- (Nut wrench) a tool for unscrewing and tightening nuts. Samoilov K.I. Marine Dictionary. M. L .: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

A tool for screwing and unscrewing nuts, various plugs and plugs, fittings, etc. Depending on the shape and device of the working end, a trace is distinguished. types of G. to .: 1) one-sided, 2) two-sided, 3) overhead, 4) end, 5) ... Technical railway dictionary

wrench- - Topics oil and gas industry EN key screwspanner wrench ...

Hand tool for screwing and unscrewing bolts, screws, nuts and other parts. Consists of a jaw or contour protrusion for gripping parts and a handle. There are wrenches simple one - and double-sided, bicycle, ring, ... ... Encyclopedia of technology

A hand tool widely used in metalwork assembly work for wrapping and unscrewing bolts, nuts and other screw connections. G. to. has a pharynx or contour protrusions and recesses with which products can be captured. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Hand tool for screwing and unscrewing nuts and screws. There are G. to. simple one-sided and double-sided, for round nuts, adjustable, end, rotary, limit (with a ratchet that limits the tightening force), dynamometric, etc. ... ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary

wrench for butt bolts- - Topics oil and gas industry EN fish bolt spanner ... Technical Translator's Handbook

open end wrench double ended- [GOST 2839 80] Topics assembly EN double ended open spanner … Technical Translator's Handbook

wrench with parallel edges- — Topics oil and gas industry EN across flat spanner … Technical Translator's Handbook

socket wrench with hexagon socket double-ended- [GOST 25789 83] Topics assembly EN double head hexagon socket wrench ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• Metal constructor "Railway" 860 elements (00948) , . Metal constructor. Number of parts: 860. Completeness of the set: - bar with 15 holes - 15 pieces; - bar with 10 holes - 38 pieces; - bar with 5 holes - 18 pieces; - bar ...
• Screwdriver set Jiggy "Young modeller" (132 elements) (67555) , . Cribli Boo's Jiggy constructor can be used to build one of two various models Vehicle(models can be built one at a time). The instructions show how to build two...

- this is the main working tool of an equipment repairman, car mechanic, plumber and any other specialist in almost all areas of activity related to the repair and operation of machinery and equipment. many kinds wrenches useful to have in everyday life for small home repairs, the rest are more specialized. Consider the features of the main types of keys used in modern industry.

open-end wrenches

Let's start with the most commonly used open-end wrenches or, according to GOST, open-end wrenches. They are an open key with a standard metric (as a rule) size between the jaws, shaped like horns. For ease of use, the longitudinal axes of the head and handle are at an angle of 15 °, but there are other options. The designation of the key is according to the size of the distance between the jaws in mm. For example - 9.18, 22, etc. There are one- and two-sided open-end wrenches. In the first case, the key has one head and a handle. Double-sided - two heads from 2 ends of the handle and different sizes close in a row, for example - 22/24, 10/12, etc.

ring wrenches

Ring wrenches, also called ring wrenches. These types of wrenches, the photo of which is presented below, are devoid of the main disadvantage of open-end wrenches - small contact zones. The head has contact with the entire nut, the wrench has a smaller size than a similar open-end wrench and, accordingly, it is more convenient to use and transport. The key profile can have 6 or 12 edges. The latter is more convenient due to the smaller angle of rotation for work - 30 ° instead of 60 ° for the hex. The ring wrench can be flat, bent (15°) or bent.

Combined keys

Combination wrenches are available, as a rule, in the version of double-ended open-end and box. These types of wrenches are among the most popular due to the fact that the user has the opportunity to use universal tool devoid of the shortcomings of each of them separately. There are other options for combined wrenches, for example, an open-end wrench, but by default, a combined open-end wrench is considered.

Adjustable wrenches

An adjustable wrench, or an open-end wrench with a variable distance between the jaws, has the ability to adjust the working size depending on the size of the nut. Easy to use due to its versatility, the ability not to carry a whole set of open-end wrenches. But it also has some disadvantages, in particular the relatively large head size. More suitable in everyday life or for low-intensity professional activities.

