Early pregnancy is important to know. Everything pregnant women need to know! Things that a woman will need in the hospital

Even during the planning of pregnancy, the expectant mother should study information about the intricacies of bearing a child, childbirth, as well as those changes that the female body undergoes. Such an attitude towards pregnancy will allow you to determine when you need to consult a doctor, and when the changes are natural and do not pose a threat.

What a woman should know when planning a pregnancy

The basis of what a pregnant woman needs to know is the normal course of pregnancy.

1. A woman usually finds out about her pregnancy 3-4 weeks after conception. The first signs of toxicosis are observed - nausea and bouts of vomiting. Perhaps a constant feeling of fatigue, weight loss, swelling of the mammary glands. A gynecologist should be consulted with persistent weight loss, as well as with pulling sensations in the lower abdomen. The appearance of bloody discharge signals the need to call an ambulance.
2. When the gestational age reaches 6 - 7 weeks, you need to register in the antenatal clinic. By the way, the gynecologist will explain in an accessible way what exactly a woman needs to know during her first pregnancy.
3. The increase in the volume of the uterus begins from the 16th week. A woman with hypersensitivity is already at this time able to feel a slight movement of the fetus.
4. If by the period of 20 - 22 weeks the fetal movement is not felt, consult a gynecologist. Perhaps you just overweight and there is no pathology. Very rare or frequent movements, at times, are a symptom of a lack of oxygen for a developing fetus.
5. Weight gain should be carefully considered, especially in the second half of pregnancy. Women need to know that during pregnancy they normally gain about 12 kilograms. Rapid weight gain is stopped by fasting days and sparing diets.
6. At 32 - 33 weeks, the child should take head diligence in the uterus. The transverse, gluteal or oblique position of the baby is corrected with the help of special exercises. Also, quite often, during this period, a pregnant woman increases arterial pressure. Persistent hypertension is indicated for treatment in a hospital setting. Especially if preeclampsia develops - high blood pressure in combination with swelling and the appearance of protein in the urine.
7. From the 38th week, the pregnancy is full-term. If contractions occur or amniotic fluid breaks, go to the hospital immediately.

What you need to know during pregnancy to facilitate its course

Very often women call me with such questions: “I found out that I am pregnant, where do I start? What to do? Where to run? What to take? I decided that it was easier to write a detailed short guide than to tell everything all over again.

This article is your quick guide to a new country for you - "pregnancy". It is then that you will study everything that is possible and will be perfectly oriented in all signs and states. In the meantime, I give you quick, concise advice - what to do, what to quit, what to eat and drink, what vitamins to take and others.

So, the first 15 steps:

First - Take a pregnancy test and donate blood for hCG

At the first suspicions, we do a pregnancy test, start doing it no earlier than 1-2 weeks of delay in menstruation. Previously, he may not show anything.

If in doubt, you can donate blood to the hormone secreted by the fetal egg - chorioganadotropin (hCG).

It is IMPORTANT not to do an ultrasound to determine pregnancy!

For some reason, it immediately seems to everyone that they need to run for an ultrasound scan and get registered. This is not true!

Ultrasound - a very strong effect on the fetus, and it can be done no earlier than 12 weeks.

To make sure that you are pregnant, it is enough to donate blood for hCG. This is a very accurate analysis and no interference with the development of the fetus.

Second - Tell your husband and family

After you make sure that you are pregnant, you can tell your husband and family about your happiness. If the pregnancy is unplanned, be patient and delicate.

Tell your husband first, preferably in writing, leave a note in the morning, write that you are pregnant and discuss everything in the evening. Give him time to recover from this news. Then you can tell your family.

Who to tell is up to you. But many girls do this - up to 3-4 months they tell only the most - the closest, and there they already tell everyone.

I think that this is a completely justified decision, the first trimester is usually the most important and difficult for both the baby and you.

Third -Change the pace of life

Of course, pregnancy will require you to change your rhythm and lifestyle. First of all, exhale and relax.

100% of all expectant mothers feel tension, fear and insecurity in the first days of pregnancy. And this is natural, do not blame yourself for this.

You are standing on the threshold big changes and you don't know if you can handle them or not. But you still have 9 months to get used to it.

Although I know from experience feelings of future motherhood will come in the second trimester, and when you feel the first movements of the child, you will understand how strong the feeling of motherhood is in you, and how natural this process is.

In the meantime slow down your pace- Try to rest more and more often. There is a minute - sit down, or better yet lie down.

