Apartment heating system - characteristic. Apartment heating. Individual heating of apartments Features of the use of pipes made of heat-resistant polymer materials

One of the most inert issues in our country concerns the provision of apartment owners with high-quality heating. For this, traditional centralized heating systems are used. However, they have long been outdated not only morally, but also physically. The way out of this situation is to install autonomous heating in apartment building.

The most popular are options with a common boiler, which is mounted in a single copy for the whole house or with multiple boilers for each apartment. Both options have the right to exist, especially since they have already been tested in the real conditions of urban high-rise buildings.

Positive sides

It is worth considering that the technique is effective not only for our country, but also proved to be beyond its borders. Finding out what autonomous heating is in an apartment building, you must definitely decide on its advantages for residents:

Real cost

This argument is the most effective for the majority of residents who have decided to abandon the centralized heating of their apartments. Payments for this type of service will indicate the amount that was used for heating in the previous month. It depends on the area of ​​​​the apartment, since the calculation is based on the total footage of the house. The total gas costs are divided by the total area of ​​​​the house, including the territory sharing. With the introduction of this system, there will be real savings.

Possibility of heating even in the absence of a centralized connection to the heating network

In some areas where new houses are being built, it is not possible to bring centralized heating to them. But after the advent of autonomy, it became clear to everyone how to heat an apartment without central heating, because often this is the only option for heating a home. In some large cities there are entire blocks of such houses built in the late 90s.

Significant resource savings

Such a plus can be noted when using all types of autonomous heating. This is due to the fact that enormous resources are spent on the transportation of heated water, which are no longer needed after the maximum approach of the heat generator to consumers. The owners can, at their discretion, add / reduce the gas supply for better heating of the premises. This saves fuel.

The quality of heating is greatly improved

This is noted by those who managed to evaluate the disconnection from central heating in favor of autonomous heating. An increase in efficiency can be achieved by minimizing losses during energy transportation, since the delivery arm is reduced to the minimum allowable value.

An additional positive is the reduction in the cost of maintenance by getting rid of the boiler room.

VIDEO: Autonomous apartment heating - pros and cons

Cons of the system

To be completely honest, explaining what autonomous heating means, it is necessary to identify the negative aspects of installation. They are in the following points:

• The unscrupulous attitude of users to any system can destroy any undertakings. In this case, you will need to carry out regular cleaning, preventive maintenance and maintenance of the system. Service work must be carried out at least once a year. To do this, call a specialized specialist who can prevent the occurrence of breakdowns.


• Efficient ventilation is installed inside the room and to the boiler itself. Such work is often costly and requires the destruction of the side wall of the room in order to organize the exit of combustion products to the outside. It is important to pay enough attention to this item, because the health of the owners of the apartment depends on it.
• The system will have poor efficiency if heated rooms are adjacent to unheated ones. Neighbors may not live there, and therefore their apartments will become a source of cold.

Apartment heating operation

Even considering that several types of boilers are used in the world, they operate on a similar principle. By installing one of them in your apartment, you can independently manage your heat to the fullest, turning it on / off at the right time for the residents, and not when it is convenient for the housing office to do this.

When analyzing what it means autonomously, it is necessary that, when installing the appropriate boiler, it contains a second circuit responsible for hot water supply. Thus, it will be possible to save on the installation of a boiler for hot water supply.

It is not necessary to operate the system at maximum parameters in individual or autonomous heating, as its excessive wear and tear will significantly reduce the overall operation time.

With apartment heating, it will be possible to achieve the following indicators:

• There will be significant savings in natural gas up to 2 times, and for the system hot water this figure will be equal to 3 times.
• Payments for heating will also decrease almost proportionally: for heat, the decrease will occur by 2-3 times, and for hot water bills will fall even more - by 3-4 times.

Popular boilers

When installing apartment systems, it is important to choose the highest quality boiler. These devices can be divided into three segments:

• Premium class, including German, Swiss or French manufacturers (Vaillant, De Dietrich, Viessmann, etc.)

• The average price range, which in most respects is similar to the premium one, offers products from the Italian, Korean or Czech manufacturer of climate equipment (Dakon, Mora, Ariston, Baxi, Beretta).

• You can buy a budget device of domestic production. They are made as in Nizhny Novgorod, Zhukovsky, Podolsk.

It should be borne in mind that the country of origin is often determined rather conditionally, according to the product brand. This is due to the fact that peripheral companies that do not have their big names, are able to offer products of no worse quality than premium ones, are trying to get a name in the market.

It is advisable to choose the products of a company that deals exclusively with boilers. This helps its owners to concentrate on the production of narrowly specialized products, taking care of the quality of the finished product.

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Advantages of an individual heating system in an apartment building

• Heating system device apartment building allows utilities to reduce tariffs for the services provided. In addition to financial savings, the consumer himself will be able to increase or decrease the temperature for space heating at the right time. So, adjusting the heating system of an autonomous apartment building is effective way set the optimum temperature.

• Individual heating residential premises allows developers to slightly reduce the cost of square meters when commissioning an object. This is due to the fact that builders incur high costs when laying communications. In addition, the heating device in an autonomous apartment building allows developers to develop new territories remote from population centers with all the infrastructure;

• The fact of significant savings in natural gas, which runs the internal heating system of an apartment building, has been proven. Compared to such a method as heating an apartment with electricity, natural gas is economical.



• Using an autonomous heating system, it becomes possible to minimize heat waste on the way to the consumer. There is no need to additionally insulate heating mains, through which hot water is supplied to consumers' apartments, and balancing the heating system of a multi-storey building is easy and relatively fast;

• For those who are rarely in their apartments, the best solution is to insulate the outer surfaces of the room, which will keep the heat for a long time and avoid the destruction of the structure under the influence of moisture;

• Special attention can be paid to the ventilation system. When adjusting the heating system of an apartment building and, in particular, gas-powered equipment, it is important to understand that it is necessary to remove the decay products with high quality.
  but in new buildings there is everything the necessary conditions for the implementation of the plan. Mounted here modern systems ventilation and cleaning. So, flushing the heating system of an apartment building will be carried out without problems, since the design already provides for it. In order to install autonomous heating for an apartment in an apartment building, it is important to coordinate everything with city managers and be sure to provide an equipment placement project.

Features of the heating device in an apartment building

Depending on your heating layout in a multi-storey building, when choosing a boiler for installing an autonomous heating system, give preference to boilers with an isolated combustion chamber. This type of boilers have a ventilation system in their structure, which can independently regulate the supply of fresh air. It is convenient if the boiler is characterized by a cyclical rhythm of operation, which ensures gentle disposal of combustion products that enter the air. The released carbohydrate oxide should not exceed the allowable limits.

