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The cost of heating is constantly growing, but the desired heat in the apartment is often not. Especially it begins to disturb the tenants with the onset of cold weather. Although they receive huge receipts, apartment thermometers show disappointing numbers. To protect their interests, each consumer of the central heating service must know the temperature standards in the apartment during the heating season.

Official heating period

With the onset of autumn and the temperature drop in the apartments, it is getting colder, so the residents are looking forward to the start of the heating season. However, not everyone knows the official dates in which the supply of heat to the apartment must begin and end according to the law.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 dated May 6, 2011 clearly regulates the factors that affect the start and stop of the supply of heat to residential buildings. The document specifies the temperature indicators of the air on the street, at which the supply of hot water to the batteries begins in the autumn and stops in the spring.

It is worth knowing at what temperature they turn on heating in apartments legally. The main condition for the beginning of the heating season is the decrease in the average daily air temperature to +8 °C and the preservation of this indicator for five consecutive days.

Turn off the heat supply heating systems as soon as the outdoor temperature rises to +8 °C and remains at this level for a similar period of time.

These deadlines are for centralized system heating. When they should give heat to apartments with an autonomous circuit, the residents themselves determine.

As practice shows, the heating season usually begins in mid-October and lasts until early April.

What determines the temperature in the apartment

There can be many reasons why the temperature in the apartment does not reach comfortable values. Sometimes heating networks are to blame for this, which lower the temperature of the water supplied to the apartments.

Residents can make claims to them if the parameters of the inlet coolant (water pressure and temperature) in the building, where it is provided central heating apartment building do not meet the established minimum.

There are other reasons for the cold in residential premises:

• poor permeability of the coolant, which occurs due to the formation of an air lock or clogging of the pipe with rust;
• differences in SNiPs. Since the housing stock of Russia mainly appeared in the last century, in different periods of construction there were various rules and norms.

Thus, even if two houses are nearby and have serviceable batteries and pipes, the SanPiN requirements for heating residential premises can be observed in one, and the temperature below the established standards is invariably recorded in the other.

Heating utilities: consumption rates

The Rules for the establishment and determination of standards for the consumption of utilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2006 N 306 "On approval of the Rules for the establishment and determination of standards for the consumption of utilities" (with additions and changes), mentions the consumption standard public service for heating in 2020.

Guided by the provisions of this document, self-government bodies in the regions determine such standards for a particular locality and post them on their official website.

The calculations take into account:

• number of storeys of MKD;
• year of construction of the building (before 1999 or after);
• the presence or absence in the composition of the common property of premises for domestic and sanitary purposes.

The norms of heat supply in an apartment building are indicated in Gcal per 1 m2 of the total area of ​​​​all premises.

Separately, standards are set, taking into account the multiplying factor for residential buildings, in which there is a technical possibility of installing common house metering devices.

Temperature norms in the apartment during the heating season

The defining and regulating document for temperature standards in residential premises is GOST 30494-2011 "Indoor microclimate parameters". The sanitary temperature norm in an apartment in winter in Russia is also set in accordance with the provisions of this document.

The basic principle of determining the norms is the comfort of those living in the apartment. According to experts, for most people the acceptable temperature range is between 18-24 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the permissible temperature minimum established for residential premises in MKD apartments, starts from +18 degrees.

Such temperature standards in an apartment during the heating season suggest that residents can stay in a dwelling for a long time without outerwear without fear of getting sick.

Temperature regimes in various rooms and their norms

Although the standards for apartments in MKD are determined by regulatory documents, they differ somewhat depending on the location of the dwelling in the construction of the house. Thus, the norm of heat in a corner apartment in winter, which is exposed to frost and wind more than other rooms, is from +20 °C.

Inside the apartment different rooms There are also different temperature standards depending on their purpose. So, GOST establishes the following acceptable and optimal values ​​for:

• living rooms - 18 ° C (20-22);
• kitchens - 20°C (22-23);
• combined bathrooms and bathrooms - 18 ° C (24-26);
• toilets - 18 ° C (19-21);
• premises for training sessions and rest - 18 ° C (20-22);
• pantries - 14 ° C (16-18);
• inter-apartment corridors - 16 ° C (18-20);
• stairwells, lobbies -12°C (16-18).

According to the same GOST, from 24:00 to 05:00 in residential premises the temperature can be reduced by 3°C.

