How to make a house frame from a bar: tips from the masters

Frame technology is extremely popular in private low-rise construction. Such a structure has a small weight, and, therefore, does not require a deep foundation, it is built quite quickly, and is suitable for the construction of both temporary and stationary dwellings.

Features of a frame house

The basis of such a building is a light frame structure, consisting of the upper and lower trim, bearing racks, struts and special elements for window and door openings. A typical project is a two-story building, in which the second floor is an attic. The device of the object is quite simple, does not require the use of special construction equipment and can be built by hand.

The foundation for a frame house is quite simple to make. A tape shallow or columnar is being constructed. Its main task is to create a rigid base for the lower frame. Greater structural strength is provided by anchors or studs fixed during pouring for assembling the lower harness.

Before making a frame from a bar, the foundation stands for at least 7 days. Full concrete strength is reached after 4 weeks, but usually 7 days is enough to start work.

Materials and tools

• Wooden beam - usually elements with a cross section of 150 * 150 mm are used for the lower and upper strapping, even if it is supposed to build a house frame from a 100x100 mm beam. For load-bearing racks, material with a cross section of 50 * 100 mm is used, and for corner racks - 100 * 100 mm.

During the construction of seasonal housing or outbuildings, a frame made of boards is allowed. The point here is not so much in the strength of the structure, but in the insufficient thermal insulation of thin boards.

The frame of the wooden beam must be made of the same wood. Different rocks have different coefficients of expansion, which will inevitably lead to mutual destruction of the elements. Oak is considered the best material, but other hardwoods are also used.

Nails, anchor bolts, nuts with wide washers are used for fastening - to prevent the nut from sinking into the wood. However, if there is little carpentry experience, professionals advise using dowel fasteners, since wood in contact with metal rots much more intensively. In addition, wood shrinks and metal fasteners weaken over time. Making dowels is a simple matter.

• Antiseptics for wood processing, casein glue.
• Plumb lines, building corner.

• Carpentry tools - standard set.
• A winch may be needed. Assembly and installation of a frame from a bar can be carried out in a vertical or horizontal position. The latter method is considered the best, as it allows you to observe the exact verticality and horizontality of the elements. But in this case, you will need a winch to lift the finished structure and secure it.

Mounting technology

Before construction, wood must be treated with antiseptics from all sides, including the ends. It will not be superfluous to treat with flame retardants. If the humidity of the tree is high - natural drying, then it should be mounted as soon as possible and immediately sheathed with OSB.

The surface of the grillage or strip foundation must be flat. If the height differences are more than 1 cm, it must be leveled, wait at least 7 days, and then start work.

1. Before assembling the strapping with your own hands, you need to waterproof the foundation.
2. To build a wall frame from a 150x150 beam, a lower trim is erected. To do this, the tree is laid on the surface of the foundation and fixed with anchor bolts with a distance of 1–2.4 m, or with twists to anchors built into the foundation.
3. In the corners, the timber is interconnected by a sample in half a tree or in a paw. Fasteners are carried out with dowels made of wood, for which holes for the dowel are drilled in the docking areas. You have to watch very carefully. so that the resulting support frame is strictly rectangular. In the photo - the finished bottom strapping.
4. Corner posts are fixed first. If a dowel was used to connect the tree, then the support is mounted on the dowel, for which a hole must be made before installation. If on nails, then the rack is attached with metal corners. The supports are fixed with braces.
5. The rest of the racks can be installed with a cut or on metal corners. The step between them is 0.5–0.6 m. Additional ones are placed in areas where an internal partition adjoins the outer wall. Window and door openings also require reinforcement.
6. Do-it-yourself timber frame is reinforced with braces - diagonal ligaments. For them, a board is selected from the same wood with a width of 1/3 or ½ of the width of the frame.
7. The upper harness is mounted on the ends of the vertical racks in the same way as the racks were fixed to the bottom - either with a notch or on metal corners. The bars are connected to each other by a notch.
8. When the upper trim is ready, the assembly of the floor beams begins. Boards are recommended to be fixed with a cut - 30-50%.
9. Heat-insulating material is laid in the construction cells. The thickness and type of heat insulator must comply with the requirements of the region for insulation. For example, a 40mm thick EPS sheet provides the same level of insulation as 45mm rock wool, 140mm timber, or 860mm red brick.

The video explains in more detail how to make a frame structure.