"Not" with nouns: rule and examples. Spelling not with nouns Nouns with a particle are not separate
Russian language lesson in the 6th grade on the topic: "Full and separate spelling not with nouns" (according to the technology of complete assimilation of knowledge)
Lesson #1
(assimilation of new material).
I organizational moment.
Good afternoon guys! And if I replace the word "guys" with the word "buddies"? Good afternoon, friends! Probably, I have the right to address you today in this way, because in the "Explanatory Dictionary" by S. I. Ozhegov the word "friend" is deciphered as follows:
"A friend is a close acquaintance with whom they are on friendly terms."
Let's attach the prefixnot to this noun and create a new word with a new opposite lexical meaning:
Enemy - adversary, enemy, hostile person.
What do you think, with what topic in the section "Noun" we will get acquainted today? (Students' answers follow, recording the topic of the lesson in notebooks "Not with nouns").
II Setting the objectives of the lesson:
mastering the rules of continuous and separate spellingnot with nouns;
strengthening spelling skillsnot with nouns (the standards for "4" and "5" are oriented towards the result, in which the goals are spelled out in detail).
Standard on "4".
I Know :
not with nouns.
II Be able to:
write nouns correctlynot are not used;
correctly write nouns that can be replaced by synonyms withoutnot or close in meaning expressions;
correctly write nouns in sentences with opposition expressed using the union a;
graphically designate spelling No. 32.
III Apply knowledge:
rule of merged and separate writingnot with nouns in the text;
find and correct spelling errorsnot with nouns.
Standard on "5".
Planned achievements for "4" +
IV Be able to:
to write correctlynot with nouns in special cases, when such words withnot not in the language, since there are no such objects;
come up with examples, compose a text using spelling No. 32 (standards are on each table in the document file for the lesson).
So, what do you need to know and be able to get "4"? (Pupils read the criteria aloud).
And how does this standard differ from the standard by "5"? (Pupils compare and read the answer).
III Spelling task (problem situation).
Who (b) (nor) were you o my reader friend (not) friend I want to part now as a friend.
(A. S. Pushkin).
Solve the spelling problem written on the board:
How to write words? Are punctuation marks necessary? Why?
(It turns out that we don’t know everything yet, we can’t explain everything).
IV Work with the textbook. Acquaintance with theoretical material.
We have a hint - the theoretical material of paragraph 38 of the textbook on pages 82 - 83.
Please read the rule, understand it, try to tell each other (in pairs): whennot with nouns it is written together, when - separately.
(After working in pairs - a poll from the floor of 3 people for each case, illustrated with examples written on the board:
slob -not - this is a simple negation, which means that the word ryakha must also exist; it really lives in the dialects of the Russian language and means "a woman is a neat woman."
Foe (enemy).
Not a friend (but an enemy).
And imagine such a conversation between two friends from 6 "a" class after the holidays that you are looking forward to:
Have you been to the zoo?
Was.
Have you seen monkeys?
Saw.
Have you seen a crocodile?
Saw.
Have you seen an elephant?
Saw.
Have you seen Neslon?
Not understood!
It turns out that there is no such word, since there is no such animal; there are no words "non-school", "non-response", because such words do not designate really existing things, objects, qualities, actions.
Let me introduce you to E. Shim's miniature "Passer-by and frogs".
Choo, the bells on the road are ringing!
These are not bells!
Choo, the fontanels in the ravine gurgle!
These are not springs!
Chu, distant thunder rumbles beyond the forest!
It's not thunder!
What is it?
It's us frogs rumbling in the ditch!
(How to writenot with the words bells, fontanelles, thunder?)
V Fixing. Training exercises.
We have achieved the first results according to the standard. What else should we be able to do, if we turn to the topic of the lesson and our standard?
(Children read out the criteria).
Exercise number 1.
Exercise:
Write down the nouns thatnot are not used.
(What does "the word is not used withoutnot "? Withoutnot it loses its independent lexical meaning. For example, take the word "slave". If you take awaynot , then it will turn out "volnik", there is no such word in the Russian literary language, so we say that the word "slave" withoutnot not used).
(Not) resentment, (not) visibility, (not) attentiveness, (not) vezha. (not) knowledge, (not) literacy, (not) trust, (not) forgetfulness, (not) scoundrel.
(The last word has an unexpected history; that it is connected with the word "suitable" and the negationnot you can guess; unexpected is its old meaning: "a recruit who turned out to be unfit for military service").
I want to introduce you to the tale of B. Zakhoder about the words in which thenot .