How is room temperature measured?

If residents know the standards that are set for the heating season for residential premises, and their apartment thermometers show temperatures below acceptable limits, you should write an application for measuring the temperature in the apartment or send it by e-mail.

Based on the received application, the Criminal Code creates a commission and, with the participation of the applicant, measures the temperature measuring device, which the:

• has an appropriate certificate;
• passed registration and state verification;
• has a measurement range from 5 to 40 °C and an allowable error of not more than 0.1 °C in the manner and to the extent that are established by GOST 30494-96 (clause 4 "Control methods").

To establish the causes of poor-quality heating at home, the management company conducts instrumental control of the technical condition of the heating system in accordance with VSN 57-88 (r) “Regulations on the technical inspection of residential buildings”.

How to determine the temperature of the coolant in batteries

When it gets cold in the apartment in winter, and the radiators still do not heat up, the question arises of how to measure the temperature of the batteries and whether there are any standards for this equipment.

The easiest way to check is to open the valve, drain hot water and measure the temperature.

If this is not possible, you need to attach a regular thermometer to the radiator and add a couple of degrees of error to the result. An infrared pyrometer can also be used for this purpose.

The indicators should not be less than 35-40 ° C or exceed 95 degrees of heating of the coolant.

If utilities violate the rules

If the measurement of temperature indicators revealed a discrepancy with the mentioned standards, the tenant has the right to demand a reduction in the payment for heat by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance by the utilities of the Criminal Code with the established temperature standards.

Financial losses for the UK will be very tangible. In just 4 weeks of poor-quality heating supply to the apartment, the amount of payment will decrease by more than 90%.

Most often, such issues are resolved, and judicial practice shows that it is quite possible to defend your rights and receive impressive compensation. This is clearly demonstrated by the example of 2014, when a resident of the Perm Territory recovered 136,000 rubles by court order from utilities for non-compliance with their obligations to supply heat to her house.

conclusions

After reviewing the terms of the heating season established by law and finding out how many degrees of heat should be in the apartment during this period, residents can control the quality of the services provided by utilities. In case of violation of the standards and failure to take measures to eliminate emergency situations in heating networks, consumers have the right to sue the service provider and demand recalculation for failure to fulfill contractual obligations.

Lawyer. Member Chamber of Lawyers St. Petersburg. Experience more than 10 years. Graduated from St. Petersburg State University. I specialize in civil, family, housing, land law.

Compliance with heating regulations winter period very important, because otherwise the occupants may become very cold.

The standards are set by GOST standards and are taken into account by management companies.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical solutions legal issues but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

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Exist building regulations and norms - SNiPs, according to which the features of the temperature regime in apartments during the winter period are established.

They are used primarily to protect the rights and interests of citizens.

Norms in winter indoors according to GOST

The temperature in the apartment must comply with the standards given in the table. This is especially important when creating a room for a newborn baby in the house.

Ordinary living rooms are heated at an average level, according to GOST, but in the corner temperature should always be 2 to 4 degrees higher due to the peculiarities of its location and cold air blowing.

in spring and summer time heating is turned off after the temperature in the region reaches +8 degrees and lasts for several days.

How to take measurements correctly

After a citizen notices that the heating in the room is insufficient, he begins to demand that the public utilities reduce utility bills.

Before doing this, it is necessary to conduct an independent check for possible hypothermia of the apartment for other reasons.

After the employees of the Criminal Code arrive at the house, they will start checking the battery, the premises, measure how many degrees of heat are stored in the room, but if they notice a draft, they can not hope for a recalculation.

In order to exclude such a situation, before calling the masters at home, you need to do the following:

After the measurements are made, you can submit an application to the house management, after which a master will be sent with a high-precision measuring device.

The text of the application must contain the following items:

The commission takes measurements of temperature, microclimate in the room, checks the heating system and draws up an appropriate act.

Then, depending on the detected problems, a decision is made on further actions.

If the house management did not agree with the applicant on the date of the master’s visit to the premises and did not send workers, then you should contact other, higher authorities.

Video: excess heat

Where to contact in case of deviations from the permissible level

If violations of the temperature regime in the room are detected, citizens should contact the following authorities:

1. House management - in the absence of a result, the application is transferred further.
2. City housing inspection.
3. City or village administration.

