Dismantling of road slabs estimate. Rates. Road works. Technology of laying road slabs in the construction of access roads
Commissioning is a set of works that includes verification, adjustment and testing of electrical equipment in order to ensure the electrical parameters and modes specified by the project.
Commissioning during the installation of electrical installations is the final part of the process of construction and installation works. These works are carried out by adjustment organizations, most whose staff (in some cases up to 50%) are electricians-adjusters. They test the insulation and contact connections of electrical equipment, switching devices, electric motors, devices and devices of secondary devices, check the correct installation of electrical circuits, prepare test circuits for testing complex protections and automation devices.
While doing commissioning you should be guided by the requirements of the Rules for the Arrangement of Electrical Installations approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.02-83, the project, operational documentation of manufacturers, SNiP 3.05.06-85 "Commissioning" and the mandatory Appendix 1 to SNiP 3.05.05-84.
General conditions of labor safety and industrial sanitation during commissioning are provided by the customer.
Commissioning works. General information
The volume and content of commissioning works are largely determined by the nature of the installed electrical installation. If at power plants and substations there is a large specific gravity constitute commissioning work related to the testing of generators, transformers and switchgear equipment, then at industrial enterprises a significant amount falls on the share of work on setting up various electric drives and electro-technological equipment. However, despite the variety of electrical installations and the equipment included in them, one can single out the so-called general commissioning work that every qualified electrician-adjuster should be able to perform. Such works include measuring electrical quantities, testing insulation and contact connections, checking temporal characteristics, adjusting electrical circuits, testing electric motors, transformers, switching devices, etc. An electrician-adjuster must have an idea about electrical installations and their installation. These issues are covered later in this book.
Scope and nomenclature of adjustment works and main technical requirements requirements for installed electrical installations put into operation are determined by the PUE, which lists the volumes and norms of acceptance tests of electrical equipment (hereinafter "volume and norms").
The entire scope of adjustment work can be divided into the following main groups:
Analysis of design materials (when considering schematic and wiring diagrams) and familiarization with the factory documentation of the main electrical equipment;
Checking and testing of electrical equipment before it enters the installation area;
Checking and testing of secondary devices and apparatuses in the laboratory;
Checking the correct installation of primary and secondary circuits;
Checking and testing of installed electrical equipment;
Element-by-element testing of the installed electrical installation; comprehensive testing and start-up tests of the installed electrical installation;
Putting the assembled electrical installation into operation; registration and delivery to the customer of technical documentation (executive diagrams, test reports of electrical equipment, etc.).
The commissioning department should have modern measuring equipment, both general-purpose (for measuring electrical and magnetic quantities, checking time characteristics) and special (devices for determining the moisture content of the insulation of electrical machines and transformers, finding the fault location in cable and overhead lines power transmission, etc.), as well as to have appropriately equipped mobile laboratories (in cars, trailers, in some cases in railway cars).
Upon completion of all electrical installation work, the downtime of the installed equipment for appropriate inspections, tests and measurements should be reduced to a minimum. It is necessary to exclude the failure of the equipment during the testing process at this last stage.
To solve these problems, the adjustment management should include departments (workshops) for general adjustment and special adjustment work, a production and technical department with a pre-production group and a technical library, a laboratory with a workshop, groups for testing devices and relays and completing devices.
Each site of general commissioning works, located territorially under the appropriate electrical installation department, includes several teams of two or three people, headed by an engineer or technician. The number of teams and their composition depend on the amount of adjustment work at the facilities of the relevant installation department, the scope of these works and their nature.
The department (workshop) of special adjustment works includes teams that are usually at the adjustment control, and each performs adjustment work of one type (adjustment of complex electric drives, complex relay protections, large electrical machines, dispatching automation and telemechanics devices, etc. ).
The laboratory stores and completes electrical measuring instruments for adjustment sites and individual teams, check and repair these devices, repair testing equipment and manufacture the necessary fixtures for adjustment work, in certain cases - special devices for certain specific types of measurements and tests.
Material and technical equipment of the adjustment area. The basis of the material and technical equipment of the commissioning area is the measuring instruments and test equipment necessary for commissioning, as well as some special equipment, fixtures, individual tools and protective equipment on safety.
