Proper development of the child in a year. Educational games for one year olds! Knowledge of the world around

The author of books for parents talks about his experience early development one year old daughter. What development aids to choose? Which authors should be trusted? How can an adult enjoy all this? And what is dangerous in the hobby only for "educational" games and toys?

Don't wait for the result

Inspired by the great idea of ​​the early development of almost one year old Dasha, I began to buy "developmental aids": puzzles for the little ones (2-4 elements each), pyramids, large mosaics, split pictures, as well as frames and inserts.

The latter are plywood or cardboard boards (tablets) with holes or notches different forms and sizes. The task of the game is to match the liners to the corresponding holes. Classic frames according to the technique - with geometric shapes. But now there are a huge number of other themed boards (animals, fruits, colors, and so on) on sale - with or without a substrate (that is, a picture inside as a hint).

We also have educational books on various topics in our house (for example, "Opposites", "At the Zoo", "Colors and Shapes", "Studying Myself"). Then came the turn of "photo albums".

"Photo albums" is a conventional name. In fact, instead of photographs, an enthusiastic mother inserts pictures depicting various objects, inhabitants of the animal world, etc. into the pockets. Nearby is a signature, preferably written "according to warehouses" - in the spirit of N. Zaitsev's methodology. Albums should be thematic ("vegetables", "clothes", "furniture", " musical instruments"," road signs "," breeds of dogs "and so on). This is such a wonderful way to introduce the baby to the outside world.

I took pictures and inscriptions for them from L. Danilova's book "How to give encyclopedic knowledge to a child." Now on sale there are many special sets of pictures, systematized on certain topics.

And now everything was ready for practice. But ... life has made its own adjustments. The pictures slipped by the mother were absolutely uninteresting to the child. No, interesting, but for three seconds. Then attention switched to a scattering of jigsaw puzzles on the carpet, a moment later - to colorful frames and inserts, then to drooling bagels from the pyramid ... Then it was all thrown away, and the child crawled away to wander around the apartment. I ran after her with albums: "Look, look, this is a toucan, but this is a burbot fish" ... To no avail. What a toucan, what a burbot, what an accordion with an accordion Dasha were equally indifferent.

Worry fluttered inside me. But then, fortunately, the experience of one mother caught my eye. She said that her boy became addicted to the same albums only at 1 year and 3 months. I realized that not everything was lost, and, remembering the precepts of experts not to force things, I began to wait.

What else were we doing at that moment? They tried to build towers from cubes: I built, and Dasha broke. Nothing, I reassured myself, this is the period now - destruction. The time for creation is ahead. Our ball games, frames and inserts, rhymes, nursery rhymes, songs - all this was somehow ... awkward. I did not even see a spark of reaction to my efforts in Dasha.

I learned well the warnings "do not raise a genius," "do not chase records," "do not burden the child." But the attitude "do not wait for a reaction and a result" somehow passed me by. And only then, having wised up a little, I realized that there was no need to wait - neither interest, nor response, nor that the baby would please his mother with his successes. You don't have to expect anything from a child! Not only at the time of his early childhood - never at all.

And we must drive away the thought that I, they say, am engaged in the "early development" of my child, how great it is, what a fine fellow I am. Such activities should not have any hidden or obvious subtext, nor any ambitious goals, except for one thing - the pleasure of spending time together. All maternal impulses should come from the heart, and not because "it's necessary", "useful" and "correct".

Here it is, early development!

Successes, as is usually the case, became noticeable when no one was expecting them. In the same 1 year and 3 months, Dasha woke up with a "brutal appetite". She became interested in literally everything - and thematic albums in the first place. We began to study them every day, a little bit: I flipped through the pages, called the pictures, and Dasha listened with enthusiasm. The rating of the most popular topics was headed by animals - domestic and wild.

Studying with Dasha, I discovered a lot of new things. For example, I learned to distinguish a lap dog from a Pekingese, I learned what a flounder looks like and what a long-haired one is ... I remembered that the longest river on earth is the Nile, the largest island is Greenland, and the deepest, cleanest and besides "ancient" lake - our Baikal.

And that was just the beginning! My child then helped me more than once to take a fresh look at familiar things and pull out dusty bags of knowledge from the nooks and crannies of memory. On one memorable day, I saw that Dasha herself began to take albums from the shelf and examine them. And my maternal heart finally calmed down - the process began.

Simultaneously with the albums, the child "hooked" on all kinds of frames and inserts and plywood games similar to them. (The correct name is Segen's developing boards. These are plywood tablets with recesses of varying degrees of complexity: for example, several identical dogs of different sizes; a picture consisting of several parts, and so on.)

Another favorite pastime of ours was playing the "funny pyramid". These are 8 bright plastic cups, painted in all the colors of the rainbow, which can be stacked one inside the other or turned upside down to build a pyramid tower out of them. Here and the study of colors, sizes, and familiarity with the concepts of "more-less".

At the same moment, her husband went on a business trip to Hungary and brought Dasha a gift from there - a large "logical cube" with many holes in the form of various geometric shapes (another name for such a toy is a sorter). In them, it was necessary to put the details that were suitable in shape. Moreover, the cube turned out to be of increased complexity: in addition to the banal circle, square, oval, there were holes for a semicircle, ellipse, rectangular, isosceles and equilateral triangles, five-, six-, eight-, decahedrons and even a parallelepiped.

"Manufacturers did not accidentally mix up anything? - I thought. - Is this definitely a developmental manual for children in the second year of life?"

What was my surprise when, after poking around for three weeks, Dasha began to fill the "logical cube" at the expense of times. It was then that I finally believed Masaru Ibuka - the brain of a small child has almost unlimited possibilities. All you need to do is exercise with him every day.

Approach to the child

However, each child needs a different approach. Once I suggested that three-year-old Dasha paint a picture - a girl with a sled. By the way, she still didn’t know how to paint at that time. But you have to start learning at some point, right? The child enthusiastically took a felt-tip pen and ... put it in its place.

“No, Mom, I can’t.

- And you try. Look, it's not difficult at all, - and I painted the girl's hat.

Dasha in no way:

- No, I can't.

And then it broke me.

- It doesn’t work for those who don’t even try to learn, Dasha. If you don't try, if you don't try, you really won't succeed. It turns out only for those who get down to business, and train, train, train, without fear of mistakes. No one succeeds right away, but if you do nothing at all, you will never succeed. Here!

I exhaled. Then I thought. To whom did I say all this? A three year old girl? But how can such a crumb understand all these causal relationships of the "adult world", and even more so take note of them?

In addition, having gained experience in early development", I realized for myself a few important things:

1. Maria Montessori, the spouses of Nikitina are a thousand times right, advising never to do for the baby what he can handle on his own. When playing with a child, in no case should you immediately point out his mistakes and tell him "how to" and "how to do it right." Let him make mistakes, let him do as he sees fit. Because only by straining his head, inventing his own ways of solving a problem, he will learn to think and create. Only in this way will he grow up internally free and self-confident. It would be good to transfer this attitude to all other spheres of the child's life. In the future, the last thing he will need is to be strongly advised how to live and what to do.
2. If something doesn’t work out for the baby, and he angrily throws the toy away with the clear intention of never approaching it again, you need to try to minimize this negative. And once again calmly and unobtrusively show, explain, cheer, support faith in yourself. "You will definitely succeed, you are such a good fellow!".