I often hear, but how to relax - it’s still scheduled - there’s not a minute, where to get the time from. The answer is simple and at the same time very complex - discard EVERYTHING that is superfluous. And what is not superfluous - sleep, food, water.

Everything else can be discarded or postponed: a cafe with a girlfriend, phone calls, work, household chores, movies, books, shopping. Be patient until the 2nd trimester, it will be easier there, and you can make up for everything.

Moreover, your body will help you with this, in the first trimester, all mothers complain of very high fatigue and a constant desire to sleep.

Fourth - Immediately stop smoking and drinking alcohol

As soon as they found out about the pregnancy, immediately stop smoking, drinking alcohol even in small doses, even wine and beer. The consequences can be completely unpredictable.

Every day of the first trimester, a lot of work is going on, the cells of the embryo divide at an incredible speed, the foundation of all organs, systems, cells and tissues is laid. Any intervention in this process can cause great harm.

Fifth - Stop taking medications and any treatment

If you are taking any medications, are undergoing or are about to undergo treatment - stop immediately.

Go to your doctor in the antenatal clinic and tell us what drugs you are taking, the doctor will change the method of treatment.

Any ailment during pregnancy you will not treat the way you used to do it, so if you feel signs of a cold, do not run for fervex or aspirin.

Most drugs should not be taken during pregnancy!

Check out the section , you can find there the answer to the question of whether it is possible to take this or that medicine during pregnancy.

Sixth - Start listening carefully to yourself

Pregnancy is a time when you hear your inner voice more clearly than ever. He protects you from everything harmful and dangerous.

Listen to everything he says unconditionally.

Pulls to wrap up warmer - do it, regardless of the opinions of others. Pulls to sleep - run to perform. Suddenly, a person or a whole family became unpleasant, the smell - well, you will return to them after childbirth.

Keep and protect your body like a temple!

Seventh - Stop playing sports

If you were involved in any sports before pregnancy, stop all activities. (Including running, cycling, horseback riding, tennis, hiking, aerobics, fitness, gym classes and of course all professional sports.)

During pregnancy, you can dance (all dances except sports), do gymnastics for pregnant women, swim, do some yoga asanas.

Eighth - Start taking folic acid

In the first trimester, it is very important to take folic acid, as it will lay the foundation proper development and the formation of the brain and the whole nervous system baby.

However, I advise you to take folic acid not in tablets, as is common practice, but only from food sources.

The fact is that, according to recent studies, artificially synthesized folic acid tablets do not have the desired positive effect, their activity and strength fluctuate within 10% of the power that simple spinach can give.

In addition, American scientists have proven the relationship between taking pills that contain folic acid, and the onset of breast cancer between the ages of 40-50.

We will talk in more detail about natural and artificial vitamins in the section on nutrition, where a separate block of articles will be devoted to this.

So, you will receive folic acid only from greens and vegetables, taking into account the fact that you need to receive at least 400 mcg per day.

The content of folic acid in products of plant origin:

What recipes can I use to saturate yourself and your baby with folic acid?

- So, the very first thing is a green cocktail with spinach (1-2 bunches) and wheat sprouts (greens) (daily 0.5-1 liter). Alternating spinach with parsley every 2-3 days.

- Freshly squeezed juice from carrots and beets (daily 0.2-0.5 liters)

– Salads with bean sprouts, mung beans, green peas (only raw, not canned), colored and white cabbage, tomato.

Ninth - Include calcium-rich foods in your diet

Calcium in the body is not only the material that makes up human bone tissue - the skeleton, teeth, bones, and so on. Calcium is involved in a huge number of processes in the body, more than 179 body functions are known for which calcium is responsible.

Calcium affects:

• for the work of all human muscles
• affects the functioning of the heart muscle and the regulation of heart rate
• is one of the blood clotting factors
• participates in the formation of anti-allergic defense of the body
• relieves pain syndrome
• exhibits anti-inflammatory action
• affects immune processes
• normalizes the function of the endocrine glands
• involved in the transmission of nerve impulses

In the body of a pregnant woman, a lack of calcium increases the risk of miscarriage and premature birth, hypertension and the development of other complications - eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, etc.

It is clear that calcium is necessary for a person not only during pregnancy, but also in everyday life. Your norm per day is 1500 mg of calcium per day.

However, contrary to popular belief, calcium cannot be obtained with pills, supplements, calcium cannot be obtained from water, milk, cheese, sour cream, etc..