Pipe wrenches

Pipe wrenches (gas, plumbing) are widely used for plumbing work, laying and repair engineering communications. main feature design is the adjustable movement of the lower jaw to the exact size of the part. Thanks to special cuts, the pipe wrench can be used to work with round parts, such as pipes.

balloon keys

Balloon wrenches are included in the kit of any motorist and professional and are designed for changing wheels and other work. They are a socket wrench with an elongated handle and a mounting blade at the end. The most popular are balloon wrenches with a cruciform handle, each end of which is equipped with a separate head.

Hex Keys

Unlike all of the above types, hex keys are designed for nuts with internal edges, such as confirmats (furniture self-tapping screws). They are a steel hexagonal bar with a bend for convenient operation. Sizes range from 1.5 to 24 mm, sold both individually and in sets.

Of course, this is not all existing species keys. When choosing a type, take into account the specifics of the work performed, the requirements for the dimensions of the tool and the size of the gripping head. And be sure to pay attention to the measurement system - inch or metric, especially when choosing an imported tool.

The open-end wrench still does not lose its relevance. The reason is that so far no cheaper and easy way that allows you to unscrew or fasten the nut. There is no need to come up with something new. After all, you can always improve a classical instrument. Consider what such a tool is and what its functions are.

Directly about the open-end wrench

Open-end wrench has many modifications. For each technique, the manufacturer makes its own carob products. This avoids self repair, which forces a person to carry the product to specialized centers.

The official name of such a key should be looked for in GOST, where it is referred to as an open-end wrench. Longitudinal axis heads located at an angle of 15 or 75 degrees. This is necessary to facilitate work in a limited or narrow space.

The product is simple and versatile, this is its main advantage. At the same time, there is a serious disadvantage, which consists in the presence of only two contacts located close to each other. Too much pressure leads to the destruction of the corners. The solution to this problem lies in the production of special nut kits. Various manipulations are performed with the horns, namely:

1. They are shortened in order to apply less effort;
2. Making tools with bulges;
3. Changes directly in the notch itself;
4. Combination of the above changes in one product.

Due to this, the use of keys becomes more convenient and efficient. The universal open-end wrench allows you to work with any kind of bolts and nuts, even very complex shapes. It also works well with a power wrench. It has a very good design, thickened. The second end is very convenient for hitting it with a sledgehammer. Such wrenches allow you to unscrew damaged and rusted nuts without fear of damaging the tool itself.

Ring and slot keys

Let's start with the cap, or ring type of product. The name corresponds to the ring working area designed to grip a bolt or nut. Due to this, the cap version affects all six points. We also highlight some of the features of the cap element:

At the same time, there is one important nuance: slotted structures are not considered separate view. This is just a modification of the ring element. A slot in the ring of such a tool allows you to grab a nut closed by a rod from the end.

Combined options are deservedly popular among motorists. They combine open-end and ring heads for improved performance. best design will be like this, where the heads are rotated with respect to each other by 90 degrees. This will help the master in his work, as he will rest his palm on the wide part of the device.

Adjustable and socket wrench

Despite the convenience of using an adjustable wrench in everyday life, motorists prefer to avoid it. The reason for this is a large and uncomfortable head, which during the movement creates a not very weak backlash. Because of this, the corners of the nuts are smoothed out and the mechanism of the movable sponge wears out.

But the end version with interchangeable heads is more convenient. These designs are made in the form of two hexagons at the ends, in the shape of the letter L. The dimensions can be the same, because the task is to unscrew the tight nut without taking into account the large torque. If the nut has a convenient location, then use the end with a large turn.

End elements are produced with a recess of 12 faces. Sometimes hexagonal and dodecahedral recesses are combined in one product. There are varieties in the shape of the letter T or cross design, as well as with interchangeable heads, which greatly facilitate the work of the mechanic and reduce the size of the set.