As you can see, the benefits of switching to heating an apartment building are obvious. Installation of this type of equipment will allow you to become independent from housing and communal services companies. Determine the end and start time of the heating season and the optimal air temperature for yourself, adjusting the heating in an apartment building is a simple process. And, which is not unimportant, saving the family budget.

heating-doma.org

Millions of people, being owners of apartments, become, thereby, “hostages” of public utilities. This is due to payment for heating in an apartment building and not only. What can I say to those who are concerned about the issue of heating 3 room apartment. To save money, residents should know how heating is arranged in an apartment building, and what actions or devices will help them with this. But what if you have poor heating in your apartment? Complain to the relevant authorities. Read more about it here.

If you pay attention to the heating scheme of an apartment in multi-storey buildings, then it is almost the same everywhere:

1. At the thermal station, in special boilers, the coolant is heated (for multi-storey buildings it is water) to a temperature of +130 -150 degrees.
2. To avoid the formation of steam, it is further supplied through heating mains under high pressure to residential buildings (you can find out more about the operating pressure in the heating system of an apartment building on our website).
3. Gate valves are mounted at the entrance of the heating main pipe to the house, allowing you to control the level of water supply to its heating circuit.

By the way, if you have radiators in your apartment or you decide to install them, then we advise you to familiarize yourself with the important questions that you may have: how to choose the right radiators, replacement and adjustment, service life and repair, flushing heating systems, schemes and methods connections, types of radiators and their installation, noise in the batteries, and also what should be the temperature of the radiators in the apartment.

The further distribution of the coolant depends on how the heating of the apartment building (residential) is connected, that is, what is the name of the scheme of the heating system project:

As the practice of recent decades has shown, centralized heating in an apartment has ceased to be a “sentence”, since it has become possible (not for everyone!) to switch to individual heating of housing (read more on our website how to refuse central heating in an apartment building). In addition, with the help of it it will be possible to carry out heating in the bathroom. Autonomous heating in the apartment seems to be an ideal option, read more about it in the next section.

Heating system

Many residents of high-rise buildings dream of equipping an apartment with their own boiler room or underfloor heating system, abandoning the central heating of an apartment in Moscow. According to the law, if the heating system in the house allows this, then the apartment owners can start the refusal procedure (find out on our website how to transfer the apartment to individual heating). It is important to know how to conduct heating in the apartment and what conditions must be met.

Before you think about what type of heating to install in an apartment, you need to collect everything Required documents to dismantle old equipment. Among them, there should be not only a registration certificate, documents for ownership and an application, but also a new project for installing heating in an apartment.

The latter should be drawn up only after the conclusion of the commission that the apartment can be transferred to autonomous heating without causing damage to the rest of the residents of the house and centralized system heating in general.

Individual heating has its advantages:

1. Creation of the necessary microclimate.
2. Regulation of heat supply and its quality.
3. Turning on the system when you really need it.
4. Ideal option for heating corner apartments.

But at the same time, one should not forget that although you will no longer have to deal with public utilities, no one is exempted from paying for heating common areas in an apartment building.

Heating option two-room apartment(scheme):

Heat in the entrances is another burden on the wallets of consumers. Since the stairwells, technical floor, basement or attic are part of a centralized heating system, the heat they receive must be paid for.

Unfortunately, there is often a situation when the batteries in the entrance are warm, but it is cold in it. This is due to the fact that no one took care of reducing heat loss. Poor closing entrance doors, the lack of glass in the windows of the entrance, all this "eats" the heat, for which the residents themselves have to pay.

In order for the heating to work effectively in the entrance of an apartment building, employees of the heating network should monitor it. AT high-rise buildings batteries are located on the first floor and on all subsequent staircases in special niches.

If the system is outdated, then the heating service is obliged to replace it at its own expense, as well as to carry out other work in preparation for the winter season:

• insulate windows and balcony doors;
• replace broken glass;
• insulate the attic, if any, and the pipeline;
• check the heating system before starting it;
• repair the entrance doors and insulate them.

In the event that such work is not carried out and it is cold in the entrance, the tenants have the right to file a complaint against the management company and demand a recalculation for the general house heating.

Basements

As a rule, initially basements in apartment buildings were planned as a place where all nodes of thermal and water communications are collected, ventilation takes place here and the central sewerage of the building is located.

Currently, basements are often rebuilt as cafes, gyms or shops. The heating of the basement of an apartment building is part of a centralized system, which must be supervised by heating network technicians. So that it does not become a "black hole" in the budget of the house, it should be carefully insulated and this should be done, as in the entrance, by the service - the heat supplier.

Residents of the building have the right to check how well the work was done., since it is they who pay all the costs for heat, regardless of whether a common house meter is available or not.

Apartment heating

An apartment with apartment heating is an innovation in new buildings. This term means that the house will not be connected to a centralized heating system.

Such houses began to appear more and more often for several reasons:

1. The builder saves a lot, since he does not need to draw up a project, coordinate it with the heating network, conduct communication and install heating radiators.
2. Clients also like this approach of developers. Housing prices are much lower, independence from public utilities and the ability to independently choose how to heat, all this makes the apartment more attractive.

In many modern new buildings, heating is installed in advance in an apartment with a double-circuit gas boiler which is included in its price. This somewhat limits the choice of customers, but on the other hand, gas heating has its advantages.

According to today's statistics, gas is still the cheapest type of heating in the country, and if we compare the prices for centralized heating and autonomous gas, then the latter is 3 times cheaper with the same indoor air heating.

Installing gas heating in an apartment building has the following advantages:

The gas heating device in apartment buildings has a couple of significant drawbacks:

1. Dependence on the supply of electricity. If there are frequent power outages in the region, then there is a chance to freeze in winter.
2. The high cost of the system and its installation, although its subsequent operation will more than return all investments.

Before deciding to switch to autonomous gas heating, you should consult with representatives of the heating network and a lawyer, since this type of heating is not allowed in all multi-storey buildings and regions.

Heating in the apartment - photo:

netholodu.com

Important pros and cons of apartment heating

Let's start with the benefits, since there are more of them.

1. With autonomous heating, the consumer can independently control the temperature level of hot water in the heating system, while the problem of interruptions in the supply of heat and water for various reasons disappears.

2. With apartment heating, consumers get the opportunity to save gas by 30-40 percent and, as a result, spend less on payments utilities.

3. Houses with apartment heating systems are much cheaper to build, since there is no need to carry out expensive heating network, equip heat points and so on. In addition, it becomes possible to erect residential buildings in those areas of the city where there is no developed infrastructure for heating networks, if there is a stable gas supply. Finally, the problem of payback disappears heating system, since the cost of apartment systems is extinguished already at the time a person purchases an apartment.

