Underwater sports list. What are the water sports? What water sports are there
Swimming- This is an Olympic water sport, which consists in overcoming various distances by swimming and in the shortest time. Regardless of the type of swimming, a swimmer is allowed to swim no more than 15 meters underwater (at the start or after a turn).
The history of the emergence and development of swimming
The ubiquitous finds of archaeologists indicate that people learned to swim a very long time ago. Rather, learning to swim was initiated by foraging and warfare.
In 1515, the first swimming competitions were held in Venice. In 1869, the first amateur swimming school was opened in England (the Association of Amateur Sports Swimmers of England). A little later, similar schools appeared in Sweden, Germany, Hungary, France, the Netherlands, the USA, New Zealand, Russia, Italy and Austria.
At the end of the 19th century, there was a surge in the popularity of water sports, a prerequisite for this was the appearance of artificial pools.
Swimming has been part of the Olympic Games since 1896. In 1899, a major European championship was held, which was called the "European Championship".
In 1908, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) developed and fixed the main distances for holding competitions, as well as the procedure for conducting heats.
Swimming styles in the pool
In sports swimming, there are 4 styles:
Crawl is the fastest form of swimming, which is characterized by alternating and symmetrical movements of the arms and legs. Each arm makes a wide stroke along the axis of the swimmer's body, while the legs alternately rise and fall.
The front crawl is a swimming style that is visually very similar to the front crawl. The athlete also performs alternating arm strokes with alternating raising and lowering of the legs, but swims on his back and carries out a straight arm sweep over the water.
Breaststroke is a type of swimming in which the athlete lies on his chest, and performs symmetrical movements with his arms and legs in a plane that is parallel to the water surface.
Butterfly is one of the most technically difficult and tiring types of swimming. When moving with a butterfly, the athlete makes a wide and powerful stroke, lifting the swimmer's body above the water, and the legs and pelvis make wave-like movements. It is considered the second fastest after the crawl.
In swimming, there is a freestyle, which is usually understood as a discipline in which an athlete is allowed to swim in any way. Nowadays, all athletes use crawl as it is the fastest style.
Swimming pool
A swimming pool is a rectangular bath designed for water sports. For sports swimming, the dimensions of the pool must be:
- 50 meters long and 25 meters wide (for tracks 2.5 meters wide);
- 50 meters long and 21 meters wide (for 10 tracks 2 meters wide);
- 25 meters long and 16 meters wide (for 8 lanes 1.9 meters wide);
- 25 meters long and 11 meters wide (for 6 lanes 1.75 meters wide);
- 25 meters long and 8.5 meters wide (for 5 lanes 1.6 meters wide).
According to FINA rules, bathtubs must be 50 meters long and 25 meters wide. The pool should be divided into 8 lanes.
The strips of tracks are separated from each other by dividing garlands of floats with a diameter of 5-15 cm. The first and last 5 meters of each of them consist of red floats. The rest of the space is filled with green floats for 1 and 8 lanes, blue for 2, 3, 6 and 7 lanes and yellow color for 4 and 5 tracks.
The water temperature should be between 25 - 29 degrees.
Equipment
Swimwear is designed to provide maximum comfort, as well as reduce water resistance. Swimming equipment includes:
- A swimming cap is a headgear for swimming in water that protects the swimmer's hair from chlorinated water. Swimming caps are: latex, silicone, fabric and combined.
- Swimming trunks or sports swimsuit - shorts for swimming made of a special material (polyamide with the addition of lycra or a mixture of polyester and PBT).
- Swimming goggles are an accessory for sports swimming, which is designed to provide normal vision under water, and also protect the eyes from chlorine fumes.
Refereeing in swimming
The chief referee is responsible for conducting swimming competitions, and also heads the panel of judges.
Starter - calls the athletes to the start, checks the correctness of the occupied starting positions and gives the command to start.
Timekeeper - measures the time of the swim participant on a certain track from start to finish.
The judge at the finish line - determines the order in which the participants arrive at the finish line, in the absence of automated system determining the winners.
Judge at the turn - determines the correctness of the turns on the track allotted to him.
Technical judge - monitors the technique of the corresponding swimming style.
Competition system
At modern official competitions, there are morning and evening programs. The morning program includes preliminary swims, the results of which determine the participants in the semi-finals and finals (evening program).
AT water sports sports included swimming, synchronized swimming, water polo and diving. Competitions and trainings can be held both in open water bodies and in closed, open pools (special premises). In the disciplines of water sports there are team and individual performances (tests).
Back in Assyria, Ancient Egypt, people used various swimming methods that resemble the existing breaststroke and front crawl. They were used exclusively for the purpose of obtaining food and in military craft. The very first swimming competitions took place in the 15th-16th centuries. And this sport gained immense popularity at the end of the 19th century, when the active construction of swimming pools began.
At the very first games of the Olympics, which were held in 1896, swimming was included in the program. The development and coordination of swimming competitions is followed by, established in 1908, International Swimming Federation (FINA). The "FINA Rules" were approved in 1908, which indicated distances, rules, and the procedure for registering world records. World championships have been held in this sport since 1973.
Swimming- this is sports discipline, in which it is necessary to overcome a given distance by swimming as quickly as possible. At the same time, it is allowed to swim under water no more than 15 meters after the start and at the moment of repulsion from the side (when changing the direction of movement in the pool).
There are several types of swimming in which competitions are held:
Freestyle swimming- the athlete is allowed to swim in any way that is most suitable for the swimmer, it is allowed to change styles along the course.
Over time, the priority freestyle swimming techniques have changed in the following order:
- breaststroke was used by the very first, Nicholas Winman did a great job of studying it and in 1853 published a whole book on the technique of swimming with this style;
- over-arm arose in the middle of the 19th century and represented swimming on its side;
- trend style became known to the world in 1873, it was demonstrated at competitions by the English swimmer John Arthur Tregen;
- crawl at the present time, it has replaced all previous styles in freestyle swimming, as it is more effective. Richmond Cavill first used it to win.