The setup department needs the following instruments and test equipment:
Installation for testing power electrical equipment with increased voltage of direct and alternating current, in particular AII-70;
Equipment for finding the place of damage to power cable lines by induction and acoustic methods;
A set of instruments for determining the degree of moisture in the windings of electrical machines and transformers;
Bridge for measuring dielectric losses in insulation complete with voltage transformer and exemplary capacitor;
Secondary switching tester;
Load devices for currents up to 600 and up to 2000-3000 A;
Regulated direct current source with voltage up to 300 V for current up to 100–200 A;
Rechargeable battery with a capacity of 40–60 Ah for a voltage of 6–12 V;
Laboratory autotransformers for 2, 9 and 20 A;
Load rheostat for voltage 110/220 V and current 100/50 A (for example, designed by TsLEM Mosenergo);
Slider rheostats 50–100, 200–500 and 1000–3000 Ohm;
Megohmmeters for 500, 1000 and 2500 V, including those with a motor or rectifier attachment for taking absorption curves;
Grounding meter (for example, MS-08);
Microohmmeter (contactometer) with a set of probes;
Electronic oscilloscope;
Electromechanical oscilloscope;
Device for removing vibrograms of switches;
Millisecond watch;
Electric stopwatches;
Laboratory measuring current transformers up to 600 and up to 2000 A;
Portable electrical measuring instruments for measuring current strength, voltage and power of direct and alternating current, accuracy class 0.5;
Ammeters;
Lamp voltmeter;
Galvanometers;
Electrostatic voltmeters for voltage up to 30 kV;
spark voltmeter;
Voltamperephase indicator;
Phase regulators;
small bridges;
DC bridge single;
Double or single DC bridge with a four-terminal circuit of the P316 type;
Device for testing simple protections;
Frequency counter 45–55 Hz;
Resistance store;
Thermocouple set with millivoltmeter;
Tachometers.
The main criteria for the state of electrical equipment. A critical stage in commissioning is the assessment of the condition of the electrical equipment being tested and conclusions drawn up on its basis on its suitability (or unsuitability) for operation. Regulatory documents provide for the necessary checks, measurements and tests for various types of electrical equipment that make up electrical installations, and determine the main criteria (indicators) for the suitability of this electrical equipment for operation.
These criteria can be divided into two types - absolute and relative. Absolute clearly indicate signs when checking and values physical quantities during measurements or tests, by which it is possible to judge the suitability (or unsuitability) of the tested electrical equipment for operation. Example 1 If, during an external examination (check) of the transformer, broken bushings (insulators) or oil leaks are found, then these are signs by which the transformer cannot be considered fit for operation.
Example 2 Newly introduced cable line voltage of 10 kV must withstand the test constant voltage of 60 kV applied to it for a certain time. If the cable is pierced during this test, it is obvious that it is unserviceable.
Example 3 The protective grounding device of an electrical installation with a voltage above 1000 V with a ground fault current of more than 500 A cannot be considered fit for use if, when measured, its resistance to current spread turned out to be more than 0.5 Ohm.
The regulatory documents also provide absolute criteria for the state of insulation, contact connections for permissible temperatures of current-carrying parts and windings of electrical machines and apparatus, time characteristics of switches, etc.
Relative criteria for the condition of tested equipment are based on the comparison of measurement data of certain electrical quantities during commissioning tests with measurement data of the same quantities obtained earlier, for example, during factory tests or based on a comparison of measurement data performed during commissioning on the same type of equipment.
Such criteria often have to be used when analyzing the characteristics of electrical machines and transformers, as well as measuring insulation resistance. For example, if the insulation resistance of an electrical machine turned out to be slightly below the norm, but remained the same as it was during previous tests (in particular, factory ones), it can be concluded that the insulation of the machine after its manufacture was not damaged and, according to this criterion, the machine can be included in the work.
If the no-load current of several voltage transformers of the same type equally exceeds the allowable one, the conclusion is as follows: this is not due to damage that prevents the voltage transformers from being turned on, but to the use of another steel for the magnetic circuit in this batch of voltage transformers.
In some cases, in the process of commissioning, it is necessary to expand the scope of tests in comparison with the stipulated one (for example, when testing non-standard equipment, establishing the possibility of its operation in modes other than passport ones, etc.). Then the work must be carried out according to a special program drawn up by the design organization or the manufacturer with the participation of a representative of the commissioning organization.
Developed by JSC Firm ORGRES.
Agreed: with Glavenergo, with the Main Technical Administration, with the Main Directorate for Design and Capital Construction.
These Rules establish general principle organization of commissioning works at thermal power plants, their phasing and content by stages, as well as the procedure for their implementation.
Compliance with the Rules is mandatory for associations, enterprises and organizations subordinate to the USSR Ministry of Energy, as well as associations, enterprises and organizations of other ministries and departments that perform commissioning work at thermal power plants.
With the release of these Rules, the "Rules for the production and acceptance of commissioning work at thermal power plants. RD 34.20.406-89" (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1990) become invalid.
These Rules are developed in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87 "Acceptance for operation of completed construction facilities. Basic provisions", SNiP 3.05.05-84 "Technological equipment and technological pipelines", SNiP 3.05.06-85 "Electrical devices", SNiP 3.05.07-85 "Automation systems", SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction"; "Rules for the acceptance into operation of individual start-up complexes and completed construction of power plants, objects of electrical and thermal networks. VSN 37-86" (Ministry of Energy of the USSR, 1986); the current "Rules for electrical installations"; "Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks"; "Rules of Gosgortekhnadzor"; "Rules for the use of gas in the national economy"; "Safety regulations for the operation of technological equipment of power plants and heating networks"; "Safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations", as well as other guidance and regulatory materials for the design, construction, installation and operation of equipment for power facilities.
