.” And suddenly a bolt from the blue - low scores on the exam in physics. Why? Who is guilty? Maybe a tutor?

It turns out that the school five in physics was worth nothing! It is not difficult to get it - read a paragraph in the textbook, raise your hand in class, make a report on the topic "Lomonosov's Life" - and you're done. They don't teach physics problems in school., and the exam in this subject almost entirely consists of tasks.

It turns out that there is practically no physical experiment at school. The student imagines a capacitor or a loop with current as his fantasy tells him. Obviously, each fantasy suggests something different.

It turns out that in many schools in Moscow there is no physics at all. Often students report: “But we have a historian who conducts physics. And our physicist was ill for a year, and then emigrated.”

Physics was somewhere in the backyard of school education! It has long turned into a secondary subject, something like life safety or natural history.
At school with physics - a real disaster.

Our society is already feeling the consequences of this catastrophe. There is an acute shortage of specialists - engineers, builders, designers. man-made accidents. The inability of personnel to manage even with the equipment that was built in the Soviet era. And at the same time - an overabundance of people with degrees in economics, law or "marketing manager".

Many go to engineering specialties only because there is a low competition. “It won’t work at MGIMO, we don’t want to join the army, so we’ll go to the MAI, we’ll have to prepare for the Unified State Exam in physics.” So they are preparing with a creak, skipping classes and wondering: why are these tasks not being solved?

This doesn't apply to you, does it?

Physics is a real science. Beautiful. Paradoxical. And very interesting. It is impossible to "pull" here - one must study physics itself as a science.

There are no "typical" USE tasks. There are no magic "formulas" in which you need to substitute something. Physics is understanding at the level of ideas. It is a coherent system of complex ideas about how the world works..

If you decide to prepare for the exam in physics and enter a technical university, tune in to serious work.

Here are some practical tips:

Tip 1.
Start preparing for the exam in physics in advance. Two years, that is, grades 10 and 11, is the optimal period of preparation. In one academic year, you can still have time to do something. And start two months before the exam - count on a maximum of 50 points.

We immediately warn against self-preparation. Solving problems in physics is a skill. Moreover, it is an art that can only be learned under the guidance of a master - an experienced tutor.

Tip 2.
Physics is impossible without mathematics. If you have gaps in mathematical preparation, eliminate them immediately. Do you know if you have these gaps? Easy to check. If you can’t decompose a vector into components, express an unknown value from a formula, or solve an equation, then do math.

After all, the solution of many USE problems in physics ends with a numerical answer. You need a non-programmable calculator with sines and logarithms. An office calculator with four steps or a calculator in a mobile phone is not good.
Buy a non-programmable calculator at the very beginning of training to master it at the level of automaticity. Bring each problem you solve to the end, that is, to the correct numerical answer.

What are the best books to prepare for the exam in physics?

1. Rymkevich's assignment.

It contains many simple tasks that are good to get your hands on. After "Rymkevich" the formulas are remembered by themselves, and the problems of part A are solved without difficulty.

2. Some more useful books:
Bendrikov G. A., Bukhovtsev B. B., Kerzhentsev V. V., Myakishev G. Ya. Problems in physics for applicants to universities.
Bakanina L. P., Belonuchkin V. E., Kozel S. M. Collection of problems in physics: For grades 10–11 with in-depth study of physics.
Parfent'eva N. A. Collection of problems in physics. 10-11 grade.

The most important. In order to successfully prepare for the exam in physics, you must clearly understand why you need it. After all, not only in order to pass the exam, to enter and hang out from the army?
A possible answer might be this. It is necessary to prepare for the Unified State Exam in physics in order to become a highly qualified, sought-after specialist in the future. Moreover, knowledge of physics will help you become a truly educated person.

We are starting a series of articles about problems and outdated concepts in the school curriculum and suggest discussing why schoolchildren need physics, and why today it is not taught the way we would like.

Why does a modern student study physics? Either so that parents and teachers do not bother him, or then, in order to successfully pass the exam of his choice, score the required number of points and enter a good university. There is another option that a student loves physics, but this love usually exists somehow separately from the school curriculum.

In any of these cases, teaching is conducted according to the same scheme. It adapts to the system of its own control - knowledge must be presented in such a form that it can be easily verified. For this, there is a system of GIA and the Unified State Examination, and as a result, preparation for these exams becomes the main goal of training.

How is the Unified State Examination in Physics arranged in its current version? Exam tasks are compiled according to a special codifier, which includes formulas that, in theory, every student should know. This is about a hundred formulas for all sections of the school curriculum - from kinematics to nuclear physics.