Appeal is carried out in order of priority. You need to submit documents to the organization at the place of residence, this will speed up the process.

The sequence of actions of the owner of the apartment in case of poor heating:

There is a unified system for Russia hotline, to which citizens from any city can complain about the lack of heating in the apartment - 8 - 800 - 700 - 88 - 00 or +7 - 800 - 700 - 88 - 00.

The operator will ask questions about the city of residence, home address and type of problem, ask if self-measurements were made and what is the temperature in the room at the time of the call.

Factors affecting the indoor climate

The microclimate of the premises in a residential building is formed under the influence of several factors. Among them are the following:

1. Season. In winter, artificial heating is used - from pipes. In summer, the walls of houses warm up under the influence of sunlight.
2. Climatic conditions, which may differ depending on the region of residence of a citizen.
3. Technical characteristics and features of the house.
4. The number of people living in the apartment.

Each factor must be considered separately:

Before you call a specialist to take measurements and write a complaint to the regulatory authorities, you should independently assess the microclimate in the premises, taking into account all the above factors, since they can have a significant impact on the result.

The requirements for air temperature in residential premises during the cold season are contained in GOST R 51617-2000. State standard Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. General specifications.", approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia of June 19, 2000 N 158-st (as amended on July 22, 2003).

The specified GOST, depending on the purpose of the premises, determines the permissible values ​​\u200b\u200bof the air temperature in residential premises: from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius.

So, for example, if general rule, the air temperature in the living room of the apartment should be at least 18 degrees Celsius, then the air temperature in the bathroom or the combined room of the restroom and bathroom should be 25 degrees Celsius.

The permissible air temperature in the lobby, stairwell, common corridor in the apartment building is 16 degrees.

Norms of air temperature in apartments according to SanPiN

SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 (sanitary rules and norms) approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 10.06.2010 N 64.

The values ​​of the optimal and permissible air temperature in the premises are given in Appendix No. 2 to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 (“Optimal and permissible norms for temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the premises of residential buildings”).

The name of a room air temperature in degrees Celsius
optimal allowable

Cold period of the year

Living room 20-22 18-24

The same, in districts the most 21-23 20-24
cold five days
(minus 31 C and below)

Kitchen 19-21 18-26
Toilet 19-21 18-26
Bathroom, combined bathroom 24-26 18-26
Inter-apartment corridor 18-20 16-22
Vestibule, staircase 16-18 14-20
Storerooms 16-18 12-22

Warm period of the year

Living room 22-25 20-28

The management company must ensure temperature regime not only in apartments, but also on stairwells, attics and basements.

In accordance with clause 4.10.2.1. Rules and norms of technical operation housing stock"approved Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170, housing maintenance organizations during the operation of residential buildings should regularly take measures to maintain the proper temperature and humidity conditions and air exchange in residential and auxiliary premises.

Moreover, the management company is obliged to maintain the temperature and humidity conditions not only in the apartments of a residential building, but also:

AT attic spaces(in cold attic rooms - no more than 4 degrees Celsius above the outside temperature, in warm attic rooms - no lower than 12 degrees Celsius). (clause 3.3. Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 170);

AT basements and technical undergrounds (basements must be dry, clean, have lighting and ventilation. The air temperature must not be lower than +5 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity of the air must not be higher than 60%). (clauses 3.4.1., 4.1.3. Decrees of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 170);

On the stairwells(air temperature - not less than +16 degrees Celsius) (clause 4.8.14. Gosstroy Resolution No. 170).

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On approval of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10

CHIEF STATE SANITARY PHYSICIAN OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

On approval of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10

Document as amended by:
Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2010 N 175.

In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, art. 1650; 2002, N 1 (part 1), art. 2; 2003, N 2, item 167; N 27 (part 1), item 2700; 2004, N 35, item 3607; 2005, N 19, item 1752; 2006, N 1, item 10; N 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007, N 1 (Part 1), Article 21; N 1 (Part 1), Article 29; N 27, Article 3213; N 46, Article 5554; No. 49, art. 6070; 2008, No. 24, art. 2801; No. 29 (part 1), art. 3418; No. 30 (part 2), art. 3616; No. 44, art. Part 1), Art. 6223; 2009, N 1, Art. 17) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 N 554 "On Approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing" (Sobraniye zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004, N 8, Art. 663; N 47, Art. 4666; 2005, N 39, Art. 3953)

I decide:

1. Approve the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises" (Appendix).

2. Enact the said sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from August 15, 2010.

G. Onishchenko

Registered
at the Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
July 15, 2010
registration N 17833

Application. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises

Application

APPROVED
decision of the Main State
sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation
of June 10, 2010 N 64

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10

____________________________________________________________________
The document takes into account:
(Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2010 N 175).
____________________________________________________________________

I. General provisions and scope

1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed when placing, designing, reconstructing, constructing and operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.