I once visited the country
Where did the particle disappearnot
.
I looked around in bewilderment.
What a ridiculous position!
But all around was quiet,
And everything was a mess
And on the vzrachnoy flowerbed by the booth
Blue forget-me-nots bloomed.
And the weather was fine
And the dog walked happily.
And, wagging his tail clumsily,
She ran through puddles.
Meet me without any fear
There was a washed, combed ryakha.
And behind the ryakh on fresh grass
There was a stern dotyopa and a vezha.
And meet everyone early in the morning
The Princess Smeyana smiled.
It's a pity that only in a dream
There is a country without a particlenot
.
(It turns out that there are adjectives, and adverbs, and verbs, which withoutnot are not used, so they are written together).
Exercise number 2.
Exercise:
Find synonyms for these wordsnot , for example, an enemy is an enemy.
Lie -
Trouble -
Opponent -
Stupidity -
Slavery -
Absent-mindedness -
Outrage -
Slush -
Doubt -
Disease -
Suspicion -
(Name from the recorded words those that are withoutnot are not used).
(Students read out the following skill criterion.)
Exercise number 3.
The word "opposition" is complex, it means a process or the result of a process in which something one is opposed to something else. For example, "not a friend, but an enemy." An external sign of opposition is the presence of the union a. Contradiction is possible when one interlocutor offers something, the other denies and points to something else, for example,
Are you carrying mushrooms?
Bring the rain! I don’t bring mushrooms home - only raindrops on my nose.
Exercise:
Finish the sentence so that there is a contrast; how do you spellnot with these nouns?
(Not) the weather prevented the harvest, but ...
(In)happiness helped the researcher, but ...
(Not) a friend turned to me with a request, but ...
(Not) you are my friend, but ...
(Not) will expected him, but ...
Exercise number 4.
Exercise:
Which sentences are misspellednot with nouns? Correct mistakes, like a teacher, only with a green rod.
Everyone waited impatiently for the decisive moment.
What happened seemed to me not a real happiness.
He treats me with hidden dislike.
In any expectation, the most terrible thing is not fame.
It is difficult to overcome the lack of dexterity when you find yourself among unfamiliar people.
VI Current test: primary test of mastering the material
on the topic "Not" with nouns.
I Find the wrong statement.
Not with nouns it is written together:
if a noun withnot can be replaced by a synonym withoutnot ;
if the sentence has an opposition with the union a;
if a noun withnot can be replaced by an expression that is close in meaning withoutnot .
II Choose the words that are not used without "not":
(indignation;
(not) attentiveness;
(not) vezha;
(illiteracy;
(slave;
(not) forgetfulness.
III Indicate to which of the words you can find a synonym without "not":
(mistrust;
(slut;
(not true;
(not) visible;
(in) politeness;
(un)luck.
IV Choose examples of separate spelling "not" with nouns:
a) (In)literacy is a sign of an uncultured person.
b) (Not) literacy helped you today, but perseverance.
a) (Not) you are my friend, but just a fellow traveler.
b) (Not) a friend will not sympathize.
a) I experienced (not) happiness, but a momentary weakness.
b) (Un)happiness has confused all our plans.
V Choose from the text examples of incorrect spelling "not" with nouns, indicating their numbers.
No plant makes such an impression as the baobab, although its (1) not flattery and (2) clumsiness are conspicuous. This tree is a symbol of tropical Africa and the source of (3) fables and fairy tales. Baobab is not tall, but stories about its thickness cause (4) distrust. In Tanzania, the baobab grows, the circumference of which is more than 40 meters. Covered (5) with irregularities, the bark is colored pinkish-gray and resembles the skin of an elephant. There is a recess at the top, (6) not a bath, but a whole pool filled with water during the rainy season. In October, beautiful white flowers appear on the trees along with the leaves.
VI Determine the way words are written by indicating the number of the answer:
scribbled -
separate writing fromnot -
This grief is all (not) grief,
You (not) the swan, after all, delivered,
Left the girl alive
You (not) killed a kite,
Shot the sorcerer.
Sweet, but (not) sugar, with a tail, but (not) a mouse.
Rich poor (not) brother.
(Not) (in) marvelous in November white flies.
lost child,
If he is (not) a fool,
(Not) miss the right chance
Visit distant countries.
VII Make up a riddle using nouns with a pattern not written below:
White, but not snow,
Fine, but not sand,
Sweet, but not a cake.
(Sugar).
Round, not a month
Yellow, not the sun.