Backstroke gained Olympic sport status in 1900. At the beginning of its existence, athletes tried to swim with an inverted breaststroke, but later the crawl on the back became a priority. The athlete must swim on his back all the time, the rotational movements of the body cannot exceed 90 degrees relative to the horizontal according to the rules. The position of the head is not regulated. A 15 meter swimmer's underwater distance is allowed. The start takes place with your back to the water, holding the board with your hands and pushing off with your feet from it.
Breaststroke and butterfly entered the program of the Olympics in 1904. The rules are quite difficult and disqualification is possible if they are violated. You can familiarize yourself with the competition rules for swimming butterfly and breaststroke.
There are also integrated swimming, when an athlete overcomes the distance using different styles swimming on its individual segments, as well as a combined relay race.
Fables for competitions plays a big role. FINA rules state that official international competitions can only take place in pools 50 or 100 meters long. And since 1957, world records can be counted in pools 50 meters long. Since it is easier to set a record in 25 meters due to the possibility of repulsion from the side when turning (changing direction of movement).
Swimming in open water (in open water) is quite widespread. The most popular today is a swim across the English Channel. A distance of 10 kilometers in 2008 was included in the program of the Olympics.
An important component of the swimming process is a swimming suit. It was originally a costume natural materials, which covered almost the entire body, after silk swimming trunks were used. Over time they have been replaced synthetic materials. Achievement of new high results was given by the use of polyurethane suits, but FINA brought them into the category of technological doping. Because new records were set thanks not to hard training, but to minimal water resistance (the merit of the suit). Therefore, only textile suits are now allowed.
Synchronized swimming- this is the performance of various movements in the water, the composition of figures and the performance of elements to the music. Initially, this sport was called water ballet. There were single, pair and group synchronized swimming. Since the 2000 Olympic Games, only pair and group performances have remained in the program.
The referee team consists of 10 people: two groups of five. One team of judges evaluates the artistry, and the other - the execution of the program. The minimum score is 0.1 points, the maximum is 10.
Water polo- This is a team game with a ball on the water. Goal: to throw as many balls as possible into the opponent's goal. The game can take place both in pools and in open water.
Water polo originated from the game of rugby. At the very beginning of development, the team fought in the water, and the goalkeeper (goalkeeper) was on the pier, he had to prevent the ball from hitting the pier. But years passed, the rules changed seriously and now the game of water polo looks like this:
The dimensions of the pool for playing the game are not precisely regulated and can be in the range from 10x20 meters to 20x30 m. The depth of the pool should not be less than 1.8 meters, and the gates should be 3 m wide and 0.9 high. Two teams compete, each consisting of 7 people (one of them is the goalkeeper). Goalkeepers wear red caps, and the color of the team's headgear is determined by a draw. All game time is divided into four periods, 8 minutes each. During regular time, a team may take two time-outs, and one during extra time. Only the team in possession of the ball may take a time-out. The goalkeeper is the only player who is allowed to take the ball with both hands, he can only be in his own half of the field. The pass is usually passed by players above the water, and when making an attack, with a rebound from the water. Possession of the ball by one team is limited to 30 seconds. During this time, an attack must be carried out. You need to move with the ball by pushing it in front of you. It is illegal to keep the ball under water when an opponent is attacking the player in possession of the ball. You cannot attack a player who is not in possession of the ball. It is forbidden by the rules to drown, drag, hold an opponent - this is considered a gross violation and is punishable by disqualification for 20 seconds or until the end of the attack by the opponent. Non-blunders are punished with free throws, which are usually taken into the goal area. The pool has a marking, which is indicated by buoys around the perimeter. A player without the ball has no right to come closer than 2 meters to the opponent's goal.
Diving- performing acrobatic actions (screw, turn) during a jump into the water from a springboard or tower.
Springboard- this is a springy board, the length of which is 4.8 m and the width is 0.5 m. It is made of a special non-slip material. Contributes to the additional acceleration of the athlete during repulsion. It is installed at a height of 1 or 3 meters above the water level.
Tower consists of several platforms (width 2 m, length - 6) at different heights: 1, 3, 7.5, 10 meters.
Springboard and platform protrude from the edge of the pool above the water by 1.5 m.
Individual jumps are evaluated by 7 judges on a 10-point scale. The two best and 2 worst results are discarded, and the remaining ones are multiplied by the element complexity factor. Synchronized jumps are evaluated by nine judges, 2 judges evaluate the performance technique of each athlete, and the remaining five - synchronism.
Water sports are sports that involve water.
Types and features of water sports
Diving - water sport
Classes and competitions in water sports are also held on fresh air, and indoors - in swimming pools.
Water sports competitions are divided into team and individual.
In some water sports competitions are held local, regional, national international and Olympic Games. World Aquatics Championships 2015 year will pass in Russia, in Tatarstan, in Kazan.
Diving. Diving is swimming under water with devices that provide an autonomous supply of air. People who are professionally engaged in diving are called divers or, using the term borrowed from the English language, divers.
Riding a wave on special light boards is surfing. Sailing on a board is windsurfing, skiing without a board is bodysurfing.
A regatta is a major sailing or rowing competition that includes a series of boat races.
Olympic water sports
Water sport - surfing
Kayaking and canoeing is a rowing sport on boats such as kayaks and canoes.
Rowing slalom - rowing and canoeing, overcoming the distance marked by the gate at speed, for example, a section of a rapid river or an artificial track.
Rowing - athletes sit in boats with their backs forward and row with oars.
Sailing - Athletes use equipment, boats, boats or sleds propelled by the wind in sails.
Water skiing - movement on water on special skis.
Jumping into the water from a springboard or tower. Judges evaluate the performance of acrobatic elements in flight and the cleanliness of the entrance to the water.
Swimming - overcoming swimming at a speed of various distances.
Synchronized swimming - performing various figures in the water to the music.
