What not to do during ovulation Signs of ovulation and conception. Stimulation of ovulation with photo. Characteristic signs of ovulation - discharge

ovulation(from the Latin ovulla - “testicle”) is the exit of a mature female cell (ovum) from the ovarian follicle into the abdominal cavity. Ovulation is necessary so that a woman of childbearing age can find the happiness of motherhood, or, simply, give birth to a child.

Without the release of the egg from the ovary, fertilization by its sperm is impossible, therefore, conception is also impossible. Surely, many women and girls will be interested to know what happens during ovulation, how often this process occurs and what to do if ovulation does not occur?

Every healthy woman has her own regular menstrual cycle. A menstrual cycle is the number of days from the first day of menstrual bleeding to the first day of the next period.

Often, menstruation begins at the age of 13-15 and ends by the age of 45-55. In order to find out what day ovulation occurs, you need to know exactly the length of your menstrual cycle.

The normal length of the menstrual cycle is from 28 to 35 calendar days (different women have different cycle lengths), however, for a number of reasons, most often due to some kind of malfunction in the body, the cycle can be shortened or increased by several days.

Ovulation occurs once around the middle of the cycle. For example, if the cycle has a length of 28 days, then the release of the egg can be expected around the 13-14th day. However, in some cases, two ovulations can occur at once in one menstrual cycle.

How does ovulation occur?

Let us consider in detail how the process of ovulation occurs in the female body. So, ovulation is controlled by the hypothalamus through regular secretions of hormones that are produced by the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones include follicle-stimulating hormone (or, simply put, FSH) and luteinizing hormone (aka LH).

Each female ovary contains follicles - small vesicles, the number of which in women is determined by nature. Each month, one follicle begins its maturation in one of the two ovaries. The diameter of a fully matured "bubble" is 22-24 mm. Such a follicle is called dominant - it is from it that the egg will come out on a certain day of the cycle.

First phase of the menstrual cycle, called the preovulatory phase (that is, in the first half of the cycle, before ovulation) is characterized by the presence of a dominant follicle, which undergoes many changes under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone. At a time when the dominant follicle has reached a special size, under the influence of estrogens secreted by it, there is a "jump" of luteinizing hormone.

The “jump” is very noticeable if a woman keeps a schedule of measurements of basal (rectal) temperature (temperature measured every morning in the rectum).

LH, as it were, gives the command to the egg to "maturation", called the first division of meiosis. As soon as the egg is ready to leave the follicle, its shell breaks, and the cell, captured by pili (special hairs), enters the fallopian tube.

Between the "jump" LH and the rupture of the follicle occurs approximately 36-48 hours. Therefore, answering the question: “How many days does ovulation last?” or “How many days does ovulation occur?”, you can safely answer that, in total, about two days.

What is the behavior of the egg after its release from the ovary?

So the long-awaited moment has come when the female cell has matured and is waiting for its "narrowed-mummer", which is the male cell - the spermatozoon. So what happens after ovulation and how does the egg meet the sperm?

After leaving the ovary, the female cell goes straight into the fallopian (fallopian) tube. It is here that she will wait for the male cage over the next 24 hours, or one day. Picked up by fimbria, which are lined with the fallopian tube, the egg slowly, millimeter by millimeter, moves towards the uterus.

If during these 24 hours a healthy sperm enters the fallopian tube, it will immediately rush to the egg and try to penetrate it. A successfully completed penetration process will begin with rapid cell division - this is how conception occurs.

If the egg does not wait for the male cell, after a day it dies, and then, together with the layer of the endometrium (cells lining the uterus), it is rejected and exits through the genital tract, accompanied by bleeding. This is menstrual bleeding.

The frequency of ovulation

Not all women know how often and whether every month ovulation occurs. In gynecological practice, there is such a thing as an anovulatory cycle. This is a cycle when the ovaries "rest" and the follicle does not mature in them. Accordingly, the release of the egg also does not occur. In a healthy, normal woman, ovulation occurs every month, with the exception of 2-3 months, when anovulatory cycles occur.

And again, it should be noted that when maintaining a schedule for measuring basal temperature, an anovulatory cycle will be immediately noticeable - in such a schedule there is no “jump” in LH, the lines are a solid “fence”, without a low drop and a high rise in temperature.

Late or early ovulation

As mentioned above, ovulation in a healthy woman with an established menstrual cycle occurs approximately in the middle of the cycle. However, gynecologists sometimes operate with such epithets as "late" or "early" ovulation.

That is, the process of the release of the egg from their ovary occurs earlier or later than the due date. That is, if, for example, with a 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs on the 13-14th day, then with early ovulation, it will occur on days 8-10, and with late ovulation, on the 18th and subsequent days.

The reasons for early or late ovulation are, according to experts, severe stress, malnutrition, the rhythm of life, various diseases, taking any hormone-containing drugs, a change of scenery (for example, a long flight), and so on.

Also, the cause of early ovulation may be a malfunction of the hypothalamus. If, for any reason, he begins to produce excess gonadotropin, then the pituitary gland will regard this as a sign to the production of hormones that provoke the early onset of the ovulatory period.

Methods for determining ovulation

How to find out when ovulation occurs and what a woman can feel during this period? There are many ways to determine the ovulatory period. One of them is the aforementioned method - the measurement of rectal temperature.

This method is carried out in home environment and is the cheapest method. To determine the period of ovulation at home, you will need a piece of paper (preferably in a box), a pen, a thermometer (electronic or mercury) and sleep for at least 6 hours.

Every morning, at the same time, without getting out of bed and without making rough, abrupt movements, it is necessary to insert a thermometer into the rectum for 5-7 minutes. Do not try to insert the thermometer as deep as possible - 2-3 cm of depth is enough.