The rules apply to the period of commissioning on the equipment of power plants up to its acceptance into operation by the State Commission.
The rules define the main functions and relationships of organizations involved in the commissioning.
An explanation of the terms used is given in Appendix 1.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The main technology of commissioning works (CW) is their implementation according to the principle of setting up functional and technological units (node-by-node commissioning).
Unit adjustment begins after individual testing of the equipment and continues until the equipment is put into operation.
1.2. The preparation of commissioning begins for power plants with head and experimental samples of the main equipment or for the first power plants at newly built and reconstructed facilities from the moment an order (instruction) of a higher organization is issued to appoint a head commissioning organization, but no later than 18 months, and for the rest power plants - no later than 18 months before the year of the planned start of the comprehensive testing period.
The order (instruction) on the appointment of the head commissioning organization is issued on the same terms as the orders on the appointment of state commissions for VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy.
In other cases, the need for a head commissioning organization is determined by the customer. In this case, the appointment of the head commissioning organization is made by the customer in agreement with the organization that is entrusted with the functions of the head, or when the facility is handed over on a turnkey basis by the general contractor on the same conditions.
1.3. Organizational support for the commissioning includes: drawing up a coordination plan for commissioning; development of budget documentation for commissioning; conclusion of contracts for the production of commissioning works; opening of financing for commissioning and commissioning within the time frame that ensures settlements with involved commissioning organizations at all stages.
Characteristics of work on the organizational support of the commissioning work are given in Appendix 2.
1.4. The technical support for commissioning includes: project commissioning; familiarization with the project of a power plant and (or) TPP, its analysis and issuance of comments on the project; development of commissioning documentation; development of temporary operational documentation; training of operational personnel for the production of commissioning programs; input control of technological equipment, pipelines, electrical equipment and apparatus, control and management tools technological processes; control over construction and installation works.
A description of the work on technical support during the preparation of the commissioning work is given in Appendix 4.
The recommended forms of the list and composition of the equipment of functional and technological units, as well as the general technological schedule for commissioning included in the technical support of commissioning, are given in Appendices 5 and 6 (not given).
1.5. material support Commissioning includes: financing, provision of production for commissioning with equipment, instruments, materials, energy resources and communications; provision of organizations participating in the NDP with industrial and sanitary premises, housing, medical care, transport services, places in preschool and school institutions, social and cultural services, and personal protective equipment.
1.6. The list of equipment and devices of TPPs, which are used for commissioning, is given in Appendix 7.
1.7. The technological sequence, duration and sequence of pre-commissioning and commissioning is determined by the schedule for commissioning, which is part of the commissioning documentation.
The schedule should provide for the parallel implementation of autonomous adjustment of the automated process control systems and installation of the main equipment. To do this, the following organizational and technical measures should be reflected in the schedule.
1.7.1. Early completion of construction and finishing works in the block control room with the inclusion of lighting, fire extinguishing, ventilation, air conditioning systems (in accordance with SN-512-78) and the transfer of these premises for installation technical means APCS.
1.7.2. Pre-emptive voltage supply and adjustment of the uninterruptible power supply system for automated process control systems in the block control room.
1.7.3. For timely scrolling of mechanisms, successful adjustment of systems, functional group control and functional groups, early voltage supply to the main building for the power unit's own needs.
1.7.4. Ensuring the necessary time for high-quality performance of the node-by-unit commissioning, completion of installation and individual testing of the main power equipment before the start of the node-by-unit commissioning.
1.7.5. A rational procedure for conducting a comprehensive adjustment, allowing as soon as possible complete a comprehensive testing of the block (installation).
1.7.6. The minimum terms for the implementation of determining measures when performing commissioning for power units (individual boiler houses or turbine plants) with a developed automated process control system (where these tools perform the main functions of control and display of information) are given in Table. one.
Table 1
1.7.7. An example of the implementation of the start-up schedule is given in Appendix 6.
2. STAGES AND ORGANIZATION OF COMMISSIONING
2.1. The commissioning can be divided into eight stages, which differ in the technology of their implementation.
2.1.1. Preparatory stage.
2.1.2. Pre-assembly revision and verification of equipment: machines and mechanisms, devices, fittings, controls and information presentation.
2.1.3. Element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment.
2.1.4. Unit acceptance from individual tests (including the necessary control of the completeness and quality of installation) of the equipment of functional units.
In accordance with SNiP 3.05.05-84, SNiP 3.05.06-85 and SNiP 3.05.07-85, the stages of element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment do not coincide in time for different types of equipment, and this difference can be quite significant. Nodal acceptance serves to check the readiness of the entire variety of node equipment for node-by-node adjustment at the time it starts.