But... What did I see after I fell silent? Dasha, sighing, timidly took a felt-tip pen and began to paint the girl's mittens. Clumsily, of course, every now and then getting out of the "border", but she tried! In the evening, we proudly showed the "girl with a sled" to dad who came home from work, who, of course, almost fainted from such beauty. And since then Dasha believed in herself and asked to buy her coloring books. Who would have thought that such a hopeless affair as an "adult lecture" would help her overcome the "barrier" and start doing what she thought she would never succeed.

"Useless" games

Somehow, imperceptibly for myself, I began to engage in only "educational" games with the child, completely forgetting about the "useless" games (hide-and-seek, tags, daughter-mothers, and others). The situation was saved by Dashina, who appeared in our life. nanny— Natasha. She was the music director for kindergarten and worked with us twice a week.

“Modern children don’t know how to play at all,” I remembered Natasha’s words. - And this is the most a big problem when they come to kindergarten.

I am eternally grateful to our nanny. Because she's just a wonderful person. For the fact that for two years of her work with us I had nothing to reproach her with. But first of all, for the fact that she taught my child to play.

Natasha did it very naturally. She and Dasha took plush toys, came up with roles, situations (shop, "at the doctor's", on the street, at a party, at the zoo, etc.), beat them, developing an imaginary plot. And although my girl at that moment spoke only a few words, the game turned out and absorbed her daughter entirely. And very, very soon I noticed that she no longer follows me with a ponytail, does not ask to be entertained, but plays with pleasure herself.

How to teach a child to play independently?

• Children's games two feelings get in the way of loneliness: a feeling of insecurity and a feeling of self-doubt. To feel secure, it is necessary that the mother is constantly in sight. And in order to feel self-confidence, you need mom to cheer and praise all the time (“How good you are doing! You are great!”).
• In order for the baby to begin to play on his own, you need to show him how it is done. Therefore, at first we play with him for some time - in a variety of games and toys that are at home. We show all kinds of options (you can do this, but you can do that), experiment and, of course, fantasize.
• Sometimes, when the baby is in difficulty, we help him choose a game, we offer something. When buying a new toy or game, we also play together first.
• It is not necessary to immediately break loose and run when the child calls to play. If we are busy, we can calmly (and firmly) say: "I'm busy, but I'll definitely play with you when I'm free." This is how we let him know that mom is a separate person with her own needs, and she can also have her own affairs.

By the way, when playing with enthusiasm, the child comprehends the world around him much deeper and more multifaceted than when performing "developmental" tasks, since he makes significant mental efforts and uses creative imagination. It is very important for the baby to experience various emotional states. Experience it yourself, not learn from pictures. He himself must learn to rejoice, empathize, care, be attentive and so on. Try on different social roles and look at the world from different points of view. Only then can its development be called complete.

Play this game when your growing child starts naming their body parts. Touch your ears and tell your child, “I am touching my ears. Can you touch your ears?" If he does not immediately understand you, wait a while and repeat the question. If he quickly does what you ask, use words that he usually does not hear, such as "elbows", "chin", "ankles", "back", etc., while ensuring that he also spoke them. If your child himself touches any part of his body, name it and touch the same part of your body yourself, imitating him. The game will be even more effective if you sing along, naming each of the body parts.

"Where is your head?"
touch different parts baby's body and naming them, you will help your growing baby learn more about himself. Rhythmically repeat, playing with the baby:

Show me where your head is
Show me where your head is
One two Three,
Show me where is your head?

Say this rhyme again and again, each time naming other parts of the child's body. When it becomes clear to you that the baby knows at least three or four parts of his body, give him a bear and ask him to touch the same body parts of the bear. If a child begins to play this game with a bear on his own, it means that he has mastered the necessary concepts.

Head and shoulders
Read this rhyme to the child, first touching certain parts of your own body and naming them, and then repeat all this with the baby.

Head and shoulders, knees and toes,
Knees and toes.

Knees and toes.
Eyes, and ears, and mouth, and nose.
Head and shoulders, knees and toes,
Knees and toes.
Oh how I love my baby!

After playing this game for a while, see if the baby can touch the parts of the body that you mention in the rhyme. Another option is to give him a doll and see if he can find the appropriate parts of her body from her.

"I have..."
The more your child knows about his body, the more he will understand what he is capable of doing. Together with the baby, touch different parts of the body, saying:

I have eyes to see.
(Touch your eyes.)
I have ears to hear.
(Touch your ears.)
I have legs to run.
(Run in place.)
I have pens to swing.
(Wave your hands.)
And I only have one nose.
(Touch your nose.)
I have a tongue to say "hello"
(Show tongue.)
And ruddy cheeks to tickle
(Touch the child's cheeks.)
And now it's time to take a walk.
(Walk around the room.)

"Flickering Fingers"
Sit on the floor with your child facing him. While reading the poem, wiggle your toes; stop when reading the last line.

I sat as much as I could
Moved his fingers.
And when you're really tired
"Enough!" - strictly told them.
They don't want to let go
Everyone is moving faster.
We will then do this -
We'll drive the hair out!

When you say the word "let's go," wag your index finger. Repeat the rhyme, naming other parts of the body instead of fingers: elbows, nose, ears and tongue.

"Fingers, wake up"
Play this game with your child in the morning. Take his toes in your hand, gently shake them and sing to some pleasant tune.

Toes, wake up, wake up
I love you so!
Tell me: "Good morning,
Good morning, good morning."

Keep singing while trying to "wake up" other parts of the baby's body and touch them.

Fingers on the handles, wake up, wake up ...
Shoulders, wake up, wake up...
Elbows, wake up, wake up...
Nose, wake up, wake up...

Soon your baby will begin to move and move these parts of his body even before you touch them.

"Man"
Read the verse, accompanying it with appropriate actions.

A little man ran, hurried up the hill,
(Run your fingers over the baby's head.)
I swallowed a piece of the pie on the go.
(Touch his mouth.)
A fat belly bothered him a lot,
(Tap the baby on the tummy.)
He held his hat in a large hand.
(Raise his arm above your head.)
And behind him - well, what a trouble!
The pancake stuck no one knows when.
(Lightly pat the baby on the bottom.)
"Look at the spider"
This finger game is fun for both you and your child Let your fingers "walk" over his hands and feet like a spider.

Look, the spider is climbing the wall.
(Slowly move your fingers up the child's hand.)
Look, he's going down the web.
(Move your fingers quickly down the child's hand.)
Look, the spider is running downhill.
(Move your fingers down the child's leg.)
Look, the spider is sitting at the legs.
(Stop at the child's feet.)

"Look at my fingers"
Place the baby on your lap and say a rhyme.

Look at my hands
My fingers play, they dance.
Look at my feet
My fingers play, they dance.

Touch your child's fingers when you mention them; when you talk about your toes, touch them. Show your baby how you can move your fingers and toes in different ways: move them, shake them. Show how to interlace your fingers.

2. Games that develop the communicative sphere and emotions

"Can you do that?"
Holding the baby in your arms, stand in front of big mirror and say, "Look at the adorable baby." While the baby is looking in the mirror, give your face reflected in the mirror different expressions. The child will not fail to copy them. Take the child's hand and say, "Do you see the baby's hand?" Do the same with different parts of the child's body. Kiss the baby, kiss your reflection, wink, play peek-a-boo.

"Where are you?"
Play this game while your little one is sitting in their high chair. Pretend you can't find it. Even though it's right in front of you. Ask: "Where is (child's name)?" after asking like this, look around, in your pocket, in drawer table, under the table, behind the high chair, etc. After you have searched everything for about a minute, find the baby and express surprise: “Where are you?” Hug and kiss your baby.