Each measurement must be displayed on a piece of paper lined with columns: a temperature column (vertical) and a column of month numbers (horizontal). A dot is placed at the intersection of the day of the month and a certain temperature mark. The next day, a new measurement is recorded, put new point and is connected to the previous point by a dash. And so on until the end of the cycle.

By the end of the month, a graph is obtained, which shows when the temperature dropped, when it rose. A few days before ovulation, the temperature drops, then there is a “jump” in LH, and after that the temperature picks up and lasts almost until the onset of the next menstruation. 2-3 days before the start of a new cycle, the temperature also decreases.

How do you know if ovulation is happening if you don’t want to wake up every morning at the same time without getting out of bed and without making sudden movements? You can use an ultrasound preparation. A few days before the expected ovulation, it is necessary to conduct a gynecological ultrasound.

On the monitor, the doctor will be able to see in which ovary the dominant follicle is maturing, what size it has already reached, after how many days ovulation will occur and whether it will occur at all (that is, whether this cycle is anovulatory), etc. The examination should be repeated every 2-3 days until the period of release of the egg from the ovary, as well as a day after this period. The process of ultrasonic measurements is called folliculometry.

Feeling the cervix can help track ovulation. Before ovulation, the cervix has a loose, soft texture, and there is also a large amount of cervical mucus that resembles egg white. Mucus helps the spermatozoa that have entered the vagina feel more comfortable in it and move faster towards the intended goal. Before menstruation, on the contrary, the neck hardens and rises high. The entrance to it is tightly closed so that no foreign bodies could penetrate there. Its only drawback is the high cost of tests.

So, to determine ovulation through special test strips, you will need a bowl of urine into which you need to lower the test strip for a certain time. On each strip, the arrows indicate the maximum limit of immersion in urine. Urine for the test is not used in the morning, but collected approximately between 10:00 and 20:00 hours.

After a few minutes (the time is indicated on each package), the strip should be removed and placed on a horizontal surface. The result is also determined after a few minutes.

If a weak, barely visible test line is displayed on the test, then ovulation has not yet occurred or has already occurred. If the strip is as bright as the control or brighter than the control, then there was a release of LH and the egg is about to be released from the follicle.

This is the very moment when a man and a woman can conceive a child, so couples who want to have offspring should not shelve unprotected lovemaking.

Ovulation symptoms

Many women are interested in the question of at what temperature does ovulation occur and what symptoms does a woman experience during this process? It should be noted right away that different women experience different symptoms, but in about 20% of girls and young women, ovulation is a rather painful process.

In order not to confuse ovulation pain with appendicitis pain or stomach pain, it is necessary to know exactly the day of ovulation. Ovulation pain is a bit like the pain that occurs with menstrual bleeding. In some women, the pain is cramping in nature, others experience pulling, aching pain lower abdomen.

In some cases, during ovulation, slight bleeding is possible, which can last for several days. Also, ovulation may be accompanied by dizziness, nausea, fever, etc.

Ovulation pain occurs as a result of small bleeding from the ovary. The abdominal wall is irritated by the secreted blood, as a result of which a painful spasm occurs. Also, the general condition of the female body affects the degree of ovulation pain.

Many women who suffer from pain during the period when ovulation occurs are nervous and believe that something is wrong with their body, that they need some kind of treatment, etc. Do not panic - pain during ovulation is an absolutely normal phenomenon that does not require any intervention from medical professionals at all.

If a woman is worried about severe ovulation pains, she needs to apply a heating pad or soak in a warm bath. It is also recommended to walk more on fresh air and periodically measure body temperature, as a high temperature may indicate an infection. In this case, a doctor's consultation will not be superfluous.

Reasons for the lack of ovulation

As already mentioned, ovulation is a physiological process that occurs in a female, absolutely healthy body every month, with the exception of anovulatory cycles. However, for a number of reasons, many women do not have ovulatory cycles and, as a result, such women are forced to be called infertile. Why ovulation does not occur in these ladies and how to make the ovaries work so that the egg can mature in them?

So, the lack of ovulation may occur due to a woman's illness. Many diseases have a huge impact on the menstrual cycle, the egg does not have time to mature and cannot leave the ovary. The absence or delay in the release of an egg can occur if a woman falls ill in the first, preovulatory phase. If the disease has captured the body in the second, post-ovulatory phase, then this will not affect ovulation in any way.

Does ovulation always occur immediately after withdrawal? hormonal drugs? No not always. The fact is that for the full recovery of the body after taking these funds, some time must pass. The moment of ovulation in this case depends on the general condition of the female body, as well as on how long the woman has been taking hormonal drugs.

Some women experience full ovulation within a month or two after the withdrawal of hormonal drugs, while others take much longer - up to several months.

When does ovulation occur after menstruation, if the woman was subjected to great physical exertion? In this case, ovulation may either be absent altogether, or occur with a delay of several days. For what specific reason such a failure occurs in the body, experts have not yet found out, they only suggest that physical or emotional stress, changes in functions can affect ovulation thyroid gland, coefficient of fat. Also, the reason for the lack of ovulation can be all of these factors.

Whatever pleasant association the word “journey” evokes, it can have a very negative impact on the female body. Changes in climate and rhythm of life are a kind of stress for the body, as a result of which the monthly cycle can be lengthened, ovulation can be delayed or completely lost.

A normal woman has fat from total weight body should be approximately 18%. Fat is extremely necessary for a woman, because it is in it that estrogen accumulates and androgen is converted, and without them ovulation is impossible.

In overly thin women and girls, especially those who exhaust the body with constant diets, not only ovulation, but also menstruation may disappear. This is due to the fact that the body cannot produce enough estrogen due to the lack of fat, therefore, the egg does not mature and ovulation does not occur.

Stress ... is another reason why ovulation may be delayed or lost. Strong emotional and mental shocks can provoke longer than usual menstrual cycles, as well as affect the timely release of the egg from the follicle. Ovulation may occur much later than usual, or not at all.

