DIY frame house
The construction of frame houses is becoming more and more popular in Russia. All new technologies are being introduced into the construction of such structures, and no matter what technology - Finnish or Canadian - a house is being built. In this article, we will tell you how to build a frame house with your own hands, give step-by-step instructions, as well as diagrams, photos and videos of phased construction.
Foundation
Since frame houses are recommended to be built no higher than two floors, a massive foundation is not required for them. A tape, prefabricated from concrete blocks, columnar foundation is suitable. The most important thing is that they fulfill their main purpose - to ensure the rigidity of the frame in space.
To do this, reliable and durable reinforcement is used in a strip foundation, and a wooden or concrete grillage is used in a columnar foundation.
Frame installation
Frame houses are built using wooden or metal structures. With independent construction, the latter are rarely used, they increase the cost of construction by 40-45%, but their use allows you to save financial costs on the construction of the foundation, this is due to the lightness of metal structures.
A wooden frame is best erected from oak, but it is possible from other types of wood. The beam must be from high-quality wood with a cross section of at least 150x150 mm. Corner joints must not have gaps. Choose a tongue-and-groove connection method.
Note! A metal joint is undesirable, as wood rots when in contact with metal. Over time, such fasteners will weaken, and the house will begin to loosen. Wooden dowels provide reliable and durable fastening, and this guarantees a long service life of the frame house.
The frame must be braced, they give the house rigidity. The technology of building a frame house provides for the installation of three braces. They are made from the same material as the racks.
Outside, the house is sheathed with boards or clapboard with a width of not more than 60 mm and at an angle of 45 °. Old masters do not advise to nail them firmly, for the first year of operation they can swell and dry out.
Floor
The manufacture of the floor of a frame house begins with the laying of a wooden beam with a section of 150x50 mm along the perimeter of the walls.
Note! It must first be treated with an antiseptic solution.
It is necessary to lay the timber on the roofing material, and fasten it every two meters with anchor bolts. Pay special attention to setting the corners, check them with a level. Possible deviation 10 mm.
First, logs are mounted, then a rough floor is made from a cheap edged board, insulation is laid between the logs, and then floorboards are mounted.
Walls
After installing the floor, you can start building walls. It is best to make them in sections. They are assembled on a dry surface from a bar, equal in length to the height of the future room. You choose the width of the step for installing the beams yourself, usually it is 300.400, 600 mm.
Note! All wooden parts of a frame house must be of the same type of wood.
Window
According to accepted building codes, windows should be 18% of the wall area. Try to stick to these sizes. In a house for year-round use, it is better to install double-glazed windows with a large glass area.
Roof
The roof frame is the main part of the entire structure of the house. The frame accounts for most of the mechanical load. It must be made according to accepted rules from high-quality material. If you do all this, you will have a reliable and durable roof. Roofing material, insulation and waterproofing material you choose yourself, based on your financial capabilities.
It is not difficult to build a frame house, you just need to follow all the rules prescribed by this technology. Then in the end you will get a beautiful and warm, reliable and durable home.
What and how to insulate the house
Insulation of a frame house depends on what role it will play. If you are building a house for permanent residence, then the insulation must be appropriate. The house is a structure of racks arranged vertically, fastened with horizontal bars.
Note! In the voids between the bars, a heat-insulating material is mounted, which is lined with various finishing details on top.
What thermal insulation and finishing material you will use depends largely on the climatic conditions of your place of residence. There are tables indicating what thermal conductivity different materials have. For example, a 4 cm layer of polystyrene foam replaces 14 cm of wood or 86 cm of brick.
Video
We offer you to watch a series of videos about the construction of a frame house: