How to make an estimate for construction and repair? Nuances and examples of compilation

In life, we are all a little estimators. When visiting a store, we estimate the budget for purchases.

Going on vacation, we sit down at the calculator so that by the time we return, we will not be left without money. If we are talking about large expenses associated with the construction or repair of a house, the approach to calculations should be especially responsible.

Looking at the estimate compiled by the construction organization, a beginner can understand at best half of what is written there. Planned savings, overheads, depreciation - this abracadabra confuses an inexperienced customer.

The one who has become adept at the intricacies of estimated puzzles easily leads the contractor to the “clean water”, saving a lot of money. Therefore, we will consider the question of how to draw up an estimate for construction or repair correctly and in detail.

How is the budget made?

There is really nothing difficult in drawing up a budget. This document simply systematizes, "sorts out" all the costs of the upcoming construction or repair. It is for this reason that the calculation must be very careful. If you do it superficially, then the actual figure may exceed the planned costs by several times.

Therefore, arm yourself with a calculator and a pen, be patient and sit for an hour or two so that the estimate for construction work takes into account not only the main volumes, but also all the little things that accompany them.

Three main positions of any estimate– materials, work and transport. At a large construction site, they are joined by the cost of electricity, the operation of machinery and equipment (leased or own contractor).

If you build a house yourself, attracting a team of workers and personally paying for the work of machines and mechanisms, then cost accounting becomes easier. All the markups typical of contractors are eliminated, and the number of calculation points is reduced to a minimum.

In this case, it is enough for you to “estimate” the scope of the forthcoming work, from which you can then easily extract materials and costs for payment for work and transport delivery.

Sample budgeting

We will not delve too deeply into the theory, but will immediately move on to the example of calculating the cost of building a building from foam blocks.

A well-composed estimate for the construction of a house is divided into stages, for each of which a separate cost calculation is made. Obviously, such technological stages will be earthworks, foundations, walls, floors and roofs.

In earthworks, there are no materials, but only work and mechanisms. Therefore, we immediately determine the volume of soil that needs to be taken out under the foundation. To do this, multiply the depth of the trench by its total length.

Let's say that we got 100 m3 of soil. Now let's move on to estimating the cost of the work. If an excavator will dig a trench, you need to take the cost of one machine hour of this machine and multiply it by the duration of digging the trench. So the first line appears in our estimate:

1. Earthworks:

1200 rubles per hour x 4 hours = 4800 rubles.

However, there are some nuances here. You will also have to pay for the delivery of the excavator to the construction site. This amount must be obtained from the contractor in advance and included in the estimate.

Different machines have different performance. Therefore, determine in advance what kind of excavator you need (bucket width, volume of soil removed in 1 hour of work).

The excavated soil will have to be leveled over the site, and part of it will have to be poured back into the "bosoms" of the trench and compacted. Who will do it? If you do not want to personally transfer tons of land, just pay the money to the builders.

The final part of the estimate for earthworks includes the cost of backfilling and soil planning:

• Excavation 1200 rubles / hour x 6 hours = 7200 rubles. + delivery of the excavator 1200 rubles = 8400 rubles.
• Backfilling and soil leveling 30 m3 x 200 rubles/m3 = 6000 rubles.

If the site is uneven and a full-scale vertical planning is planned on it (filling holes and cutting hills), then it is better to transfer the land from the foundation to the last item of the estimate. It's called vertical planning and landscaping.

Having finished with the ground, let's move on to the rubble foundation, as the most economical option for the foundation.

Here we again need to determine the scope of work. We calculated the underground part when we were working on the ground. Now you need to add to it the volume of the foundation, which will be above the ground level. Let's say that in the end we got 140 m3.

We decompose this figure into the volume of rubble, sand and cement that make up the foundation. For reinforcement, we also need reinforcement. We do not consider the formwork, since the builders will do the masonry above "zero" without it.

2. Foundation

materials

1. Sand for bedding 5 m3 x 900 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 4500 rubles.
2. Crushed stone for bedding (fraction 20-40 mm) 5 m5 x 2500 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 12,500 rubles.
3. Booth - 80 m3 x 2300 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 184,000 rubles.
4. Sand for the foundation - 40 m3 x 900 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 36,000 rubles.
5. Cement - 20 tons x 3600 rubles / ton + delivery 5000 rubles. = 77,000 rubles.
6. Fittings - 2 tons x 22,000 rubles / ton + delivery of 3,000 rubles. = 47,000 rubles.

Transport

1. Delivery of cement 5000 rub.
2. Delivery of fittings 3000 rub.

Sand and gravel are sold including shipping costs, so we will not single out transport in a separate line, but simply note this in the estimate. Cement and fittings are brought by hired transport. Therefore, the cost of their transportation should be attributed to the "Transport" column.

What can you save on here? Of course, by combining the delivery of cement and rebar. To do this, you need to hire one car and bring these materials on it. It is better to bring sand and crushed stone with a dump truck of maximum carrying capacity in order to reduce the number of trips.

Work

It includes the backfilling of a sand and gravel cushion, the preparation of a solution for pouring a rubble foundation and the process of layer-by-layer concreting of the masonry. Having studied the market prices, it is best to stop at the complex. It takes into account all related operations and occupies two lines of our estimate:

The general estimate for the foundation device will look like this:

The following is an example of a simple estimate for a columnar foundation. compiled by the builder. All scopes of work, costs and prices are posted here on separate lines. The document is easy to read and parse.

The compiler's mistake lies in the fact that he did not single out the cost of the work in a separate article, but attributed it to the price of additional materials! This also "by some miracle" got technical inspection, a kind of "registration chamber" and other expenses not related to construction.

Do not repeat such mistakes if you want to clearly see all your expenses.

It should be noted that the calculation of estimates requires knowledge of the technology of construction work. Without this, it is impossible to describe the upcoming costs in detail and competently. For example, the facade of a building can be faced with stone, decorative brick, finished with plaster or a blockhouse. Each of the listed works includes a number of specific operations.

Hip roofing is also performed in different ways, each of which involves the use of special technologies and materials. Therefore, before drawing up an estimate, do not be too lazy to carefully study the production cycle that you will have to evaluate.

Drawing up a budget for repairs

In principle, the estimate for repairs does not differ from the calculation of the cost of capital construction. Only materials and technologies change. The principle of counting remains the same.

First you need to thoroughly study the upcoming work (main and auxiliary) in order to understand the set of operations and the need for materials.

For a sample, consider drawing up an estimate for the redecoration of the living room. "Cosmetics" does not involve the replacement of floors, the transfer of partitions and the installation of suspended ceilings. Therefore, the calculation will not be as complicated as with a major reconstruction.

We took the cost of work and materials as conditional so as not to be tied to market prices, which vary significantly depending on the region.

There will be no such article as the operation of mechanisms during cosmetic repairs if you do not rent a plastering station or a spray gun. Builders bring their power tool to the site and include its depreciation in the prices.

In addition to finishing materials, you will have to buy “consumables” (rollers, brushes, sandpaper, respirators, gloves), which can be attributed to the “Materials” article.

You can save on repairs, but not at the expense of the quality of materials, but by organizing competent “logistics” of delivery. Therefore, you should not go to the store every day for different little things. It is necessary in advance, together with the builders, to draw up a detailed list of everything you need, and purchase everything at once.