(Moon).
VII Creative task for those who completed the test:
Write 3 sentences using all spellingsnot with nouns on the topic "School".
VIII Homework:
learn the rule of paragraph 38, give your examples when answering;
do exercise 220: first write out sentences in which there are continuous spellings withnot , then separate.
Lesson #2
(correction of errors based on the results of the current test).
I Introductory speech of the teacher.
Reminder of the main criteria of the standard on "5"; announcement of the names of students who passed the test in the previous lesson without a single mistake; giving them fives in a magazine and distributing students into a group to perform creative exercises.
(On the table for the students of this group are phraseological, spelling, explanatory dictionaries, collections of proverbs and sayings; creative tasks are attached to the lesson plan).
The rest of the guys made mistakes, which ones they will now see for themselves, having become acquainted with the test results.
Distribution of students into groups to work on error correction: if a mistake is made in the first task, then perform exercise number 1; if the second task is not completed correctly, then exercise number 2, etc.
As soon as the work is done, you can go to the teacher's table to independently verify the correctness of the exercises on the key.
Good luck! Hope everyone gets only "5" today!
II Differentiated work in groups.
In the course of the work, the teacher gives advice to individual students who in the current test did not cope with the standard either by "5" or "4".
Acquaintance with the hint - the algorithm for applying the spelling rulenot with nouns.
Rule application algorithm
"Not" with nouns.
Determine if the noun is used without not:
A) if not used, then write together;
B) if used, then
check if there is an opposition with the union a or not:
If yes, write separately.
- if not, then
Replace the noun with a synonym or a word that is close in meaning:
If you can replace, write together,
- if not, write separately.
Exercise number 1.
Find the wrong statement.
Not
if the word withoutnot used;
Exercise number 2.
a) bad weather
b) nonsense
c) bad luck
d) negligence;
a) distrust
b) ignorant
c) ignoramus
d) ignorant;
a) invisible
b) weightlessness
c) an enemy
d) forget-me-not.
Exercise number 3.
grief -
disease -
False -
enemy -
rudeness -
mess -
Exercise number 4.
I would like to remind the (ignorant) people, not out of anger, of the very old opinions that if the head is empty, then the head of the mind will not be given room.
(Not) the boiler cooks and the cook.
(Not) they fight with strength, but with skill.
A frozen forest rustles among the azure, sweeps the blue of the sky with its branches, and it seems that a (not) storm wakes up the forest, and a lush forest, swaying, wakes up a storm.
Exercise number 5.
Tears of indignation welled up in his eyes.
All his attention was focused on his friend.
And the people scoff at him: Serve you, the old nezha.
Exercise number 6.
(Not) an eagle, (not) a lion, (not) a lioness adorned our coat of arms.
Without difficulty (not) you can take a fish out of the pond.
Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
Exercise number 7.
Creative work:
Come up with a fairy tale-journey (essay-miniature) "not in the country of a noun."
II option
Exercise number 1.
Find the correct statement .
Not nouns are written separately:
if the word withoutnot used;
if the sentence contains a conjunction a;
if there is a contrast with the union a.
Exercise number 2.
Choose the odd word in each line:
a) illiteracy
b) slave
c) bad luck
d) impoliteness;
a) defect
b) non-alignment,
c) bad luck
d) independence;
a) bad weather
b) dishonesty
c) absurdity
d) indecisiveness.
Exercise number 3.
Choose synonyms for these words with the prefix "not", write them down:
The one who did not finish his studies is called
The one who does not sit still is called
The one who knows nothing is called
That feeling that causes strong irritation is called
The fictional message is called
An unfortunate set of circumstances is called
Exercise number 4.
Write out examples of separate writing "not" with nouns, put punctuation marks:
(In)compatibility of characters is what prevented them from working.
(Not) work dries but care.
(Not) the oven feeds and hands.
We are all like children
Laughing and crying often
Came out to us in the light
Joy and (un)luck.
Exercise number 5.
Write down the sentences, placing the missing punctuation marks, correcting mistakes in spelling "not" with nouns, explaining spelling No. 32 graphically:
What will you tell us the wind is not gray - a breeze?
Bewitched not by vision, the forest slumbers under the fairy tale of sleep.
Again, the weather is raging.
Exercise number 6.
Open parenthesis; What spellings with "not" are not known to you?
It was (not) a thunderstorm, but a swift, treacherous hurricane.
Father today is clearly (not) (in) the spirit.
The landscape is (not) an appendage to prose and (not) decoration.