"Coo-coo"
You can play hide and seek with your baby in different ways. Close your eyes with your palms. Cover the child's eyes with his hands. Hang a blanket between you and your baby. Look out from behind the blanket - to the right, to the left, above and below it. Hide behind a large toy, doll, towel. Put the child on the bed. Throw a light blanket over him and look under him, lifting and lowering again.

"Horse Jump"
Have your child sit on your lap facing you. Recite a verse.

Galloping, galloping the horse through the fields,
Jumping, galloping horse forests.
Dust flies from under the hooves -
The horse is in a hurry to the fair.
As soon as he flew up to the bridge -
The bridge creaked loudly
Broke into two pieces
Fell right into the river!

At the words “broke” and “collapsed”, spread your legs so that the baby can “fall” between them, then immediately lift him back. Just in case, hold him by the waist. Show your child how to play this game with a doll or animal toy.

"Where I am?"
Tell the kid that you are going to hide now. Hide behind a chair or under a table. It is very important that your child see where you are hiding so that he can find you. When you hide, start singing to a motive that you like, a simple song:

Can you find me
Find me, find me?
Where am I, where am I?
Maybe I'm under the table?
Under the table, under the table?
Where am I, where am I?

When your baby finds you and reaches for you, give him a big hug. Continuing the game, hide in various places in this and other rooms. Your child will learn to walk from room to room without fear and learn more about where they live.

"Knock and knock with heels, we're going up the hill"
Recite the rhyme while holding the child on your lap.

Knock and knock with heels,
We are going up the hill.
Up-jump, down-jump,
On the snow - somersault.

As you read the first two lines, toss your baby gently up and down. At the words "up-jump" raise it high. Ask him to raise his hands above his head. At the words "down-jump" lower the child down. When you say: “It’s a somersault on the snowball,” start throwing it up again.

"The boat is sailing, the boat is sailing..."
Sit on the floor facing the child. Slightly spread his legs to the sides and put yours on them. Take his hands and start rocking back and forth. Lean forward until your child's back touches the floor, then return to the starting position. Sing a song along with this game.

Sailing, sailing boat
golden ship,
Lucky, lucky gifts,
Gifts for you and me.

"Rabbit"
Recite the rhyme and use your hands to represent what the bunny is doing. Raise your index and middle fingers up to represent the long ears of a rabbit, bend your thumb, ring finger and little finger to the palm of your hand. (Then two raised fingers will make a "V".)

Here, at the top,
The rabbit has long ears.
(Depict the ears of a rabbit.)
A pink nose decorates it.
(Touch your thumb.)
This is how he jumps when he runs away.
(Pretend a bunny jump.)
And runs fast all day long.
And this is how he barely wanders.
(Move the bunny hand up to the chin.)
And instantly falls asleep, closing his eyes.
(Close your eyes.)
Bending your little paws.
(Pet the rabbit.)

"What are we going to do with the baby, huh?"
Bounce the child on your lap and recite the rhyme:

What are we going to do with the baby, huh?
What are we going to do with the baby, huh?
What are we going to do with the baby, huh?
Let's take it to dad.
(Hold the baby tightly and lower it down between your knees.)
What are we going to do with the baby, huh?
What are we going to do with the baby, huh?
What are we going to do with the baby, huh?
Let's take it to dad.
(Hug the child tightly and hold him high.)

Reciting the rhyme for the third time, say the name of the baby and end with the words: "Tickle his tummy."

"Give me back please"
Sit on the floor opposite the child. Give him a toy he likes and say, "This is for you." After the baby has looked at it, touches it and studies it in every possible way, say: “Give it back to me, please.” The child must give you the toy. Repeat game.

"Fox hole"
Sit on the floor with the child on your knees facing you. Clench your hand tightly into a fist and tell the baby that there is a fox hole inside. Pass the child's finger between your fingers inside the fist. Then open your hand and say: “The chanterelles are not at home! The chanterelle will return when it finds a bone somewhere.” Pretend that you are chewing on a baby's finger :)

3. Games that encourage creativity

Fun with beans in bags
These bags are excellent toys for babies. They are soft, safe and encourage creative activity. Think about what you can do with these bags when playing with your child. Drop them. Gather together. Put them on your head. Put them on your back. Put them on your stomach. Lying on your back with your legs up, balance with bags placed on each of your feet. Throw them in some box, etc.

Cubes from paper bags
You will need several paper grocery bags and plenty of newspapers. Ask your child to help you crumple and crumple the newspapers and then stuff them into paper bags. When all the bags are full, tie them tightly with ribbon or string. These bags can be used as lightweight building blocks that will be easy for your child to move around. Come up with your child different ways use of such dice: put them one on top of the other, put them close to each other, make a circle out of them, throw them back and forth.
Draw funny faces on the bags and turn them into actors puppet theater.

Doodle game
Giving your child pens and crayons will encourage them to draw. It's okay that at first it will be just scribbles. Such an activity develops the coordination of eye and hand movements, which is so important for further development. Watching and participating in a child's initial creativity can turn into a fun activity for you and your little one. Sit at the table with your child. Put sheets of drawing paper on the table for yourself and for the child. Show your child how to hold a pencil and start drawing on your paper. The child will imitate you. Compliment the lines and squiggles he has drawn. Tell the kid what he drew beautiful picture, mark individual shapes, for example: “I love that red circle in your drawing so much.” Games like this captivate children, capture their whole being and develop in them respect for themselves.

"Cha-cha-cha"
Place pebbles or other objects that make a loud sound in a metal can. Close the lid tightly and make sure the jar has no sharp edges. Give the jar to a child and let him shake it while you sing a song. Conclude the song by singing the words to the same motive: "One, two, cha-cha-cha". Show your baby how to shake the jar to the beat "cha-cha-cha". Repeat all this several times. Soon your child will learn how to shake the jar to the beat of "cha-cha-cha".

Songs with a ringing bell
Bells are a wonderful accompaniment for songs. Bells and bells sound different in music, at school, or on ships. Very suitable for accompaniment by the ringing of bells and the nursery rhyme “That's it, well, well! » While singing it, ring the bell before the beginning of each line.

That's it, well, well!
The bull jumped on the moon
The cat played the violin
The dog laughed loudly
And plates, bowls, spoons
Ride along the track!

Try ringing the bell both fast and slow.

Draw different shapes
You will need a large sheet of drawing paper and a pencil. Sit with your child at a table or on the floor. Draw a circle on paper with a pencil. Then give a pencil to the child and move his hand with a pencil on paper, trying to draw a circle. Tell him when you're done: "What a good picture." In the same way, help the baby draw other shapes and repeat each time: “ What a good picture turned out». Draw zigzag lines, let the baby move freely with a pencil, etc. The kids love this game, it's entertaining enough to come back to again. Your child will most likely give you a pencil and say, “Now you draw.” Each time you start this game, take a pencil of a different color - this will help the child learn to distinguish colors. Use soft pencils - they are easier for the child to handle.

outdoor painting
Fill a pie pan with sand or salt and take it out into the yard or garden. Invite the child to draw with his fingers on this "ground". When he gets tired of this activity, shake the baking sheet and the drawings will disappear. Take out an easel or just a stand for a future drawing, as well as paints and kitties, into the yard or garden. Let your kid try to draw on an easel. When he's done, hang up the sheet to dry.

4. Games that expand your understanding of the world around you

A game that develops the concept of color
The first step to the ability to identify colors is the selection of objects by color. Sit on the floor with your child and roll the toy car. Choose a red or blue car. After you and your little one play with this car for a while, take a different color car and play with it. Now take two sheets of paper of the same colors as the cars, spread the sheets of paper on the floor and put a car of the corresponding color on each of them. Remove the cars from the paper and have the child put the cars on the matching colored paper. When playing this game, be sure to name each of the colors you choose. A systematic game of colors will develop the child's ability to find the appropriate color.