1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in the buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, shift camps.

1.4 Sanitary rules are intended for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to exercise state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

1.5. Control over compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to exercise state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

II. Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings during their placement

2.1. Residential buildings must be located in accordance with the general plan of the territory, the functional zoning of the territory of the city, township and other settlements (paragraph as amended, effective from March 27, 2011

2.2. The land allocated for the placement of residential buildings must:

- be located outside the territory of industrial and communal, sanitary protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;

- comply with the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, the quality of atmospheric air, the level of ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation .

2.3. Allotted for the construction of a residential building land plot should provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with a clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, gaming, sports, utility sites, guest parking lots, green spaces.

2.4. When landscaping the adjacent territory of residential buildings, it must be taken into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1.5 m The height of shrubs should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the premises on the ground floor.

2.5. There should be no transit traffic along the intra-yard driveways of the local area. It is necessary to provide an entrance for special vehicles to the sites of garbage collectors.

2.6. The distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of the premises of residential and public buildings and territories.

2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is planned to provide them with water supply, sewerage, heat supply, electricity supply

2.8. On the land plots, entrances and passages to each building should be provided. Places for placing parking lots or garages for cars must comply with hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects.

It is forbidden to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, adjust sound signals, brakes and engines in the adjacent territories.

2.9. Areas in front of the entrances of houses, driveways and footpaths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard coatings, the possibility of free flow of melt and storm water should be provided.

2.10. It is forbidden to place any trade and public catering enterprises on the territory of the courtyards of residential buildings, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, production facilities, enterprises for minor repairs of cars, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots except for guest ( paragraph as amended, put into effect on March 27, 2011 by Amendments and Additions No. 1 of December 27, 2010.

2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, in winter time- anti-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, anti-icing reagents, etc.).

2.12. The territory of the courtyards of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Lighting standards are given in Appendix 1 to these sanitary rules.

III. Hygienic requirements for residential premises and public premises located in residential buildings

3.1. Placement of residential premises of apartments in the basement and basement floors is not allowed.

3.2. It is allowed to place public premises, engineering equipment and communications in residential buildings, subject to hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields.

in basements and basement floors such residential buildings, it is allowed to build built-in and built-in parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceiling ceilings are sealed and equipped with a device for removing vehicle exhaust gases.

3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.

3.4. Placement in residential premises of industrial production is not allowed.

3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placement above the garages of premises for working with children, premises for medical and preventive purposes is not allowed.

3.6. In residential buildings of any number of storeys, on the ground, basement or basement floors, a pantry for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink, should be provided. It is allowed to arrange pantries with an area of ​​​​at least 3 m / person for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. At the same time, the exit from the floor where the pantries are located must be isolated from the residential part. The laying of sewer networks in utility storerooms is prohibited.

3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for staff vehicles must be located outside the local area.

Loading materials, products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.

It is allowed not to arrange loading rooms with an area of ​​built-in public premises up to 150 m2.

3.8. In residential buildings, it is not allowed to place bathrooms and toilets directly above living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) directly above the kitchen and additions No. 1 dated December 27, 2010 .

3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet bowl directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that the apartment has a second room equipped with a toilet bowl, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.

3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping the house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins should provide the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.

3.11. Above the living rooms, under them, and also adjacent to them, it is not allowed to place the engine room and elevator shafts, the garbage collection chamber, the trunk of the garbage chute and the device for cleaning and washing it, the electrical panel room.

IV. Hygienic requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate and indoor air

4.1. Heating and ventilation systems must provide acceptable microclimate and indoor air conditions. The optimal and permissible parameters of the microclimate in the premises of residential buildings are given in Appendix 2 to these sanitary rules (the paragraph was supplemented from March 27, 2011 by Amendments and Additions No. 1 of December 27, 2010.