Exercise number 7.
Creative work:
Come up with a fairy tale-journey (essay-miniature) "Not in the country of a noun."
III Homework:
(of a creative nature) find the indicated combinations of words in a phraseological dictionary or try to explain their meaning by yourself by making sentences with them: not at odds, not to your heart's content, not within your power, not to your liking, not in jest, not in moderation, not out of hand , not in the gut, not in the spirit.
Lesson #3
(control work on the topic "not with nouns").
Opponent -Extreme dissatisfaction -
Woe -
Lack of trust -
Freedom -
Reference:
There are…
The one who has not studied is called ...
A very touchy person who does not tolerate jokes is called ...
Reference:
(not) perplexity, (not) happiness, (not) faith, (not) dependence, (not) problems, (not) experience, (not) benefits, (not) determination, (not) a scoundrel.
without "not" are not used,
A) I was sitting at the window and impatiently waiting for the end of all preparations.
B) Shvabrin stood beside me and gazed intently at the enemy.
C) Ignorant is the one who allows himself to be rude.
D) Bewilderment ran across Vera Pavlovna's face.
E) Teaching decorates in happiness, and comforts in misfortune.
A) It was not anger, not fear, and not fierce annoyance.
b) It was not my friend, but just an acquaintance.
(I don’t) know with any medicine (can’t) cure.
Food satisfies hunger, knowledge heals (ignorance).
Not everything is (not) nastya, happiness will come.
He goes forward who is (not) afraid of (not) benefits.
In the solution __ of the problem, inaccuracy was allowed.
In all movements, indecision was visible, but timidity.
Misfortune, failure led the participants of the Olympiad to victory, but hard training.
Because of bad weather, climbers (not) could start climbing the mountain.
8. Write off by opening brackets.
(Not) death is terrible, but your (not) mercy is terrible.
(In)experience leads to trouble.
A smart person will understand from one word, (not) everyone and a thousand do not go for the future.
(Not) modesty sounded in Stepan's words, but pride.
(Not) knowledge is (not) a vice, (not) a desire to know is a great vice.
And the (not) will comes to freedom.
This is (not) annoyance, (not) anger, (not) fear, but simply (not) bewilderment.
(Un)happiness befell the travelers.
Do not be afraid (not) of pain, but be afraid of will.
The (un)familiar looked at us and turned away.
II option.
1. Choose words close in meaning to nouns that begin with the prefix "not":
Random error -
Absent-mindedness -
Submission -
Rudeness -
Lie -
Reference:
enemy, misfortune, independence, untruth, bondage, bad manners, indignation, misunderstanding, mistrust, misunderstanding.
2. Insert words with "not" in place of the gaps:
The one who does not sit still is called ...
The one who does not know anything and does not know how is called ...
Znayka runs along the path, and ... lies on the stove.
Reference:
Dunno, half-educated, shortcomings, touchy, shortcomings, ignoramus, fidget.
3. Distribute nouns with "not" into 2 columns, indicating how they are written:
(not) seen, (not) true, (not) nonsense, (not) expectation, (not) attentiveness, (not) envy, (not) arcs, (not) justice, (not) evenness.
4. Write out from the sentences cases of continuous spelling of nouns with "not", distributing them into 2 columns:
without "not" are not used,
can be replaced by a synonym without not.
A) Inexperience leads to trouble.
B) Under the breath of bad weather, swollen, the waters darkened and turned lead.
C) Again, the illness brought him down.
D) A cold rational attitude towards evil, injustice, dishonor can make you an indifferent, heartless person.
E) The invisible moon illuminates the flying snow.
5. Find cases of separate spelling of nouns with "not" that do not correspond to the main one - opposition with the union a:
A) Not modesty sounded in the words of the narrator, but impudent pride.
B) Good by decree is not good.
C) It was not happiness that helped the researchers, but hard, persistent work.
6. Insert the missing letters, mark the continuous spelling "not".
About (un)luck it's useless to regret.
Recognizing the dignity of a friend, (not) turn a blind eye to his (not) wealth.
A smart one will understand from one word, (not) everyone and a thousand (not) for future use.
7. Correct the misspellings of "not" with nouns.
There was no sincerity in his words.
The insincerity of the girl bribed, and her simplicity.
Not an acquaintance (not) heard the question.
Not a friend stormed the fortress.
8. Write by opening brackets .
(Not) happiness helps in exams, but good knowledge of the subject.
He became convinced of the (un)benefits of a wandering life and returned home.