Toy transfer game
Place two large containers on opposite sides of the room. Fill one of the containers with toys. You will also need a third container that is easy to move around, such as a basket with a handle. Show your child how to load toys from a full container into a basket, then carry the basket across the room and dump those toys into another empty container. He may have to make more than one trip with the basket and empty it more than once. When the baby takes the toys out of the basket, say: "That's it!" Repeat game. Every time the baby unloads the basket, say: "That's it!" Repeating this game many times, try to use the words "empty" and "full".

"What smells?"
Draw your child's attention to smells in the kitchen. This is especially easy when something is baking in the oven. Sit your baby in a high chair and put it in front of him different types food for him to smell. Show your child a lemon and say, "It's a lemon." Smell it and say, "Mmmm, it smells good!" Hold a lemon to your child's nose and tell him to sniff it.

"Happy Feet"
Walking barefoot on different surfaces helps the child develop eye-foot coordination.
Walk barefoot on smooth pebbles. Talk to your child about how your feet feel. Walk barefoot on the sand. Note that you experience different sensations when walking on pebbles and on sand.
Try walking barefoot on cushions, logs, grass, cement, brick, and other surfaces. Each time you move to a new surface, you force your body to adapt to it, which in turn develops eye and leg coordination.

We walk and study colors
Walk around the room with your child. Choose a toy of some color and take it with you. Find one or two objects that are the same color as the toy. Talk about what you found, such as "Daddy's yellow tie is the same color as your yellow ball" or "Mommy's blue blouse is the same color as your blue cube." You can modify this game: take a large basket and walk around the room with it, collecting toys and other objects of the same color in it.

Consider carefully
Sit at the table with your child and explain to him that you are going to do something special. Taking an orange in your hand, name it and say what color it is. Give the baby an orange. Let him sniff and feel it. Talk about the smell of an orange and how it feels (rough, cool, etc.). Peel the orange and break it open. Show the individual slices to the child. Give him a slice of orange and show him the thin film in which it is enclosed, and the grains. Eat one slice and ask your child if he wants to try the orange too.

5. Just useful games :)

"Where is the bear?"
Tie one end of a long ribbon around your favorite baby bear and hide it in a closet (closet, etc.) Close the closet door, and pull the ribbon out from under the door along and under the furniture, as well as under and over other objects located in the room. Tell the baby: "Look for the bear." Help him take the ribbon and follow it in search of the bear. Your child will definitely love this game. Play it many times and as you walk, following the ribbon, say where it lies, for example: "Ribbon behind the chair" or "Ribbon under the rug", etc. When you find the bear, give it a big hug and say, “Bear, dear! How glad we are to have found you!"

"Together with a bear"
You can do a lot with your baby along with the bear: shake the bear in your arms; kiss the bear; lift it up high; tickle the bear's tummy ... At the end of the game, be sure to ask the bear to wave goodbye.

"Listen, bear..."
Tell your baby that you are starting to play with the bear and that the bear will do anything you ask him to do. Recite the verse:

Bear, put your paws up.
Bear, put your paws down.
Bear, bear, spin around.
And then touch the ground
And rub your tummy
One, two, three, one, two, three!

While reading the poem, do all the exercises with the bear and ask the child to do the same with the bear.

"Climbing the Tower"
After playing this game with your child, show him how to play it with a teddy bear. Place the baby on your lap, and raise one of his hands high. Then, while reciting the rhyme, move the fingers of your other hand up the child's arm.

Step by step step by step
I must hurry now
To the top of the old tower
To ring the bell:
Ding dong
Ding dong.

When you say "ding-dong", slightly shake the baby's arm, as if ringing a bell. Depict a ringing bell in many ways: shake the child's hand or one finger, you can also squeeze and unclench your fingers. Repeat the game with the bear or other animals. Your little one will have fun playing it with the bear.

fun with teddy bear
Give your child his favorite bear or other animal. Tell him to put the bear on the chair. If he can do it right, praise him. Now ask the baby to place the bear in other, most different places: on the floor, table, bookshelf, etc. read the verse and act according to its content:

If the bear wants to eat,
He must sit at the table.
He wants to read a book
I will put a bear on a chair.
For him to go for a walk
I'll drop him to the floor.
So that my bear sleeps sweetly,
I'll put him to bed.

doll play
This is a wonderful food waiting game. Give your child his favorite doll or animal. Ask him about the doll: “Does she want to eat?”, “Is she sleeping?”. Tell the child to do with the doll what you say: “Kiss the doll” or “Hug her tightly”, “Rock her”, “Give the doll some milk”, “Can you give her a bath?”, “Change her diapers."
All these instructions will awaken in your baby a sense of responsibility. And if he does them with joy, his auditory skills will develop to a greater extent.

"High" and "Low"
Sit on a chair and place the child on your lap with his face turned towards you. Say: "High, high" and, hugging the baby tightly, lift him high. Now say: "Low-low." Spread your legs and gently lower your baby to the floor, holding him firmly. After doing this several times, ask the baby what he wants - to be “high” or “low”. And do what he prefers. When your toddler learns to play this game, invite him to play it on his own with his toy animals.

Fun with hand puppet
With the help of a small wrist puppet, you can come up with many games for your child. After you show him these games, he will take care of them himself. Put the doll on your hand and talk to the baby in a changed voice. Ask him about himself: “What is your name?”, “Do you know how to wave goodbye?” etc. Give a doll to a child and show him different ways to play with it: “Can you put the doll down?” “Can you put her to bed?” “Can you make her jump?”

6. Developing activities with objects

Exercises with boxes
Box and box activities can give your child many hours of fun. Gather some small toys and plastic boxes together. Give your child a large box. Let him throw toys at her and take them out. From the lid of the box, cut out different geometric shapes (circles, squares, triangles). Give your child these figures and see if he can fit them into the corresponding holes in the lid of the box. Give your child several boxes of different sizes and help him stack them one on top of the other. Soon he will understand that the largest box must be put down.

Attach a clothespin
Remove the lid from a large jar or similar container that does not have sharp or jagged edges. Show your child how to attach a plastic clothespin to the edge of the jar. Give him some clothespins for this exercise, and then show him how to throw the clothespins into the jar. Kids will be fascinated by this game, which perfectly develops the coordination of the eyes and hands.

building blocks
Sit on the floor with your child. Put one die down and say, "I'm putting one die down on the floor." Add another cube to it and say: "I put two cubes on the floor." Do the same with the third cube. Destroy the cube tower. Let the child build it again; help him if necessary. As the child's coordination improves, the height of the tower will increase.

Matching Shapes
Make holes in the top of the box or in the plastic lid of the coffee jar to match the shape of the household items you choose. Take round, triangular, and square objects such as a spool of thread, plastic curlers, cookie cutters, etc. Place the box or jar in front of your child and invite them to "explore" it with their hands. Throw one of the items inside the jar through a matching hole. Now give the baby the same object and, guiding his hand with yours, help him find a suitable hole. Repeat the game with all selected items. Let your little one take care of this on his own.

Mishkin train
Find a few boxes large enough to fit the bear and other toy animals in. Tie the boxes with strong ribbon or string. Ask the bear if he wants to ride the train. Ask your child to place the bear in the box. Ask the kid if he wants to ride some more animals. Give the rope to the baby and see if he can pull the train while you say:

Mishka's train, Mishka's train
Choo-choo-choo. Mishka's train, Mishka's train.
Choo-choo-choo. The train went faster.
(Speak and pull faster.)
The train went slower
(Speak and pull slowly.)
He pulls up to the station
(Speak very slowly.)
STOP!