According to the latest studies, calcium in water, tablets, mineral additives- this is inorganic calcium, which is not absorbed by the body, moreover, it is deposited in the most different parts body, causing a lot of problems.

Milk, cheese, sour cream not only do not add calcium, but also wash it out of the bones.

You can read more about calcium in these two articles:

So, you should get your calcium intake from these products:

Recipes:

– Sesame milk

– Cabbage salad with celery, onion, seeds, basil

– Green smoothie

All these recipes are in the article -

Tenth - Include foods containing iodine in your diet

Iodine during pregnancy is very important, as it affects the work thyroid gland which provides the body with hormones.

The first 4 weeks, both you and the baby develop and live off your hormones (mother's hormones), which are intensively produced by the thyroid gland, at 16 weeks, the placenta comes to the rescue.

Therefore, the first 3 months you need to ensure that iodine enters the body daily at least 250 mg.

The daily share of iodine will provide you sea ​​kale, it contains from 500 to 3000 mg of iodine per 100 grams of product.

You can eat it both as a salad and dried, soaking it and adding it to ready-made vegetable salads.

Eleventh - H don't take any vitamins!

Recent studies involving more than 15,000 pregnant women have not confirmed the benefit of taking vitamins.

It was proved that vitamins are medicines, not a food supplement, they should be taken only if, according to the results of the analysis, it was found out that some vitamin is missing, they were prescribed - they drank it and that's it.

You can’t just “drank them on drink” for health, many of them are of no benefit, some are simply not absorbed, and some are harmful.

Vitamins must be obtained from food.

Your vitamins for all 9 months are vegetables, fruits and greens:

We will talk in detail about nutrition, I will write many important articles on this topic, because by changing your diet, you are able to restore yourself completely, get rid of diseases, complications, and prevent all unnecessary diseases in your baby's future.

Above is everything you need to eat to fill the body with folic acid, calcium, iodine and vitamins. Feel free to take the listed products, make up your diet from them.

But remember a few golden rules of nutrition:

1. No need to eat for two, the child has enough. No need to increase the amount of food significantly. The phrase "eat for two" is not true! Eat as the body asks, but do not indulge all your desires excessively. If your pregnancy is accompanied by nausea and vomiting (vomiting no more than 3-4 times a day and you are not losing weight - this is normal) and you eat almost nothing, do not be afraid, this will not harm the child, he is still developing at the expense of your reserves.
2. Your diet should consist of: 80% vegetables, fruits and greens.
3. Fruits and berries should be eaten separately from any other food and preferably in the morning.
4. Every day in your diet should be a lot of greens. 0.5-1 liter of green smoothie is the key to your happiness and health before - during - and after pregnancy.
5. Vegetables should only be eaten raw, as they lose their moisture when cooked. most their vitamins.
6. Eliminate animal protein from your diet, this includes meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and all milk products.
7. Do not drink water / juice / tea and other liquids during meals and immediately after. Drink a glass of pure water 20 minutes before a meal or 1 hour after a meal.
8. Do not lean on sweet and starchy foods, such as cookies, rolls, bread, sweets, gingerbread, etc. Instead, try eating sweet or dried fruit, or in extreme cases, pure chocolate.
9. Stop drinking carbonated juices and drinks: cola, fanta and all the like. Read the label, there is nothing natural except water, the rest are chemical compounds that you will never digest, but only spend the body's strength to remove them. In addition, all carbonated drinks forcefully leach calcium from your bones, teeth and nails, as well as your baby's bones.
10. Stop eating canned food, sausages, jams, pates, minced meat. Every canned product contains a lot of chemicals, and no one knows how all this will affect you.
11. Forget about microwave oven, it destroys not only everything useful vitamins but also changes the chemical composition of the food!
12. Avoid overuse salt, or better yet, avoid it altogether. This step will help save your kidneys and prevent pregnancy complications such as high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.
13. Herbs, herbal tinctures and infusions are also medicines, so do not take them just like that without clear recommendations. For example, nettle has the strongest effect - it causes contractions, which is useful only after childbirth, in order to remove the afterbirth and everything superfluous from the uterus, but not during pregnancy.

Thirteenth - Drink water!

Drink 1.5-2 liters of water daily. Please watch this very carefully. In ordinary life, we hardly drink a glass, mostly tea, coffee, juices, soups, but not water.

However, all drinks, pure water stern is food for our body.

Only water is immediately absorbed into the blood, diluting it, helps carry oxygen, and all substances to cells.