For us, everything was clear, (un)famous was no longer.
They fight (not) with strength, but with skill.
Smart people value (not) idleness, but work.
Our guest refused dinner, complaining about (un)health.
It was (not) luck that helped you, but good knowledge of the area.
(Un)luck contributes to success, but hard work and perseverance.
(Not) attention in the lesson is the cause of many troubles.
(Not) the will drinks honey, and the will - water.
Target:
- Ensure the assimilation of new material; to form spelling skills “not” with nouns.
- To form in students the ability to compare and generalize, highlight the main thing and create an algorithm for working with spelling.
- To promote the development of interest and love for the native language.
During the classes
I. Org. moment:
It is necessary that learning be joyful, reverent and victorious. B. Zhitkov.
Teacher:
When will the doctrine be “joyful and victorious”?
When you can overcome yourself, discover something new on your own and, probably, help a friend.
You are right, I hope you will experience the joy of teaching today.
Look carefully at the entry, write off by inserting the missing letters:
Journey, backpack, halt, bonfire, bowler hat, ascent, protect, talk, route, dream, dawn, camera.
Explain the spelling of the words.
What is the theme that unites the words? What is the key word? Correctly. And this is no coincidence. I invite you on a journey to new heights of spelling. So, forward to the Spelling Olympus.
Each row receives a flag of a certain color, with the help of which achievements at all stages of the lesson will be recorded.
II Explanation of the new material:
1. Knowledge update:
The first step of our ascent will be a visual dictation.
“There is nothing a who in our life and, what not n to eat ru ss kim word: sound cha music, the brilliance of colors, obscurity sleep”
- Write down, orally explain the selected spellings.
- Explain the punctuation marks with a diagram.
- Is “not” always written separately with verbs.
- Remember the words that are not used without “not”. Write them down, explaining verbally the lexical meaning:
To rage - to show rage
Resent - resent
Hate
unwell
Can't
bewilderment - to doubt, to wonder
to force - to force
What spelling could not be explained? Why?
Formulate the topic of our lesson and the purpose of our spelling journey.
Recording the topic of the lesson.
2. Explanation of the new material:
Review the diagram.
Conclude how to spell "NOT" with nouns?
When is it written together, when separately?
Let's check our observations by reading § 38. Complete our conclusions. Working in groups, make up the algorithm “Spelling “NOT” with nouns”.
Presentation of algorithms.
3.Consolidation of what has been learned.
Replace with a synonym or phrase that is close in meaning . Grief is misfortune.
Make up and write down sentences in which these nouns with “NOT” should be written separately:
- Not happiness, but grief brought people together.
- Not the truth, but a lie causes irreparable harm to friendship.
- Not a friend, but an enemy will not tell the truth.
- Not trust, but doubt crept into my heart.
Mutual verification.
Summing up at this stage of the lesson.
Thorny is our path to knowledge. Tired, it means it's time to halt. Listen to the story:
I once visited the country
Where did the “NOT” particle disappear?
I looked around in bewilderment:
What a stupid position.
But all around was quiet,
And everything was a mess.
And on the vzrachnoy flowerbed by the booth
Blue forget-me-nots bloomed.
And the weather was fine
And the dog walked happily.
And, wagging his tail clumsily,
She ran through puddles.
Meet me without any fear
There was a washed, combed ryakha.
And behind the ryakh on fresh grass
There was an awkward dotepa and vezha.
And meet everyone early in the morning
Smiling Princess Smeyana ...
It's a pity that only in a dream
There is a country without a “NOT” particle.
Funny fairy tale? Why did she turn out like this?
Name the words from which the particle “NOT” escaped.
Write down the nouns that are not used without “NOT”.
Bewilderment, absurdity, confusion, forget-me-nots, bad weather, slob, klutz, ignoramus, Nesmeyana
By lexical meaning, determine the word and write it down, explaining the spelling:
- Fiction - fiction
- Feeling of the strongest enmity - hatred
- Anger - resentment
- Painful condition - malaise
- Rage - frenzy
Help clear up the confusion.
Sitting on a park bench, I overheard a fabulous conversation. The heroes of Marshak's poem "The Cat and the Loafers" came to life. Loafers say indignantly: “The cat has become insolent. He scolds us for missing lessons, but he himself cannot read the number on the house, he does not know a single letter. Complete ignoramus." Where did the heroes go wrong? Compose a dictionary entry: Ignorance is…
Write by opening brackets.