Try to break
Kids this age love to tear things apart. This game is good to play in the kitchen, where you can interact with your child especially closely and watch him. Collect old magazines, tissue paper, wrapping paper, foil. Each of these types of paper is very interesting to tear, because it is accompanied by different sounds and, in addition, they are all different to the touch. Show your child how to tear up paper and throw it into the box. Since kids this age like to put everything in their mouths, keep an eye on the baby. Roll a piece of paper into a ball and toss it. Show your child how it's done. If he doesn't make a paper ball, make one yourself and let the kid throw it.

Playing with tied toys
Sitting on a high chair, your child would be happy to play with toys. But it is equally interesting to throw objects on the floor. Tie string around some toys. Tie the other end of each rope to a chair. This will allow the child to play without throwing toys on the floor. Note: Make sure that the ropes are not too long and cannot be accidentally wrapped around the baby's neck. Your child will also face the task of pulling the rope to get this or that toy.

rice fun
Playing with rice is a great activity for kids of this age. It helps them understand how to taste and smell something, and also develops their sense of touch. Boil and cool some rice. Place the rice in a large plastic bowl. Give your child the cups and spoons he will need for this game. Show him how to fill cups, put rice on it, pick up individual grains - the latter develops coordination of movements - and taste them.

Watch it fall
When your baby learns to pick up objects and hold them, he needs to learn how to let go of them. It is very convenient to do this if the child is sitting on his high chair. From there, he will clearly see how certain objects fall from his hands. Give your baby several items of different sizes and weights. Let him take from and throw. Feathers, plastic lids, cubes, ping-pong balls, and toys that make a sound when dropped are good for this. The kids enjoy playing this game.

7. Games that develop self-care skills

doll play
The proposed exercises are difficult for growing kids, as they are required to listen and act at the same time. However, this game helps to develop such skills well. Give the child his favorite doll (or some kind of rag animal) and ask him to find certain parts of her body. Ask where the doll has a head, ears, legs, tummy, etc. Let him do a series of characteristic actions with the doll: comb his hair; tickles the tummy; washes his face; brushing his teeth. Your baby in the process of this game will develop not only the skills of auditory perception, but also those practical everyday skills that you instill in him.

"Together with a bear"
The bear can be used to develop self-care skills in a growing baby. Talk “on an equal footing” with the bear and your own child, for example, in this way: “Katya, do you like to drink from a cup?”, “Bear, do you like to drink from a cup?” Pretend that you are drinking a bear.

"Sweeping the floor"
Help your growing baby imitate what he sees around him; this will prepare him for the more serious games you will keep him busy with when he gets older. Find pictures of what you do in the kitchen - washing dishes, eating, sweeping, cooking, etc. Show these pictures to your child and talk about each of them. Take one of the pictures and ask your child what is in it. If he still has a very small vocabulary, then ask the question in such a way that the baby can answer in one word. For example: “Is that mommy sweeping the floor?” After you talk, start doing the work shown in the picture: "Now mom will sweep the floor." Ask your child to help you.

"The Little Man in the Dark Mine"
Children of this age usually do not like to put on and take off clothes over their heads. Perhaps this rhyme will make this operation more pleasant. First of all, free the baby’s hands from clothes, and then start saying:

Little man in a dark mine
(Take your clothes and get ready to pull them over your head.)
Pickaxe works - knock, knock, knock,
(Gently touch his head three times already through the clothes.)
Now he's out, now he's out
From the dark mine to the light, to the light.
(Throw off your clothes and say: “Baby, hello.”)

8. Games that develop speech

Merry and sad dolls
Find two unpainted and unvarnished wooden spoons. Draw a cheerful face on one of them, and a sad face on the other. Use markers for this. Sit on a chair with your child on your lap. Take a spoon with a cheerful face and say all sorts of trifles:

Oh, what a wonderful day! .. You are such a lovely baby! .. and so on.

Now take the sad-faced spoon and change the tone of your voice accordingly. Sounds like "boo-boo" or "wah-wah" appeal to little kids. Ask your child which voice he wants to hear - happy or sad. Give him a spoon and let him say something. Accept with delight any sounds that he utters.

"Hello, who's talking?"
Take a toy phone that the child can play with himself or with you. Say "ding-ding" as if the phone is ringing, and pick up the receiver. When you talk to an imaginary person (one the child knows, let's say your parents or a friend), talk to the child at the same time. For example, say: “Hello, grandfather!”, And when addressing a child, say: “This is your grandfather.” Talk about things that the child understands - about a visit, about food or possible plans for this day. Be sure - the baby will understand what is at stake. Finally, say "Goodbye" and hang up. Give a phone to a child and let him have an imaginary conversation.

"Take and bring"
Put something familiar to your child (such as a toy or household item) on the other side of the room. Ask the baby to bring it to you: "Bring the doll, please." When he brings this item, increase the size of his "feat" with praise and strong hugs. Increase the difficulty of the challenge by adding multiple items. For example, put a hat, a shoe, and a cube on the other side of the room and ask your toddler to bring you a shoe. Ask him to bring you other items from those in the room. To further complicate the task, you can slightly change its conditions and hide the object under the chair, in one of the corners, behind the pillow, but so that this happens in front of the child.

Glossary
Growing kids replenish their vocabulary every day. Sometimes they say new words, and sometimes they even make them up, but they understand a lot. Choose a few of your baby's favorite words and match them with the appropriate pictures - cars, dogs, etc. Show the pictures to your child and ask him what he sees in them. Paste these pictures on separate sheets of paper and make a "dictionary book". Your child will love to look at such a "book" both with you and on their own.

"The bear went to the mountains"
You will need a bench (or a stable stool) to serve as a "mountain" in this game. It is important that your baby reaches its upper edge, standing up to its full height. Sit on one side of the bench with the baby and his teddy bear. On the other side of it, place one of the toys - for example, a ball. Start singing “Our bear went to the mountains” to any motive that you like. While you sing, the bear should "climb" onto the bench and "descend" from the other side of it.

Our bear went to the mountains,
Our bear went to the mountains,
What did you, bear, find there?

Ask: “What did you find there, bear?” And answer: "Oh, you found the ball!" Play this game again by placing the new toy on the other side of the "mountain". Ultimately, your baby will really want to tell what the bear found.

"It's suddenly raining"

When bathing a child, recite this rhyme, doing everything in accordance with it.

Rain, it's raining all of a sudden
Plop, plop, plop. (Slap the water with your hand.)
Rain, it's raining all of a sudden
Drip, drip, drip (Sprinkle the baby with drops of water.)
He is without clouds, without clouds, ready to go all day, (Tap your fingers on the water.)
My sweet will quickly wash everything. (Wash your baby with a washcloth.)

After you play this game the next time you bathe, let your child splash in the water. When the baby learns to do all this on his own, let him try to pronounce the words: “squish-squish”, “drip-drip”.

"Fingers talk"
This game is good to play when you are waiting for a doctor's appointment or in other similar situations. Draw funny faces on the pads of your fingers. Move your fingers back and forth, pretending that your "dolls" are talking. By changing the intonation and timbre of the voice, you will give the baby great pleasure. Dolly fingers can ask for something, ask questions, and even sing songs.

Prepared by: Marina Lanzburg.