With a reduced amount of water in the bloodstream (if you drink a glass a day), under a microscope, you can see that the erythrocytes stick together and “swim” not one at a time, but in a chain. In this form, red blood cells do not carry enough oxygen.

Because one red blood cell must be surrounded by oxygen, if it sticks together with others, it simply does not have free space where oxygen atoms could attach.

At the same time, the blood thickens, the blood flow slows down, organs and tissues suffer from hypoxia. We feel weak headache, fatigue, lethargy.

During pregnancy, water is infinitely important., not only does your blood volume increase by 40%, but water is also needed in order to fill the baby’s pool (amniotic sac), to constantly clean it and renew water in it, because the mother’s body takes everything out for itself and for the baby .

Therefore, carry a bottle of water with you everywhere and train yourself to drink as much as possible.

Water sometimes works just wonders - if you have a cold, you can only drink all day clean water and nothing more, the disease disappears completely in 1-2 days, if you are tired after some kind of exercise - increase the amount of water the next day, you will recover 3-5 times faster.

In the beginning, I know from my own experience, I don’t feel like drinking water, I hardly drink one glass. Everything is drawn to something sweet, carbonated. But time passes (5-10 days) and you feel that you don’t want anything but water.

Fourteenth - Register

Next, you need to find a place where you will take tests and where you will be given everything Required documents(sick leave, exchange card). This can be a Women's Consultation or any paid clinic that has a state license to provide "obstetrics and gynecology" services.

In the LCD, all tests will be done for free, but this, perhaps, is where the benefits end. In a paid clinic, there are fewer queues, more attention to you, better equipment. It will be convenient to visit a doctor for a period of 12 weeks, then it will be possible to do an examination and do an ultrasound.

That's all you need for now! If you have any questions, doubts, please write in the comments to this article, I will be happy to answer you.

On the early dates pregnancy, expectant mothers do not yet notice significant changes in their condition. The fact that there is a real miracle in the tummy is only reminiscent of morning sickness. At this stage, women are already beginning to lovingly stroke the still inconspicuous belly, talking with the baby, coming up with a name for him and guessing what color of undershirts they will have to order for their relatives for the baby’s birthday.

Despite the apparent ease of the condition, it is important now to treat your health as carefully as possible and understand that every action can affect the condition of the baby.

Important: more than 15 percent of all pregnancies end in miscarriages.

During gestation, you do not need to use:

• cinnamon;
• cedar;
• cypress;
• basil;
• lemongrass;
• juniper.

These aromas are ways to greatly invigorate a pregnant woman and increase the tone of the uterus. In some cases, doctors also forbid chamomile, rosewood, and sandalwood oils.

What future moms really need is herbal baths with calendula, mint and chamomile, which are added in any form. Some women put the herb in a cloth bag that they tie to the edge of the tub. In water, herbs begin to spread their beneficial properties.

What to wear in early pregnancy

Expectant mothers are not recommended to purchase tight clothing that hinders movement. Wardrobe future mother should be free and very comfortable. Can't walk to high heels because they shift the center of gravity and increase the load on the spine. In no case should you buy synthetic underwear, you should temporarily abandon the "thong" panties. You need to choose underwear made of cotton material and wear special bodices.

Cosmetics

In the early stages, the expectant mother should be very careful in choosing cosmetics. For the development of the baby, substances such as:

• vitamin A;
• benzoyl peroxide;
• hydrocortisone.

Be healthy!

Video - Nutrition during pregnancy

Video - What not to do when pregnant

"Interesting situation" has always been a fairly intimate topic, in many communities it is not customary to discuss this period and ask at least some questions. So it turns out that when the first weeks of pregnancy come, only a few will tell you what you need to know. The rest will rely on the old grandfather method: "And so it will do." Unfortunately, such an approach to the most important period in life rarely remains without consequences. And they can accompany mother and child for the rest of their lives.

Why is the first trimester critical?

Each period of pregnancy is important in its own way, because we are talking about the formation of the child, the development of all its organs and systems. But highest value It has exactly First stage, first trimester of pregnancy.

In just a couple of months, a fertilized egg goes through many transformations, ultimately forming an embryo with all its components. And even if the organs are still functionally and anatomically immature, even if they are unable to take on the main function and maintain normal life, they still exist.

The basis is a kind of frame, formed exactly at this stage. And further development depends on how well the first few weeks of pregnancy go. It is this period that determines whether the fetus will have any future at all, or maybe a spontaneous abortion will occur?

