Dimensions (dimensions) of a brick - height, length and width
According to GOST, spoons, poke, bed are the names of the planes that form the sides of the brick. This building material has a long history. It was used in their work by ancient masons. Years passed, production technologies improved, new types of bricks appeared, but their traditional sizes remained practically unchanged.
The aspect ratio of this material is 1:1/2:1/4. Its proportional dimensions make it possible to provide the necessary strength of the masonry, and is also important. The dimensions of the bricks tied to the standards make it easy to calculate their number for the construction of a particular structure.
Brick dimensions according to GOST - height, length and width
Modern construction does not stand still. With the growth of requirements for the construction of houses, the range of brick sizes has also expanded:
- Single- 250x120x65 mm (fixed by GOST 530-2007). According to the European marking, they have the designation RF.
- Double- 250x120x138 mm.
- One and a half- 250x120x88 mm.
- Modular- 280x130x80 mm.
- Euro bricks h - 250x85x65 mm.
The most popular bricks in Europe are NF (normal) - 240x115x71 and DF (thin) - 240x115x52, less common sizes - 250x85x65 mm and 200x100x50 (65). Today you can buy material up to 500 mm long. Every year the choice of standard sizes grows.
By shape, bricks are divided into:
- corpulent,
- hollow (slit)
However, in addition to the basic dimensions, such as height, length and width, permits for deviations from the norm (defects) are also used. Their size depends on the type of building material - building or facing. More stringent requirements are imposed on the latter, since the aesthetics of the building depend on its characteristics.
For building solid bricks it is allowed:
- The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners no more than 2 and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
- Curvature of faces and edges up to 0.3 cm;
- On the side longitudinal (spoon) faces, a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.
For the building hollow option, it is allowed:
- No more than 2 bruises at the corners or ribs 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
- Full thickness cracks on the bed. In width, they can reach the first row of voids;
- One crack each on bonder and spoon (transverse side) faces.
For facing bricks it is not allowed:
- Chipped corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
- The presence of cracks;
- Broken ribs, the width of which is more than 0.3 cm, and the length exceeds 1.5 cm.
In this case, a facing material is considered suitable for work, having:
- No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
- Department of handwriting, which in total does not exceed the length of 4 cm;
- No more than 1 broken ribs, in depth - not exceeding 3 cm, and in length - not more than 1.5 cm.
Architectural design often involves the use of different textures and colors. Modern choice of building materials is almost limitless. If desired, artificially aged, colorful and textural options can be combined in masonry without compromising the durability of the house.
One and a half and double bricks are produced mainly hollow. This reduces the weight of the structure.
The most popular in modern construction are porous large-sized blocks. Ceramic brick is lighter and warmer than the usual building option. Its use allows you to simplify and speed up construction, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition.
For laying 1 m 3, 512 single-type bricks will be required, and one-and-a-half bricks are 26% more - 378 pieces.
Red, silicate and facing bricks - dimensions and purpose
According to the type of material are divided into:
- Red (ceramic).
This type of building materials is obtained by firing briquettes from pressed clay. This is a versatile material. It is widely used in the construction of foundations, wall structures, partitions, fences, laying furnaces. Solid red brick comes in the following grades - 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The grade indicates how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg / cm 2). The weight of 1 cubic meter of this material is 1700 kg (480 pieces).
- White (silicate).
It is produced on a silicate basis. Compared to red brick, it is a softer and lighter material with lower strength than its red counterpart. In addition, the silicate version is inferior to the red one in versatility. It can only be used in the construction of walls and partitions. It is not recommended to use white brick as a material for the foundation and plinth, for laying fireplaces and stoves.
By appointment:
- Private.
A brick that provides the performance characteristics of the masonry.
- Clinker.
It is characterized by low water absorption and high strength, which ensures proper masonry performance even in highly aggressive environments. Clinker brick perfectly copes with the functions of a decorative material.
- Chamotte (refractory).
For domestic purposes, the refractory fireclay version is most often used, which is marked "Sh". For example, W-5 has dimensions of 230x114x65 mm, W-6 - 230x115x40 mm, W-8 - 250x124x65 mm.
- Facing.
Facing brick can be chopped, smooth, imitating wild camel. Below are the main dimensions:
- 290x140x85 mm;
- 250x85x65 mm;
- 250x120x88 mm;
- 250x80x65 mm;
- 250x60x65 mm;
- 250x120x65 mm.
In addition to rectangular bricks, they can be wedge-shaped. This type of building materials is used in the laying of vaults and semicircular arches of different curvature radii. End wedge Sh-22 has dimensions of 230x114x65/55 mm, and for example end wedge Sh-45 - 230x114xx65/45 mm.
The use of decorative (facing) bricks allows you to perform flawless laying of external walls, as well as to produce interior decoration. When using facing bricks for interior walls, special attention should be paid to stitching seams.