In addition to all this, diseases such as polycystic ovaries, impaired function of the pituitary gland, and so on can lead to a permanent or temporary loss of ovulation. In these cases, you can not do without the advice of an experienced gynecologist. Correctly diagnosed, adequate treatment will help the female body to start working as it should by nature.

Which ovary is responsible for ovulation?

As you know, a woman has two ovaries located on both sides of the abdominal cavity. Ovulation for each of them is a huge job. First, you need to "grow" the dominant follicle, then support the development and maturation of the egg, and, finally, ensure its unhindered exit into the fallopian tube. After the work done, the ovary needs a “rest”. That is why in the next cycle, the other ovary will be responsible for the release of the egg.

How to find out in which ovary ovulation occurs in a particular cycle? To do this, you can conduct an ultrasound examination or listen to your feelings. Usually, during ovulation, a woman feels discomfort in the ovary from which the egg is released. As already mentioned, the pains are pulling in nature, but, according to by and large, do not cause serious inconvenience.

Answers

Ovulation and pregnancy are natural physiological processes that take place in a woman's body and are directly related to each other. Pregnancy will not occur without ovulation, a very short period of the menstrual cycle that occurs between two of its phases and lasts approximately 48 hours.

The probability of getting pregnant during ovulation is the highest, therefore, this factor must be taken into account for couples planning to conceive a child. Unfortunately, even the presence of ovulation does not guarantee successful fertilization, however, this stage is necessary for conception.

Ovulation is the process of rupture of a mature follicle, as a result of which, an egg ready for fertilization is released from the ovary. Initially, under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone, the follicle grows, which lasts until ovulation. As soon as the follicle reaches the desired size and functional activity, the concentration of another hormone, luteinizing (LH), sharply increases, which contributes to the maturation of the egg.

Then a gap forms in the follicle and the egg comes out - this moment is called ovulation. From the ovulatory peak of LH to ovulation, it takes approximately 36 to 48 hours. After that, during the period of the corpus luteum, the egg moves through the fallopian tube, in which fertilization usually occurs.

The zygote formed as a result of conception enters the uterine cavity within six to twelve days and is fixed in it, after which pregnancy occurs. If there was no conception, then the egg is destroyed in the fallopian tube during the day.

The situation when there was ovulation, but there was no pregnancy, is completely normal, otherwise, fertilization would occur with each maturation of the egg. If a woman planning to conceive does not become pregnant for a long time, then it is necessary to undergo an examination and determine whether she is ovulating or not.

Ovulation is a sign of a normally functioning reproductive system, and its absence indicates some kind of health problem. If there is ovulation, but pregnancy does not occur, then other causes of infertility should be looked for.

Spouses who do not have problems in the genital area and have a regular intimate life do not need to know when a woman ovulates. Fertilization, sooner or later, will occur in one of auspicious days.

Things are a little different for those couples where the man does not have a very good spermogram: the number of spermatozoa is small, or they are inactive. In this case, doctors recommend having sexual intercourse one to two days before ovulation, and before that, take a break of several days.

During this time, the concentration of sperm will increase, therefore, the chances that one of them will meet with the egg will also increase.

What is the chance of getting pregnant during ovulation?

Recent studies suggest that the probability of getting pregnant during ovulation is the highest, and is 33%. In other words, on the day of ovulation, you can get pregnant with a probability of one in three, but there are still days when the chances of conception are very high.

Is it possible to get pregnant before ovulation? Yes, you can: the day before ovulation, the probability of conception is 31%, two days before ovulation - 27%, three days - 16%. This is due to the fact that spermatozoa remain viable for some time after intimate contact, therefore, one of them can "wait" for the full maturation of the egg.

Four and five days before ovulation, the possibility of conception remains, although not too high, but six days before it and earlier, the ability of the egg to fertilize is minimal.

Is it possible to get pregnant after ovulation?

No, you can’t, literally a day after ovulation, a period begins, which doctors call the period of absolute infertility.

The chance of getting pregnant after ovulation is practically zero. To understand what is happening at this moment in a woman's body, we must remember what was said at the beginning of the article.

Ovulation essentially divides the menstrual cycle into two parts: a phase during which the follicle matures (ten to sixteen days on average) and a phase called the corpus luteum phase. Its duration does not depend on the menstrual cycle and is approximately two weeks.

It is the phase of the corpus luteum that is the period when the onset of pregnancy is impossible. This phase begins the day after ovulation and lasts until the onset of menstruation. Pregnancy does not occur after ovulation because a mature egg remains viable for only 24 hours, or even less, after which it can no longer be fertilized and is destroyed. Therefore, after ovulation, you can become pregnant only in a very short period of time.

However, the female body is too complicated, therefore, such arithmetic calculations are not always justified. In this regard, on women's forums they often ask if it is possible to get pregnant outside of ovulation?

After all, there are not so few cases when pregnancy occurred on that day of the menstrual cycle, which was considered completely safe. Doctors attribute this to variability hormonal background in a woman, and its dependence on the emotional state.

For example, against the background of stress, the menstrual cycle can change significantly, which means that the changes will also affect the period of ovulation. As a result, the egg will be released by two ovaries at once, on different days of the cycle, therefore, a woman can become pregnant even during her period.

Is it possible to get pregnant without ovulation?

The absence of ovulation suggests that the female body does not produce full-fledged eggs capable of fertilization. In such a situation, it makes no sense to talk about the onset of pregnancy, because the most important condition for a successful conception is missing.

How to get pregnant in the absence of ovulation? First of all, to identify the reasons for which there was a serious failure of the reproductive function of a woman. Most likely, the problem lies in a strong hormonal imbalance, which is corrected by properly selected therapy.

If it was not possible to establish the reasons, then they resort to more radical method: on the day of the expected ovulation, the woman is given an injection of a drug that causes the maturation of the follicle and the release of the egg.