Most of the tasks - somewhere around 80% - are aimed precisely at the application of these formulas. Moreover, other methods of solving cannot be used: I substituted a formula that is not in the list - I did not receive a certain number of points, even if the answer converged. And only the remaining 20% ​​are comprehension tasks.

As a result, the main goal of teaching is to ensure that students know this set of formulas and can apply it. And all physics comes down to simple combinatorics: read the conditions of the problem, understand what formula you need, substitute the necessary indicators and just get the result.

In elite and specialized schools of physics and mathematics, education, of course, is arranged differently. There, as in preparation for all kinds of olympiads, there is some element of creativity, and the combinatorics of formulas becomes much more complicated. But here we are interested in the basic program in physics and its shortcomings.

Standard tasks and abstract theoretical constructions that an ordinary schoolchild should know are very quickly eroded from his head. As a result, no one knows physics after graduation from school - except for the minority who for some reason are interested in it or need it in their specialty.

It turns out that science, the main goal of which was the knowledge of nature and the real physical world, at school becomes utterly abstract and remote from everyday human experience. Physics, like other subjects, is taught by cramming, and when in high school the amount of knowledge that needs to be learned increases dramatically, it becomes simply impossible to memorize everything.

Clearly about the "formula" approach to learning.

But this would not be necessary if the goal of learning was not the application of formulas, but the understanding of the subject. Understanding is ultimately much easier than cramming.

Form a picture of the world

Let's see, for example, how Yakov Perelman's books "Entertaining Physics", "Entertaining Mathematics", which many generations of schoolchildren and post-school children read. Almost every paragraph of Perlman's "Physics" teaches to ask questions that every child can ask himself, starting from elementary logic and everyday experience.

The tasks that we are offered to solve here are not quantitative, but qualitative: we need not to calculate some abstract indicator like efficiency, but to reflect on why a perpetual motion machine is impossible in reality, is it possible to shoot from a cannon to the moon; you need to conduct an experiment and evaluate what the effect of any physical interaction will be.

An example from "Entertaining Physics" 1932: the problem of Krylov's swan, crayfish and pike, solved according to the rules of mechanics. The resultant (OD) should carry the cart into the water.

In a word, it is not necessary to memorize the formulas here - the main thing is to understand what physical laws objects of the surrounding reality obey. The only problem is that knowledge of this kind is much more difficult to objectively verify than the presence in the head of a student of a precisely defined set of formulas and equations.

Therefore, physics for an ordinary student turns into a dull cramming, and at best - some kind of abstract game of the mind. Forming a complete picture of the world in a person is not at all the task that the modern education system performs de facto. In this regard, by the way, it is not too different from the Soviet one, which many tend to overestimate (because we used to develop atomic bombs and fly into space, but now we only know how to sell oil).

According to the knowledge of physics, students after graduation now, as then, are divided into approximately two categories: those who know it very well, and those who do not know it at all. With the second category, the situation worsened especially when the time for teaching physics in grades 7-11 was reduced from 5 to 2 hours a week.

Most schoolchildren really do not need physical formulas and theories (which they understand very well), and most importantly, they are not interested in the abstract and dry form in which they are presented now. As a result, mass education does not perform any function - it only takes time and effort. Schoolchildren have no less than teachers.

Attention: the wrong approach to teaching science can be devastating

If the task of the school curriculum was to form a picture of the world, the situation would be completely different.

Of course, there should also be specialized classes where they teach how to solve complex problems and deeply acquaint themselves with the theory, which no longer intersects with everyday experience. But it would be more interesting and useful for an ordinary, “mass” schoolchild to know what laws the physical world in which he lives in works.

The matter, of course, does not boil down to the fact that schoolchildren read Perelman instead of textbooks. We need to change our approach to teaching. Many sections (for example, quantum mechanics) could be removed from the school curriculum, others could be reduced or revised, if not for the ubiquitous organizational difficulties, the fundamental conservatism of the subject and the educational system as a whole.

But let us dream a little. After these changes, perhaps, the overall social adequacy would also increase: people would be less likely to trust all sorts of torsion swindlers who speculate on the "protection of the biofield" and "normalization of the aura" with the help of simple devices and pieces of unknown minerals.

We already observed all these consequences of a vicious education system in the 90s, when the most successful swindlers even used considerable sums from the state budget - we are observing now, although on a smaller scale.

The famous Grigory Grabovoi not only assured that he could resurrect people, but also removed asteroids from the Earth with the power of thought and “psychically diagnosed” government aircraft. He was patronized not by anyone, but by General Georgy Rogozin, deputy head of the Security Service under the President of the Russian Federation.