4. It is important that autonomous heating systems are completely environmentally friendly. They use boilers with closed camera combustion, as a result of which it is possible to solve the problem of ventilation of the apartment. In this equipment, the combustion air is forcibly sucked in by means of a built-in fan from the outside. Combustion products go there. Since the boiler works intermittently, the products of combustion are easily dispersed in the air. AT normal mode operation equipment with a closed combustion chamber and forced draft emit about 80 -110 p.p.m. combustion products with carbon monoxide, which fully meets European standards.

When designing and equipping apartment heating systems, it is necessary, first of all, to think over a reliable and safe removal of combustion products.

We will separately consider the advantages of apartment heating systems for certain groups.

Benefits for consumers:

• the price of hot water and heat supply is reduced by more than two times;
• You can independently monitor the microclimate in the apartment.

Benefits for construction companies:

• it is not required to install expensive heating networks, equip heating points, install heat metering devices;
• you can build houses in any area of ​​the city, even if there are no heating networks.

Benefits for service companies:

• easier to produce Maintenance, since in this case, a certain number of similar gas boilers are serviced at one facility;
• it is possible to replace pipelines, shut-off and control devices and heating devices in separate rooms in case of redevelopment or in case of an accident, while the operation of heating systems in other rooms is not disturbed;
• it is easier to pay for the consumed heat resources, following the data of the gas meter.

Benefits for executive authorities:

• finances are saved, since there is no need to build heating plants and heating points;
• finances are saved, as there is no subsidy for utilities;
• there are no heat losses in heating systems;
• the state is not required to take into account and pay thermal energy, since this responsibility is shifted to the owners of the apartments.

It is impossible, speaking about the pros of apartment heating, to bypass the cons. Let's add a small fly in the ointment to a barrel of honey and consider the disadvantages of autonomous heat supply. Firstly, these are difficulties with the organization of smoke removal. In our country, coaxial emissions of combustion products through the facade are prohibited. apartment buildings, it follows that there is a need to equip a single chimney, and this is a rather expensive and lengthy process. Another disadvantage is the high danger of apartment heating systems. Indeed, in this case, in each room there is heating equipment that runs on gas, which, as you know, is an explosive fuel. However, this problem can be solved if high-quality boilers are used, endowed with ionization control of the presence of a flame, draft and temperature control sensors, and automatically turning off the gas valve when the fire disappears.

In high-rise buildings, there may be difficulties with traction on the lower and upper floors. At the same time, the inhabitants of the lower floors will face too high level traction, and the upper, on the contrary, with too low a level. As a rule, boilers with a capacity of 24 kW are installed in apartments, but they correspond to a very large area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing. Consequently, equipment operation will almost always be intermittent. The fact is that the calculated load for the heat supply of an average residential building (two-room apartment) is less than five kilowatts. Whereas the load of hot water supply, for example, to fill a bath hot water, should therefore equal 24 kilowatts, even for one-room apartments. As a result, you will need to select the boiler power based on the peak load. At the same time, the thermal block operates even at minimum power, which is why condensate forms in the gas duct without good thermal insulation at low temperatures outside. Therefore, the chimney should be equipped with equipment for collecting and eliminating condensate and a device for neutralizing it before draining. The total capacity of wall-mounted boilers in a building with 200 apartments is 4.8 MW, which is more than twice as high as that for district heating. At the same time, if capacitive heaters are installed in the DHW system, it will be possible to reduce the installed capacity of the equipment, but the price and the occupied volume of the entire system will increase. Accordingly, such a solution is unacceptable, because it completely eliminates all the advantages of wall-mounted boilers.

As a result, the boilers during installation are regulated to reduce the power by half. Naturally, the devices are owned by the residents, so no one is involved in measuring the efficiency and composition of the exhaust gases, emissions are also not controlled.

Finally, in the case of using autonomous heating systems, the basements of buildings, attics and stairs are not heated at all, which causes freezing of the foundation and a decrease in the life of the house in general. Also, residents of apartments in the central part of the building receive a significant advantage, because they can get part of the heat from neighboring apartments. It also happens vice versa - in new buildings there are many uninhabited apartments, because the walls of neighboring rooms are cooled, which, in turn, entails additional costs for warming the apartment.

From a legal point of view, the boiler is owned by the owner of the apartment, which means that he will have to decide how often to service this device. Despite this, do not forget: the boiler is a complex device that needs service at least once a year, and preferably more often. It should be noted that the service is carried out by specialized service centers, and the prices for these services are low and will fully pay off with significant savings on utility bills.

Summing up, it becomes clear that there are pros and cons of apartment heating. But there are more pluses, and the minuses are rather features that, in principle, can be eliminated in various ways.

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T. I. Sadovskaya, cand. tech. Sciences, Chief Specialist of the State Research Institute "SantekhNIIproekt"

The problem of rational consumption and distribution of thermal energy by heating systems is still relevant, because under the climatic conditions of Russia, heating systems for residential buildings are the most energy-intensive of engineering systems.

AT last years prerequisites have been created for the construction of residential buildings with reduced energy consumption by optimizing urban planning and space-planning solutions, the shape of buildings, by increasing the level of thermal protection of enclosing structures and by using more energy-efficient engineering systems.

Residential buildings erected since 2000 with thermal protection corresponding to the second stage of energy saving, in terms of energy efficiency, correspond to regulatory requirements countries such as Germany and the UK. The walls and windows of residential buildings have become "warmer" - heat loss by enclosing structures has decreased by 2-3 times, modern translucent fences (windows, doors of loggias and balconies) have such low air permeability that when closed windows virtually no infiltration.

At the same time, in residential buildings of mass construction, to date, designed and operated according to standard projects heating systems. The systems traditionally use high-temperature coolants with parameters of 105–70, 95–70°C. When providing thermal protection of buildings according to the second stage of energy saving and with the specified parameters of the heat carrier, the dimensions and heating surface of heating devices are reduced, the flow rate of the heat carrier through each device and, as a result, protection from reverse radiation in the area of ​​​​windows, doors of balconies, loggias is not provided, working conditions worsen and regulation of automatic thermostats of heating devices.

To create buildings with a more efficient use of thermal energy, providing comfortable conditions for human habitation, modern, energy-efficient heating systems are needed. Adjustable apartment heating systems fully meet these requirements. However, the widespread use of apartment heating systems is held back in part by the lack of sufficient regulatory frameworks and design guidelines.

Currently, the Department of Technical Regulation of the Gosstroy of Russia is considering the Code of Rules "Systems for apartment heating of residential buildings." The set of rules was prepared by a group of specialists from FSUE "SantekhNIIproekt", JSC "Mosproekt", Gosstroy of Russia and includes requirements for systems, heaters, fittings and pipelines, requirements for safety, durability and maintainability of apartment heating systems.

