Types of lumber and their application. Different types of lumber: their scope

Probably, all of us have done something from timber and boards, but few people have seen how the sawing of logs takes place. Recently I visited a woodworking shop in the village of Sandovo, Tver region. I won't say that the enterprise is very large, there are probably the same ones in all other regions of our country. The production was based on the basis of Sandovskaya MTS. The enterprise had and does not have anything in common with a cellular operator, since in Soviet times MTS was deciphered a little differently, namely, the Machine and Tractor Station.

1. The company "Sandovskaya MTS" performs logging with subsequent removal, then a complex of forestry, reforestation and forest protection work is carried out. The main activity is sawing and planing of wood. Timber of different sections and grades are produced. I will show you this process.

2. Timber is being harvested on a forest plot leased for 49 years with an area of ​​26,571 hectares. And for processing, the timber is delivered to the enterprise in the form of unprocessed logs on such timber trucks.

3. Unloading and warehousing take place directly in the workshop, where the wood is processed.

4. A log is placed on a large sawing machine. From four sides, the so-called slab is cut off from it. A slab is a side part of a log that has one sawn and the other unsawn surface. The croaker is willingly bought by local residents for firewood for heating, since the Sandovsky district is not gasified. It's a shame, of course, but at least someone's "dreams come true" :).

5. After these manipulations, a beam is obtained, which can be sawn into boards or a smaller beam.

6. As a rule, both timber and boards are made from logs, depending on the diameter of the trunk.

7. The enterprise is small, the number of employees is about 50 people.

8. Log feeding mechanism.

9. Devices for fixing the log on the machine.

10. And this, in fact, is the main part of the machine - a circular saw.

11. Eh, I would not like to fall under the teeth of this monster.

12. The work is hard, but women also work at the enterprise.

13. Light operations are performed even by production veterans.

14. The territory of the Sadovsky MTS is huge and there is enough space for storing waste.

15. During the winter, all these mountains of wood will go to heating.

16. "Sandovskaya MTS" not only harvests timber, but also carries out reforestation work on a leased forest area.

16. I would like to show some more photos of the territory of the enterprise. It contains interesting artifacts.

17. In Moscow, such a fire engine is no longer to be found, but here this rarity is serving its purpose.

18. I myself do not know what it is. Most likely also left from MTS.

19. After inspecting the territory General director Igor Karpukhin treated us to meat buns, which we washed down with local cranberry juice. I remember these pies from my childhood :).

20. That's it, it's time! Take care of the forest.

For execution construction works lumber of varying complexity is often in demand. However, this market is widely developed today and presents a wide range of products that are suitable for even the most difficult types of work. Bars and boards made of different types of wood will come in handy if you want to build a house or a gazebo. In this article, we will tell you about the main types of lumber and their performance characteristics.

Board

Most often, this material has a length of about 200 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. It is used in a wide variety of areas, including making furniture and containers for goods and drinks. Interestingly, this lumber has many varieties depending on the scope of its use. So allocate floorboards, oak, beech, edged and planed. As the name implies, floorboards are used to lay the floor in country house. Interestingly, for better bonding, there are special grooves on their sides that guarantee better bonding. These boards are very durable and strong.

Planed boards are very smooth, so they are often purchased for the production of high-end furniture and windows. Edged board is used for finishing works in the house. They are most often made from larch or coniferous species trees. They also produce cabinet furniture of the middle price range.

The beech board is made of valuable breeds tree. It is distinguished by its beauty and durability, so tables and other furniture are often made from them. The same fate befell the oak boards. Unlike beech, they are still purchased for finishing and roofing work.

bar

If you do not use terms that are difficult to understand, then a beam is a log that has been cut from four sides. Most often it is purchased by builders for the construction
oyki country houses. It is perfect for both the main pillars of the building and is involved in the process of pouring the foundation. Sometimes boards are made from beams. We add that they are often used guided by the production technology used at the construction site, and its compliance with the glued subtype is also taken into account. For example, glued beams will last much longer than regular ones. It is made by gluing against the direction of the fibers. Not surprisingly, such a material is more stable and, accordingly, more expensive. Ordinary timber does not have such wear resistance.

croaker

This is the name of the waste that remains after processing one log. However, they are also sold and can be put to good use. Basically dividing them yut into two types: business and wood. The first option is used in construction work to make a rough version of the floor, which will later be reinforced and covered with more elite and attractive materials. The second type of wood is used as fuel for kindling the stove. Interestingly, these types of wood, for some reason, are often confused with boards. But as you already understood, their differences are striking. There is also such a subspecies of croaker as obapol, it is made from the side parts of logs and used in roofing, and also formwork is made from them.