2.1.5. Unit-by-unit start-up (hereinafter referred to as "start-up") adjustment of functional units on idle equipment (cold adjustment) and their testing under load. Transfer of functional units from commissioning to operation mode, to check of construction and installation readiness and to unit-by-unit complex adjustment on operating equipment.
2.1.6. Testing of a block (or a separate boiler unit, turbine unit) with synchronization (or without it for a separate boiler unit) and a set of loads to check its complete construction and installation readiness.
2.1.7. Unit-by-unit complex (hereinafter - "complex") adjustment and testing of functional units, including subsystems of automated process control systems and the operational circuit of the block control panel for testing equipment modes. Pilot operation of functional and technological units, including the monitoring and control system, detection and elimination of defects, transfer of functional units to commercial operation. Carrying out a comprehensive testing of the block (installation).
2.1.8. Acceptance of the unit (installation) for operation by the state commission with the necessary tests of power equipment and with the execution of the relevant act.
2.2. There are two fundamental different kind organization of commissioning works on the equipment:
works carried out by specialists of the same profession (thermal mechanics, electricians, APCS specialists, etc.), assembled into teams and performing adjustment operations almost independently of specialists from other professions;
work carried out by integrated node teams (hereinafter referred to as "nodal teams"). Each node team includes workers of all professions necessary for the adjustment of this functional and technological node.
2.2.1. The first type of organization of work is applied:
during pre-installation revision, verification, element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment;
at the initial stage of complex adjustment of units, when it is advisable to carry out the initial assurance of the reliability of the equipment in the design volume separately by its types.
2.2.2. Starting from the stage of node-by-node acceptance from individual testing and up to the acceptance of the unit (installation) by the state commission (with the exception of the initial stage of complex adjustment), commissioning is carried out by nodal teams and organized by complex working subcommittees.
2.2.3. The nodal team is organized by the decision of an integrated working subcommittee during individual testing of equipment from among the leading specialists of organizations performing installation and commissioning work at this functional node under contracts: to perform commissioning work, the nodal team may additionally be assigned employees from the assembly and commissioning organizations.
The nodal team is headed by a foreman appointed from among the highly qualified specialists of the leading commissioning organization for the node, the customer, the research organization or the equipment manufacturer.
The foremen of the nodal teams, and, if necessary, the entire composition of the nodal team, are appointed by order of the customer or (when the facility is delivered on a turnkey basis) by the general contractor.
The foreman of the nodal brigade and the brigade subordinate to him can perform commissioning work at two or more functional nodes.
2.2.4. The integrated working subcommittee includes workers of all specialties necessary for the organization and acceptance of work at the site.
The chairman of the complex working subcommittee is a member of the working committee.
The appointment of chairmen and the creation of complex working subcommittees is carried out during the period of individual testing of equipment.
2.2.5. Working and state acceptance commissions are created in the manner and under the conditions corresponding to VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy.
Specialized subcommittees, organized by the working commission in accordance with VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy, can provide assistance to complex working subcommittees in accordance with their areas of activity.
Prior to the organization of the working commission, the customer can form workshop commissions for the acceptance of premises, equipment, etc.
2.3.1. The organization of the production of commissioning works should provide for the "integration" of units of a block or a separate installation, which is sequentially increased from stage to stage, with access to their full functional linkage during the period of complex adjustment.
2.3.2. The preparatory stage of commissioning begins after the release of working drawings. At this stage, the following is done:
study and analysis of design and factory documentation, determination of compliance with design documentation regulatory documents, standard solutions and best practices, development of comments and recommendations to address deficiencies;
drawing up a project for the production of commissioning, including safety measures;
development and approval of work programs for commissioning and commissioning of equipment;
preparation of a fleet of measuring equipment, testing equipment and fixtures, organization and equipment of an object laboratory, provision of workplaces with instruments, tools and instructional and methodological materials;
compiling a list of documentation, the execution of which is necessary at various stages of production and acceptance of commissioning work at each functional unit;
development of the first edition of operating instructions.
Works under clause 2.3.2 are carried out by organizations participating in commissioning works in accordance with the coordination plan individually with the necessary mutual consultations.
2.3.3. At the stage of pre-installation revision and verification of equipment, machines, mechanisms, fittings, control and management facilities, the general operational and technical management is carried out by the customer in the person of the deputy chief engineer for repairs.
The procedure and scope of audits and inspections are established in accordance with the current rules and standards.
The audit is carried out by the relevant workshops of the power plant with the involvement of installation, repair and commissioning enterprises.
The workshops provide the organization of jobs for repair and adjustment personnel in the premises allocated for this purpose by the management of the power plant.
2.3.4. At the stage of element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing, the general operational and technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant for installation.
The procedure for acceptance and individual testing is established, guided by the current rules and standards, by the heads of the power plant workshops together with the relevant heads of the teams of the head commissioning organization, heads of departments of construction, installation and commissioning organizations, and the chief personnel of manufacturing plants.
