Where does the construction of a house begin?

Having decided to build their own house or cottage, private developers are faced with a set of issues. A certain difficulty is the solution of a number of organizational tasks, among which the first positions are occupied by the correct choice of a construction site, as well as obtaining the necessary documents. It is important to choose a contractor, purchase building materials in a timely manner and draw up an action plan. The building must be erected after all issues have been resolved. Let's dwell on some of the nuances.

General information about housing construction

The erection of buildings intended for residential and commercial purposes on their own territory is called individual housing construction (IZHS).

It provides for the construction of the following types of buildings:

• residential cottage;
• private house;
• cottage building;
• frame extension to an existing building.

In the process of IZHS, not only the construction of walls and the foundation of a residential building is carried out, but also the construction of a superstructure that increases the number of storeys. Private developers simultaneously with the construction of the house carry out the construction of additional buildings - garages, baths, outbuildings. Prior to the start of construction activities, it is necessary to draw up land documents, develop a site plan, and obtain a building permit from local authorities.

More and more people want to build their own house

Preparatory stage of construction

Beginning developers are interested in where to start building a house. There are no trifles in this matter. At the preparatory stage, it is important to decide on the following points:

• design of the future building and its harmonious perception in the exterior. It is important to maintain the general style of the territory, which creates a holistic perception;
• time of year for construction activities. Given the duration of the work, it is advisable to start construction in the spring when the temperature rises to 5-8 ° C;
• building material used to build walls. The amount of expenses, the internal microclimate, the stability of the building, as well as its service life depend on the right choice;
• construction contractor. Independent implementation of construction activities will reduce the estimated cost, and the involvement of professionals will reduce the duration of construction;
• possible amount of funding. The amount of costs is affected by the design features of the structure, the type of foundation, the design of the roof, as well as the presence of a basement, a bathhouse, an attached garage.

Quite often, dilapidated buildings are located at the construction site. In this case, it is necessary to carry out the following work:

• disconnect the utilities connected to them in agreement with the relevant services;
• dismantle dilapidated buildings and report this to the technical inventory bureau;
• clear the territory of debris left after dismantling and plan the territory.

It is not recommended to independently engage in designing a house, as well as planning a plot of a country house.

Plot for the future home - selection criteria

The implementation of plans for the construction of a house can be started after the acquisition of a land plot. It is important to properly complete the transaction and obtain documents confirming ownership.

When buying land, consider the following factors:

• distance from the location of the site to the city center. Preferably, the location of the site within the boundaries of the settlement or at a distance of no more than 15 km from it;
• the size of the land. You should focus on the proportion adopted in construction, according to which the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building being erected is no more than one tenth of the total area;
• location in the immediate vicinity of schools, kindergartens, medical institutions and retail outlets. In the presence of children in the family and year-round living, the proximity of infrastructure is one of the determining factors;
• condition of access roads. The presence of highways with high-quality asphalt pavement and proximity to bus, trolleybus or tram stops will allow you to quickly get home and to work;
• availability of engineering networks on the site. Location in the immediate vicinity of water supply lines, power supply lines and sewer networks will allow you to quickly put the facility into operation;

It is necessary to buy a plot on which the house will be built and properly draw up a legal deal

• ecological situation in the area. It is advisable to use for construction sites located at a considerable distance from industrial enterprises, treatment facilities, swamps, and garbage dumps;
• the nature of the soil. The ability of the soil to perceive the load from the mass of the building determines the number of storeys and the design of the building, and also affects the choice of building material and the type of foundation used;
• the presence of capital structures on the construction site. They may need to be dismantled. This will increase the amount of cash costs and increase the duration of construction activities.

When purchasing a plot, instruct the specialists to check the correctness of the paperwork, as well as the compliance of the overall dimensions and area with the data indicated in the cadastral passport.

Development of a house project

At the preparatory stage, study the best projects of frame houses, as well as capital residential buildings. This will make it easier to decide on the design of the future home. A project is required for construction.

Possible options:

• purchase a standard project at an affordable price, which will reduce the amount of cash costs;
• perform individual design by professional architects;
• to carry out the development independently with the skills of design.

Any adjustments made to the project directly on the construction site will inevitably lead to an increase in the estimate and time.