Bar

Bars are made from boards, sawing them along. Then the bars are processed with special equipment. Everyone is divided for the type of this material: these are planed and calibrated bars. The latter is widely applicable in finishing works and construction, and the former is used for the manufacture of various types of furniture. However, the use of bars does not end there. They are widely applicable in the manufacture of containers, as well as various types load-bearing structures.

Other types and uses of lumber

As we noted earlier, thanks to high-quality equipment, we produce different kinds lumber. This article lists the main and most popular of them. However, the entire list of products from this area does not end there. Remember that before ordering any materials, think carefully about the type of your work. Then you can choose the material in accordance with all parameters.

In addition to the above lumber, we produce lining, plywood, block houses, imitation timber and many other lumber that will be appropriate during construction and finishing work in a country house.

Using plywood or lining, you can "sew up" the walls of the gazebo, which you will build on your garden plot or use it in the repair of an apartment.

It all depends solely on the type of construction work that you started, as well as the level of its complexity. Lumber purchased on our website can be an excellent component of your repair or even the construction of a whole country house where you plan to visit with your family every weekend. All presented wood is tested and safe for health.

An interesting video about getting lumber:

Lumber is used for a variety of purposes in construction, including creating a load-bearing structure and finishing a finished building. But for each of them, the appropriate characteristics of wood are needed, which will withstand the transferred load and have a long life.

Therefore, to create lumber, we use different types of wood that are perfect for many tasks.

The main types of wood for lumber

For the production of sawn timber, two types of wood are used: coniferous and deciduous. They are used to create various blanks, including timber and lining, which depends on the individual qualities of the tree species.

More common is coniferous lumber, created on the basis of coniferous wood. The reason for this is their straight and long trunk, which ensures the straightness of the wood. This makes coniferous wood more convenient to process and increase their physical characteristics. A high proportion of resinous substances ensures the durability of such lumber.

Among softwoods for sawn timber is used:

• Larch
• Pine
• Fir

Their natural qualities make it possible to produce excellent wood, which is ideal for building houses and decorating them.

Deciduous trees are more commonly used for interior decoration houses or creating load-bearing structures. They are more difficult to grow than conifers, and processing takes more time. Therefore, the cost of hardwood lumber is somewhat more expensive. But their special qualities appearance, color, texture, strength) are superior to coniferous varieties.

The most valuable wood is oak. This is an extremely strong and durable tree, which is considered the best for lumber. But its strength is reflected by the low growth rate of the tree and the difficulties in processing it.

What material is better?

Each type of wood has its own characteristics and advantages. Softwood lumber is more commonly used to create load-bearing structures and building finishes due to its durability and strength. It is best to use larch for this.

Hardwood lumber is more prone to decay due to the lack of resins, but their texture variety is slightly higher. They are more often used for interior decoration of a building, where the choice of material depends on its color and texture.

The choice of wood also depends on financial capabilities. Durable and reliable types of wood, like oak, are expensive, but saving on lumber is not recommended.

Today, the use of lumber is in great demand in the construction industry. This is not surprising, since wood is a durable and environmentally friendly material. And thanks modern technologies and means of processing, the tree will last for decades.

Types of cut: 1-tangential, 2-radial.

Scope of lumber

In general, lumber is a log sawn along the fibers and has the following characteristics: moisture resistance, strength, ductility, low thermal conductivity and wood density.

Depending on the characteristics, the scope of a particular type is determined. Timber is widely demanded in the construction of houses. With their help, they make the construction of the foundation, temporary buildings, partitions and ceilings.

It is clear that the use of a particular type of lumber also depends on its aesthetic, physical and mechanical qualities. For example, the use of poorly processed wood for exterior finish will end with rotting and subsequently destruction of the material. Also lumber is the main element in the production of furniture, without which the life of any person is unthinkable. In any case, the use of lumber primarily depends on the type of wood.

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The main types of lumber

There is a huge range of wood materials on the market, and all thanks to the popularity of its use in the construction industry. Timber can be classified according to several criteria:

• depending on the type of tree;
• according to the method of wood processing;
• in size and shape.