In the preparation, materials were used from the books by Silberg Jackie "Entertaining games with kids from one to two": Per. from English-M.: "ECOPROSS", "Publishing house", 1997; M. Segal, D. Adcock "A child plays from one to two years", St. Petersburg: Peter Press, 1996.

At the age of 1 year, a child may already have twelve teeth. These are eight incisors (four on top and bottom) and four molars. If your child at this age does not yet have twelve teeth, it's not scary. They may erupt within the next three months. And this will also be the norm. Your task is to ensure that the child receives sufficient amounts of calcium and phosphorus salts and vitamin D.

Once you wanted to kiss your baby's heel and saw that he had a flat foot. And from this fact came into excitement. And in vain: there is no reason to worry. Your child does not have flat feet. A similar shape of the foot (without arch) is explained by the presence of the so-called fat pad under the skin. Over time, when the child walks more actively, the fatty tissue will disappear, and the arch will be indicated.

You can evaluate the psychophysical development of your child by comparing it with that "average" baby who, at the age of 1 year, can:

Stand up freely;
- to walk without the help of adults;
- with the help of adults (when they hold him by the hand) run;
- imitating an adult, repeat some simple actions and have fun with it;
- drinking from a cup without assistance;
- pronounce single simple words;
- understand what adults require from him;
- call family members by name, sometimes, however, strongly distorting these names;
- ask for a potty.

At the age of one year, the height of the child should approximately correspond to 72 centimeters.

In a year, a child, as you have already noticed, is very mobile. The danger of injury is hidden in its mobility and new possibilities. Considering what your child has learned to do, take a critical look at the environment in your apartment (house); and do not leave the child for a minute without your vigilant control.

What can a child in 1 year

Although your little one has just learned to walk, he can do other things as he walks. He will be able to walk and push, walk and pull, walk and carry toys, etc. If there is an older brother or sister nearby, the child willingly, imitating them, will do gymnastics. He will bend down. He will rest his head on the floor, and from this position he will examine others with interest, while waiting for their approval.

The peanut has learned to throw objects and now trains at every opportunity. Sometimes he does it just for fun, and sometimes he wants to know where the ball will roll. Fascinated, the yearling will watch intently as the ball bounces off the wall or rolls through the bedroom door and rolls under the bed.

Closer to 1 year, the child can shift the spoonful of food from one hand to the other and confidently hold the cup. In addition, he learns to scoop up water in the bathroom with the help of various objects, pulls the shoelace until it is untied, tears off the leaves from the plant, removes the beads over his head, draws a pencil and, holding the handle, opens the doors of the nightstand.

The child is interested not only in what is directly in front or behind, but also in what cannot be reached. Overwhelmed by curiosity, many babies climb to places where they themselves are not able to get down. Since it is easier for a baby to climb up than to go down, height can cause him unexpected fear - this suggests that the baby has a sense of height, which in turn creates a sense of danger.

Before his first birthday, the little man enjoys new sounds and new visual images. An exciting event for him will be, for example, going to the store. The baby will be happy to shake the pasta box, feel the bananas and smell the grapes. The kid loves to conduct "tactile" experiments - touch slippery jelly, sticky, wet glaze, hard and cold ice cubes.

It is impossible to keep a child from touching food during feeding. A one-year-old child spreads porridge on the table, sprinkles the juice and dips his fingers in milk. Even the most careful and picky parents are not able to prevent this. Some kids love to try new things. You will be surprised to see how the baby is eager to try cheese or bite off a piece of cauliflower.

A 1 year old is eager to learn new sounds as well as new objects. He knocks with a spoon on a glass, a plate, a bowl and on a high chair. The kid is also experimenting with his voice - sometimes he screams, sometimes he mutters indistinctly for a long time, imitating conversation and singing. It happens that, waking up in the morning, the baby has fun like this for about twenty minutes, until someone pays attention to him.

Most "scientific discoveries and experiments" occur when the child is engaged with toys and other objects. He likes to knock and stir something with a spoon, turn over boxes, jars and other containers, pour out the contents from there, pull the toy by the rope. Ultimately, all the actions of the baby are aimed at learning how to use objects for their intended purpose.

Classes with a child of 1 year

Tie colorful ribbons to two of your son's or daughter's favorite toys, such as a toy car and a teddy bear. Place the toys at some distance from the child, so that he can get them only by pulling the ribbon. Ask them to give you a bear first, and then a car. Soon the baby will learn to get the right toy. Try to play by first hiding one and then both toys, so that only the ribbons are visible to the baby.

Whether your child is walking alone or holding onto your hand, they will love the feel of different surfaces under their feet. Let the little one walk barefoot on the carpet and on the smooth floor, on the sand and on the grass. After returning from the store and putting the food in the refrigerator, leave a few purchases so that the baby can clean them himself. Talk to your loved one about how cold they are and let them touch them. Have your child help you put food in the refrigerator.

A cup and a tablespoon will help your baby learn to pour liquid. Show him how to dip the spoon into the bowl of water and fill the cup. This endless game can be played without fear of getting dirty. For more interest, put ice cubes in the water.

If you use flour instead of a pencil, you will get magical drawings. Sprinkle the flour in a thin layer on a clean, smooth surface. Move your finger across the flour to show you how to draw circles, zigzags and straight lines. Bend a piece of cardboard so that you get a small slide. Show your child how to put the car on top and then let it slide down.

Physical development of a child of 1 year

Lay a well-sanded board at least 15 cm wide and 120 cm long on the floor. Let the baby be on one side of the daughter, and on the other you put a toy. With your help, the child should get to the toy and take it. And if the board is on a slope, the game will become even more interesting.

Place adhesive paper on the floor, sticky side up. Attach it to the floor along the edges so that it does not slip. Let the baby walk across the paper. Put a few light toys on it: the baby will pick them off with pleasure. This exercise gives a good workout to the muscles of the arms and legs of the baby. Try to finish the game before the little one gets tired of it.

When you go swimming, give your child a sieve and some small toys. He will scoop up toys with a sieve and take them out of the water. This game contributes to the development of coordination of movements. If your one-year-old already knows how to walk, put a row of cubes in front of him. And offer to step over them. This will help your child learn to balance.

How much sleep should a one year old baby

First crises

In the first year of life, tiny creatures are waiting for a lot of crises - transitions. This is the identification of oneself as a being separate from the mother, and recognition of oneself, the search for one's own "I". What can I say, every new movement mastered is already a kind of leap! Moreover, in some children, even these “mini-crises” cause a “failure” in behavior. So, for example, a child who has just learned to crawl or walk is naughty for some time more than usual and sleeps worse ...

Psychologists say that the only time when tantrums are allowed for a person is the age of about a year. Firstly, the baby does not yet know the words to explain what he wants. Secondly, it is tantrums that are his usual way of behavior.

After all, quite recently, it was worth the baby to cry, to jerk his arms and legs, and his mother immediately came to find out what had happened. She calmed, comforted, fulfilled what she wanted. Now the child is older, but the method of attracting mother's attention is the same.

What to do with hysteria? First of all, don't wait for it to go away on its own. Swearing, shouting, spanking, trying to reason - it's useless. They still don't hear or understand. Just take it in your arms, hug you, shake it, calm it down.

If the tantrum happened on the street, take it home. In this situation, it is important to remember that the baby himself will not be able to calm down. His muscle tone is still too high for this, he will only strain harder and scream.

Crisis of the first year

The main problem of any crisis, and especially the first year, is that parents do not have time to reorganize after the rapid development of their beloved child. Just yesterday, the child lay quietly in the crib and was content with rattles, and today he has awakened an interest in the buttons of the tape recorder, medicines and a hammer.