Mandatory sections of project documentation:

• working sketches that provide general information about the design of the future building and its device;
• the architectural part, detailing the dimensions and relative position of the interior, the placement of bathrooms and utility rooms;
• a constructive section containing engineering calculations and giving an idea of ​​the structure of the foundation, the features of walls and roofs;
• the engineering part, which provides information on the wiring of electrical cables, water pipes, sewers, ventilation networks and heating mains.

Professional builders focus on the following points:

• the possibility, in the future, of increasing the area of ​​the building by increasing the number of storeys and implementing an extension to the capital structure. A powerful foundation again and reinforced floor beams will be able to withstand the additional load;
• responsible approach to the implementation of design work. It is important to provide for the features of connecting engineering communications and coordinate with the owners of neighboring plots the connection to public highways;
• expediency of carrying out topographic survey on the territory of the land plot. A clear fixation of the boundaries will avoid problematic situations with the owners of neighboring plots.

It is prohibited to carry out construction work in the absence of project documentation. The corresponding permit is issued only on the basis of a preliminary developed project.

After taking into account all the features of your future residence, you need to contact the designer

How to get a building permit for a private or country house

The list of documentation for obtaining permits includes:

• application of the owner of the site with a request to grant a building permit;
• project documentation and documents confirming the right of ownership;
• cadastral passport of the land plot and act on land surveying.

The completeness of the documentation provided varies by region. It is advisable to clarify the list of documents in local administrations. It is also necessary to carry out a survey of the territory, conduct a topographic survey, obtain a construction passport, and also coordinate a plan of construction activities with the relevant authorities.

Site preparation

Developers are interested in the question of how to start building a house on the site. Take care of earthworks first:

1. Remove vegetation.
2. Plan the area.
3. Remove the soil for pouring the base.

After removing the soil, proceed to concreting the foundation.

Many experts advise to conduct a geological study at the time of site selection.

Installation of temporary structures at the location of the house

Before the start of construction activities, take care of the construction on the territory of temporary buildings:

• storage facilities for tools;
• change houses for overnight stay, meals and rest;
• capital toilet with a cesspool or dry closet.

As a change house, you can use a ready-made trailer or independently build a light frame room.

We erect a fence of the future building on the site

It is advisable to secure the area of ​​the site before the start of construction work. As an inexpensive fence is used:

• Rabitz;
• unedged board;
• croaker.

For the construction of a capital fence, it is necessary to prepare the foundation for the fence. Many developers use corrugated board, which reliably encloses the construction site.

The last stage of preparation for construction is the choice of a construction company

How to plan and prepare a construction site

When planning a construction site, several criteria should be followed:

• the convenience of the location of access roads;
• proper placement of utility and household premises;
• allocation of a site for temporary storage of construction waste.

Construction of the foundation for the building

Foundation concreting is an important area of ​​work. The following points affect the type of foundation:

• the nature of the soil;
• freezing level;
• building features;
• the presence of a basement.

For the manufacture of the base of the building is used:

• brick;
• stone;
• blocks;
• piles;
• reinforced concrete.

The site is ready - it's time to build the foundation

The main stages of the construction of the foundation:

1. Filling the pit with a sand-gravel mixture 10 cm thick.
2. Installation of shield formwork.
3. Foundation reinforcement.
4. Pouring concrete solution.

The stability of the buildings under construction is ensured by a tape, pile or monolithic foundation.

Preservation of the building at various stages of work

In the process of building a house, it becomes necessary to preserve the unfinished construction due to the financial situation or weather conditions. The following parts of the building are conserved:

• foundation;
• plinth;
• walls.

It is important to protect the unfinished structure from moisture by performing waterproofing work. For waterproofing, polyethylene, concrete primer, wooden shields are used.

Immediately after the construction of the foundation, they begin to build walls and install floors.

Mistakes in the process of preparing for construction

Professionals draw the attention of novice builders to typical mistakes:

• execution of construction works without project documentation;
• the use of low-quality and cheap building materials;
• construction of the foundation without soil studies.

The lack of a pre-composed construction estimate and engineering communications schemes are also the causes of unforeseen situations.

How to start building a house - economic aspects

Before starting construction, it is important to determine the estimated cost of the work, taking into account the following factors:

• project features;
• the cost of the materials used;
• structural features of the building.

Properly performed economic calculations will allow you to plan the rational use of funds at all stages of construction.

The nuances of acquiring material

When purchasing building materials, be guided by the quantity indicated in the estimate and project documentation. Consider the following factors:

• availability of certificates of conformity;
• the image of the manufacturer;
• manufacturer's warranty;