In conclusion, it is worth saying that the open-end wrench can be made in various modifications. Each of them is used in certain cases. Since most often you have to work with nuts in car repair shops, it is best to use end options. They are much more convenient and have interchangeable blocks in their set. In addition, you can pick up cross modifications that allow you to unscrew even the oldest and rusted nut. In other cases, you can use ring products that have a practical manufacturing option and convenient use in any space. Carefully choose the keys for technical work!

All about wrenches - types and classification

Wrench - it would seem that such a simple tool, which can not be said much. However, as it turned out, this is surprising a simple tool a lot can be said. In this article we will try to tell everything related to wrenches - their types, purpose, what keys are made of, and so on, where they can somehow appear.

The main types of wrenches

So, let's start with the most important thing - the types of wrenches that exist today. So, until recently there were only 3-4 types of keys, but by today, their number has slightly increased due to a slight “modernization”. Well, wrenches have the following types:

open end wrenches;

Ring wrenches;

Combination wrenches;

Adjustable wrenches.

Well, let's look at all types of wrenches, in order. As you can see, the topic for discussion is very, very large.

open end wrenches

Perhaps the most common type of wrench, which has become a kind of symbol of this tool. So, open-end wrenches have existed, perhaps, since the time when the first nuts and bolts appeared. The difference between these keys is that the axes of the heads of such keys are usually deviated by 15°. Previously, the shape of the horns had a familiar shape and was made according to a certain GOST. However, recently, adjustments have been made to open-end wrenches - in particular, special recesses have appeared on the horns, which allow you to fix the nut more rigidly, and therefore it is practically impossible to break the edges of the nut or bolt head. In addition, the second adjustment was the shortening of one horn, which allows you to quickly rearrange the key from one nut to another.

Also, it is worth noting that open-end wrenches can be double-horned and one-sided. Actually, they can be distinguished quite simply - on a one-sided one, the horns are present only on one side, on a double-horned one, on both sides.

Ring wrenches

Immediately make a reservation that the ring wrench, as well as the open-end wrench, can be one-sided and two-sided. The difference of this key lies in something else - namely, in the form of the key head itself. If in the previous case the wrench had horns, between which nuts and bolts are fixed, then in this case, instead of the horns, we have some “rings” inside which the shape of a hexagon is notched, which completely repeats the shape of the nut or bolt head. According to the size of the product to be unscrewed or screwed in, the appropriate key is selected. The advantage of this type of key is that in this case the possibility of tearing off the edges of the part is completely excluded, since the head is clamped even more tightly than in the situation with a conventional open-end wrench.

The disadvantage of a box wrench is one detail that should be considered when working with nuts. So, you can use a spanner wrench only if there is free access to the nut or bolt. That is, in some situations, the nut can be closed with a sleeve, or any other object. Then, it will be possible to use either the open-end wrench above, or the adjustable wrench, which we will describe below.

socket wrenches

No, you can not unscrew the nuts without free access using this wrench. In fact, it will also be impossible to unscrew the nut with a socket wrench, which does not have free access. In general, a socket wrench is designed to unscrew nuts and bolts, and it completely covers the nut during operation. Thus, adhesion occurs on all its faces. At the socket wrench, the head can have both 6 and 12 faces, and in general, this tool has several varieties - for example, they are “T” or “L” shaped, and at the same time, the head and handle will form a single structure . In another case, the heads can be removable.

Another type of socket wrench is a tubular wrench. It is made in the form of a tube, at the end of which there is a head in the form of a hexagon, and at its other end there are 2 holes where the pin is inserted. The pin that is inserted into the key acts as a handle. Also, such a key may not have a head, but simply a hexagonal hole.

adjustable wrench

It is the key with which you can unscrew the nut or bolt without having free access to it. So, an adjustable wrench is a kind of wrench in which the gap between the horns, or “sponges”, can smoothly change depending on the size of the nut you are working with. The size of the gap between the horns is changed by rotating the wheel, which works like a worm.