Adjustment works are carried out by adjustment organizations in accordance with the coordination plan. The workshops ensure the organization of workplaces for adjustment personnel in the premises allocated for the performance of these works by the management of the power plant.
The result of this stage is the execution of the act of the working commission on the acceptance of equipment after individual tests (Appendix 8).
The power supply for commissioning is carried out by the power plant in accordance with current regulations.
2.3.5. At the stage of node-by-unit acceptance from installation and individual testing of the equipment of functional units of the main and general plant equipment, the general operational and technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant for operation.
Acceptance of functional units from installation and individual tests is carried out in a complex from construction, heat installation, electrical installation and commissioning organizations with consideration of the readiness of the unit in terms of construction, heat installation, electrical work and individual tests, with consideration of acts for hidden work and documents (acts, protocols, records in magazines) compiled during the audit of equipment, element-by-element acceptance, individual tests.
By the beginning of the unit-by-unit adjustment and unit-by-unit testing, the installation of the technological equipment of the unit must be fully completed; on the technological equipment commissioning operations were performed that do not require putting the equipment into operation; completed autonomous adjustment of sections of subsystems of automated process control systems included in this node in the amount of:
special software subsystems for the collection and primary processing of information, an information base, a subsystem for presenting information, a subsystem for technological printing of programs for diagnosing technical means;
information channels and signal propagation panels;
cabinets for subsystems of control, blocking, protection and signaling;
control schemes for mechanisms, shut-off and control valves;
automatic control subsystem cabinets;
cabinets (with their verification on simulators) of the functional group control subsystem (FGU);
the operational circuit of the block control panel and all communications within the block control panel.
Conducting node-by-unit acceptance of equipment from installation is carried out by an integrated working subcommittee.
As a result of this acceptance, an acceptance certificate is issued, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant. The form of the act is given in Appendix 9.
If in the process of acceptance of the assembly from the installation and individual tests, defects and imperfections are revealed, then the acceptance is suspended until they are eliminated.
The need to perform work not provided for by the project, factory instructions and other documents is documented by the act of the working commission.
2.3.6. At the stage of commissioning of functional units on idle equipment (cold commissioning) and their testing under load (with voltage supply, air, steam, water, oil with boiler kindling), node-by-unit acceptance into the subsequent comprehensive commissioning, general technical management is carried out by the Deputy Chief Engineer of the power plant for operation.
The commissioning of the node is directly carried out by the node team under the leadership of the foreman.
Works at the stage of commissioning and testing of functional units are carried out according to work programs approved by the chief engineer of the power plant.
Cold commissioning of a functional unit is considered completed if:
all necessary calibrations of analog instruments and checks of factory settings have been performed;
checked the correctness of the passage of all analog signals from sensors to automation, computer technology, instruments and signaling devices;
all protection and alarm settings are set;
the course of regulating bodies and electromagnetic valves is checked;
the correctness of the passage of the signal of discrete devices and sensors used in protection, blocking, automatic control and signaling systems to computer technology and its display means, individual devices, signaling devices and control devices was checked;
motor torque limit switches and position indicators calibrated and tested;
switching equipment checked;
the direction of rotation of the drives of technological mechanisms was checked;
the direction of movement of actuators and indicating devices was checked under control action;
the possibility of operational control from the control panel is installed;
the systems of protection, interlocks, signaling and logic control were checked (as far as possible without the technological mode);
the direction of the impact of automatic control systems was checked, the calculated parameters of their settings were set;
generated and tested the general software of the APCS;
downloaded and tested on simulators special software for automatic process control systems (as far as possible without a technological regime);
the mechanisms were scrolled at idle, it was found that the parameters characterizing the state of the mechanism at idle are within the limits established by standards, factory, design and other regulatory and technological documentation. Completion of the cold checkout points is reflected in the "Joint readiness log for load tests". The form of the journal is given in Appendix 10.
Testing of the unit under load is carried out after the completion of its cold adjustment.
The stage of commissioning and testing of equipment units ends with trial runs, during which the settings are adjusted, debugged, tested and put into operation (on the equipment included in the operation) of the subsystems of protection, interlocks, ARV, signaling, ACP, FGU and the subsystem for presenting information in volume , necessary to ensure the safety and reliability of testing a unit (or installation) in order to check its construction and installation readiness with taking the load, with its release into the operating mode and complex adjustment. Technical programs for testing functional assemblies under load specify the roles and responsibilities of operating personnel.
The organization of testing of the unit after the launch attack in order to accept it for checking the construction and installation readiness and for complex adjustment is carried out by an integrated working subcommittee.
If during the testing of the unit damage, defects or imperfections are revealed, then the testing is interrupted and carried out from the beginning after they are eliminated.
The completion of this stage for each node is documented by the node test report, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant. The protocol form is given in Appendix 11.
The unit is considered accepted for checking construction and installation readiness and for complex adjustment if there is an act of acceptance of the unit from installation and individual testing approved by the chief engineer of the power plant (clause 2.3.5), as well as a test report of the unit (Appendix 11).