Water polo is a team sport, a ball and goal game. Passes in the pool.
Triathlon is a sport consisting of three types of competitions swimming, cycling, running on the highway.
Technical water sports
Sailing
Powerboating is a technical sport that includes high-speed competitions on motorized boats on water.
Classes: Formula-1 - a class of racing vessels, as well as the name of the world championship in competition in water-motor vehicles in this class. Since last year, one of the Formula 1 stages has been held in Russia, Tatarstan, Kazan.
Aquabike is racing on jet skis, a kind of water-motor sport. World, European, Russian, regional and local championships are also held for various classes of classic sports courts.
Model ship sport is a technical sport on the water, including the design and construction of models of ships and vessels for sports competitions.
Stand competitions differ - competitions of desktop and operating models - self-propelled models of surface vessels and ships, submarines; high-speed cord models of arbitrary design, racing models of sailing radio-controlled yachts.
Competitions of sailing radio-controlled yachts look indescribably beautiful.
Powerboating is already included in the Olympic family.
History of water sports
Water polo
Diving. Men and women Ancient Greece diving for a sponge, holding their breath. For a long time, a hollow reed was used for breathing. Now the popularity of diving is growing every year.
The history of surfing began in the Hawaiian Islands thousands of years ago.
Rowing. Even in ancient times, people used floating logs, helping themselves with branches.
The origin of amateur navigation and sailing in Russia is associated with Peter I. On June 21, 2012, the organizers of the Volga-Kama regatta, yachtsmen Andrey Bardin and Sergey Andreev, visited the Rotary Club of Kazan. It turns out that a significant contribution to the development of sailing in the Republic of Tatarstan was made by its first president of the republic, Mintemir Sharipovich Shaimiev.
Soviet water skiers competed at international competitions in 1967.
The first competitions in Russia in diving took place in Russia in 1913.
In the 15-16th century, sports swimming was born.
Synchronized swimming became an Olympic sport in 1984.
In Japan, there was a game - a distant relative of water polo. The participants sat astride straw barrels and drove an inflated skin, a prototype of a ball, with poles through the water.
AT late XIX self-propelled carriages were created. A motorboat appeared. In 1886, the German engineer G. Daimler built and tested the world's first Neckar boat.
In 1925, a water-motor section was created in Moscow, competitions were held.
From the 17th century on Earth, the creation of ship models was taken seriously, considering them works of art.
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List of water sports - Wiki Yours
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- Underwater sports
All about water sports
Water sports
- Swimming (including pool and open water)
- Ski jumping or platform jumping
- Modern pentathlon includes the following disciplines: fencing, swimming, show jumping, running and shooting
- Rescue swimming is swimming with the aim of saving those who are drowning and helping tired swimmers.
- Scuba diving is the practice of swimming on the surface (usually the sea), with special equipment: a mask, fins and a short snorkel.
- Synchronized diving
- Synchronized swimming is a mixture of swimming, gymnastics and ballet
- Triathlon is a sport that is a multi-sport race, consisting of a continuous successive passage by its participants of three stages: swimming, cycling and running
- Waboba - ball game waboba (waboba) on beaches or in pools
- Water aerobics is aerobics in water
- Water polo is a team game played in the water.
- Aquajogging (water-aerobics)
- "Bare skis" are water skis without skis.
- Boating - use of boats
- Boat racing - the use of motorboats to race
- Bodyboarding is similar to surfing, but the board is smaller and the person (usually) lies on the board
- Cable skiing is similar to wakeboarding, but with artificial maneuvering cables.
- Rowing
- Canupolo
- Dragon boat racing, teams of 20 rowers
- Fishing is a recreation and sport of catching fish
- Flyboard
- flowrider
- Water bike
- Kayaking
- kiteboating
- Kitesurfing on flat water using a kite (kite) for propulsion
- Kneeboarding
- Paddleboarding is a sport where a person moves on a surfboard using a long paddle
- Parasailing, when a person is towed behind vehicle(usually by a boat) while attached to a parachute
- Pikigin - kicking around a small ball in shallow water
- Rafting
- Rowing
- Sail using the wind to propel
- Sitting on a hydrophile, they ride on the water with the help of a hydrofoil attached to a ski track.
- Skimboarding is a board that is used to ride the oncoming wave.
- Scarfing - where the accomplices hid behind a boat on a surfboard
- Standing on a surfboard with a paddle - used in calm or waves
- Surfing downhill on ocean waves or artificial waves in a wave pool
- Wakeboarding is similar to water skiing, but with only one board attached to your feet.
- Wakesurfing - similar to wakeboarding, but the board is not attached to the legs
- Wakesurf is a mix between wakeboarding and surfing.
- Water skis - used to glide across the water when pulled by a boat or other device
- Rafting
- Windsurfing on the water surface using the wind for propulsion in combination with sails
- Sailing - sailing on yachts, regular, cruise or yacht racing
Exists a large number of sports that involve water. Below is a list of water sports divided by category. These categories are based on the relationship of sport to water. Some of the sports include only one part related to swimming, such as triathlon.
Underwater sports
Recreational diving
- cave diving
- Deep dive
- free dive
- Ice diving
- Spearfishing
- Underwater archeology, in particular activities related to underwater diving
- Underwater photography, including underwater videography, is photography taken underwater. Numerous competitions are held every year around the world. Digital cameras revolutionized by increasing the number of participants.
- Underwater video
Sports under water
- Aquathlon (wrestling in water)
- Speed diving
- free dive
- Sport diving (sport)
- Spearfishing
- Underwater football
- Underwater hockey is an underwater game that bears some resemblance to hockey. Two teams of players use short wooden curved sticks to move a heavy puck across the bottom of the pool towards the opponent's goal.
- Underwater ice hockey
- Underwater orienteering
- Underwater photography (sports)
- Underwater rugby is an underwater game that bears some resemblance to rugby football. Two teams try to score goals by sending a slightly negatively buoyant ball into the opponent's goal located at the bottom of the pool.