On (not) happiness to yourself; a shadow of (not) bewilderment; (not) the weather delayed, but things; waited (im)patiently; (not) years, but the disease has grown old; tell a lie; jealous (not) friend; heavy (not) will.
HALT: Summing up at this stage based on the results of completed tasks. Fizminutka - relay race:
- Determine the morphological features of words.
- To make a sentence.
- Perform parsing.
1 row - in the grove
2 row - no time
3 row - Anastasia
Where this spelling is most often found, you will find out by solving a few grammatical problems. Make up this word from the initial letters.
- The science that studies the punctuation marks.
- Words that sound the same but have different lexical meanings.
- Words that are close in lexical meaning.
- A branch of the science of language that studies the vocabulary of a language.
- A vowel that is written in compound words after hard consonants.
- Sentences that are pronounced with a special feeling.
- The vowel after ts in the word circus.
- Complete the phrase: “Spelling and –s after…”
- The vowel after ts in the word chicken.
What word came out? ( proverbs).
What is a proverb?
Give examples of proverbs. What role do they play in our language?
Did they meet the words with the studied spelling? Orally explain their spelling.
Independent work: exercise 219:
1 row - 1-2 sentence;
2 row - 3.4 offer,
3 row - 4.5 offer.
Check with signal cards.
Group work: (task on cards)
1. Continue the proverb, write it down, indicate the spelling being studied:
- Learning is light and ignorance is darkness)
- This in (not) nastya, but (put it in a bucket)
- Hunting forest (captivity)
- (NOT) work dries, but (care).
- Life to live - (NOT the field to go)
2. Find the fourth extra: not the truth, but a lie; not a friend, but an enemy; not a house, but a hut; not happiness, but sorrow. Justify your choice.
III. Consolidation of the theory and preparation for solving tests: in pairs, oral work with the algorithm.
IV. Control over the assimilation of the material: test solution:
A1 The noun is written with NOT separately:
- (NOT) the visible moon illuminates the flying snow.
- Before me was (not) an enemy, but a friend.
- (Not) fame was gone.
- We stopped in (not) bewilderment.
- Over the years, he developed (in)decisiveness.
A2 is NOT spelled together:
- This is (not) the truth, but an outright lie.
- (Not) I will not tolerate the truth.
- This should be considered (not) luck, but an accident.
- Princess (Not) Smeyana is the heroine of many fairy tales.
- (Im)patience, and irritability interfered with the conversation.
A3 The noun is written with NOT separately:
- Surprised by (in)dependence and harshness.
- There was (not) determination, and some kind of shyness.
- With (not) ryakhoy few people communicate.
- (Not) happiness, but grief befell us.
- Man is the creator of happiness and (un)happiness.
A4 The word with NOT is spelled together
- The letter was (not) sent on time.
- Not all (not) nastya, the red sun will also peep through.
- He who sows early, he (not) loses seeds.
The spelling of this particle with nouns can be both continuous and separate. Consider the rules for spelling "not" with nouns.
Consolidated spelling
Spelling "not" with nouns that are not used without this negative particle.
Such nouns with the particle "not" are written together.
Examples: fiction, unseen, confusion, ignoramus, fool, adversity, disbelief, undergrowth, forget-me-not, scoundrel, shortfall, malfunctions.
An educated person will immediately understand, but you will get tired of explaining to an ignoramus. This example is a vivid illustration of this rule: the noun vezhda does not exist, therefore the word ignoramus always has a continuous spelling.
Nouns should be written together with "not" and in cases where they form new words with the opposite meaning. Synonyms can be found for these words, for example:
- enemy;
- enemy (adversary, enemy);
- untruth (lie);
- ill health (disease);
- misfortune (grief);
- disorder (disorder);
- impoliteness (rudeness);
- mistrust (suspicion);
- disapproval (reproach).
All of the above nouns are written with "not" together, because each of them can be replaced by synonyms, and new words are formed without the negative particle "not".
You can't live wrong. The formation of a new concept: the noun "untrue" can replace a synonym that does not have a negative particle "not" - a lie. Therefore, here is a confluent spelling.
In some cases, phrases are synonyms for such words. For example: haters(people with different tastes).
A noun with “not” should be written together when designating persons, when conveying a qualitative connotation.
Similar nouns in tandem with the prefix non- get the meaning of opposition: politicians - non-politicians; biologists are non-biologists; delirants - delirants and etc.
But! For nouns with a different meaning (denoting non-persons), the opposition is conveyed by separate writing of the particle “not” with the noun: notebook and not notebook, prose and not prose.