2.3.7. Checking the construction and installation readiness of the start-up complex of a power unit or a separate unit is carried out according to a special technical program that provides for the start-up of equipment according to design schemes. At the same time, for a separate boiler unit, it is envisaged to obtain a pair of design parameters, and for a power unit and a separate turbine unit with a generator, synchronization and a set of electrical loads.
The program for checking construction and installation readiness is developed by the head commissioning organization and approved by its chief engineer and the chief engineer of the power plant. In the absence of a head commissioning organization, the program is developed and approved by the customer, involving installation and commissioning organizations in the development of the program.
Operational control of the equipment is carried out by the customer's operating personnel according to pre-developed operating instructions and a program for checking construction and installation readiness.
In accordance with the program, the personnel of installation, commissioning, research organizations and the chief personnel of equipment manufacturers take part in the readiness check in accordance with the program.
The technical manager of the verification of construction and installation readiness is Chief Engineer power plants.
Upon completion of this stage of commissioning, an act is drawn up by the working acceptance committee on the acceptance of the equipment of the unit (installation) after checking the construction and installation readiness. Attached to the act is a list of defects in equipment, installation and construction revealed during testing, as well as a program-schedule for the complex adjustment of units and testing of a unit or a separate unit. The act is approved by the head of the superior instruction of the customer. The form of the act is given in Appendix 12.
Defects in equipment, construction and installation, identified during the verification of the construction and installation readiness of the launch complex, must be eliminated before the start of a comprehensive commissioning of the equipment.
2.3.8. At the stage of complex adjustment of units, unit-by-unit adjustment, testing (research) of equipment in various operating modes is carried out:
when the block or a separate unit is stopped with the inclusion in the operation of individual functional technological units;
during start-ups and shutdowns of a unit or a separate unit according to the program of commissioning tests;
when carrying an electrical load at a level specified by the adjustment program.
In the same period, repair and finishing work is carried out on the stopped equipment, defects identified in the process of adjusting the units are eliminated.
The program of complex adjustment of nodes provides for the separate work of specialists of various professions for the initial adjustment at the first stage certain types equipment in order to ensure the reliability of the installation in the design volume, and then - the integrated work of the nodal teams created at the stage of acceptance, under the technical supervision of the foremen.
Completion of the adjustment of the nodes is documented by the nodal teams with protocols for conducting a comprehensive test of the nodes (in the required operating modes of the power unit, which are approved by the chief engineer of the power plant).
In the same period, a comprehensive adjustment of the subsystems of the automated process control system (including the operational circuit of the block control panel), their trial operation and transfer to commercial operation is carried out.
The operation of the equipment during the period of complex adjustment is envisaged according to separate programs, and electricity generation for this period is not planned according to the dispatch schedule.
During the complex adjustment period, the following is carried out:
technological debugging of functional units during equipment operation in variable and stationary modes;
carrying out and testing of equipment launches from various thermal states according to the schedules of manufacturing plants;
debugging information channels of discrete and analog parameters, as well as updating the information base based on the results of equipment operation;
experimental determination of static and dynamic characteristics of equipment, inclusion of automatic control systems in the design volume;
adjustment and adjustment of technological algorithms and programs for the complex of tasks of automated process control systems on existing equipment;
adjustment of functional group control systems with adjustment of technological algorithms and FGU programs and blocking based on the results of launches;
adjustment of operational technical documentation;
development of control modes and interaction between operational personnel in the conditions of the existing automated process control system and in case of its failures;
trial operation of a set of tasks and subsystems of automated process control systems with testing in variable and stationary modes of equipment operation, its verification for taking the maximum possible (within the design) and maximum continuous load;
transfer of the start-up complex of tasks and subsystems of automated process control systems as part of the power equipment being commissioned into commercial operation.
Complex adjustment ends with a comprehensive testing of equipment with the execution of an act according to SNiP 3.01.04-87 (Appendix 2).
2.3.9. After the completion of work according to the program-schedule for the complex adjustment of a power unit or a separate unit and its comprehensive testing, the said equipment is accepted for operation. Acceptance for operation is carried out by the state acceptance committee with the appointment, if necessary, of control tests and trials.
Samples and tests are carried out under the technical guidance of the chief engineer of the power plant according to the program approved by the state acceptance committee. This produces:
checking the operating modes of the boiler unit, turbine unit, generator, transformer and auxiliary equipment when operating on the main fuel and control algorithms for functional units in stationary and variable modes;
complex check of all subsystems of process control systems;
checking the joint operation of the main units and auxiliary equipment at the maximum possible (within the design) load;
other necessary trials and tests.
Upon successful acceptance by the State Acceptance Commission of a power unit or installation, an act of acceptance of the facility into operation is drawn up in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87 (Appendix 5).
customer;
general contracting organization;
subcontracting specialized organizations (installation, commissioning, etc.);
general designer;
subcontracting design organizations;
research organizations - developers of technical solutions;
adjusting personnel of plants - manufacturers of equipment. Depending on the specific conditions, it is possible to combine the functions of several participants by one organization.