- Underwater target shooting
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Water sports
Water sports
Water provides various opportunities for entertainment and sports. Water sports are practiced in the swimming pool, on rivers, lakes and even in the sea. To be safe in water sports, you need to learn how to swim well. But even excellent swimmers should wear a life jacket when playing sports on fast rivers and at sea. British sailors saw Hawaiians surfing in the Pacific over two hundred years ago. The coasts of Australia and California are very favorable for surfing. Windsurfing originated in the United States in the 1960s. It became so popular that it was included in the Olympic program in 1984. Whitbread - a round-the-world race for large ocean-going sailboats - is held every four years. Regatta participants always start and finish in the UK, but the route varies from race to race. The total distance traveled by sailboats is 60 thousand km.
In swimming and rowing, the only source of energy that provides movement is human muscle strength. In sailing and surfing, the driving forces are wind and waves.
Water sports in the pool:
Swimming became an Olympic sport in 1896, when the first Olympic Games of our time took place. And to this day it occupies one of the prominent places in the competition program. Sports swimming requires intense training, so professional swimmers spend many hours a day in the pool. Swims are held in four styles: freestyle (crawl), backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly. In most championships, freestyle swims take place at distances from 50 to 1500 m. In other styles, two swims are held - 100 and 200 m. In addition, there are relay races and integrated swimming, in which swimmers use all four styles - one for each from the stages of the swim.
The pool also competes in diving, which has become an independent Olympic sport. Jumping from a springboard is diving into the water from a throwable board, from three meters above the water level, and jumping from a tower is diving from a stable platform, from a height of 10 meters. In the sports qualification program, there are more than 80 varieties of diving. Judges give scores in points, evaluating the accuracy of all elements of the jump.
Water sports in the pool also include synchronized swimming, when women simultaneously move and rebuild in the water to the music, creating various figures, and water polo, in which two teams of 7 players try to throw as many balls into the opponent's goal as possible.
Surfing and windsurfing:
Surfing is a movement on a special board made of light, hard plastic coated with resin and fiberglass. Professional surfers travel the world, participating in various competitions with prize funds. The basic position in surfing is to have one foot in the middle of the board and the other to press on the edge. By changing the position of the legs and body, the surfer changes the speed and direction of movement. The goal in surfing is to catch a wave and roll down the ridge. The most complex and exciting type of wave is when it twists, as if forming a pipe. At the same time, the surfer tries to have time to slip through the pipe.
In windsurfing, to control the board, you must have the skills of both surfing and sailing. Board with a sail moving on the water on high speed, is controlled without a rudder, with the help of a tail truss spar. In addition to racing, there are also freestyle competitions where athletes demonstrate various tricks on the water.
Canoeing and kayaking:
Rowing, an Olympic sport, includes canoeing, kayaking and rowing. In a canoe, the athlete stands on one knee and rows with a single-bladed oar from one of the sides of his choice. In canoeing (in kayaks), a kayaker uses a two-bladed oar, holding it with both hands and rowing from both sides alternately. At the Olympics, races are held on the rowing canal, at distances of 500 and 1000 m. Only men compete in canoes. In kayaking, women and men compete separately in singles, up to 9 boats take part, and in each competition there are qualifying swims (elimination) for reaching the final.
Boat races sometimes take place on difficult rocky tracks. There are two main types of such races. In rowing slalom (an Olympic competition), athletes start at intervals and must swim along a route marked by gates (multi-colored poles) hanging over the water. Part of the distance they swim downstream but the other part up (that is, against the current). In racing along a mountain river with a strong current, rowers compete from a common start, overcoming rocks, rapids and other obstacles at a distance of about 3 km from start to finish, in the shortest possible time.
Rowing:
Rowing - male and feminine look sport is a speed competition. Rowers sit one after another in light multi-seater streamlined boats with oarlocks (a structure on the boat hull for attaching an oar). In an academic swing boat, each rower works with one oar, in an academic steam room - with two smaller oars. Rowing teams consist of one, two, four or eight people. Eights always have a helmsman who steers the boat; twos and fours can compete with or without a coxswain. Swims are made on lakes, rivers or natural rowing channels. For competitions such as the Olympic Games and World Championships, special artificial rowing channels are equipped.
Sailing:
The first yacht racing took place in England in the 17th century. for the amusement of kings. The sport of sailing now competes on simple single and double yachts, as well as cruising yachts and large sailboats with crews of 20 or more, which cost millions of dollars to design and build. Races take place both on the high seas and not far from the coast. In sailing competitions such as the Olympic Games and major regattas, the races are held in different classes (depending on the type of yacht) according to given route in the form of a triangle, indicated by floating buoys.
Water sports:
In most water sports, the energy source for propulsion is human muscle strength or wind and waves. However, some types use a motor. There are different motor boats, ranging from single boats to huge boats weighing several tons. The most powerful ships reach speeds of 240 km/h. Competitions on motor boats are held according to different programs, depending on the class to which they belong. About a hundred races and regattas are held annually.
Motor boats are also used in water skiing to tow a skier. The skier jumps on a rope attached to the side of the boat. Water skiing competitions are held in several disciplines, in particular in slalom. In this type of program, skiers glide through the water, making turns at the points indicated by the floating buoys. Athletes also compete in long jumps from the springboard, unhooking from the ladder, and in the program figure skating(while in tow, they perform various tricks on the water).
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Swimming in the pool - indications and contraindications
From early childhood, parents teach their children to swim. Training takes place in open water. What to do if there is no river or lake near the house? In this case, the pool helps. Today, in every city there are swimming pools that allow not only teaching children to swim, but also adults taking care of their health. Swimming in the pool is the prevention and treatment of various diseases. For the rules of visiting the pool, see the article at the link.
Swimming in the pool is a sport that makes it possible to improve health, correct posture, improve the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as relieve nervous tension and excess weight.
Swimming - benefits
Regular visits to the pool allows you to solve many health issues, and for those who can not swim - to learn.