4.2. Heating systems must provide uniform heating of the air in the premises throughout the entire heating period, do not create odors, do not pollute indoor air harmful substances emitted during operation, do not create additional noise, must be accessible to current repair and service.

4.3. The item was excluded from March 27, 2011 by Amendments and additions No. 1 of December 27, 2010 ..

4.4. Heaters should be easily accessible for cleaning. In case of water heating, the surface temperature of the heating devices must not exceed 90°C. For devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75 ° C, it is necessary to provide protective barriers.

4.5. The premises of the first floors of residential buildings located in the I climatic region must have heating systems for uniform heating of the floor surface.

4.6. The device of autonomous boiler houses for heat supply of residential buildings is allowed subject to hygienic requirements for the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas, hygienic standards for noise and vibration.

4.7. Natural ventilation of residential premises should be carried out by air flow through the windows, transoms, or through special openings in the window sashes and ventilation ducts. Exhaust duct openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and drying cabinets.

The device of the ventilation system must exclude the flow of air from one apartment to another.

Merging is not allowed ventilation ducts kitchens and sanitary facilities with living rooms.

4.8. Ventilation of objects located in residential buildings should be autonomous. May be attached to a common exhaust system residential building exhaust ventilation of public premises that do not have harmful emissions.

4.9. Exhaust ventilation shafts should protrude above the roof ridge or flat roof to a height of at least 1 m.

4.10. The concentration of chemicals in the air of residential premises during the commissioning of buildings should not exceed the average daily maximum allowable concentrations (hereinafter referred to as MPC) of pollutants established for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in the absence of average daily MPC, not exceed the maximum one-time MPC or indicative safe levels impact (hereinafter - SHEE).

V. Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation

5.1. Living rooms and kitchens of residential buildings should have natural lighting through light openings in the outer building envelope.

5.2. The coefficient of natural illumination (hereinafter referred to as KEO) in living rooms and kitchens must be at least 0.5%.

5.3. With one-sided side lighting in residential buildings, the standard value of KEO should be provided at the design point located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the room and the floor plane at a distance of 1 m from the wall farthest from the light openings: in one room - for one-, two- and three-room apartments, and two rooms for four- and five-room apartments. In the remaining rooms of multi-room apartments and in the kitchen, the standard value of KEO with side lighting should be provided at the design point located in the center of the room on the floor plane.

5.4. All premises of residential buildings must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.

5.5. Illumination on landings, stairs, elevator lobbies, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics should be at least 20 lux on the floor.

5.6. Above each main entrance to a residential building, luminaires must be installed that provide illumination at the entrance site of at least 6 lux for a horizontal surface and at least 10 lux for a vertical surface at a height of 2.0 m from the floor. Lighting should also be provided. footpath at the entrance to the building.

5.7. Residential premises and adjacent territory should be provided with insolation in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings.

5.8. The normalized duration of continuous insolation for the premises of residential buildings is set for certain calendar periods differentially depending on the type of apartments, the functional purpose of the premises, the planning zones of the city and the geographic latitude of the area:

- for the northern zone (to the north of 58°N) - at least 2.5 hours per day from April 22 to August 22;

- for the central zone (58° N - 48° N) - at least 2.0 hours per day from March 22 to September 22;

5.9. The normative duration of insolation must be ensured in at least one room of 1-3-room apartments and at least two rooms of 4-room apartments or more.

5.10. Discontinuity in the duration of insolation is allowed, in which one of the periods must be at least 1 hour. In this case, the total duration of normalized insolation should increase by 0.5 hours, respectively, for each zone.

____________________________________________________________________
Clauses 5.12 and 5.13 of the previous edition from March 27, 2011 are considered, respectively, clauses 5.11 and 5.12 of this edition - Amendments and additions No. 1 of December 27, 2010.
____________________________________________________________________

5.11. For residential buildings located in the northern and central zones, it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation by 0.5 hours in the following cases:

- in two-room and three-room apartments where at least two rooms are insolated;

- in four- and multi-room apartments, where at least three rooms are insolated;

- during the reconstruction of residential buildings located in the central and historical zones of cities, determined by their general development plans.