Often, its only sign is only cycle delay, so that the failed mother will never know about her loss.

How should you behave after conception?

During the first week, a number of divisions and doublings occur, as a result of which the embryo acquires a more complex structural form. At the same time it takes place attachment to the wall of the uterus, at this stage, “failures” most often occur, leading to miscarriages.

To make everything go as smoothly as possible, a pregnant woman will help:

• Calm life rhythm. There is no need in bed rest, you should not go too far. But it is better to refuse unnecessary shocks and planned tours to the mountains or the sea.
• Rejection of bad habits. Alcohol and tobacco are far from being beneficial for the health of the unborn child and create an additional burden on the body, forcing it to filter incoming from outside harmful substances. During pregnancy, our body already has an additional load, so it’s not worth overworking in this way.
• Dismissal from harmful production. Not all girls and women sit in warm and cozy offices; many of them have poor working conditions. And some people generally work in industries that are harmful to health, come into contact with toxic substances. For the sake of preserving the health of the unborn child, you will have to make a choice between a profitable job and a family.

Express diagnostics of pregnancy

Nowadays, to determine pregnancy, you can even not attend a antenatal clinic, it is enough to use one-time test , which can be bought at every pharmacy. Of course, he does not give a 100% guarantee and it will not be superfluous to visit a doctor for final confirmation.

But there are more than enough narrow specialists today, so there will be no problems with this. A hundred years ago, in this regard, the state of affairs was much more deplorable.

The test itself is based on a change hormonal background, and specifically on an increase in the content of one hormone. In order not to decipher it every time, breaking the tongue in an attempt to pronounce it, doctors use the abbreviation - hCG :

1. The most indicative parameter, since the amount of this particular hormone increases tenfold from the first days.
2. Before fertilization, it is produced by the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle.
3. From the beginning of pregnancy, this function passes to the membranes of the fetus.
4. It is possible to obtain false results, due to the fact that hCG is synthesized even before pregnancy.

For check it is better to use several rapid tests preferably from different manufacturers. After making sure, you can safely talk about this to your husband or young man and go to the antenatal clinic to plan pregnancy and childbirth.

Signs of pregnancy in the first week

In the body of the expectant mother, certain changes, and already from the first days:

• Nausea and vomiting not obligatory companions of pregnancy, but most often it is with them that one has to deal with.
• Gradually breast enlargement. It swells a little and becomes more sensitive to external stimuli.
• Can happen taste change when it comes to sensitivity. Unexpected gastronomic preferences? Why not.
• Expected menses never come. This "alarm bell" should be a signal for everyone. Of course, there are a dozen other reasons for this, but a young and healthy girl, as a rule, goes off cycle for completely physiological reasons.
• Maybe rise in pressure headaches are frequent. The fact is that the regulation of vascular tone is disturbed, the level of tension in the walls of blood vessels changes.
• Although there is no inflammatory process, the temperature may rise. Usually kept at 37 ° C and practically does not affect the general condition.

Even protected sexual contact does not guarantee the absence of such "surprises", so it's better to double-check and make sure everything.

Pregnancy planning

Doctors hope that in a few decades almost all pregnancies will be planned.

Today, statistics on this issue does not give the most optimistic forecasts. But much more depends on this indicator than can be imagined at first glance.

But the most important thing is that the child was loved. And all other moments fade into the background, it doesn’t matter at all - you planned this miracle for several years or everything “by itself” happened.

What happens at the beginning of pregnancy?

Good to know about the first trimester a few important points:

• During this period, the laying of all vital organs and systems takes place.
• At this time interval most critical moments, most often the embryo dies in the early stages.
• To reduce the risks, you must first "get better" at the expense of vitamins, normalize the regimen and diet.
• By all means, nervous shocks and the use of alcohol and tobacco products should be avoided.
• All signs can be "blurred" in nature, sometimes a pregnant woman guesses her position by the middle of the second month. It's not that rare.

The first weeks of pregnancy are very important for the unborn baby, what should mom know about this period? It is necessary to remember the responsibility for the life of the child, which from the very first days falls on her fragile shoulders.