Muscle strengthening. Swimming has a positive effect on the human body and is a good substitute for any kind of sport. If a certain group of muscles is trained during sports, then all muscles are involved during swimming. At the same time, there is no strong load on the muscles; during movements, one muscle group tenses, and the other relaxes, and so on alternately.
In water, a person actively uses his legs, which has a positive effect on reducing the volume of the hips, and also strengthens the muscles of the legs.
When swimming, the biceps, triceps, deltoid muscles of the shoulder, finger flexors, neck muscles, pectoral, serratus anterior, latissimus and so on work, that is, the whole body is involved in the work.
However, the load on different muscle groups is different, it all depends on what swimming style you use. For example, with the breaststroke, the main load falls on the large round muscles of the back. Butterfly develops the muscles of the legs, namely: the muscles of the pelvic girdle, the muscles of the thigh, the muscles of the lower leg and the muscles of the foot, as well as the arms.
During swimming, an invisible corset is created, which fixes the spine in a straight position, which makes it possible to form a beautiful posture. Due to the fact that water smoothly flows around the body, it creates slim figure with tight muscles.
During swimming, there is no high load on the joints, so exercising in the pool allows you to improve the functioning of the musculoskeletal system and quickly recover after heavy herbs m.
The cardiovascular system also finds itself in a positive environment for its work. The horizontal position in which a person is in the pool allows the heart to pass blood through the arterial system to the periphery horizontally. This makes her work easier than when a person is in an upright position. Swimming in the pool improves blood circulation, optimizes heart rate and normalizes blood pressure. People who often go in for swimming do not complain about the work of the cardiovascular system and are less prone to developing a heart attack and other diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
The respiratory system also lends itself to the positive effects of exercising in the pool. During classes, a person takes a full breath due to the pressure of water and exhale. As a result, such breathing exercises help to strengthen the lungs, train the bronchi and alveoli, increase the elasticity of the lungs, increase the size of the chest and the vital capacity of the lungs. People who often exercise in the pool do not have shortness of breath when walking and climbing stairs.
Regular swimming in the pool strengthens immune system. This means that the body will easily tolerate changes in the external environment and be less likely to succumb to viral infections in winter period.
Swimming develops endurance, both in a child and in an adult. In the first lessons, the distance is not large and is overcome in a long period of time. Each time the distance increases, and the time to overcome it decreases. Thus, endurance is developed and a person is not afraid to climb mountains, go jogging or overcome long routes on foot.
For those who want to lose weight, you should know that exercising in the pool is equivalent to running or aerobics. For two hours of swimming in the pool, you can burn up to 2 kg of fat. Today you can meet a set of groups for water aerobics. Trainings are held together with a trainer and classes give tangible results.
For information on how to swim properly to lose weight, see the video below.
In order for swimming to be beneficial, you need to swim correctly. On the features of swimming in diseases in the back, see the video below.
It is also worth remembering that water calms a person. This means that swimming in the pool has a positive effect on nervous system, brings it back to normal and allows you to remove irritability and fatigue.
Swimming in the pool disciplines, develops perseverance, endurance, determination, helps to endure stressful situations and tempers a person.
That is why it is worth going to the pool and swimming, both for adults and children. If you come with the whole family, then the time will pass not only with benefit, but also fun.
Watch a video about the benefits of swimming.
Indications for swimming lessons
Now many people are ill with various diseases and each of them will find a disease due to which he cannot go to the pool. To be honest, this is a simple reluctance of a person to take care of his health. In fact, there are diseases that prevent a person from visiting the pool (about them a little later), but there are not so many of them. In all other cases, swimming has a beneficial effect on the body.
Firstly, swimming in the pool is recommended for people with spinal problems. In order for the spine to feel good, there must be a strong corset of muscles around it. When the muscles relax, the spine begins to bend and pain appears. Swimming in the pool strengthens the corset of muscles for the spine. Swimming in the pool has a positive effect on the vertebrae, which helps prevent the appearance of an intervertebral hernia.
A hernia of the spine can be cured without surgery - only by swimming.
Secondly, for people with a disease of the cardiovascular system, swimming in the pool can improve blood circulation and lower blood pressure. Systematic exercise in the pool reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood.
Thirdly, people with various joint diseases are allowed to swim in the pool. In the pool during classes, a higher amplitude is created than on land. As a result, it improves joint mobility.
Fourthly, swimming is useful for people with varicose veins or a predisposition to it. Water relieves fatigue from the legs, and blood circulation in the veins improves. Therefore, the most effective treatment sickness is swimming in the pool.
Fifth, problems with the respiratory system can also be solved by exercising in the pool.
Sixth, people with increased nervous excitability are also recommended to visit the pool.
Water is the best medicine to solve all the above diseases. It acts as an analgesic and sedative medicine.
Do not forget that there are still diseases with which it is strictly forbidden to swim in the pool or you must have a doctor's permission and conduct classes only under his supervision.
Contraindications for swimming
Now let's dwell on the dangers of swimming and tell you who is forbidden to swim in the pool.
It is forbidden to visit the pool for people with:
- heart, kidney and liver failure;
- tuberculosis or syphilis;
- pneumonia, flu, tonsillitis and other viral infections;
- intestinal disorders or infections;
- allergies or epilepsy;
- bleeding in the abdominal cavity;
- after a brain injury;
- fever.
In the pool, water is disinfected with chlorine, which is not safe for humans. Chlorine dries out the skin and causes allergic reactions, and its fumes adversely affect the respiratory system. Therefore, people who have serious problems with the lungs, bronchi, etc., need to be careful about visiting the pool.
Constant classes in the pool in the same direction can affect the female figure. Remember female swimmers - they all have formed a fairly masculine figure, when the upper body is larger than the lower.
Before going to the pool, you need to consult a doctor so as not to worsen your health or work with a trainer who will correctly distribute the load on the body.