And it’s a disaster on the street - it’s always such a neat one, now it climbs into a puddle, buries itself in the sand, rolls on rotten leaves ... At the table, the little one tries clumsily, but on its own to act with a spoon, smears itself in porridge and cries desperately when mom wants to take feeding into her own hands.

The first reaction of adults is to stop this disgrace. But after all, such “whims” and “bad behavior”, the desire to grab everything and demonstrate inept independence so far are not signs bad character and spoilage that needs to be dealt with. These are natural manifestations of the stage of growing up. Behind each of them is something very clear, understandable and important for the baby.

It is easy to suppress them - we adults are much stronger. But then we must be prepared for the fact that in ten years we will get a rotten and mumbled who, until the end of his (or our) days, will hold on to his mother's skirt, not being able and not wanting to live independently, to show character and willpower.

Signs of the crisis of the first year are:

- "difficulty in education" - stubbornness, persistence, disobedience, the demand for increased attention;
- a sharp increase in new forms of behavior, attempts at independent action and a resolute refusal to perform the necessary procedures;
- hypersensitivity to comments - in response to resentment, discontent, aggression;
- increased capriciousness;
- conflicting behavior: the baby can ask for help and immediately refuse it.

How quickly time flies! It seems that only yesterday you brought a snoring newborn into the house, and today your baby is already celebrating his first birthday! Parents are concerned about questions: how is the development of their baby, what should a child be able to do at 1 year old and what can their child do from this. Of course, all kids are different and learn new things at different times. But there is a certain average set of skills, most of which children should master by the age of one.

First skills

The first year is not easy for a little man. There is so much to learn! By the annual milestone, the baby approaches with basic skills on which his further achievements will be based:

1. can follow the movement of an object (or light) with his eyes;
2. moves his eyes after the rattle, hears and is interested in its sound;
3. gives loved ones the first smiles;
4. is able to keep his head in an upright position;
5. changes positions, rolls over from the stomach to the back and to the other side;
6. reaching for a rattle;
7. sits;
8. learns to roam.

Physical development of the child

By the age of one, children can sit, stand (holding on to an adult or pieces of furniture), stand up, crawl. Babies can stand up from any position. Some babies skip the crawling stage.

Basically, babies are able to walk along the support, or with support for one or both handles. Particularly nimble children walk without support and even run.

The physical development of the child goes forward by leaps and bounds:

• at 1 year old, the baby can walk up the stairs with the support of an adult;
• crawl up the stairs;
• climb on chairs, sofas, other pieces of furniture;
• children also descend from beds, sofas down, slide down ladders.

Important! Therefore, do not leave the child in a room with open windows, sockets, heavy objects that he can drop.

Even if it seems to you that the baby does not know how to climb onto the windowsill, know that you underestimate him! At this age, children guess to substitute a chair.

Psychomotor development of the baby

At the age of one, children actively learn about the world around them. The kid is interested in how this or that toy is arranged, how several large parts of the designer are connected into one whole.

By the age of one, the child has the following skills:

1. knows how to assemble and disassemble a pyramid of two or three rings;
2. can make a tower of two cubes;
3. knows how to remove lids from pots and boxes, can put some object into a box and close the lid;
4. masters the first sorters: can push small objects into holes cut in the lid of a cardboard box;
5. plays with dishes: “eats” with a spoon, “drinks” from a cup;
6. can “comb” a toy, feed it or put it to bed;
7. plays with his clothes, hats, boots;
8. takes toys with one or two hands, shifts from hand to hand;
9. can take small objects with two fingers (thumb and forefinger);
10. rolls a stroller, carries a car, can push a ball to make it roll;
11. tries to throw and catch a ball or other objects;
12. knows how to open cabinet doors, push and pull drawers, get things out of there, put them back;
13. copies the actions of other children: digs, claps, knocks with a stick on objects;
14. plays “in adults”: for example, he twists a screwdriver like dad, or paints his lips like mom.

Emotions and integration into society

• Closer to the year, babies begin to express their emotions more often with sounds, smiles, facial expressions, and not just crying;
• The tactile expression of feelings also becomes more active: most children know how to hug, kiss (parents, other babies, toys);
• If you carefully observe the baby, you begin to understand his body language. Close people usually know well what the child wants to “tell” them. With strangers, children can be more withdrawn;
• The kid knows well those whom he often sees: parents, other relatives; recognizes them in photographs and knows how to show them at the request of adults. He can also show cats, dogs, other animals or objects in pictures;
• At this age, children already know how to flip through books. For the sake of justice, it should be noted that not everyone is interested in books in one year, and this is normal: the rest of the kids will appreciate the charm of this lesson a little later;
• One-year-old children actively show both positive and negative emotions: they rejoice at the return of their parents from work, the appearance of a new toy. At the same time, they may cry if an outsider addresses them, or gets angry at the word “no”. Read the article on how to explain to a child what is not allowed?>>>
• At this age, the baby often imitates adults: "communicates" on the phone, "reads" a book, fiddles with dad's tools.
• In addition, children copy the facial expressions of their parents and use it. In a year they are able to distinguish facial expressions. Children also understand the intonation with which they are addressed, they can copy it when walking;
• The baby knows how to fulfill simple requests: “give me a toy”, “show the cat”, “where are the eyes”. Children learn this skill quickly, it is enough to play such games with them several times;
• The kid knows how to dance to the music that he likes, "sings along" to children's songs. If your child does not do this, show him an example - he will immediately learn. This activity is very popular with one-year-old children;
• Imitating adults and peers, kids master the first games. Yearlings know how to clap their hands, play “coo-coo” (hide their faces in their hands);
• Children are interested in their reflection in the mirror, they can actively spin in front of him, admire themselves.

This is not a complete list of what a child can do, because at 1 year old the social and emotional development of the crumbs primarily depends on the people around him. At this age, kids do amazing things. It is enough to engage in their physical development and demonstrate their own example, and your baby will amaze you with his quick wits.

See also in my video tutorial about the development of a baby at 12 months:

The formation of speech

At one year, the child understands the speech addressed to him. He focuses on intonation, knows simple expressions. The more you talk to him, the wider his passive becomes. vocabulary(i.e. those words that he understands). From 2 to 10 words a child can speak at 1 year old.

Abbreviated words and onomatopoeia at this age are also considered words if they always mean the same thing. For example, if “mu” is always “cow”, then this onomatopoeia is also considered a word.

Important! But do not worry if the child does not say anything. It is much more important that he understands you. If this does not happen, the baby must be shown to a specialist.

The child may have problems with hearing, speech apparatus, neurological, psychological disorders.
Most deviations from the norm at this age are successfully compensated if you start exercising with the baby in time.

What else does a child know at one year old:

1. answers the question "who is this?" in separate words: mother, av, me-me;
2. knows how to show familiar actions at the request: how he smiles, how he stamps his foot, how he eats, etc .;
3. knows his name, responds to his name;
4. tries to repeat new words;
5. knows the words "can" and "impossible".

You can speed up the speech development of a child if you constantly talk to him, comment on your actions and what is happening around. You can pronounce words, clearly articulating sounds, encouraging the baby to repeat after you.

When talking to children, do not distort and abbreviate words. In this case, the child remembers the “wrong” sound, and it can be very difficult to retrain him. Talk to your baby like an adult, only more emotionally.