The spelling will also be fused, if the word begins with the prefix under- (in the meaning of a lack), the spelling will be fused: oversight (if there is a word inspection); imperfection (finishing); defect (improvement).
When using a noun with the particle "not" + dependent adjective or when using a possessive pronoun before "not".
Sometimes an obsessed layman does a better job than a frustrated expert.
I am saddened by your dislike.
Separate spelling
"Not" with nouns is written separately in cases where the sentence contains opposition or it is supposed: it was not the teachers who helped him, but he himself achieved high marks.
If the particle "not" is a negation, it has a separate spelling with nouns. Even without the presence of the union "a", it is clear that there is a negation in the sentence: his heart is not a stone(but soft, kind); not tanks drove through this field(and the troops passed).
The negative particle is written with two-word nouns when the negation is logically emphasized, for example, in questions.
High temperatures are not promised this summer, are they?
Isn't that genius?
But! If the negation is not logically distinguished, “not” + the noun is written together:
Isn't it true?(Is this a lie?).
This man wasn't stupid at all, was he?(= reasonable).
If the particle "not" is written with nouns separately in phrases:
- far from;
- by no means;
- not at all (= not at all);
- not yet;
- not at all;
- no more.
Example: He is by no means stupid. This expected outcome is not a coincidence at all.
Not spelled with nouns together:
a) if the noun is not used without not: slob, adversity, ignoramus, weightlessness, unbelief;
b) if not serves to form a new noun, which can be replaced by a similar one in meaning
word or expression: not true(False), indiscipline(violation of discipline). In this case not is an attachment.
Not is a negative particle and is written separately with nouns if there is or is implied opposition: This is not true, but a lie.- It is not true(and what?).
As negative, including in its composition not, particles are used far from, far from, not at all(meaning "by no means"): This is far (far from) true.
Spelling complex names
Nouns
General rules for writing compound words:
1. In compound words as connectives
vowel letters are used about and e. After the basics
hard consonant (except w, w and c) the letter o is written.
For example:
outlook
freedom-loving
After the stems on a soft consonant, on th, to a hissing sound and c a letter is written e.
For example:
navigator
local history
a pedestrian
poultry farming
blue-eyed
large-winged
In a few compound words, the first consonant
the base hardens, so the connective is written
vowel about.
For example:
fabulist
circulation
In some cases, the ending of the nominative case is preserved in the first word of a compound noun.
For example:
pastime
pastime
time reckoning
2. Cardinal numbers in education
compound words are used in the genitive form
case.
For example:
five-year plan(five years)
eleven meter(eleven meters)
forty-minute(forty minutes)
Numerals one hundred and ninety, being part of a compound word, they do not change their form.
For example:
century
ninetieth birthday
with a letter about the word is written centipede. numeral one thousand, being part of compound words, it has a connecting vowel e.
For example:
millennium
3. Compound words that are formed with connecting vowels oh e or the first part of which is a numeral, are written together.
For example:
oil and gas production
fiftieth anniversary
bakery
2mm
Note: Words on -ification (electrification, gasification, classification etc.) are not complex. They are formed with the suffix - fification, so it's spelled with a letter and.
Compare: compound words with a connecting vowel About: electric locomotive, gas turbine.
4. Compound words can be formed together
rooting floor-(half) and a noun in the genitive case.
For example:
half a day
half a watermelon
After root floor- a hyphen (dash) is placed before vowels, all uppercase letters, and also before a consonant l.
For example:
half a lake
half of Kyiv
half a lemon
The rest of the consonants are not preceded by a hyphen.
Same way: half past one, but: half past eleven, half a liter. But: half of the globe.
Words that start with semi-, always spelled out.
For example:
low shoes
semi-automatic
half a century
semi-open
Spelling of compound nouns:
I. Continuous spelling of compound nouns.
They are written together;
1) compound nouns with the second part on city, city.
For example:
Leningrad
Belgorod
2) compound nouns with a verbal first part on and.
For example:
Adonis
hold the tree
dzhimorda
spiny neck
flirtatious
hoarder
daredevil(but: tumbleweed)
3) compound nouns with the first part consisting of foreign language elements air(part of a word aviation, therefore it is written a), auto-, agro-, aero-, bio-, bicycle-, hydro-, zoo-, cinema-, meteo-, micro-, neo-, moto-, tele-, photo- etc.