Types of swimming lessons
All types of swimming can be divided into training and amateur. The training types include sports, applied, game and figure.
- Under the sport type of swimming is understood the overcoming of a distance for a certain period of time. Basically, a person manages to overcome 15 meters by swimming to the side, push off and swim back. This type of swimming is often referred to as an underwater sport.
- The applied type of swimming is taught to people whose profession is related to work on the water, for example, lifeguards. These people need to know what measures to take to save a person on the water.
- The game type of swimming is associated with various water games, such as water polo, which is now included in the list of the Olympic Games.
- The figured type of swimming allows you to create beautiful dances on the water. This type is also called artistic or synchronous.
- Amateur types include recreational and therapeutic swimming.
- The health-improving type of swimming is a simple swimming on the water, which is practiced by all people in order to improve their well-being.
The therapeutic type of swimming is carried out in order to restore a person after severe herbs, but they do this in specialized institutions and under the supervision of doctors, for example, in sanatoriums or hospitals.
At what age should you start swimming
You can swim in the pool at any age! You can visit the pool at any age. It is useful for the newborn and for the elderly. The difference lies only in temperature regime water, time and method of training.
In the first weeks of life with a baby, you can practice in the pool, which often replaces the bath. At first, it is worth doing this with a specialist who will tell you how to properly hold the baby. The water temperature is +35 - + 36 degrees. At the same time, by the first year of life, it should already be +28 degrees. Classes last no more than 15 minutes. Water for babies is their familiar habitat. Therefore, they will feel good in it. Water activities help the child to better adapt to environment, reduce the risk of disease, calm the nervous system and even reduce pain.
Classes in the pool for schoolchildren can be not just health-improving procedures, but also become for them the choice of their future profession. Training should be carried out 1-2 times a week at a water temperature of +28 degrees. Classes have a healing effect on the body of the student.
For an adult, swimming in the pool allows you to keep fit. It is best to do them 2-3 times a week for 60-90 minutes.
Do not forget about swimming for the elderly. Going to the pool once or twice a week for 30-60 minutes will allow you to forget about many diseases. It is very important to always monitor the pulse and blood pressure.
Classes in the pool are best done in the middle of the day, when the body is in a cheerful state.
It is very important to eat 3 hours before class, and if it doesn’t work out, then eat something light before class, such as an apple or yogurt.
What to bring to the pool
To practice in the pool, you need to take the following things: a one-piece swimsuit for women and swimming trunks for men, a swimming cap that will protect your hair from bleach, swimming goggles to protect your eyes from the same bleach, slippers, soap, washcloth and towel.
Swimming in the pool is a physical therapy. Regular classes in the pool allow you to forget about many diseases and feel young.
Prepared by "Person Sport.ru"
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what certificates do adults need for a pool
The rules of conduct in the pool are regulated by a special document. When visiting the pool, you must adhere to them so that swimming becomes pleasant and relaxed, comfortable and safe, and does not add anxiety to other visitors and staff.
What to bring
You should know what you need to take with you to the pool, because to visit it it is not enough just to buy an entrance ticket or a subscription. It is necessary to take some things with you, without which they simply will not be allowed to swim, or staying in a swimming facility will become uncomfortable. Among them:
- A medical certificate from a doctor allowing access to the pool. Such a certificate is usually requested to be presented in all public swimming establishments. After receiving it, you can swim freely for six months, after which the certificate will have to be obtained again. You can take it in a regular clinic or in a medical center. Also, almost every major fitness club with a swimming pool has its own medical office with a doctor, where you can get an examination and get a swimming permit, but, as a rule, such a permit applies only to this sports center, and if you want to go to another one you will have to make a new reference.
- Hygiene products for washing (shower gel, shampoo, soap) and a washcloth.
- Towel. In some establishments they are issued, so before visiting it is better to check with the administrator whether it is worth taking a towel with you, or it will be given out on the spot.
- Swimwear (swimsuits for women and swimming trunks for men).
- Caps for swimming. Many pools without them are simply not allowed. But even if putting them on is not regulated by the rules, it is still better to buy a cap for visiting the pool - this will allow you not to wet your hair, and also prevent falling hair from getting into the water.
- Indoor shoes. Rubber slates are best suited. They not only do not get wet, but also do not slip, which will avoid falls and injuries on a slippery wet floor.
- Goggles. They are optional. But if a person likes to dive, then they will be simply necessary to see underwater and not irritate the mucous membrane of the eyes with chlorinated water.
- Fen. This item is a must for women who want to tidy up their hair after swimming. It can also be issued in some institutions, which must be consulted in advance so as not to carry extra weight with you.
- A small amount of food for a snack. During swimming, a large amount of energy is expended, and many people experience hunger after water procedures, which simply needs to be satisfied in order not to feel discomfort.
- Moisturizing body lotion. In all pools, the water is heavily chlorinated to disinfect and prevent the growth of microbes. After bathing in such water, the skin dries out a lot. Therefore, moisturizing products are simply necessary after visiting swimming establishments.
Good manners in the pool
Any visitor needs to know how to properly visit the pool, because here, as in any other place, it is necessary to behave culturally so as not to overshadow other visitors' recreation on the water.
The rules for visiting the pool are strictly prohibited:
- Jump into the water from the sides. As a rule, in all pools there are prohibition signs. Do not neglect them, it is better to use a special ladder designed for this to descend into the water.
- Drink alcohol before entering the pool. This is dangerous for the most drunk swimmer and will cause negative emotions in others, since the smell after drinking alcohol is unpleasant.
- Use a lot of perfume. In water, odors become stronger, and not all people may like the aroma, and for some it may cause an allergic reaction.
- Swim with wounds and deep cuts. Firstly, this is not a very pleasant sight for others, and secondly, a wound in chlorinated water can begin to bleed, and blood will get into the water.
- Run on the floor near the pool. This can be dangerous because the floor is wet and slippery.
- Sit or hang on dividers.
- During the rest, do not stand in those places where the clock hangs.