What does the term early and late ovulation mean?

It has already been said above that a woman's cycle consists of two periods: before and after ovulation. If the duration of the first period can vary significantly in time, then the duration of the second is more stable and ranges from 12 to 16 days. In a woman whose cycle is 28 days, ovulation occurs in its middle. In women with a short cycle, the first period is short in duration.

However, the timing of ovulation can fluctuate from month to month. For example, if a woman was accustomed to ovulation on the 14th day of the cycle, then the maturation of the egg and its release on the 11th day can be considered early ovulation.

Early ovulation and pregnancy are completely normal, just conception, in this case, occurs a little earlier. If a woman has a late ovulation, then pregnancy is also quite possible. Sometimes conception occurs at a time when, by all accounts, the maturation of the egg has long since occurred, and it has lost the ability to fertilize.

In this case, they say that there was a very late ovulation, and pregnancy occurred at that moment.

Ovulation and pregnancy: how to calculate the day that is optimal for conception?

There are several more or less reliable ways to help determine whether ovulation has occurred or not. Since you can become pregnant with a high degree of probability during ovulation, women who want to conceive a child in the near future use these methods.

The first method is the simplest: the maturation of the egg may be accompanied by short-term pain in the lower abdomen and increased sexual attraction. A woman will notice similar symptoms without visiting a doctor. Gynecological examination allows you to detect an increase in the amount of mucus from the cervix, and an increase in its viscosity.

How to get pregnant on the day of ovulation, is there a more accurate method to help determine the period of egg maturity? There is a second method, which is not very complicated, but requires certain manipulations. When measuring basal temperature every day, there is a decrease directly on the day of ovulation, followed by a sharp increase the next day.

The basal temperature chart can be used to create an ovulation calendar. It helps to predict the time of its onset in the next month and choose a convenient moment for conception. Both of the above methods are approximate, although the second is more accurate.

The third method is based on determining the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the urine. There is a special test for ovulation, which reacts to a sharp increase in the amount of LH in the body. An increase is observed before the onset of ovulation, 24-36 hours before it.

Tests are carried out twice a day, before ovulation, five or six days before it. At the same time, in order to increase the accuracy of the results, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions.

The fourth method is the most informative and is associated with monitoring the development and maturation of the follicle using ultrasound. Approximately on the seventh day of the cycle, after the menstruation has ended, the doctor conducts ultrasound monitoring using a vaginal probe.

Then, every two to three days, the procedure is repeated to track the preparation of the endometrium. In the picture, you can clearly see the moment of rupture of the follicle, which means the onset of ovulation.

The latter method is used when they want to choose the most favorable time for fertilization, using medical procedures: insemination or in vitro fertilization. Since the chance of getting pregnant during ovulation is very high, methods to help determine its onset are extremely in demand.

There is a hypothesis that, during ovulation, you can become pregnant with a child of a certain gender. It depends on how much time has passed from the moment of sexual contact to ovulation, whether the couple will have a boy or a girl. This assumption is based on the fact that spermatozoa with a Y-chromosome, responsible for conceiving a boy, move through the female genital tract faster than spermatozoa with an X-chromosome.

If sexual intercourse coincided with ovulation, then the Y-spermatozoa will be the first to fertilize the egg. On the contrary, if intimate contact was two to three days before the maturation of the egg, then a girl is most likely to be conceived. So far, this hypothesis has not received a serious scientific justification. In general, any attempts to plan the sex of the child on your own have a 50/50 effectiveness, therefore, cannot be considered serious.

How to determine pregnancy after ovulation?

To understand whether conception has occurred, a woman can, first of all, by stopping menstrual flow. However, you can notice even earlier.

Women who are accustomed to regularly measuring basal temperature, in the event of pregnancy, will observe its increase to a level of more than 37 degrees. Another sign: weak spotting, which is sometimes mistaken for the onset of menstruation. In fact, this is a slight detachment of the endometrium. Finally, a test at home will help determine whether conception has occurred.

It is effective even if there is a day or two left before the expected delay. The line indicating a positive result will be visible, just a little less than at later dates. Finally, a sign of pregnancy after ovulation, which allows you to determine with almost one hundred percent accuracy that conception has occurred: an increase in the level chorionic gonadotropin.

This specific hormone is produced only in the body of a pregnant woman. A blood test to detect the presence of chorionic gonadotropin is done only in a hospital setting.

How to calculate gestational age by ovulation

If a woman used one of the methods described above to set the date of ovulation, then it will not be difficult for her to calculate the gestational age if conception has occurred. Of course, a small error is possible, but, in general, the result will be quite accurate, especially when using ultrasound monitoring.

If a woman did not track the onset of ovulation, then she can use the Negele formula. It is used by gynecologists to determine the date of birth. To do this, three months must be subtracted from the beginning of the last menstruation, and then seven days must be added.

The doctor needs to know the terms of pregnancy in order to properly manage the patient during this period, prescribe examinations and tests in a timely manner and monitor how the intrauterine development of the baby is going.

An accurate determination of the gestational age is necessary in order to know the date of birth, because their premature or late onset adversely affects the health of the child. It is important for the woman herself to leave in time maternity leave and prepare for the birth of the baby.

Does ovulation occur during pregnancy?

Professional doctors answer this question in the negative. The fact is that the onset of pregnancy involves serious changes in the level of hormones in a woman's body. These changes are aimed at preserving the fetus and bearing a healthy child.

In such a situation, the maturation of another egg, i.e. ovulation, poses a direct threat to the health of the woman and the baby. Therefore, nature itself has made sure that ovulation does not occur during pregnancy.

In addition to increasing the concentration of hormones, changes occur in the reproductive organs of a woman. The ovaries stop releasing eggs for fertilization, and the cervix closes with a mucous membrane. If, theoretically, another conception occurred, then the fetal egg would not be able to gain a foothold in the uterus.