3.1. Customer Responsibilities
Implementation of general, operational and technical management of the quality of construction, installation, adjustment and testing of equipment; carrying out pre-launch and launch operations on equipment, units and unit; work of acceptance committees; elimination of defects in equipment, construction and installation.
Ensuring the organization and conduct of pre-installation inspection of equipment and apparatus.
Ensuring commissioning works at all stages:
financing of works;
by qualified operating personnel (starting from unit testing);
working means and materials in the required quantities;
exemplary devices, design and factory technical documentation.
Ensuring the safety of equipment and installations, the experimental control system, as well as documentation, equipment and apparatus of organizations involved in commissioning at the power unit and a regime that excludes access by unauthorized persons.
Provision of personnel of commissioning and research organizations with service and laboratory premises, housing and other consumer services.
Development, together with the general contractor, of measures to ensure safe working conditions, and the adoption of general measures for safety and fire safety at the power unit.
3.2. Responsibilities of the head commissioning organization
3.2.1. Ensuring the implementation of their volumes of commissioning work on the equipment in accordance with the agreed distribution of volumes between the commissioning organizations involved.
3.2.2. In addition to performing your scope of commissioning:
distribution of adjustment work volumes (when drawing up a coordination plan);
coordination of actions of all participants in commissioning works: development of engineering support for commissioning works, participation in the development and approval of a combined schedule of construction, installation and commissioning works, development or coordination of work and technical programs for commissioning works in accordance with the instructions of Appendix 3, participation in the formation of consolidated commissioning teams , including the allocation of a number of node foremen from its composition;
monitoring the results of commissioning by all participants, participation in the work of acceptance committees;
ensuring round-the-clock duty of leading specialists to provide operational technical assistance during start-up operations on the equipment;
submission to the launch headquarters of issues and proposals related to the organization and progress of construction, installation and commissioning;
summarizing, together with co-executing organizations, the results of commissioning and, on their basis, the prompt issuance of proposals to the customer, design organizations and manufacturing plants (in a copy - to the relevant central offices) to improve technology, schemes, modes and designs of equipment and monitor their implementation;
summarizing the operating experience of similar equipment and issuing a proposal to the customer for implementation;
development together with the customer of instructive and technical documentation.
The head commissioning organization, together with the customer, bears the main responsibility for the timing and quality of commissioning and commissioning of equipment.
3.2.3. The instructions of the head commissioning organization regarding the technology and timing of commissioning are obligatory for all organizations involved in the commissioning of equipment.
3.2.4. The main form of activity of the head commissioning organization is the conclusion of a single contract for the implementation of the entire range of commissioning works with the involvement of other commissioning organizations on a subcontract basis.
3.2.5. Additional performance by the commissioning organization of the functions of the "head" is paid in accordance with the "Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors", approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy and the USSR State Planning Committee of 03.07.87 N 132/109 and under an agreement with the customer.
3.2.6. In the absence of a head commissioning organization, its functions in terms of distribution, control and coordination of work are performed by the customer or, when the facility is delivered on a turnkey basis, by the general contractor.
3.3. Responsibilities of other commissioning organizations
Performance of commissioning works in accordance with the volumes agreed with the customer and the head commissioning organization. Participation in element-by-element acceptance and individual testing of equipment, as well as in acceptance, start-up, complex adjustment and testing of functional units and the unit as a whole (section 2).
Development and coordination with the head commissioning organization and the customer of technical programs for pre-commissioning and commissioning, carried out by them in accordance with the coordination plan and protocols for distributing the scope of work.
Preparation of lists of defects in installation, equipment and project.
3.4. Responsibilities of research organizations and adjustment personnel of manufacturing plants
Co-executors of commissioning works according to the coordination plan carry out, as part of teams, control over the installation and individual testing of equipment: draw up a list of defects in equipment, installation, design and develop proposals for their elimination; carry out technical supervision of installation; adjustment of the scheme of experimental control on the equipment determined by the work distribution protocol;
as part of the nodal teams, they carry out commissioning of functional units, conduct research at the stage of complex adjustment of functional units in the amount necessary to ensure their performance and determine the parameters for setting up automated process control systems; participate in the work of acceptance committees and complex working subcommittees.
3.5. When organizing the construction of turnkey facilities, the customer transfers part of his functions to the general contractor in accordance with the Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated November 10, 1989 N 147.