Video about the first weeks of pregnancy

In this video, gynecologist Valentina Protasova will talk about the first signs of pregnancy, what a girl who is expecting a baby needs to know, how to prepare for such an important event:

For many girls, everything related to pregnancy and childbirth causes a panic state. And when the time comes to think about offspring, fear prevents you from focusing on the main thing - the birth of a child, makes you devote all your thoughts to the possible negative aspects of both processes. There is another extreme - the belief that nature will do everything itself, so there is nothing to worry about at all. Both points of view are wrong. Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes. But a woman must prepare for them mentally and physically, have enough knowledge about how this happens, do everything in her power for the safe bearing and birth of a healthy baby.

Read in this article

The need for this is caused not only by the material resources of the family. Here the most important thing is the health of both parents, their readiness for the birth of a child, the creation of favorable conditions for this. The process should be started 2-3 months before the intended fertilization. It includes:

• Quit smoking and alcohol;
• Normalization of nutrition with the obligatory use of a large amount of vitamins, trace elements, fiber;
• healthy physical activity with frequent visits fresh air. This part of the preparation is especially useful for a woman, because it is she who will bear the child and give birth, which require endurance and energy expenditure;
• Avoidance of stress.

Actually, there is nothing complicated in these requirements, it would be good for everyone to lead such a lifestyle all the time.

Which doctors should be visited

Future parents should definitely be examined by doctors. A woman needs to visit doctors of the following specialties:

• Gynecologist. It is good that this is a specialist who will then observe the entire pregnancy. He should know about previous diseases, childbirth, abortion. The gynecologist will need the results of tests for flora, cytology, viral infections (HIV, hepatitis, syphilis), PCR studies for venereal infections, cytomegalovirus, as well as information on the body's susceptibility to rubella,;
• Dentist. Before pregnancy, you need to get rid of infections in the oral cavity, caries;
• Cardiologist;
• Otorhinolaryngologist;
• Allergist;
• Endocrinologist.

In addition to the above analyses, more research needs to be done:

• Ultrasound of the reproductive organs and mammary glands;
• Blood and urine tests (general and biochemical);
• Hormone levels;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

If a woman is not the first attempt to get pregnant, the specialist may consider it necessary to prescribe:

• Colposcopy of the cervix;
• Hysteroscopy;
• Biopsy of the endometrium.

Taking oral contraceptives, as well as protection using the IUD, should be interrupted 2-3 months before conception. If there are genetic diseases in the family or one of the future parents had radiation exposure, it is worth visiting the appropriate specialist.

In order for conception to occur exactly when future parents want it, it is necessary to calculate the most favorable days for it. Ovulation occurs at about 11-16, if you count from the first day of menstruation.

The most important thing during pregnancy

There are many nuances in this period that you should know so that everything goes harmoniously and safely for the woman and the unborn baby. Proper behavior will help avoid many potential problems.

Tests

A woman will be able to understand that she is pregnant, based on her own well-being. But it will be a little later, but until the first signs appear, a pregnancy test will come to the rescue. Whatever it is, its functioning is based on the determination in the urine chorionic gonadotropin a person who appears immediately after the implantation of the embryo inside the uterus, that is, 7-10 days after conception. And if you do a test on the first day of the expected, but not arrived menstruation, it will be informative. These devices are of several types:

• Test strips. Impregnated with a reagent that, when immersed in morning urine, gives a result with an accuracy of up to 95% in 5-10 seconds. If another control line appears next to the existing control line, the woman is pregnant;
• Tablet. Able to indicate pregnancy with a delay of less than a week. A drop of morning urine is placed in a designated window. After a while, the result is visible in the adjacent rectangle;
• Jet. It will detect pregnancy with high accuracy at the earliest possible date. The receiving tip of the device is placed under the stream of urine, and the result will be visible in a few minutes in the window intended for this.

It happens that tests give out information that does not correspond to reality. The reason for this is a violation of instructions or taking drugs containing hCG.

How to determine the term

To track pregnancy, it is necessary for both the doctor and the expectant mother to know her term. This is the basis for the appointment of studies, monitoring the development of the fetus, the possibility of detecting pathology. Thanks to the knowledge of the term, it is easy to determine the date of the upcoming birth. There are several counting methods:

• On the day of ovulation. It happens around the middle of the cycle. If it is 28 days, then conception occurred 14 days after the start date of the last menstruation. It is possible to identify the day of ovulation by regular measurements of basal temperature;
• With the help of ultrasound. The screen clearly shows the size of the fetal egg, according to which the doctor will calculate the term. This method is most informative up to 24 weeks;
• Examination of the uterus. The gynecologist will determine the period by its size, starting from the 5th week, when the organ begins to grow;
• By the first movement of the fetus. As a rule, this happens at 18-20 weeks, sometimes at the 16th. It's a bit late, but some inattentive women find out about pregnancy just like that.