For example:
air communication, tank truck, agrominimum(but: agriculture), snowmobiles, biomechanics, seaport, pet shop, film studio, weather report, microbiology, neo-colonialism, television aerial, photographic laboratory, radio and TV studio(continuous spelling does not depend on the number of such elements in a word)
Note: If in compound nouns with the same last word, the first two parts are connected by the union and, then a hyphen is placed after the first element.
For example:
radio and TV studio
ball and roller bearings (ball bearings, roller bearings)
auto, motorcycle and bicycle races
4) compound abbreviated nouns of different
type.
For example:
technical college
local committee
party meeting
deputy dean
department head
(Dots are not put inside complex abbreviated words).
II. Writing compound nouns with a hyphen.
Write with a hyphen:
1) compound nouns denoting political parties, their members (or supporters): social democracy, social democrat etc.;
2) compound nouns denoting units of measurement: man-day, gram-molecule, kilowatt-hour etc. (but: workday); compound nouns denoting intermediate cardinal points: northeast, southwest, southwest;
3) nouns that have foreign language elements in the first part vice-, life-, chief-, non-commissioned, headquarters, ex-, for example: vice president, chief master, life guard, non-commissioned officer, headquarters, ex-champion. A noun is written with a hyphen rear admiral(here element counter- does not matter "against");
4) compound nouns formed from whole, separately used nouns: prime minister, diesel engine, raincoat, miraculous heroes, unfortunate hunters, corresponding member. Also compound surnames: Saltykov-Shchedrin, Shchepkina-Kupernik.
The particle "not" plays an important role in the Russian language. The meaning of the whole phrase depends on how it is written with words. This service particle expresses not only the denial of “do not run, do not touch”, but also the assertion: “today, not mom took Masha, but dad.” Often this particle gives the phrase the fullness of the action: “I can’t stop looking at you.” In colloquial speech, she is able to give the phrase a shade of indifference: "There would be no happiness, but misfortune helped." This negative particle is also capable of giving an affirmative intonation: "the bad weather cleared up."
In contact with
Rules for writing the particle "not" with nouns
One of the rules of the Russian language that causes difficulties is the spelling "not" with nouns. A literate person is able to distinguish the spelling of this particle and use it correctly in written speech.
The spelling of "not" depends on whether it is a prefix (written together) or a negative particle - a separate word (written separately). Examples:
Difficulties in writing appear when the prefix and the particle are different. The rules of the Russian language are designed to distinguish a prefix from a particle and establish the correct spelling NOT with nouns. The meaning of what is written depends on this.
In most cases, the particle "not" with nouns is written separately. But there are options when "not" is written together. In order not to make a mistake in the application of NOT, you need to familiarize yourself with the rule of the Russian language.
The table shows NOT with noun examples.
Let's take a closer look at each of these spellings. NOT with nouns rule.
"Not" spelled together
- If not used without NOT (examples: fiction, ignoramus, bad weather, slob, slave, lack, trouble, absurdity, dunno, unseen, scoundrel, ailment, invisible, forget-me-not, fidget, silly, loser, tumbler, malfunction).
- If a word with a NOT particle is replaced by a synonym without NOT without losing the meaning. Examples: misfortune - grief; the enemy is the enemy.
- If there is a combination of under-prefixes: underdevelopment, oversight, defect, underpayment, underweight, underdevelopment.
- Nouns that denote a person or a qualitative connotation, in conjunction with NOT- form words with the meaning of opposition. Examples of such word formations: non-specialist, non-poet, non-Muslims, non-doctors. When a non-professional gets down to business, it's time to shout "guard". The non-doctor will not understand the history of the disease. A non-mathematician will not solve this problem.
If the particle NOT and the noun form a new word with the opposite meaning. Examples: lack (flaw; wealth means prosperity), misfortune - trouble, not lack of happiness; the unreliability of a person is not (he cannot be hoped for). Due to lack of knowledge of the language, he did not read the instructions.
If a noun with NOT is used with a dependent adjective or possessive pronoun before NOT-. I am saddened by your failure.
- If a noun with NOT is preceded by a definition or a preposition. Fired for absenteeism. Everyone knows about his bad manners. It's all my bad luck.
- The noun is a term. Example: non-metal. Among the chemical elements there are non-metals.
"Not" with nouns is written separately
If there is or is implied opposition by union A. Example: Not true, but false. He is not my friend (meaning the enemy). Cows and non-cows graze in the meadow. (meaning that cows and other animals graze). He is ready to write everything: poetry and not poetry, plays and not plays. Not a holiday, but a day off.
All these conditions are easy to remember and use correctly in writing.