5.12. At children's playgrounds and sports grounds located in the local area, the duration of insolation should be at least 3 hours for 50% of the sites of the site, regardless of geographic latitude.

VI. Hygienic requirements for the levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound and infrasound, electromagnetic fields and radiation, ionizing radiation

(Chapter as amended as of March 27, 2011
Changes and additions N 1 dated December 27, 2010, -

6.1. The maximum permissible sound pressure levels, equivalent and maximum sound levels in the premises of residential buildings and on the territory of residential development are given in Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules.

6.1.1. Noise levels from external sources in residential premises are evaluated taking into account their measurement with open windows, transoms, narrow window sashes.

6.1.2. Equivalent and maximum sound levels in dBA for noise generated on the territory by means of road and rail transport within 2 m from the enclosing structures of the first echelon of noise-protective types of residential buildings facing the main streets of citywide and regional significance, railways, it is allowed to take 10 dBA higher (correction = +10 dBA) specified in the second line of Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules.

6.1.3. Sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands in dB, sound levels and equivalent sound levels in dBA for noise generated in rooms and areas adjacent to buildings, air conditioning, air heating and ventilation systems and other engineering and technological equipment of the building itself should be take 5 dBA lower (correction = minus (-) 5 dBA) specified in Annex 3 to these sanitary rules (the correction for tonal and impulse noise should not be accepted in this case).

6.1.4. For tonal and impulse noise, a correction of minus (-) 5 dBA should be taken.

6.2. The maximum permissible levels of vibration in residential premises are given in Appendix 4 to these sanitary rules.

6.2.1. In the daytime in residential premises it is permissible to exceed the normative levels by 5 dB.

6.2.2. For intermittent vibration, the allowable values ​​of the levels given in Annex 4 to these sanitary rules are subject to a correction of minus (-) 10 dB, and the absolute values ​​are multiplied by 0.32.

6.3. The maximum permissible levels of infrasound in residential areas and in residential buildings are given in Appendix 5 to these sanitary rules.

6.4. Maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields (hereinafter - EMF) when exposed to the population.

6.4.1. Maximum allowable level of geo attenuation magnetic field in the premises of residential buildings is set equal to 1.5.

6.4.2. The maximum permissible level of electrostatic field strength in residential premises is 15 kV/m.

6.4.3. On the territory of populated areas, the maximum permissible intensity of an alternating electric field with a frequency of 50 Hz at a height of 2 m is 1000 V / m, and in residential premises the maximum permissible intensity of an alternating electric field with a frequency of 50 Hz at a height of 0.5 to 2 m from the floor is 500 W/m.

6.4.4. Permissible levels of EMF in the frequency range 30 kHz - 300 GHz for the population (in the residential area, in places of mass recreation, inside residential premises) are given in Appendix 6 to these sanitary rules.

6.4.5. The requirements of this section do not apply to electromagnetic effects of a random nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects.

6.4.6. The permissible intensity of the alternating magnetic field is given in Appendix 7 to these sanitary rules.

6.4.7. The levels of electric field strength with a frequency of 50 Hz, created by the supply and power equipment of transmitting radio engineering facilities (PRTO) inside residential buildings, should not exceed the maximum permissible levels for the population.
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The construction business is booming every day. Not only state-owned, but also private companies work in this area. In this regard, there is a need to develop special standards that should guide all developers.

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The current sanitary norms and rules contain requirements for the main characteristics of buildings, the observance of which is necessary during their construction.

General information

Each subject living in society must adhere to the established rules and order. Such norms are also established for living in any residential type premises, including private and multi-apartment buildings.

Sanitary standards adopted in 2010 help maintain order in the territories apartment buildings and the premises located in them, improve living conditions, increase the level of comfort for citizens.

Established standards are not associated with legal status the user of the dwelling, as they are the same for all individuals and legal entities involved in the design and construction work operating the premises.

A building that contains two or more residential apartments with independent exits to is recognized as an apartment building.

This house consists of:

• premises of residential and non-residential type;
• premises of other types (elevators, etc.);
• engineering type systems;
• communications.

When planning the construction of a residential building and during its operation, all established norms regarding heating, sewerage, electricity, etc. must be observed.

Normative base

In 2020, the following rules and regulations apply regarding the maintenance of residential buildings:

• Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
• Norms and rules of construction.
• A law providing for the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population ().