How to live with pregnancy

The lifestyle should be aimed at ensuring the normal development of the unborn child and the well-being of the woman. This does not mean that all pleasures become inaccessible, but the life of the expectant mother becomes more streamlined:

• It is necessary to monitor nutrition so that the fetus receives enough vitamins and minerals. You should forget about coffee, green tea, seafood, legumes for now, less carbohydrates, from which weight grows. But meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits are not forbidden in the diet;
• Take vitamins as directed by your doctor. Folic acid is especially important. But vitamin A needs moderate doses, otherwise the child is threatened with pathology;
• Rest and comfort are the main components of the daily routine. This also applies to clothes and underwear. Sleep should be at least 8 hours, mental, physical and emotional stress is reduced. Important 1.5-hour walks in the fresh air, exercises to strengthen the spine, abdominal muscles, perineum;
• The use of transport should be limited due to possible shaking, which creates unwanted vibration;
• Weight lifting and shock domestic work, especially with the use of chemicals, prohibited;
• Alcohol and smoking are the enemies of pregnancy. Even infrequent use can provoke deformities in a child;
• Medicinal preparations and plants are taken only as prescribed by a doctor;
• You should still take care of yourself carefully, but without the use of toxic cosmetics, acrylic and ammonia materials, solarium, and hardware methods. Care and hygiene products are better to choose those that are specially designed for pregnant women;
• The breast is prepared for future feeding by washing with warm and cool water, air baths for 10 minutes 3 times a day;
• With a normal pregnancy, vaginal sex is not prohibited. With an increase in the term, it is only necessary to protect the growing belly from pressure on it.

Poor health is not uncommon in different periods of pregnancy. Common Problems among women:

• Toxicosis. It manifests itself from the beginning of pregnancy with nausea, vomiting, aversion to food and certain smells. By the 12th week, toxicosis disappears, but even before this time, its symptoms can be alleviated by eating a piece of salty biscuit with sweetened weak tea in the morning, drinking 1.5 liters of fluid per day, reducing portions and increasing the number of meals to 6;
• in the legs. The enlarged uterus compresses the blood vessels, so the blood supply to the muscles is disrupted. The body may be deficient in calcium and potassium. Products containing these microelements will help, mini-exercises with squeezing and unclenching the toes;
• Vertigo. They can occur for various reasons: stuffiness, tightness, fatigue. You can deal with a problem by avoiding the conditions that create it;
• Insomnia. It is caused by anxiety and changes in the body that provoke the need to go to the toilet often, the inability to choose a comfortable position due to the stomach. Sleeping at the same hours, drinking warm milk shortly before it, daytime rest will help;
• . You can fix the problem if you drink a glass of water after waking up, and add it to it before eating. lemon juice, walk a lot, introduce prunes, dried apricots into the diet.

Childbirth: readiness #1

In the entire chain of childbearing, this is what women fear the most. Childbirth is a serious test, but the vast majority of mothers have successfully overcome it. In addition, experts are always ready to help.

What to take to the hospital

Necessary things and documents should be prepared in advance. Before giving birth, you need to take with you only those that are needed directly for the woman and the newborn. Everything else is collected and left for later, these things will later be brought by a happy father.
The documents:

• The passport;
• Exchange card;
• The results of the latest analyzes to date;
• Medical policy;
• Birth certificate;
• Agreement with the clinic (if concluded).

Things for childbirth and stay in the ward:

• Spacious nightgown;
• Socks, thin and thicker, but not woolen;
• Hygiene items (soap, comb, brush and toothpaste, napkins, toilet paper);
• A pair of small terry towels;
• Robe;
• Washable slippers with non-slip soles.

Items that will be needed after childbirth and at discharge:

• Sanitary pads and disposable underwear for mom;
• 2 with front closure;
• Cream for nipple cracks;
• Laxative candles;
• Pampers for a newborn 1 set. Another is bought already in accordance with the size of the baby;
• Baby soap, cream, soft towel;
• Sterile cotton;
• Thin and thick vests, bonnets, diapers, mittens;
• A blanket or "envelope", a hat, overalls, socks for discharge. All things according to the weather;
• Clothes and cosmetics for mom. The one in which the woman came to the hospital is likely to be great.