Such a wrench is very good in that it can be used to completely adjust the size for tightening or unwinding the nut, so it has a certain “universality” property. However, it has significant drawbacks - so, under no circumstances should you hit this key with a hammer. Also, this wrench comes into contact with the nut or bolt only on two of its faces, so the risk of stripping the thread increases. And the last drawback is that with improper use or great effort, the “worm” of the key can disperse, slip off the nut, and also strip the thread. Therefore, when working with a wrench, you need to be extremely careful and careful.

Wrench material and dimensions

There is little to say about the size of wrenches - they are measured in millimeters, and range in size from 4 m to 12 mm. This applies to small keys. Then, there are medium-sized keys - their size is from 12 to 22 mm. And, keys of large sizes - from 22 mm and above.

Much more interesting is the section on the key material. So, almost all keys are made of high-strength carbon alloys, or, as they are also called, tool steel. The highest quality keys are made of tool steel, which were made on a milling machine and then blued (such keys are black). Also, on modern wrenches, you can see the inscription "chrome vanadium", that is, it is clear that such a wrench is made of chrome vanadium. This alloy is very durable, does not deform, and is of high quality. Therefore, such keys are by no means cheap.

In the manufacture of wrenches, the process of making the horns themselves is very important, because you need to make a very accurate distance between them in order to get the right wrench size. Moreover, the horns of wrenches, as a rule, are reinforced with even more high-strength alloys, so sometimes it can happen that the horns of the wrench can be intact, and the handle can be somewhat deformed.

Well, now you know almost everything about such a tool as a wrench - about its types and materials from which it is made. This baggage of knowledge will be quite enough to choose high-quality keys in a tool store without resorting to the tips of a consultant who is often interested in selling them the necessary tool.

A wrench is a tool that is probably in every home and, certainly, in every workshop. You can’t do without it if you need to make repairs of any complexity. It will be required when repairing a children's scooter, car, plumbing work, collection of furniture set.

The mention of the first such device dates back to the middle of the 15th century. Mass application of this simple hand tool, began closer to the 20th century, in the era of large-scale industrial and technological progress. During this period, the device has improved significantly, new types have appeared.

Even the names of the inventors of the main types of these instruments are known. For example, a wrench is associated with English engineer Budding Edwin Bird, and the sliding view was invented by the Frenchman Le Roy-Tribault. Gradually, the instrument gained more and more popularity. It began to be used in almost all areas of industry and economy, in the agricultural and municipal sectors.

It is noteworthy that the universal wrench has long been used as a symbol of the working class. Soviet Union. And today, the image of this tool is used to designate stations Maintenance cars.

Modern varieties of wrenches

Like several centuries ago, the tool is designed to perform work on unscrewing and tightening nuts. But, progress in the form of designing ever new, more advanced machines, equipment and various techniques, required changes in modifications and expansion of the existing model range.

For the implementation of various repair work, need to have minimum set wrenches, which includes the following varieties:

adjustable wrench

The main advantage of this type is the ability to capture various modifications of fasteners, even non-standard ones. The disadvantage of such a device is the low reliability of the grip, which is provoked by backlash when adjusting the tool.

The disadvantage does not make it possible to firmly capture the part. This can lead to trouble when the device breaks off, damaging the edge or injuring the craftsman. Such situations are especially common when dismantling old, rusted nuts, when unscrewing which, the master makes considerable efforts.

To ensure that the edges of the fasteners are not damaged, the tool should be used carefully, controlling the applied force. It may be worth choosing a different type of tool that is more suitable in size and shape to the fastener.

This is the most common classical form hand tool. The name "carob", he deserved because it has ends in the form of horns. The size of the pharynx is usually indicated on the body. Repair in a hard-to-reach place is facilitated by the working part of the tool rotated at an angle of 15 degrees.