Ovulation is the main component of the reproductive function: without it, it is impossible to get pregnant. The release of an egg takes place every month. by the most auspicious days for conception are the days immediately before ovulation and ovulatory time. After menstruation begins, and it is believed that it is impossible to get pregnant, because the next egg matures. But not everything is so simple: the female body knows how to surprise. Can you ovulate during your period? Is it possible to conceive immediately after the end of menstrual bleeding?

One of the most exciting moments is the unity of mother and child

It is easiest to conceive a child during ovulation. It is then that the mature egg leaves the follicle and begins to move to the fallopian tubes. She is ready to be fertilized. The egg is "active" for about a day. If at this time there was no meeting with the sperm, then the egg is rejected, menstruation occurs. With bleeding, the countdown of a new menstrual cycle begins.
Ovulation normally occurs every month. But any woman can experience anovulatory cycles when the egg does not mature. This is a common occurrence, the main thing is that it does not repeat often. Frequent anovulatory cycles indicate reproductive problems. But their frequency also increases with a woman's age.

It is believed that ovulation occurs on the 14th day of the cycle countdown. However, this only happens with an “ideal” cycle of 28 days. The duration of cycles in women is different, various factors (stress, illness) can delay or bring closer the maturation of the egg, so you should not focus solely on the 14th day.

When planning pregnancy, the calendar method for determining ovulation is often used. However, it is important not to take into account the "reference" indicators, but to focus on your cyclical processes, analyze your own ovulatory schedule. If the menstrual cycle is not ideal, it is better to track the fertile days on the basal temperature chart, backing up the chart readings with test strips to determine the maturation of the egg.

ovulatory signs

When the egg leaves the ovary, cyclic changes begin in the body: the hormonal background changes, the basal temperature rises. This provokes the appearance of symptoms that indicate the onset of favorable days for conception. If a woman listens carefully to the signals that her body gives, she will be able to recognize ovulation. You can do this in the following ways:

• Profuse vaginal discharge. Normally they are transparent. The norm option is whitish. The consistency of the secret becomes viscous. Sometimes sanious discharge is observed.
• Aching pain in the lower abdomen. Pain appear when the egg leaves the follicle.
• Bloating. Often, before ovulation, a woman is worried about gases.
• Soreness of the chest. Changes in the hormonal background provoke hypersensitivity of the breast, hence the pain.
• Change in taste preferences, heightened sense of smell. This is due to changes in hormone levels. An acute reaction to smells, a change in taste preferences is a temporary phenomenon: everything returns to normal by the beginning of a new cycle.
• Increased libido. During ovulation, hormones jump, which increases sexual desire. This is conceived by nature itself: this way the chances are higher that the moment favorable for conception will not be missed.

Not every woman shows all the signs at once: there may be one or more. Some girls clearly feel the symptoms and accurately determine ovulation, others cannot recognize the approach of those most favorable days - everything is individual.

When planning ovulation, it is usually determined by a method based on the measurement of basal temperature, and not by a calendar method. During ovulation, temperature indicators, previously kept at the same level, make a jump. The same method is often used for the purpose of protection: by determining the ovulatory period, you can find out when the likelihood of pregnancy increases and exclude sexual intercourse these days.

Ovulation During Menstruation: Is It Possible?

The date of the onset of menstruation is individual for each woman.

Many of the fair sex believe that it is impossible to get pregnant during menstruation. In fact, conception during menstrual bleeding is a reality, although it is rare. Ovulation also occurs during menstruation. This phenomenon is extremely rare, but it should not be ruled out. In women with a regular cycle, atypical ovulation cannot occur.

Not everyone menstruates regularly. There are cases when bleeding occurs once every few months or vice versa several times a month. Then the maturation of the egg can occur in parallel with the critical days. Often a woman is not even aware of this. Considering menstruation days to be the safest, some ladies do not refuse sex at this time, and then they are surprised at two strips on the test, signaling the onset of pregnancy. It is important to remember that the female body is a unique “mechanism”, it is able to surprise.

Causes of an atypical phenomenon

If there are menstrual irregularities, ovulation may occur during critical days. Cyclic "shifts" are usually observed with hormonal failures, problems of reproductive function, "female" diseases. When the cycle is broken, you need to contact a gynecologist. Only a specialist can find out what provoked the irregularity of the cycle and prescribe a treatment that will help bring the reproductive process back to normal.

Atypical cycles can also occur in perfectly healthy women: then this is considered as idiosyncrasy specific organism. However, in such cases, the patient should be aware that there are risks of egg maturation during menstrual bleeding.

Spontaneous ovulation during menstruation can be triggered by various factors. These include:

• severe stress;
• pathology of the reproductive system;
• inflammatory processes;
• infectious diseases;
• drastic climate change.

If the cycle is short (less than 28 days), then ovulation can occur on the last day of menstruation. The discharge is already insignificant, they do not interfere with sexual intercourse, the discomfort disappears, so some of the fair sex do not refuse sexual contact. Moreover, these days are considered safe. But if they ovulated, then conception will take place. Short cycles occur in a small percentage of women, even more rarely the egg is ready for fertilization in the last days of menstruation.

Is it possible to determine ovulation during menstruation by symptoms

Take any medications only on the advice of a doctor.

If ovulation occurred during the period of menstrual bleeding, then it is rather problematic to determine it by characteristic signs. Not always during the normal course of the cycle, ovulatory symptoms appear to the fullest, and during menstruation they are often completely hidden. The pain associated with ovulatory processes is superimposed on the unpleasant manifestations that accompany menstruation, and it is simply impossible to recognize what is happening in the body, no matter how you listen to it.