These standards are mandatory for use and compliance with all individuals and legal entities directly related to the construction and operation of residential buildings.

SanPin for multi-apartment residential buildings

SanPin was approved by the Chief Sanitary Doctor in 2010. This document is the main document disclosing the obligations to comply with sanitary standards in residential buildings.

Local authorities monitor compliance with this particular document, which is a fundamental set of rules that must be observed.

Requirements for the site and adjacent territory

Each residential building has an adjacent territory, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is determined local authority authorities, when planning a settlement.

For this type of sites, the requirements and conditions for compliance with SanPin are provided:

• the area near the house should not contain hazardous substances;
• the presence of dangerous microorganisms is not allowed in the land of the site;
• vibration various types origin should not exceed the established;
• the territory should have the possibility of locating playgrounds and sports grounds, plantings, recreation areas, parking lots.

To the premises

Rules and requirements for residential premises:

• pipelines and sanitary-technical devices are mounted on internal interior partitions and interior walls;
• in houses with less than five storeys, passenger, and in certain cases, freight elevators must be installed;
• it is forbidden to equip special-purpose premises with lifting mechanisms above living rooms;
• the location of the garbage chute and electrical cabinets in the apartments is not allowed.

All premises must be operated in strict accordance with their original purpose. It is not allowed to store hazardous substances in the premises. All work exceeding the established levels of noise, pollution and violating the rights of residents and other citizens is not allowed.

All attics and basements, including rooms lift shafts, stairwells, should not be littered and contaminated.

Residents of the house and other interested and responsible persons must take timely measures to conduct repair work premises, engineering systems.

Interior decoration

The requirements also apply interior decoration apartment buildings:

• harmful substances that are part of the finishing mixtures should not exceed the permissible value, especially if the temperature in the building can increase, which leads to evaporation;
• a sewerage system should be provided at the planning stage, if it is absent, then a residential building cannot exceed more than two floors in height;
• the temperature regime of sanitary facilities must correspond to the temperature of the residential heated premises.

Heating and ventilation

The established norms provide for the safe living of citizens in residential buildings. Heating and ventilation devices are responsible for such conditions.

Sanitary standards in an apartment building regarding heating and ventilation:

• the operation of the systems must be uninterrupted throughout the heating season;
• heating systems should not create extraneous odors;
• air pollution is unacceptable with fumes and substances released during heating systems;
• access to systems should always be available;
• the temperature regime in relation to contact with the walls should be within three degrees, between the room and the floor - two degrees.

If we are talking about a ventilation system, then the conditions and requirements include:

• it is forbidden to combine ventilation systems for two apartments into one;
• it is not allowed to combine the exhaust ducts of sanitary facilities and the kitchen;
• each additional room should be equipped with individual systems.

Lighting

Residential buildings must be equipped window openings, into which natural lighting will penetrate unhindered.

All rooms must be equipped artificial lighting. Planning of buildings should be carried out in such a way that sunlight freely penetrates into the premises in sufficient volume.

Lighting systems should also be installed in the local area. Entrances to the entrances of sidewalk paths should be equipped with artificial light, at night and daytime, by installing lanterns.

Noise

Rules and requirements for the permissible noise level:

• extraneous sounds in the premises can be created by ventilation systems and other technological devices;
• the noise level of such devices should be reduced by 5 decibels;
• houses located near roads, with windows overlooking that direction, it is recommended to install double-glazed windows to help reduce the noise tolerance from the outside;
• the level of extraneous sounds is added up taking into account the sources of origin, which include engineering equipment and household appliances.

Engineering equipment

Requirements for engineering equipment equipment:

• provision of residential buildings with drinking water and hot water, sewers and drains;
• the construction of one- and two-story houses can be carried out without centralized engineering networks, with non-sewer latrines;
• connection of networks of drinking and non-drinking water pipes is not allowed;
• if the house has a garbage chute, then its hatches should be located on the stairwells;
• the garbage chute must be in good condition, and equipped with devices for its cleaning and disinfection;
• containers for export household waste must be taken out daily;
• a special platform should be equipped for the installation of garbage containers.

Liability for violation

If you have any questions and disputes regarding compliance with SanPin norms for residential buildings of multi-apartment type, you should contact the local administration or house management, by submitting an application, listing all the rules and regulations that have been violated.