The set of rules supplements and develops the requirements for the design of apartment heating systems in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-(2) and can be used to design apartment heating systems in residential buildings of various types, single and multi-apartment, block and sectional in the construction of new and reconstructed buildings provided with thermal energy from thermal networks (CHP, RTS, boiler house), from autonomous or individual heat sources.

apartment system heating - a system with piping within one apartment, ensuring the maintenance of a given air temperature in the premises of this apartment.

An analysis of a number of projects shows that apartment heating systems have a number of advantages compared to central systems:

- provide greater hydraulic stability of the heating system of a residential building;

– increase the level of comfort in apartments by ensuring the air temperature in each room at the request of the consumer;

— provide the ability to account for heat in each apartment and reduce heat consumption for heating season by 10–15% with automatic or manual regulation of heat flows;

– meet the customer’s design requirements (the ability to choose the type of heater, pipes, pipe laying schemes in the apartment);

- provide the possibility of replacing pipelines, shut-off and control valves and heating devices in individual apartments during redevelopment or in emergency situations without violating the operating mode of heating systems in other apartments, the possibility of carrying out adjustment work and hydrostatic tests in a separate apartment.

The level of thermal protection of residential buildings with apartment heating systems must not be lower than the required values ​​​​of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of the external fences of the building in accordance with SNiP II-3-79 *.

The design air temperature for the cold period of the year in the heated premises of a residential building should be taken within the optimal norms in accordance with GOST 30494, but not lower than 20 ° C for premises with a permanent stay of people. In multi-apartment buildings, it is allowed to lower the air temperature in heated rooms when they are not in use (during the absence of the owner of the apartment), lower than the standard by no more than 3–5 ° C, but not lower than 15 ° C. With such a temperature difference, heat loss through the internal enclosing structures may not be taken into account.

In an apartment building with central system heating systems for apartment heating should be designed for all apartments. It is not allowed to install apartment systems for one or more apartments in the house. Apartment heating systems in a residential building are connected to heating networks according to an independent scheme through heat exchangers, in a quarterly central heating station or in an individual heating point (ITP). It is allowed to connect apartment heating systems to heating networks according to a dependent scheme, while ensuring automatic control of the parameters of the heat carrier in the ITP.

In single-apartment and block houses with individual sources of heat supply, both apartment heating systems with heating devices and systems floor heating it can be used for heating individual rooms or floor sections, provided that the set temperature of the coolant and the temperature on the floor surface are automatically maintained.

For apartment heating systems, as a rule, water is used as a heat carrier; other coolants may be used during a feasibility study in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91*.

The parameters of the coolant for apartment heating systems, depending on the heat source, the type of pipes used and the way they are laid, are given in the table.

In apartment heating systems of a residential building, the parameters of the coolant must be the same for all apartments. In the technical justification or on the instructions of the customer, it is allowed to take the temperature of the heat carrier of the apartment heating system of one of the apartments lower than that adopted for the heating system of the building. At the same time, automatic maintenance of the specified coolant temperature should be ensured.

Heating systems

In buildings with a height of two or more floors, for supplying coolant to apartments, two-pipe systems should be designed with lower or upper wiring of main pipelines, main vertical risers serving part of the building or one section.

The supply and return main vertical risers for each part of the section building are laid in special shafts of common corridors, stair halls.

In the shafts on each floor, built-in installation cabinets should be provided, in which floor-by-floor distribution manifolds with outlet pipelines for each apartment, shut-off valves, filters, balancing valves, and heat meters should be placed.

Apartment heating systems can be performed according to the following schemes:

- two-pipe horizontal (dead-end or passing) with parallel connection of heating devices (Fig. 1). Pipes are laid near the outer walls, in the floor structure or in special skirting boxes;

- two-pipe beam with individual connection by pipelines (loops) of each heater to the distribution manifold of the apartment (Fig. 2). It is allowed to connect "on the hitch" of two heaters within the same room. Pipelines are laid in the form of loops in the floor structure or along the walls under skirting boards. The system is convenient for installation, since pipelines of the same diameter are used, there are no pipe connections in the floor;

- single-pipe horizontal with closing sections and serial connection of heating devices (Fig. 3). The consumption of pipes is significantly reduced, but the heating surface of heating devices is increased by approximately 20% or more. The circuit is recommended for use with higher coolant parameters and a smaller temperature difference (for example, 90–70°C). By increasing the amount of water flowing into the device, the heating surface of the device decreases. The calculated temperature of the water leaving the last appliance must not be lower than 40°C;

- floor with laying heating coils from pipes in the floor structure. Floor systems have a greater inertia than systems with heating devices, are less accessible for repair and dismantling. Possible options for laying pipes in underfloor heating systems are shown in fig. 4, 5. Scheme according to fig. 4 ensures easy installation of pipes and uniform temperature distribution over the floor surface. The scheme according to fig. 5 provides approximately equal average temperature on the floor surface.

Bathroom heated towel rails are connected to the hot water supply system - when the building is supplied from heating networks or from an autonomous source, or to the heating system - with an individual heat source.

Should buildings with apartment heating be provided with heating of staircases, elevator lobbies?

In residential buildings with more than three floors, with a central or general autonomous source of heat supply, it is necessary to design the heating of stairwells, stairwells and elevator lobbies. In buildings with more than three floors, but not more than 10, as well as in buildings of any number of floors with individual heat sources, it is allowed not to design the heating of smoke-free staircases of the first type. At the same time, the resistance to heat transfer internal walls, enclosing an unheated staircase from residential premises, is taken equal to the heat transfer resistance of the outer walls.

Hydraulic calculations of apartment heating systems are carried out according to existing methods, taking into account recommendations for the use and selection of heating devices, developed on the basis of the results of the Research Institute of Sanitary Engineering when testing and certifying heating devices from various manufacturers.

The connection of the heater to pipelines can be carried out according to the following schemes:

— lateral unilateral connection;

— connection of a radiator from below;

— lateral two-sided (versatile) connection to the lower radiator plugs. Versatile connection of pipelines should be provided for radiators with a length of not more than 2,000 mm, as well as for radiators connected “on a hitch”. In a two-pipe heating system, it is allowed to connect two heaters “on a hitch” within the same room.

Heating appliances, fittings, pipelines

In apartment heating systems, as in traditional heating systems, heaters, valves, fittings, pipes and other materials approved for use in construction and having certificates of conformity of the Russian Federation should be used.

In multi-apartment residential buildings the service life of heating devices and pipelines of heating systems must be at least 25 years; in single-family houses, the service life is taken at the request of the customer.

As heating devices, it is advisable to use steel radiators or other devices with a smooth surface that cleans the surface from dust. It is allowed to use convectors with air control valves.