How is childbirth

Healthy women give birth to a child in a natural way, that is, through the birth canal. The process, assisted by a midwife or doctor, is divided into 3 phases:

• The first is counted from the beginning of regular contractions until the cervix is ​​fully dilated by 4 cm. This is the longest part - 8-10 hours. Sometimes the process is stimulated with medications;
• The second lasts 3-4 hours. Contractions intensify and become more frequent, open amniotic sac and the waters break. The cervix opens up to 6-8 cm, and the fetus moves to the level of the pelvic floor;
• The third is characterized by the opening of the uterine os by 10-12 cm and lasts from 20 minutes to 2 hours. It passes into the main part of childbirth, although it feels like the activity of the process is weakening. But this is not so, it is after the full opening of the cervix that the fetal head passes through the pelvic ring, and after 8-10 attempts by the mother, the baby comes out. Sometimes, to facilitate this part of the path, the woman's perineum is dissected.

During the first two phases, the woman is allowed to sit up and walk around to stimulate labor. In some clinics, the process takes place with anesthesia. The condition of the woman in labor is monitored by measuring pressure, temperature, and doing vaginal examinations.

After the birth of the child and the cessation of pulsation in the umbilical cord, it is cut. The afterbirth comes out of the uterus after 2-3 contractions, the woman is given drugs to prevent bleeding.

C-section

It should be prescribed according to indications, but sometimes it is done at the request of a woman. The planned operation is carried out as follows:

• On the operating table, a woman is given an epidural or general anesthesia. They put a dropper and an apparatus for measuring pressure, as well as a catheter for diverting urine;
• The woman's stomach is wiped with an antiseptic, the doctor dissects the abdominal wall and the anterior uterus, removes the child, and cuts the umbilical cord. It takes 10-15 minutes;
• The surgeon separates the placenta, examines the uterine cavity, sews up the organ. Then the seams are applied to the abdominal wall, bandage and ice on top;
• The woman is placed in intensive care for a day, where saline and antibiotics are administered.

After transfer to the ward, the stitches are processed every day, the painkiller is stopped after 3-4 days.

Usually the baby is applied to the breast on the third day after birth, and before that the woman has to express herself. It hurts, but it is necessary that then you can feed for at least 6 months, and preferably up to a year. In this regard, new mothers are concerned about two problems:

• lack of milk;
• Cracked nipples.

The first is solved by frequent attachment of the child to the breast, taking lactation-stimulating drugs: infusion of anise seeds, grated carrots with sour cream. A woman will have to drink plenty of fluids and eat right to prevent gas formation in the baby.

Cracked nipples should be treated with special creams and air baths. It is also necessary to learn how to properly breastfeed the baby so that he captures the nipple along with the areola.

body after childbirth

In this part, the stomach delivers the most suffering to women. He is no longer as flat as before, during pregnancy, the muscles stretched and sagged slightly. But you don't have to put up with it. Some steps can be taken:

• Change nutrition. If you include oatmeal, rice, vegetables, fruits in your diet, drink plenty of water, this will spur metabolic processes. Fat from the abdomen will slowly but steadily begin to go away. Don't forget that a large number of fiber is harmful to the baby if he is breastfed. And starvation is unacceptable, because the milk will disappear. Therefore, in your zeal for harmony, you need to know the measure;
• Restore muscle tone. Gentle exercises for the abdomen will help: abdominal breathing, its tension on a walk, doing household chores. You need to increase the load gradually, you can intensively engage in six months after childbirth, if they passed without complications.

postpartum discharge

The uterus after childbirth is not restored in a day. This process is stretched for a certain period, during which the woman has lochia. At first, they contain a lot of blood, then they gradually brighten and by the end of the 6-8th week after birth they become transparent or white.

Menstruation can come in 1.5-2 months if the woman is not breastfeeding. Lactation lengthens the period without menstruation to six months. But on average and breastfeeding they begin on the 4th month after childbirth, because by this time the child is already being introduced to complementary foods and less is being applied to the breast.

Sex after childbirth

You will have to refrain from it for another 4-6 weeks if the birth was normal. The sexual sphere of a woman should be fully restored, then sex will be a joy, and will not cause pain and infection.
After caesarean section or perineal ruptures, recovery will take 2 months.

At the first sexual intercourse, a woman may feel pain and discomfort. This is due to the dryness of the vagina, which can be corrected with a lubricant, but rather a long prelude to the act. Wall tone is almost always reduced. But this problem is also solvable by training the vagina with Kegel exercises.