It is possible to determine that the maturation of the egg has ended by characteristic mucus. However, it mixes with blood secretions, so they do not always pay attention to it. Indicators of basal temperature will help you navigate. But there is one difficulty here: if a woman measured the temperature vaginally before menstruation, and then, for obvious reasons, decided to use the rectal method, then the measurements will be inaccurate. The graph can be considered reliable only when the measurements are carried out in one way.

The release of the egg immediately after menstruation

There is early ovulation after menstruation, that is, literally a few days after the bleeding stops. This happens if women have a short menstrual cycle and long periods. It is difficult for ladies with atypical cycles to determine safe and dangerous days using the calendar method, because they need to be guided by completely different reference criteria. If there are difficulties in the calculations, you should find out the nuances of egg maturation with a short cycle from your gynecologist.

Often, girls who have had sexual contact during or immediately after their period and become pregnant think that they have spontaneously ovulated, but in fact the catch lies in the continued activity of the partner's sperm. For example, sexual intercourse occurred on the fifth day of the menstrual cycle (bloody discharge was still there or no longer - it does not matter). But conception occurred during ovulation, which fell, for example, on the 11th day of the cycle. If the spermatozoa are tenacious, then theoretically they can remain fertile for a whole week. The egg, although it matured early, but not immediately after menstruation, it's all about the sperm.

Planning: Ultrasound to determine ovulation

The most reliable way to determine ovulation is ultrasound. The diagnostic procedure is not recommended during menstruation, however, a study conducted in a specific cycle will give an idea of ​​​​how the patient's follicles develop, how high-quality ovulation is. Women turn to the ultrasound method at the planning stage. Diagnostics allows you to understand if there are any problems with the reproductive system: ultrasound reveals cysts, fibroids, and an abnormal structure of the reproductive organs. The study allows you to track the growth of follicles, the formation of a dominant, the process of egg release itself and the formation of the luteal body. If there are problems with folliculogenesis, timely diagnosis will help to solve them at the initial stage, which contributes to the conception of a baby.

By ultrasound, you can determine which days of the cycle are optimal for conception. This is true for healthy women who cannot become pregnant due to the choice of non-fertile period for sexual intercourse.

The study of folliculogenesis using ultrasound has its drawbacks. Monitoring should be carried out four times per cycle, and then the full set of procedures should be repeated in the next cycle. This is the only way to paint a true picture. The study takes a lot of time and money, but the result will be truly truthful, unlike the calendar method for determining ovulation or basal temperature charting, where it is impossible to insure against errors.

If the cycle is 28 days, then the first ultrasound is performed from 8 to 10 days. When the cycle is long or short, but regular, then the examination is prescribed five days before its middle. If menstruation is irregular, the diagnosis is carried out 3 to 5 days after the end of menstrual bleeding.

An early check of ovulatory processes is the key to successful conception in the future. This is an obligatory point in pregnancy planning. It is important to remember that processes can occur in the female body that defy logic (ovulation during menstruation, re-ovulation in the cycle, etc.). At the planning stage, it is important to make sure that everything is in order, and for this you need to make an appointment with a qualified doctor.

On the Internet you can find a lot of information about which day is best to plan a child. Women describe in detail how best to prepare for the conception of a child. However, in most cases, the likelihood of getting pregnant depends on natural factors, such as the menstrual cycle and the time of ovulation. Is it possible to get pregnant on the day of ovulation? The answer to this question will be discussed in the article.

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Possibility of conception on the day of ovulation

Ovulation occurs when maturation and exit from the follicle of the female germ cell. This period appears approximately 14-15 days after the onset of menstruation. On the day of maturation, the egg ruptures and leaves the ovary.

A mature egg has no more than a day to be fertilized. In rare cases, double ovulation is diagnosed, i.e. when 2 mature cells leave the ovary 2 days apart.

You can get pregnant during ovulation. Therefore, every woman planning a child must learn to determine the beginning of this period.

In women in the position of maturation of eggs does not occur. This is due to the fact that the reproductive organ is already busy and does not need mature cells for fertilization.

Cell maturation in some women occurs irregularly. The wrong structure of the egg itself or its absence causes anovulation. In this case, the woman has no chance of getting pregnant. Violation manifests itself even with a regular menstrual cycle.

Anovulation is divided into:

physiological when the maturation of the egg does not occur for natural reasons. State does not require drug treatment and passes on its own after a certain period of time. Physiological anovulation manifests itself:

• when carrying a child;
• after childbirth;
• during the period of breastfeeding;
• at menopause;
• during the period of menstrual rest (several cycles in a woman can pass without egg maturation);
• while taking COCs that are aimed at suppressing ovulation.

Pathological. The condition develops due to various disorders in the body of a woman:

• diabetes;
• abnormalities in the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system and their damage;
• excess body weight;
• neurological abnormalities;
• inflammatory diseases fallopian tubes and appendages;
• hepatic inadequacy.

With timely treatment of these pathologies, it is possible to restore reproductive function.

A lady can independently determine the onset of ovulation by measuring basal temperature or by symptoms. During the maturation of the egg, some women feel a slight discomfort in the lower abdomen. This condition is associated with the rupture of the follicle and the release of a mature cell from it. At this time, it also intensifies sex drive. It should be immediately noted that according to the listed signs it is impossible to identify with 100% probability optimal time to conceive a child.

A reliable way to determine the onset of ovulation is to measure your basal body temperature daily. Normally, this figure is 36.9-37.1 degrees. During the period of egg maturation, the indicator rises to 37.5-37.7 degrees. If fertilization of the cell does not occur, then the indicator returns to its original values. When pregnancy occurs, the rectal temperature remains elevated.

A woman who keeps a basal temperature diary can accurately determine best time to conceive a child. But the rule only works if the lady has a regular menstrual cycle.

There is another way to determine the optimal time for pregnancy - measuring LH in the urine using test strips. Before the maturation of the egg, a pink strip appears on the test, the closer the ovulation phase, the brighter the color of the strip becomes.