To regulate the heat flow in the premises, control valves should be installed near the heating devices. As a rule, automatic temperature controllers (with built-in or remote thermostatic elements) are installed in rooms with permanent residence of people, which ensure the maintenance of the set temperature in each room and save heat supply through the use of internal heat surpluses (domestic heat emissions, solar radiation).

For hydraulic balancing of individual branches of the apartment two-pipe heating system, valves with pre-setting are installed for all heating devices in the apartment.

For the hydraulic stability of the heating system of the building, it is planned to install balancing valves on the main vertical risers for each part of the building, section, and also at each floor distribution manifold.

In buildings with apartment heating systems, the following should be provided:

— installation in the ITP of a closed expansion tank and a filter for the building system with heat supply from heat networks and an autonomous heat source;

- installation of a closed expansion tank and a filter for each apartment with heat supply from an individual heat source.

When open expansion tanks the water in the system is saturated with air, which significantly activates the process of corrosion of the metal elements of the system, air locks are formed in the system.

The pipelines of the apartment heating system can be made of steel, copper, heat-resistant polymer or metal-polymer pipes. In heating systems with pipelines made of polymer or metal-polymer pipes, the parameters of the coolant (temperature and pressure) should not exceed the maximum allowable values ​​specified in the technical documentation for their manufacture. When choosing the parameters of the coolant, it should be taken into account that the strength of polymer and metal-polymer pipes depends on the operating temperature and pressure of the coolant. With a decrease in the temperature and pressure of the coolant below the maximum allowable values, the safety factor and, accordingly, the service life of the pipes increase. Pipelines of apartment heating systems, as a rule, are laid hidden: in strobes, in the floor structure. Open laying of metal pipelines is allowed. In the case of hidden laying of pipelines at the locations of collapsible connections and fittings, hatches or removable shields should be provided for inspection and repair.

When calculating heating devices in each room, at least 90% of the incoming heat from pipelines passing through the room should be taken into account. Heat losses due to cooling of the coolant in uninsulated openly laid horizontal pipelines are taken according to reference data. The heat flow of openly laid pipes is taken into account within:

- 90% with horizontal pipe laying near the floor;

— 70–80% when laying horizontal pipes under the ceiling;

— 85–90% for vertical pipe laying.

Thermal insulation is provided for pipelines laid in the grooves of external walls, in mines and in unheated premises, in floor areas with close placement of four or more pipes in the floor, ensuring an acceptable temperature on the surface.

Accounting for heat energy consumption

Apartment heating systems, on the one hand, provide the most comfortable living conditions that satisfy the consumer, and on the other hand, they allow you to regulate the heat output of heating devices in the apartment, taking into account the mode of residence of the family in the apartment, the need to reduce the cost of paying for heating, etc.

In a building with apartment heating systems, it is planned to account for the heat consumption of the building as a whole, as well as separately for each apartment and public and technical premises located in this building.

To account for the heat consumption of each apartment, the following can be provided: heat consumption meters for each apartment system; heat distributors of evaporative or electronic type on each heater; heat consumption meter at the entrance to the building. With any type of heat metering devices, the tenant's payment should include the total heat costs for the building (heating of staircases, elevator lobbies, service and technical premises).

conclusions

In buildings with increased thermal protection of enclosing structures, apartment heating systems (with automatic thermostats for heating appliances and heat consumption meters both at the entrance to the building and for each apartment) create additional features and incentives for more efficient use of thermal energy. Due to the automatic control of the heat output of heating devices when the heat load in the premises changes and the ability of residents to regulate the heat output of heating devices, taking into account the mode of residence of the family (reducing the air temperature in the premises during the absence of residents, reducing heat losses), savings in thermal energy from 20 to 30% can be achieved. At the same time, consumers' payment for heat will decrease, since the established norms for the consumption of heat energy significantly exceed the actual consumption.

Residents of city apartments are usually not interested in how the heating works in their house. The need for such knowledge may arise when the owners wish to increase the comfort in the house or improve the aesthetic appearance. engineering equipment. For those who are going to start repairs, we will briefly talk about the heating systems of an apartment building.

Types of heating systems for apartment buildings

Depending on the structure, characteristics of the coolant and piping layouts, the heating of an apartment building is divided into the following types:

According to the location of the heat source

• Apartment heating system, in which the gas boiler is installed in the kitchen or in a separate room. Some inconveniences and investments in equipment are more than offset by the ability to turn on and regulate heating at your discretion, as well as low operating costs due to the absence of losses in heating mains. If you have your own boiler, there are practically no restrictions on the reconstruction of the system. If, for example, the owners wish to replace the batteries with warm water floors, there are no technical obstacles to this.
• Individual heating, in which its own boiler room serves one house or residential complex. Such solutions are found both in the old housing stock (stokers) and in new luxury housing, where the community of residents decides when to start heating season.
• Central heating in an apartment building is most common in typical housing.

The device of central heating of an apartment building, heat transfer from the CHP is carried out through a local heat point.

According to the characteristics of the coolant

• Water heating, water is used as a heat carrier. In modern housing with apartment or individual heating, there are economical low-temperature (low-potential) systems, where the temperature of the coolant does not exceed 65 ºС. But in most cases and in all typical houses, the coolant has a design temperature in the range of 85-105 ºС.
• Steam heating of an apartment in an apartment building (water vapor circulates in the system) has a number of significant drawbacks; it has not been used in new houses for a long time, the old housing stock is being transferred to water systems everywhere.

According to the wiring diagram

The main heating schemes in apartment buildings:

• Single-pipe - both the supply and return selection of the coolant to the heating devices is carried out along one line. Such a system is found in "Stalinka" and "Khrushchev". It has a serious drawback: the radiators are arranged in series and, due to the cooling of the coolant in them, the heating temperature of the batteries drops as they move away from the heat point. In order to maintain heat transfer, the number of sections increases in the direction of the coolant. In a pure one-pipe circuit, it is impossible to install control devices. It is not recommended to change the configuration of the pipes, install radiators of a different type and size, otherwise the operation of the system may be seriously impaired.
• "Leningradka" is an improved version of a one-pipe system, which, thanks to the connection of thermal devices through a bypass, reduces their mutual influence. You can install regulating (non-automatic) devices on radiators, replace the radiator with a different type, but with a similar capacity and power.

• The two-pipe heating scheme of an apartment building has become widely used in Brezhnevka, and is still popular to this day. The supply and return lines are separated in it, so the coolant at the entrances to all apartments and radiators has almost the same temperature, replacing radiators with a different type and even volume does not significantly affect the operation of other devices. Batteries can be equipped with control devices, including automatic ones.