Depending on the grade, lumber is made from hardwood (beech, aspen, birch, poplar, maple, oak) or coniferous (cedar, pine, fir, spruce, larch) arrays. Softwoods are used more often as they are hard, resistant to moisture and easy to machine. But conifers have one minus, because of which they are subject to relatively rapid decay - resinous substances. Among hardwood varieties The most common is considered to be an unusually strong and hard oak.

There are also unedged and edged ones, depending on the method of wood processing. Edged ones are characterized by smooth edges and a planed surface, and their volume is 13-100 mm. In unedged, the edge is not processed or partially sawn, and the width can be varied. They are used less often than edged ones and mainly for sheathing structures and making decking.

Thanks to specialized equipment, today lumber is produced in various sizes and shapes.

1. The plates are a log sawn in half with one straight side. Their size directly depends on the size of the log used. Other lumber is made from plates: sleepers, boards or bars.
2. Boards are made from large logs or beams. The board can be unedged and edged, with a thickness of up to 100 mm and a width of 200 mm. It is perfect for finishing floors, walls and making furniture.
3. Quarters (opal) are created from the sidewalls of logs. One surface of the obal is sawn through, and the second remains in its original form. This type of lumber is popular in carpentry.
4. Bars. There are 2, 3 and 4-sided bars, depending on the number of processed sides. The thickness and width of the beam is about 100 mm. Due to their strength and ability to withstand significant loads, the beams are used in the construction of houses and load-bearing structures.
5. The sleepers are notable for their small length, but significant width and thickness. They are the same bars and differ in large cross sections. The main scope of application is the construction of railway tracks.
6. Slab - sidewall of a log. The material is a waste that is generated in the process of sawing logs. It is used in the construction of temporary buildings and auxiliary buildings.
7. Bars. This lumber differs from the timber in size. The thickness is 100 mm and the length does not exceed 200 mm. They are great for creating door frames and various crossbeams. Bars are also used in the manufacture of furniture, carpentry and other areas.

Regardless of the type of lumber, it is worth paying Special attention on the quality characteristics of wood. If the humidity level exceeds the norm (10-15%), the material may crack, deform or dry out. In this case, the good quality of construction work is out of the question.

Probably, all of us have done something from timber and boards, but few people have seen how the sawing of logs takes place. Recently I visited a woodworking shop in the village of Sandovo, Tver region. I won't say that the enterprise is very large, there are probably the same ones in all other regions of our country. The production was based on the basis of Sandovsky MTS. The enterprise had and does not have anything in common with a cellular operator, since in Soviet times MTS was deciphered a little differently, namely, the Machine and Tractor Station. The company "Sandovskaya MTS" performs logging with subsequent removal, then a complex of forestry, reforestation and forest protection work is carried out. The main activity is sawing and planing of wood. Timber of different sections and grades are produced. I will show you this process.
Timber is being harvested on a forest plot leased for 49 years with an area of ​​26,571 hectares. And for processing, the timber is delivered to the enterprise in the form of unprocessed logs on such timber trucks.
Unloading and warehousing take place directly in the workshop, where the wood is processed.
A log is placed on a large sawing machine. From four sides, the so-called slab is cut off from it. A slab is a side part of a log that has one sawn and the other unsawn surface. The croaker is willingly bought by local residents for firewood for heating, since the Sandovsky district is not gasified. It's a shame, of course, but at least someone's "dreams come true" :).
After these manipulations, a beam is obtained, which can be sawn into boards or a smaller beam.
As a rule, both timber and boards are made from logs, depending on the diameter of the trunk.
The company is small with about 50 employees.
Log feeding mechanism.
Devices for fixing logs on the machine.
And this, in fact, is the main part of the machine - a circular saw.
Eh, I would not want to get under the teeth of this monster.
The work is hard, but the company also employs women.
Light operations are performed even by production veterans.
The territory of the Sadovsky MTS is huge and there is enough space for storing waste.
During the winter, all these mountains of wood will be used for heating.
"Sandovskaya MTS" not only harvests timber, but also carries out reforestation work on a leased forest area.
I would like to show some more photos of the territory of the enterprise. It contains interesting artifacts.
In Moscow, such a fire truck is no longer to be found, but here this rarity is serving its purpose.
I myself don't know what it is. Most likely also left from MTS.
After inspecting the territory, General Director Igor Karpukhin treated us to buns with meat, which we washed down with local cranberry juice. I remember these pies from my childhood.