- Interfering with swimming and relaxing other visitors to the pool.
It must be remembered that all people came to the pool in order to relax, play sports and have a good time. Therefore, it is necessary to behave in such a way that everyone feels comfortable and gets only pleasant emotions from swimming.
Proper swimming behavior
In addition to the rules of behavior in the pool, there are rules of good manners when swimming. Following them will allow you to have a good time and exercise with health benefits. These include:
- Assessment of the situation on each of the swimming lanes of the pool. Before you go down into the water, you should choose a path according to your abilities. You should not climb where a large number of people already swim, or where training is held.
- Right choice tracks. Do not climb into the middle of the pool for poorly swimming people or those who come with children. For this category, the most suitable are the paths located along the edges of the pool. In the center of the pool there are tracks for professionals.
- Select a track if possible. Before going down into the water, it is worth determining which of the lanes people are swimming at the same pace. Inexperienced swimmers should not seek to swim with professionals, this will only cause discomfort and irritation for water racing specialists. In addition, you should pay attention to the signs on each of the tracks (for water aerobics, for individual training, for sports swimming, for amateurs, etc.).
- Adhere to the rules for using the pool and movement on the water. Inside each lane, traffic is right-handed (counter-clockwise), so you should not swim in the middle or on the left side.
- Correctly overtake other swimmers. If the swimmer in front swims more slowly, then you need to overtake him on the left, and then stand in front of him. When turning around, it is worth letting the stronger and faster swimmer go forward so as not to create an obstacle for him, observing the safety rules during classes.
- Focus on markings when swimming.
- Correct respite. During the rest, it is necessary to position yourself so as not to interfere with other visitors to the pool. If a short rest is expected, then it is necessary to stop in the right corner near the side. For longer breaks, it is better to get out of the pool and sit on benches specially designed for this purpose, located near the pool.
- Neat cross crossing of the pool. Before performing such a maneuver, it is worth looking around and correctly calculating the time required for crossing so as not to collide with other participants in water traffic. It is impossible to climb over the dividing strips from above, it is necessary to swim under them. It is necessary to observe safety precautions in the pool.
- Assessment of the situation on the track before starting from the bollard. Before making a jump from the bedside table, you should definitely make sure that there are no other swimmers within a radius of several meters. This will help avoid injury and collisions.
- Avoid provocation. You should not intentionally try to overtake another swimmer, bully him and interfere with calm training. If there is a desire to compete with someone in speed, then it is necessary to agree “on the shore”, and not arrange demonstration swims.
In any place, good manners must be maintained. The rules of conduct in the pool must be strictly followed. Only in this case you can enjoy a pleasant water holiday and recharge positive emotions.
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Beach sports
The beach is not the most boring place, as many people think. Here you can also spend time in active movement. For example, to participate in games belonging to the category "beach". That is, take a break.
beach soccer
It is believed that beach soccer, aka beach soccer, was invented by the Brazilians. And who else could invent it, if not them? After all, the Brazilians are simply “saturated” with football, they worship this game like some kind of deity. And where can barefoot, tanned boys and girls kick a ball without breaking windows or overturning trash cans? Of course, on the beach. From Brazilian beaches, beach soccer quickly spread to all continents and gathered a lot of followers. Today, many countries hold beach soccer championships.
Beach soccer can be called a democratic sport because it does not involve any special costs. It is enough just to fence the site, put up a couple of goals, find the ball and collect twelve people. That's how many are involved in the game - six in each team. The only condition for the players is the absence of any footwear. By the way, special balls are produced for beach soccer, which are lighter than regular soccer balls.
Beach will
This "sand" alternative to regular volleyball is as popular as beach soccer. Not only men, but also women willingly take part in whip-will tournaments. For this game, you need to choose a flat sandy area and stretch a net over it. The number of players may be different, but only in the case of the game "for yourself". In tournaments, as a rule, the 2x2 option is used.
Beach volleyball court
Beach Volley is so popular that people manage to play it even when suitable place site cannot be found. For example, due to the high density of tourists. Fans of this fun occupy the minimum free space, stand in a circle and still enjoy it.
Rugbyball
This is a relatively new type of beach sport, yet little known in our country. It is an original mix of rugby, basketball and… wrestling. It's not a typo, it's a fight. Indeed, in this form, wrestling techniques are not only not prohibited, but rather welcomed.
In the game, you need to hit the ring of the opposing team with a basketball. It would seem, what could be easier? But it was not there. The player who has the ball is instantly attacked by the opponents. And they attack according to all the rules of rugby. As already mentioned, you can use wrestling techniques, knock down, "conclude" in friendly hugs, and so on. To make an attempt to shoot the ball, you need to at least break out of this brawl.
Rugbyball is played on sandy or soft clay courts. But this does not save the participants from constant abrasions, bruises and more serious injuries. Truly fun only for real men.
This beach game is the most unusual of all the varieties of football. Probably, many have seen bizarre pools on the beaches with ankle-deep water levels. So, this is the playground for aquaball. What is happening on it will attract the attention of even the laziest vacationer.
Aquaball game
The special coating in the pool can only be compared with ice. It is so slippery that in most cases, after a strike, the puncher meets with his back. Throughout the match, the players are desperately balancing, trying their best to stay on their feet. Most likely, due to such difficult conditions, in order to minimize injuries, this type of beach sport uses exclusively inflatable goals. By the way, the sides in the pool are also inflatable.
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Water sports- Water sports.
Types and features of water sports
Diving - water sport
Classes and competitions in water sports are held both outdoors and indoors - in pools.
Water sports competitions are divided into team and individual.
For some types of water sports, local, regional, national, international and Olympic competitions are held. The 2015 World Aquatics Championship will be held in Russia, Tatarstan, Kazan.
Diving. Diving - this is swimming under water with devices that provide an autonomous supply of air. People who are professionally engaged in diving are called divers or, using the term borrowed from the English language, divers.