On the left - an improved version of the one-pipe scheme (analogous to the "Leningrad"), on the right - a two-pipe version. The latter provides more comfortable conditions, precise regulation and gives more opportunities for replacing the radiator.

• The beam scheme is used in modern non-standard housing. The devices are connected in parallel, their mutual influence is minimal. Wiring, as a rule, is carried out in the floor, which allows you to free the walls from pipes. When installing control devices, including automatic ones, accurate dosing of the amount of heat in the premises is ensured. Technically, both partial and complete replacement of the heating system in an apartment building with a beam scheme within the apartment with a significant change in its configuration is possible.

With a beam scheme, the supply and return lines enter the apartment, and the wiring is carried out in parallel by separate circuits through the collector. Pipes are usually placed in the floor, radiators are connected neatly and discreetly from below

Replacement, transfer and selection of radiators in an apartment building

We will make a reservation that any changes in apartment heating in an apartment building must be coordinated with the executive bodies and operating organizations.

We have already mentioned that the fundamental possibility of replacing and transferring radiators is due to the scheme. How to choose the right radiator for an apartment building? Consider the following:

• First of all, the radiator must withstand pressure, which is higher in an apartment building than in a private one. The greater the number of floors, the higher the test pressure can be, it can reach 10 atm, and in high-rise buildings even 15 atm. The exact value can be obtained from the local operating company. Not all radiators sold on the market have the corresponding characteristics. A significant part of aluminum and many steel radiators are not suitable for an apartment building.
• Is it possible and how much to change thermal power radiator, depends on the applied scheme. But in any case, the heat transfer of the device must be calculated. For one typical section of a cast-iron battery, the heat transfer is 0.16 kW at a coolant temperature of 85 ºС. Multiplying the number of sections by this value, we get the thermal power of the existing battery. The characteristics of the new heater can be found in its technical data sheet. Panel radiators are not assembled from sections, they have fixed dimensions and power.

Average heat transfer data various types radiators, may vary depending on the specific model

• The material also matters. Central heating in an apartment building is often characterized by poor quality of the coolant. Traditional cast-iron batteries are the least sensitive to pollution, aluminum batteries react the worst to aggressive environments. Bimetallic radiators showed themselves well.

Installing a heat meter

A heat meter can be installed without problems with a beam wiring diagram in an apartment. As a rule, modern houses already have metering devices. With regard to the existing housing stock with typical systems heating, this possibility is by no means always available. This depends on the specific scheme and configuration of pipelines, advice can be obtained from the local operating organization.

An apartment heat meter can be installed with a beam and two-pipe wiring diagram, if a separate branch goes to the apartment

If it is not possible to install a metering device for the entire apartment, you can place compact heat meters on each radiator.

An alternative to an apartment meter is heat meters placed directly on each of the radiators

Note that the installation of metering devices, the replacement of radiators, and other changes to the heating device in an apartment building require prior approval and must be carried out by specialists representing an organization that has a license to carry out the relevant work.

Video: how heating is supplied in an apartment building

The transition to apartment heating systems is increasingly typical for new buildings. However, even with centralized heating, new houses are also being built enough. This article is addressed to those who are now looking at new housing and are considering which option is better to stay.

What is this about

The main idea is clear: new house not connected to central heating. What is the result?

1. The developer, thus, saves on the wiring of communications and the installation of heating appliances; in addition, complex calculations and countless agreements with heat energy suppliers are not required.
2. The fact that they do not sell housing with an already concluded contract for the supply of thermal energy should also be beneficial for a potential buyer of an apartment. At a minimum, he himself can choose the source of heat and the temperature regime of heating.

However: in practice, most of the new buildings are rented with pre-installed double-circuit gas boilers. It is clear that their price is included in the cost of housing.

Apartments with connected communications, but without a pre-installed heating system of any type, however, can also be seen for sale. Let's look at both cases.

Gas boiler

It should be said right away: gas REALLY is the cheapest source of heat for heating. At least for now. Let's weigh the pros and cons of this scenario.

Advantages

Practice shows that the difference in payment between centralized heating and autonomous heating, using gas, ranges from 2 to 3 times with the same temperature regime.

Why is DH so expensive?

It is clear that the first, already almost unconditional reflex is to blame the greedy officials for everything. However, the tariffs for heat housing and communal services have, in addition to someone's evil will, and quite sound justification.

• Gas, which is used for the production of heat by boiler houses and thermal power plants, they pay at a higher rate than private individuals.
• Depreciation of equipment has not been canceled. Boilers need periodic repair and maintenance; in addition, the tariffs are forced to include the planned replacement of equipment.
• Annual repairs and planned replacement of heating mains also put a burden on your pocket.
• Your heating system needs to be serviced. This expense item includes the planned replacement and repair of risers, the elimination of radiator leaks, the revision and replacement of valves in the elevator assembly, the verification and boring of the nozzle, the control of the temperature regime of the elevator, and a hundred other works that we often do not notice.
• Finally, all heat losses: on a heating main with torn off thermal insulation, in an open entrance, even in the CHP plant itself, you pay ... that's right, you too.

Another important advantage that an apartment heating system has is independence. It seems that anyone had to freeze at home waiting for the heating to start and suffer from stuffiness on a hot April day. implies that you provide at any time the temperature regime you need, in accordance with ONLY with your own comfort.

Flaws

Of course, not without them.

• Using the removal of combustion products through a coaxial duct to the facade of the house means that it is better not to open the windows once again. The soot that is inevitable during the combustion of gas will get inside the premises.

However: in houses, the design of which was originally optimized for individual heating, there are often more complex scheme operation of boilers: air is taken from the facade, and combustion products are discharged into the ventilation duct, the throughput of which allows all boilers in the riser to operate at full capacity simultaneously.

The photo shows the new building. The façade has air intake ducts.

• Gas consumption in the corner and middle apartments of the house will vary. In the case of central heating, this, albeit somewhat comical, problem of social inequality is solved by the same amount of payment for heat.
• The greater the total amount of gas equipment in the building, the greater the likelihood of a gas leak with the corresponding consequences. Yes, modern boilers are much safer than gas stoves Soviet sample; however, in general, the gas is still explosive.

Apartment without heating equipment: solving the problem of heating

Well, what options are possible when buying an apartment without a pre-installed boiler? Are there heating schemes that are at least close to gas in terms of convenience and efficiency?

Actually, the choice is small. Most of heat sources in a city apartment is not applicable.

• Solid fuel boilers disappear not even because of the need for frequent maintenance, but because there is no place to store firewood and coal in the apartment.
• Solara is VERY loud burner noise and a capacity of at least a couple of cubes. And then, imagine the process of filling it in an apartment building ...
• Heating with electricity (more precisely, direct heating with its help) is very expensive. All energy-saving technologies (heat-insulated floors, infrared radiators, and even more so various electric radiators and others like them) can, at best, reduce costs by a couple of tens of percent. The costs will still be 6-8 times higher than the cost of gas heating.