Probability of conception

Is it always possible to get pregnant during the maturation of the egg? According to statistics, the probability of conception on the day of ovulation is 33%. A mature egg cell lives no more than 24 hours, and during this time, spermatozoa that have retained activity must have time to fertilize it.

Before and after ovulation, the chance of successfully conceiving a child will decrease.

The egg is fertilized not only during ovulation. The table shows the probability of conception depending on the time of maturation of the egg

After the phase under consideration, conception is also technically possible. The main condition for this is that the egg retains its viability.

Factors that reduce the chance of conception

Why can't I get pregnant on the day of ovulation? The likelihood of pregnancy largely depends on the health of both partners. Among the negative factors affecting a woman's ability to become pregnant, it should be noted:

1. Wrong calculation optimal time. Not in all women, the egg matures exactly 2 weeks after the onset of menstruation. This period often deviates up or down. Ovulation may not occur at all even in the presence of menstruation.
2. Hormonal disorders in the body. Long-term use of certain medications (oral contraceptives) or stressful situations can become the cause of the pathology.
3. Abnormal structures of the uterus or other organs of the reproductive system. The defect is most often manifested due to hereditary predisposition.
4. Dysfunction of the ovaries, as a result of which the germ cells do not have time to mature. The condition often manifests itself in adolescence when a girl has an unstable menstrual cycle.
5. Low sperm motility in men. A partner can check sperm for quality characteristics from a specialist, passing the necessary tests.
6. Abortions in a woman, carried out in the past. During the intervention, the endometrium of the uterus is damaged, which reduces the likelihood of successful attachment of the fetal egg to the walls of the reproductive organ.
7. Woman's use of alcohol, drugs.
8. Immunological incompatibility of men and women.

The age of partners affects the likelihood of successful conception. The older the woman, the less likely it is to have a quick pregnancy. With age, male spermatozoa lose their motor ability.

Factors that increase the chance of pregnancy

Certain factors can increase the chance of getting pregnant during ovulation. It is believed that you can get pregnant faster if you give up sexual intimacy for a while. Indeed, in this case, the concentration of spermatozoa in the biological fluid will increase.

A woman during ovulation is advised to stop consuming caffeinated drinks and nicotine, since these products negatively affect the contractility of the fallopian tubes and contribute to a change in the ratio of sex hormones in the body. Preference is given to fruits, vegetables and foods containing folic acid- peanuts, cheese, dry milk.

During sexual intercourse, it is advisable to refuse to use a lubricant. The components that make up the gel prevent spermatozoa from freely penetrating to the fallopian tubes.

Certain positions during intercourse can increase the likelihood of conceiving a child. For example, when a woman lies on her back with her legs thrown up. For ladies with a curved uterus, poses in which the man is behind are more suitable.

Often, the process of conceiving a child is hindered by the stress of a woman due to the inability to become pregnant. In this case, the lady is recommended to “free” her head from negative thoughts and spend some time in a calm atmosphere.

The chance of getting pregnant during ovulation the first time is 33%. A woman can determine the optimal moment of conception by measuring rectal temperature or special test strips sold in a pharmacy.

Ovulation (from Latin ovum - egg) - the release of a mature, capable of fertilization of the egg from the ovarian follicle into the abdominal cavity; stage of the menstrual cycle (ovarian cycle).

Ovulation in women of childbearing age occurs periodically (every 21-35 days). The frequency of ovulation is regulated by neurohumoral mechanisms, mainly gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland and ovarian follicular hormone. Ovulation is facilitated by the accumulation of follicular fluid and the thinning of ovarian tissue located above the protruding pole of the follicle. The rhythm of ovulation, which is constant for every woman, undergoes changes within 3 months after an abortion, within a year after childbirth, and also after 40 years, when the body is preparing for the premenopausal period. Ovulation stops with the onset of pregnancy and after the extinction of menstrual function. Establishing the timing of ovulation is important when choosing the most productive time for fertilization, artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization.

Signs of ovulation

Subjective signs of ovulation can be short-term pain in the lower abdomen. Objective signs of ovulation are an increase in mucous secretions from the vagina and a decrease in rectal (basal) temperature on the day of ovulation with an increase in it the next day, an increase in the content of progesterone in the blood plasma, etc. Violation of ovulation is due to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system and can be caused by inflammation genitals, dysfunction of the adrenal cortex or thyroid gland, systemic diseases, tumors of the pituitary and hypothalamus, stressful situations. The absence of ovulation in childbearing age (anovulation) is manifested by a violation of the rhythm of menstruation by the type of oligomenorrhea (menstruation lasting 1-2 days), amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Lack of ovulation (anovulation) is always the cause of a woman's infertility. Methods for restoring ovulation are determined by the cause that caused anovulation, and require an appointment with a gynecologist and special treatment.

Ovulation and contraception

Some women experience peak sexual arousal on the days of ovulation. However, the use of a physiological method of contraception for pregnancy, based on sexual abstinence during ovulation, is especially difficult for young spouses, whose frequency of sexual intercourse reaches quite high level. In addition, with strong love unrest and nervous stress, additional ovulation(especially with episodic, irregular intercourse), and then not one, but two eggs mature in one menstrual cycle. This should be remembered when choosing one or another method of contraception.

Physiology of the ovulation cycle

As soon as every healthy girl at the age of 11-15 begins to menstruate, which is an indicator of her body's readiness for childbearing, then there are problems associated with counting the days of the menstrual cycle and the legitimate question why menstruation does not occur, or vice versa, why the long-awaited pregnancy does not occur. . This makes a woman think and wait all the time, be in the dark about what happens to her every month. And so every month for decades.

Length of menstruation and cycle

Ideal menstruation lasts 3-5 days and repeats every 28 days. However, for some women, this cycle takes 19 days or even less, while for others it lasts from 35 to 45 days, which is a feature of their body, and not a violation of menstrual function. The duration of menstruation also, depending on the organism, can vary within a week. All this should not cause alarm in a woman, but a delay of more than two months, called opsometry or more than six months - amenorrhea, should alert the woman and make sure to find out the cause with a gynecologist.