Riding a wave on special light boards is surfing . Board sailing - windsurfing , skiing without a board - bodysurfing .
A regatta is a major sailing or rowing competition that includes a series of boat races.
Olympic water sports
Water sport - surfing
Kayaking and canoeing - rowing sport on boats such as kayaks and canoes.
Rowing slalom - kayaking and canoeing, overcoming the distance marked by the gate at speed, for example, a section of a rapid river or an artificial track.
rowing - Athletes sit in boats with their backs forward and row with oars.
Sailing - Athletes use equipment, boats, ships or sleds propelled by the wind in sails.
Water skiing - movement on water on special skis.
Jumping into the water from a springboard or tower . Judges evaluate the performance of acrobatic elements in flight and the cleanliness of the entrance to the water.
Swimming - overcoming swimming at speed of various distances.
Synchronized swimming - performance in the water of various figures to the music.
Water polo - team sport, ball and goal game. Passes in the pool.
Triathlon - a sport consisting of three types of competitions swimming, cycling, running on the highway.
Technical water sports
Sailing
Water sports- a technical sport that includes high-speed competitions on motorized boats on water.
Classes: Formula 1 - racing boat class, as well as the name of the world championship in competition on water-motor equipment in this class. Since last year, one of the Formula 1 stages has been held in Russia, Tatarstan, Kazan.
aquabike- this is racing on jet skis, a kind of water-motor sport. World, European, Russian, regional and local championships are also held for various classes of classic sports courts.
ship model sport- a technical sport on the water, including the design and construction of models of ships and vessels for sports competitions.
Differ poster competitions- competitions of desktop and operating models - self-propelled models of surface vessels and ships, submarines; high-speed cord models of arbitrary design, racing models of sailing radio-controlled yachts.
They look incredibly beautiful RC sailing competition.
Powerboating is already included in the Olympic family.
History of water sports
Water polo
Diving. Men and women of Ancient Greece dived for a sponge, holding their breath. For a long time, a hollow reed was used for breathing. Now the popularity of diving is growing every year.
Story surfing began in the Hawaiian Islands thousands of years ago.
Rowing. Even in ancient times, people used floating logs, helping themselves with branches.
The origin of the amateur seafaring and sailing in Russia is associated with Peter I. On June 21, 2012, the organizers of the Volga-Kama regatta, yachtsmen Andrey Bardin and Sergey Andreev, visited the Rotary Club of Kazan. It turns out that a significant contribution to the development of sailing in the Republic of Tatarstan was made by its first president of the republic, Mintemir Sharipovich Shaimiev.
Soviet water skiers competed at international competitions in 1967.
The first competitions in Russia in diving took place in Russia in 1913.
In the 15-16th century, sports swimming was born.
Synchronized swimming became an Olympic sport in 1984.
In Japan, there was a game - a distant relative of water polo. The participants sat astride straw barrels and drove an inflated skin, a prototype of a ball, with poles through the water.
At the end of the 19th century, self-propelled carriages were created. A motorboat appeared. In 1886, the German engineer G. Daimler built and tested the world's first Neckar boat.
In 1925, a water-motor section was created in Moscow, competitions were held.
From the 17th century on Earth, the creation of ship models was taken seriously, considering them works of art.
See
WATER SPORTS MOU "School № 32" Student 7A class Panikov Ilya.
Water sports are sports that involve water. Water sports are held both in open water and in special facilities - pools. Among water sports there are team and individual disciplines, as well as types without the use of anything and using various devices and equipment.
By different types water sports, national, regional and world individual championships and competitions in the Olympic Games are held.
The Olympic sports are: Kayaking and canoeing Rowing slalom Rowing Sailing Water skiing Diving Swimming Synchronized swimming Water polo Triathlon
SURFING This is riding a wave using technical means: surfboards of various sizes, or short fins and special gloves
WIND SURFING A water sport using a special light board made of floating material. The board is set in motion by a sail connected by means of a flexible element - a hinge.
KITESURFING The basis of this sport is the movement on the surface of the water under the action of the traction force developed by the kite held and controlled by the athlete.
WATER SKIING Movement on the surface of the water on a specially shaped ski, holding a cable connected to a boat or other floating device that provides translational propulsion.
JUMPING FROM THE SPRINGBOARD In competitions jumps from a springboard (1 and 3 meters) and towers (5, 7.5 and 10 meters) are carried out. During the jump, athletes perform a number of acrobatic actions (turns, screws, rotations).
SWIMMING A method of moving a person through water that does not involve contact with the bottom.
SYNCHRONOUS SWIMMING Synchronized swimming is a mixture of gymnastics, acrobatics and swimming.
SCUBA DIVING The swimmer's basic equipment consists of only three items and allows you to dive while holding your breath: fins, mask, snorkel
DIVING This is swimming under water with scuba gear that provides an autonomous supply of air (or other gas mixture) for breathing underwater for 20-360 minutes, depending on the depth,
FREE-DIVING Diving under water without special devices. Breath-hold scuba diving, so you can stay under water for 5 minutes.
SPEAR HUNTING Spearfishing, a water sport cultivated in many countries of the world, takes place while holding the breath; divers usually take a speargun or a pike with them.
WINTER SWIMMING Swimming in open water with cold (from 4 to 16 degrees) and ice (4 degrees and below) water. Sea water temperature in winter time can drop to minus 2 degrees.
WATER POLO A team sport with a ball in which two teams try to score a goal into the opponent's goal. The game is played in a pool of water.
UNDERWATER RUGBY Pool depth up to 5 meters. The ball is filled with saline and has negative buoyancy. The team consists of 12 people, 6 of which are directly in the water, and the rest are on the so-called "flying replacement" on the side of the pool.
Rowing and canoeing A rowing sport that uses two types of boats: kayaks and canoes.
ROWING IN KAYAKS An active rowing water sport using kayaks. People swim in kayaks (narrow boats) on a mountain river and actively row with oars.
Sites used http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water sports http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en