What remains? Actually, only heat pumps. And only two types - air-air and air-water.

Costs in budget option it is easy to estimate: for example, for a two-room apartment with an area of ​​​​60 squares, two household heat pumps C [email protected] Nordic CH-S09FTXN worth 22,000 rubles each. It was this model that was chosen not only for its low price, but also for its excellent energy efficiency combined with a wide range of operating temperatures for heating (up to -25C).

Let's try to estimate the costs in this case. Do-it-yourself calculations are more than easy:

• According to SNiP, heating 10 m2 requires one kilowatt of thermal power.

Please note: new houses are being built with the active use of energy-saving technologies, so in practice this value can be safely divided by two. However, we will proceed from the worst-case scenario.

• For an apartment of 60 M2, therefore, 6 kilowatts will be required. The rated power of one CH-S09FTXN is 3600 watts; however, the inverter control technology allows flexible power adjustment without stopping and restarting the compressor.
• The C.O.P. parameter, which means the ratio of effective thermal power and electric power, for our air conditioners is 4.2. In order to provide a rated power of 6 kW, they will have to continuously spend 6 / 4.2 = 1.43 kilowatts.

Let us dwell on this value: on the one hand, as practice shows, with a correctly calculated heat output, the AVERAGE power consumption for the heating season does not exceed half of the nominal value, on the other hand, the efficiency of heat pumps depends on the street temperature.

It is clear that at +15 and at -25 per kilowatt-hour of heat taken from the atmospheric air, the cost of electricity will be different.

• At the current cost of a kilowatt-hour, a day of heating will cost 1.43 kW * 4 r / kW / h * 24 hours = 137 rubles. The month is in 4110.

Is it a lot or a little?

On the one hand, the costs seem to be comparable to the costs of central heating. From other sides:

• In reality, in a house with an insulated facade, the costs will be MUCH less.
• The heating season starts when it suits you.
• It is worth considering the future prospects. It is not difficult to predict the exponential rise in fossil fuel prices in the coming years. But electricity prices will grow much more slowly: the energy industry of all countries is switching to renewable sources.

Which heating scheme is better to stop on is, of course, up to you to decide.

How to switch to autonomous heating

Is there an instruction for documenting the transition to autonomous heating for houses with central heating?

Here is an example procedure.

1. The owner of the apartment clarifies the technical possibility of disconnecting the apartment from the central heating. You will have to communicate either with the housing organization, or, which is more reasonable, directly with the heat supplier. The current communal legislation provides for the theoretical possibility of switching to individual heating.
2. Technical conditions for the installation of gas equipment are being prepared - consumption calculation, gas supply drawings, etc. Of course, if you switch to gas. When using electric heating of any type, your path lies to Energosbyt.
3. The act of fire supervision is being prepared. In city apartments, the walls are usually made of non-combustible material, so there should not be any obstacles.
4. If you plan to use a coaxial duct with an outlet to the facade of the building, you will need permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
5. Next, you need to contact a licensed installation company and prepare a package of documents: certificates for the equipment to be installed, installation instructions, a copy of the installers' license, and a service agreement.
6. After the complete installation of the gas heating system, you will have to invite a gas service specialist to connect and start the boiler for the first time. In the case of heat pumps, this, of course, is not necessary.
7. It remains to put the boiler for service and inform the gas service about the transition to autonomous heating.

However: under certain circumstances, the costs and terms of preparing documentation may turn out to be such that a reasonable question arises: is it not easier to exchange an apartment for a cottage?

Conclusion

You can learn a little more about how individual heating can be implemented in an apartment building from the video attached to the article.

Today, the only viable alternative to district heating is the apartment heating system. At the same time, its arrangement requires a significant investment of time, effort and money, but as a result, investments pay off in a quite acceptable period.

In our article, we will analyze the pros and cons of such systems, as well as provide recommendations for their installation.

Feasibility Analysis

Why is centralized heating inefficient?

To date, most apartment buildings have centralized heating systems installed. At the same time, only radiators and supply pipes are placed in the apartments, and the heat carrier is heated at special enterprises (boiler houses and thermal power plants). These enterprises can be located at a significant (up to several kilometers) distance from the point of heat consumption, which causes the key disadvantages of the system.

The low efficiency of centralized heating is explained by such factors:

• Firstly, quite a lot of boiler houses use outdated water heating and steam generating equipment with low efficiency. At the same time, burning a large number fuel leads to an increase in financial costs, and huge volumes of carbon monoxide and other combustion products enter the air.

• Secondly, transporting the coolant over long distances leads to the fact that its temperature is significantly reduced. Heat losses are especially high in winter period, during the most active heating. In part, they are trying to compensate by increasing the temperature of the water supplied to the pipes, but this again leads to a decrease in costs.

Note! According to SNiP, all external pipelines must be equipped with heat-insulating casings. In practice, from a third to a half of heating mains do not have a high-quality heat-saving circuit, so often CHPs heat not so much apartments as the environment.

From the point of view of the recipient of heating as a service, the centralized scheme is also very inconvenient:

• On the one hand, the temperature inside the room is almost impossible to regulate either up or down. So the situation is quite real when you will be forced to wrap yourself in woolen sweaters, waiting for the CHP to raise the temperature of the water in the pipes.
• On the other hand, the issues of the beginning and end of the heating season turn out to be a stumbling block. Yes, there are certain regulations that stipulate the inclusion heating equipment, but they are not flexible, and therefore in late autumn we freeze for at least a week, waiting for the “give warmth”. Well, in the spring you have to open the windows, because the batteries are also not turned off right away.

However, most often the transition to apartment heating is still conditioned by financial considerations. Agree, it is much more logical to independently control the microclimate in the room, and pay only for the fuel used for its intended purpose, and not finance the transportation of hot water through uninsulated pipes.

Advantages and disadvantages of apartment heating

Before deciding on the installation of autonomous heating, it is necessary to analyze its pros and cons.

The strengths of this technology include:

• Relatively fast payback. Due to savings on energy costs, it is possible to completely "go to zero" after five to seven years of system operation.

Note! These terms are valid only in case of rational use of heat. If the boiler works constantly at maximum power, while you open windows to lower the temperature (and even more so turn on the air conditioner), then the savings will be close to zero.

• Comfortable climate control. You yourself set the appropriate temperature in the room, and the boiler will automatically maintain it. The highest quality models can be connected to room thermostats, so that the degree of air heating will not depend on the outside temperature.