Length of the menstrual cycle

- This is a complex physiological process that continues in women up to 45 - 55 years. It is regulated by the so-called sex centers located in the middle part of the diencephalon - the hypothalamus. The changes that occur during the menstrual cycle are most pronounced in the uterus and ovaries. In the ovary, under the influence of hormones produced by the ovarian follicles, partly by the adrenal cortex and testes, the main follicle, which contains the egg, grows and matures. The mature follicle ruptures and the egg, together with the follicular fluid, enters the abdominal cavity, and then into the fallopian tube. The process of rupture of the follicle and the release of a mature (suitable for fertilization) egg from its cavity is called ovulation, which, with a 28-day cycle, occurs most often between the 13th and 15th days.

corpus luteum, estrogen, progesterone

A corpus luteum forms at the site of the ruptured follicle. These morphological changes in the ovary are accompanied by the release of sex steroid hormones - estrogens and progesterone. Estrogens are secreted by the maturing follicle, and progesterone by the corpus luteum.

The release of estrogen has two maxima - during ovulation and during the period of maximum activity of the corpus luteum. So, for example, if the normal estrogen content is about 10 µg/l, then during ovulation it is about 50 µg/l, and during pregnancy, especially towards the end of it, the estrogen content in the blood increases to 70-80 µg/l per due to a sharp increase in the biosynthesis of estrogens in the placenta.

Together with progesterone, estrogens promote the implantation (introduction) of a fertilized egg, maintain pregnancy and promote childbirth. Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of many biochemical processes, are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid distribution, stimulate the synthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids and proteins. Estrogens contribute to the deposition of calcium in bone tissue, delay the release of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and water from the body, that is, increase their concentration both in the blood and in electrolytes (urine, saliva, nasal secretions, tears) of the body.

The secretion of estrogens is controlled by the anterior pituitary gland and its genadotropic hormones: follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH).

Under the influence of estrogens in the first phase of the menstrual cycle, called folliculin, regeneration occurs in the uterus, that is, the restoration and growth of its mucous membrane - the endometrium, the growth of glands that stretch in length and become convoluted. The mucous membrane of the uterus thickens 4-5 times. In the glands of the cervix, the secretion of mucous secretion increases, the cervical canal expands, and becomes easily passable for spermatozoa. In the mammary glands, the epithelium grows inside the milk ducts.

In the second phase, called luteal (from the Latin word luteus - yellow), under the influence of progesterone, the intensity of metabolic processes in the body decreases. The growth of the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus stops, it becomes loose, edematous, a secret appears in the glands, which creates favorable conditions for attaching a fertilized egg to the mucous membrane and developing the embryo. The glands stop secreting mucus, the cervical canal closes. In the mammary glands, from the overgrown epithelium of the end sections of the milk ducts, alveoli arise, capable of producing and secreting milk.

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum dies, the functional layer of the endometrium is rejected, and menstruation occurs. Monthly bleeding varies from three to seven days, the amount of blood lost is from 40 to 150 g.

Timing of ovulation

It should be noted that different women have a noticeable difference in the timing of ovulation. And even for the same woman exact dates offensives fluctuate in different months. In some women, cycles are characterized by exceptional irregularity. In other cases, cycles may be longer or shorter than the average - 14 days. In rare cases, it happens that in women with a very short cycle, ovulation occurs around the end of the period of menstrual bleeding, but still, in most cases, ovulation occurs quite regularly.

If, for one reason or another, ovulation does not occur, the endometrial layer in the uterus is thrown out during menstruation. If the fusion of the egg and sperm has occurred, then the cytoplasm of the egg begins to vibrate very strongly, as if the egg is experiencing an orgasm. Sperm penetration is the final stages of egg maturation. All that remains of a spermatozoon is its nucleus, where 23 chromosomes are densely packed (half the set of a normal cell). The sperm nucleus is now rapidly approaching the egg nucleus, which also contains 23 chromosomes. The two cores are slowly touching. Their shells dissolve and they merge, as a result of which they are divided into pairs and form 46 chromosomes. Of the 23 chromosomes of the sperm, 22 are completely analogous to the chromosomes of the egg. They determine all the physical characteristics of a person except gender. In the remaining pair from the egg there is always an X chromosome, and from the sperm there can be an X or Y chromosome. Thus, if there are 2 XX chromosomes in this set, then a girl will be born, if XY, then a boy.

Research conducted at the “National Institute of Medical Problems environment” (North Carolina) showed that not only the actual conception of a child, but also its gender depends on the time of conception in relation to the time of ovulation.

The probability of conception is maximum on the day of ovulation and is estimated at about 33%. A high probability is also noted on the day before ovulation - 31%, two days before it - 27%. Five days before ovulation, the probability of conception is estimated to be 10%; four days before ovulation, 14%; and three days, 16%. Six days before ovulation and the day after ovulation, the chance of conception through sexual intercourse is very low.

Considering that the average “lifespan” of spermatozoa is 2-3 days (in rare cases it reaches 5-7 days), and the female egg remains viable for about 12-24 hours, then the maximum duration of the “dangerous” period is 6- 9 days and the “dangerous” period corresponds to the phase of slow rise (6-7 days) and rapid decline (1-2 days) before and after the day of ovulation, respectively. Ovulation, as noted above, divides the menstrual cycle into two phases: the follicle maturation phase, which, with an average cycle duration, is 10-16 days, and the luteal phase (corpus luteum phase), which is stable, independent of the duration of the menstrual cycle and is 12- 16 days. The corpus luteum phase is referred to as the period of absolute infertility, it begins 1-2 days after ovulation and ends with the onset of a new menstruation.

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