The most popular are double-ended wrenches. They are purchased in whole sets, consisting of models of different sizes.

socket wrench

A socket wrench is used for repair work in hard-to-reach places such as niches or recesses. This view comes to the rescue where other tools can't. It is often used by auto repair workers to change car wheels.

The device has an L-shaped shape, with a hexagonal recess at the end, (rarely twelve-sided). The task of the working end is to securely grip the bolt or nut.

ring key

Ring wrenches are also called ring wrenches. This is a more convenient and improved type than the carob type. The advantage lies in the degree of coverage of the entire nut, while the pressure load is evenly distributed on all faces, and not on two, as in the carob counterpart.

This is the most popular and demanded type. It was created according to the principle of 2 in 1. A combined wrench combines two different opposite ends on one handle. Most often - this is a combination of the horn and cap working ends.

Less commonly, a combined wrench is grouped with elements of an open-end and end tool.

tubular wrench

It is produced in the form of a tube with a hexagon at the ends. The rod acts as a lever, for which holes are provided in the body of the device.

Most often, such tools are equipped with machines or equipment.

Ratchet wrench

Improved shape of ring and socket wrenches. The main advantage is that the master does not need to throw the tool for each revolution. This saves time and labor costs.

An allen wrench has another significant plus: a very small angle through which it turns. Such tools differ from each other in the form of the number of ratchet teeth.

Specific Tools

Along with the above types, there are many highly specialized tools. For example, a wrench is used if you need to remove an old, stuck nut.

Corroded bolts are easily handled by an impact wrench, and a torque wrench controls the force with which the nut is tightened. Torque wrenches come in a variety of designs.

With a scale that shows how hard the nut is tightened

With ratchet, the wrench prevents you from pulling the nut harder than the selected tightening mode

Modern torque wrench with LCD screen

Pipe wrenches are widely used in plumbing work.

Chain views are needed to capture a round part with a large diameter.

The mechanical ones are being replaced by electric options that operate autonomously, on batteries.

Wrench sizes and material of manufacture

The numbering depends on the distance between the edges of the key, expressed in millimeters. There are three main groups of keys by size:

1. Small, which are used to work with the smallest nuts with a diameter of up to 12 mm.
2. Medium wrenches tighten nuts up to 22 mm.
3. Large tools that are used to work with all other sizes.

Since the universal wrench must unwind or tighten the nuts, then according to the method of capture, it can be:

1. Covering.
2. covered.

Keys made on milling machines from special "tool" steel. A “black” or “blued” allen wrench is reliable in operation, however, it is now extremely rare on sale.

In the United States, wrenches are numbered in inches, while European tools are measured in millimeters.

Choosing a quality set of keys is not easy. Today's market offers a large number of these tools. For their manufacture, high-carbon steel is most often used. Chromium, vanadium and molybdenum are often added to the base material.

In order for the tools to do their job well, purchase better tools well-known manufacturers that have established themselves in the market.

In order not to buy extra tools that will not be used, it is better to purchase, focusing on specialization:

• For a car repair shop, you need a large set, including all kinds of keys, in different sizes.
• The owner of the car for minor repairs will need tools of certain numbers that are suitable for his brand. You can find such a list in the manual for the car.
• Plumbers need only the most common wrenches in the industry.
• Mechanics need more complete kits for the job.
• For household needs, the owner must have a universal wrench or a combination wrench.

When choosing a fixture, you should pay utmost attention to the handle. The quality of work will directly depend on how comfortable it is for the master to hold on to the tool. All-metal models, as a rule, are equipped with a metal handle; when working with such a key, the hand will slip off the key, and you can get injured or ruin the wrench. Very handy tools with a rubber pad.

Some manufacturers produce keys with anti-slip inserts. If there is a risk of injury electric shock, then it is worth buying tools with a dielectric coating. They are the most reliable and able to provide safe work. When working with gas equipment use a copper-plated (copper-plated) tool.