• Environmental friendliness. Modern models heating boilers differ as much as possible complete combustion fuel, thus minimizing the amount of emissions into the atmosphere.
• Reduced construction cost. This plus is relevant primarily for construction companies: when laying in an apartment heating project, it is not necessary to allocate funds for the installation of heating mains and connection to the main.

Of course, the system also has disadvantages:

• Firstly, the price of the equipment itself is quite significant. For many, such a one-time investment will be "unsustainable", so they will either have to take out a loan with all the associated risks, or save money for several months.
• Secondly, the installation of heating equipment in buildings where central heating was previously equipped is associated with very laborious bureaucratic procedures.

• Thirdly both during installation and during operation of the system, it is necessary to pay close attention to safety issues. This requirement is especially relevant for gas boilers: you should not install them yourself, because with gas equipment Only employees of certified services are allowed to work.

Arrangement of individual heating

Legal aspects

The very process of switching to autonomous heating must begin with obtaining permits.

An approximate algorithm of work will be as follows:

• To begin with, the technical feasibility is specified. This point is the most difficult, since the operating organizations are extremely reluctant to agree to such a step.

Note! You are more likely to have a judgment in your favor if you consult a lawyer who specializes in such matters. Also, collective applications from the whole house or entrance give good results.

• Next, we turn to the design organization, which should develop specifications for connection, including connection drawings, placement of heating circuits, etc.
• The next step is fire control. If the building is made of non-combustible materials (brick, concrete), then obtaining an act usually does not cause problems.

• Then we purchase equipment (we will talk about the choice in the next section) and contact the installation organization. Its representatives are required to request certificates from you for the compliance of the boiler with accepted standards, therefore, when buying a unit, you need to pay special attention to this.
• Further, the installation itself, the connection of the boiler by the specialists of the gas economy, as well as the registration of the equipment and service are carried out. After that, the operating organization should receive a notification from you about the transition to autonomous heating of the apartment.

Note! Forms of documents must be coordinated with the organization to which you will provide them. Of course, the instruction assumes the existence of a single state standard for the execution of such papers, but very often organizations establish their own internal rules.

Choosing a heating device

For the heating system of the apartment, it is necessary to choose a hot water boiler. And here we need to determine both the power of the device and the type of fuel used - gas or electricity.

As for performance, everything is quite simple here: for heating each square meter the area needs at least 100 kW of boiler power. Therefore, an apartment with an area of ​​​​50 m 2 needs a device of at least 5 kW.

As for gas and electricity, the choice is more difficult to make here. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses, we structured the information in the form of a table:

However, gas devices are still more popular, so they will most likely recommend them to you. On the other hand, electric boilers can also be installed in non-gasified buildings.

Installing Peripherals

Finally, for heating, it is necessary to install pipelines and radiators.

And although there are very few differences from central heating, they are worth paying attention to:

• A feature of individual heating is low pressure in the system and the absence of temperature drops. This leaves its mark on the process of choosing components.
• Yes, instead of steel pipes you can use polymer or metal-plastic products. They are practically not subject to corrosion, but at the same time they have sufficient temperature and deformation resistance.

Note! Part of the pipes can be laid in the floor screed, providing heating of the lower layer of air. This will be more rational than the arrangement of underfloor heating with connection to central heating batteries.

• Radiators can be taken less durable, but more efficient in terms of heat transfer. So, it is the installation of apartment heating that allows the use of aluminum batteries: since water hammering does not threaten the circuits during pressure testing, stability of 25 atmospheres should be enough.

• Also, when installing individual heating, the use of bimetallic radiators. Due to the high heat transfer of such products, it is possible to maintain a lower temperature in the pipes, which allows you not to overpay for gas even in the cold season.

As for the assembly of contours, no difficulties should arise here: metal parts we connect either welded or threaded fittings, and for fastening polyethylene pipes We use high temperature soldering technology.

Advice! Before starting the system, it must be checked for leaks.

Conclusion

Despite the complexity in implementation, apartment heating systems have a number of tangible advantages. So, in order to reduce the cost of heating an apartment, it is quite possible to equip an autonomous heating circuit, following the recommendations given in the article and shown in the video. Of course, the payback period will be considerable, but as a long-term investment, this technology is fully justified.

Today, for consumers of utilities, due to the increase in their cost, apartment heating in an apartment building is becoming more and more relevant. Such heat supply differs from centralized and saves money. In the field of providing heat to residents of multi-storey buildings, certain standards and regulations apply. At the same time, experts note that centralized and apartment heating methods have their own nuances, advantages and disadvantages. The centralized system for supplying coolant and hot water is considered to be predominant, but it has serious disadvantages:

• a specific consumer of a thermal resource (an apartment owner) is not interested in its economical use and does not have the technical capabilities for this;
• transportation of the coolant from the heat source to the final consumer is carried out over long distances and at this stage large heat losses occur.

At the same time, the apartment heating system has the following advantages:

• there is no need to build expensive heating mains;
• the coolant from the place of production to the consumer is delivered without energy loss;
• each apartment owner has the opportunity to use the amount of heat he needs.

Arrangement of apartment heating system

The apartment heating system consists of:

• heat generator, it is also a source of heat supply;
• hot water supply pipelines with water fittings;
• heating pipelines together with heating appliances.

A heat generator room is a public space or a separate room in an apartment for placing a heat generator and other equipment.

The system of apartment heating allows at the national level to save money that needs to be raised for the construction and repair of heating mains. At the same time, each owner of the heating boiler has the opportunity to personally regulate the heat in his apartment without paying fixed prices charged monthly with a centralized system. It is clear that the owner of the living space in warm weather will not turn on the heating.

In addition, central heating, which rises in price from year to year, does not always provide a comfortable temperature in the apartment in cold weather. There may be several reasons for this: an accident on an old worn-out heating main or the heating season, the regional administration decided to start later.

When there is an apartment heating system, in order to set the required temperature for different times of the day, a programmer is used that is connected to modern heating boilers. For example, if the owner
from morning to evening is at work, and there will be no other family members at home, then there is no need to maintain a high temperature in the apartment. The boiler will automatically provide the temperature set at, for example, 18 degrees.

Combined heating system, detailed video:

If we consider existing species heating in an apartment, it should be noted that individual apartment heating is a material incentive aimed at saving heat. For many years, consumers have been told that it is necessary to insulate apartments and windows, and not heat the street. But the exhortations of public utilities remain ineffectual. Now, if available, the amount of payments for gas depends on the degree of insulation of the apartment. Thus, for the owner of living space, a reduction in utility bills becomes a material incentive.

If you have your own double-circuit boiler, usually used when apartment-by-apartment horizontal heating is created in an apartment, residents are provided with both heating and hot water (read also: ""). As a result, when switching to an individual heat supply system, consumers are not threatened with hot water shutdown in the summer, which is so familiar to many residents of large cities.