Attachment 1
APPLICABLE TERMS
Annex 2
CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKS ON ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF COMMISSIONING
Annex 3
Appendix 4
CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKS ON TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Annex 5
Annex 7
LIST OF EQUIPMENT, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS OF TPP WHERE COMMISSIONING IS PERFORMED
A. Technological part
2. Turbines
3. Centrifugal, axial, screw, plunger, vacuum pumps
4. Turbo drives
5. Steam engines
6. Jet devices (ejectors, injectors, thermodynamic pumps)
7. Smoke exhausters
8. Fans
9. Regenerative rotary heaters
10. Mills
11. Cyclones
12. Scrubbers
13. Separators
14. Electrostatic precipitators
15. Receiving and unloading device
16. Device for automated supply of solid fuel
17. Fuel bunkers
18. Pulverizing systems
19. Raw coal and dust feeders
20. Ignition-protective devices
21. Air filters
22. Vacuum plants
23. Suction unit
24. Installations of foam and dust suppression
25. Installation of hydro-steam removal of dust
26. Shot cleaning plants
27. Vacuum installations
28. Receiving and draining fuel systems
29. Liquid fuel tanks (diesel, gas turbine, fuel oil)
30. Installations for the supply of liquid fuels
31. Installations for the supply of gaseous fuels (gas distribution stations and gas distribution points)
32. Ash collection plants
33. Sulfur trapping plants
34. Installations of liquid and dry slag removal
35. Foam fire extinguishing installations
36. Water fire extinguishing systems
39. Deaerators
40. Vessels
41. Tanks, measuring tanks for storing water, reagents, oils
42. Capacitors
43. Heat exchangers
44. Oil cleaning and fuel cleaning machines (separators, centrifuges)
45. Filter presses
46. Water seals with regulators
47. Oil station lubrication
48. Hydropower stations
49. Shut-off, control, safety valves
50. Hydraulic, pneumatic and steam regulators
51. Reducing-cooling and reducing plants
52. Pipelines hot water and couple
53. Gas pipelines, air pipelines, gas ducts
54. Systems of regulation and protection
55. Lubrication systems
56. Water and oil cooling systems for electrical machines
57. Gas cooling systems for electrical machines
58. Cooling systems for electrical machines with superconducting windings
59. Air conditioning systems
60. Heating systems
61. Compressor units
62. Internal combustion engines
63. Cooling towers, channels or conduits for pressure and discharge
64. Spray pools
65. Electrolysis plants
66. Storm drain systems
67. Oily and oily wastewater treatment systems
68. FIACM installations
69. Vacuum filters
70. Wastewater treatment plant
71. Evaporators
72. Brighteners
73. Ion exchange filters
74. Mechanical filters
75. Filter regenerators
76. Sorption filters
77. Mixed filter
78. Electromagnetic filter
79. Stirrers
80. Traps
81. Hydrocyclones
82. Electrodialysis water treatment plant
83. Installation for coagulation of water in a clarifier
84. Installation for liming water in a clarifier
85. Plant for softening and stabilizing water
86. Plants for chemical water desalination
87. Installations for chemical desalination of plant-wide condensates
88. Installations for thermal water desalination
89. Turbine condensate treatment plants
90. Device for unloading, storing and preparing a working reagent
91. Plants for the chemical treatment of cooling water
92. Installations for maintaining the water-chemical regime of boilers
93. Technical water supply system
94. Circulating water supply system
95. Installations for the treatment of turbine, transformer and circulating oils
96. Support-suspension system of technological pipelines
B. Electrical part
1. Synchronous generators and exciters
2. Power and instrument transformers
3. Switching equipment
4. Relay protection devices
5. Automation devices in power supply
6. Devices of voltage and operating current systems
7. Electric machines of electric drives
8. Static Converters
9. Systems of automatic control and regulation of electric drives
10. Alarm devices
11. Measurements in electrical installations
12. Tests with increased voltage
13. Electrical interconnected devices and technological processes
14. Electric elevators
B. Automated control systems
1. Devices for obtaining information about the state of the technological process
2. Means of converting information for transmission over a communication channel
3. Means for converting, processing, storing information and generating control commands
4. Devices for using information by the team to influence the process
5. Devices and devices of local action
6. Electronic computing
7. Equipment for automated control, monitoring and teleprocessing of data
8. Devices for counting equipment and office equipment
9. Software for computing systems
9.1. Adjustment of individual programs
9.2. Adjustment of software systems
9.3. Software development
10. Offline system tuning
11. Complex adjustment of systems
12. Means of telemechanics (devices and equipment of telemechanics)
Annex 8
Appendix 9
Annex 10
II. protection
All protection settings have been set and the operation of the protection on cold equipment has been verified.
III. Signaling
All alarm settings are set and alarm operation on cold equipment is verified.
IV. Measurement channels
The correctness of the passage and display of all analog and discrete signals has been checked.
V. Regulating and shut-off bodies
The stroke of the regulating and shut-off devices has been checked, the torque limit switches and position indicators have been calibrated and tested. Management from all project posts is carried out.
VI. Automatic control and regulation systems (blocking, ASR, FGU)
The direction of impact of the systems has been checked, the calculated settings have been set, the algorithms for working on cold equipment have been tested and correspond to the project.
VII. The APCS application software has been loaded and tested on cold equipment.
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