Yearlings and their skills self-service

In year small man already striving for independence. Here are some everyday skills of one-year-old children:

• They can (or at least try to) eat with a spoon. There are even children who successfully use a fork at this age;
• They drink from a non-spill cup, and sometimes from a mug;
• They try to dress themselves. If you are not in a hurry, give the baby the clothes that you plan to put on him, let him practice a little;
• They know how to bite and chew solid food (cookies, bread, banana). See also: how to feed a child?>>>
• They know how to wash their hands, dry them with a towel. It is very easy for children to teach this action by showing their own example several times. Read more about how to develop independence in a child?
• Little by little they are starting to potty train. Find out at what age to potty train a child?

At this age, it is enough if the baby knows what the potty is for, knows how to correlate wet pants and his natural needs.

It is good if he accepts some conditional sound that indicates a desire to go to the potty, although such an understanding can come much later than one year of age. To do this, you can seat the children on the potty, pronouncing this very conditional sound. They will remember it very quickly.

Each child approaches the yearly milestone with a certain set of skills. What this set will be depends largely on the parents. At this age, it is necessary not only to show the baby the world around and talk to him, but also to give the baby more independence (under the supervision of elders). Let your child learn from experience and soon you will be surprised by the result!

So your little one turned 1 year and 2 months old, which means that now you are side by side with a little naturalist. This is the very age when the little man especially wants to touch everything, throw it on the floor and, of course, try it on the tooth. Now for the baby only an eye and an eye!

Physiological parameters of a child in a year and 2 months: the height and weight of a baby at the age of one year and two months

• Growth - the normal range is expanding, now the averages are 74-82 cm.
• The weight - 10-13 kg.
• Head circumference - 46-48 cm, chest - 48-51 cm.

Teeth- there are more of them, some nimble children already have their first chewing teeth.

Attention: don't panic if your readings are slightly different, this is normal. All children are different, this is due to both the state of health and genetics. But, if you are very worried, of course, you should consult with the doctors.

What a child can do at 1 year and 2 months: features of the development of crumbs

1. Walks confidently without assistance (in this sense, boys are lazier than girls; they often start walking later. This is not a deviation, but a feature of psycho-emotional development).
2. Increases passive vocabulary , the child is already able to accurately fulfill small requests (for example, “bring a typewriter” or “come to the crib”).
3. Can pronounce short syllables denoting words (“mom”, “dad”, “ba”, “yum”, “scratching” - a comb, also, of course, everyone’s favorite “kaka”, well, etc.).
4. Can imitate the sounds that animals make (lamb "beee", pussy - "meow", etc.).
5. Distinguishes voices relatives and strangers.
6. Able to do simple manipulations with objects , play with large toys (ride a toy horse, pushing off with legs, press buttons, open and close doors and drawers, comb hair).
7. Can point to objects and ask for help (point to a high-lying toy and say “give” or point to the refrigerator with the word “yum”).
8. Can ask to be rocked or rolled on their shoulders.

At this age, children usually still do not know how to:

• ask for a potty;
• handle with a spoon.

These are complex skills, more complex, they come later.

The daily routine of a child at 1 year and 2 months

Dream

Daytime sleep remains two times a day, the second is slightly shorter than the first. It is very important to accustom the baby to a clear daily routine, at the same time, sensitively listening to his needs. If you see that the child sleeps restlessly during the day and wakes up often, it is worth considering how to gradually switch to one-time sleep during the day, prolonging its duration. While the regime is being established, the child needs to be awakened if he himself does not wake up on time. In the future, this is not recommended, as the baby's mood worsens. It is worth sleeping with an open window, and in warm summer you can even put the baby to sleep on the summer veranda.

Food

Feeding remains 4-5 times a day (breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner, night feeding - on demand). Sometimes the baby asks for breasts in the morning, this is normal, but then the regimen needs to be slightly adjusted. The break between feedings is 3-4 hours.
At this age, there are more teeth, the first chewing teeth may even appear, so you need to slowly add more solid food (bread, meatballs, cookies, pieces of fruit) to the diet.

Sample menu for a baby aged 1 year and 2 months

Breakfast: it is better to give porridge (you can no longer wipe it, boil the cereal well enough), vegetables, cottage cheese, eggs, meat and fish purees. From drinking - milk, herbal teas, fruit drinks.
Dinner: necessarily soup (vegetable or meat), the second course (with a side dish) and sweets (stewed fruit, mousses, jelly, soufflé).
Afternoon snack: preferably some kind of fermented milk dish with fruits and cookies. If you notice that the baby is reluctant to eat dinner, then the afternoon snack should be made easier.
Dinner: built on the principle of breakfast. It should be light and well digestible so that the child falls asleep peacefully.
If the child ran and got hungry before going to bed, let's say a light snack (cottage cheese, banana, etc.)

Fresh air

Be sure to walk with the baby at least 2 times a day for 1.5 hours. In the summer, if the weather permits, you can do both.

Bathing

At this age, children are very fond of swimming and splashing in the water, so there should be no problems. To maintain hygiene, it is enough to wash 2-3 times a week and as needed. The water temperature should be comfortable. You can also introduce rubbing with a wet towel before an afternoon snack.

Gymnastics

At this age, children are very mobile even without special exercises, so it is better to pay attention to fine motor skills and make sure that your little one does not fly off the stairs in pursuit of sunbeams. The kid will enthusiastically pull out all the dishes from kitchen cabinets, and also scatter daddy's socks, taking them from the bottom shelf. But there is no need to be angry with him for this, in this way the muscles of the arms are strengthened very well. And, besides, it's time to start accustoming the child to order, putting everything in place.

What to do with a child at 1 year and 2 months - games and activities for the baby

Attention:

At this age, kids begin to feel a great need for self-expression and the word “no” is firmly established in their vocabulary. Here it is very important not to overdo it with prohibitions and, at the same time, not to indulge whims. Try to respect the preferences of your child, do not force him to eat if he does not want to. But it’s not worth making indulgences in the daily routine, this little capricious will unravel even more.

Speech development

Be sure to talk a lot with the crumbs. For example:

• describe your actions (“let's collect toys, take a bunny and put it in a box”, “get dressed, take out panties and pull on legs”);
• name the parts of the body (my palms, games and songs about fingers, etc.);
• describe what you see on the image;
• you can start learning poetry , while simultaneously depicting what is happening there (“A bull is walking, swinging ...”).

Interesting and educational. Try doing this:

1. start learning shapes and their properties (for a start, a ball and a cube are enough). Balls can be rolled, thrown into a basket. Towers can be built from cubes. Over time, it will be possible to ask the baby to disassemble objects into balls and cubes;
2. study the properties of objects. You can splash and pour it in water, tear or crumple paper, open and close pot lids. This is an occupation for hours, most importantly, observe safety precautions, remember about cutting teeth and the desire to taste everything;
3. draw . Crayons, pencils and especially paints! This will give your little one endless pleasure and begin to develop abstract thinking.

Communication. Here, too, there are tricks:

• start learning politeness (phrases: "hello", "good morning", "bye-bye", "please", etc.);
• learn to share (toys, fruits, etc.).

Gross motor skills. You have to do it like this:

• reinforce walking skills , learn to walk in a straight line (you can lay out multi-colored ribbons);
• walk up the stairs by the hand , climb curbs and small hills, step over objects;
• collect items (transfer the cubes from the floor to the chair). And all this - together!

Fine motor skills. Highly important point, because:

• play pyramids and constructor (important: you should not demand to collect the pyramids correctly, at this age it is enough to learn how to string the rings on the base);
• sprinkle cereals and pasta from a saucepan to a saucepan with handles or a spoon (the main thing is to be around at this moment so that the child does not accidentally put pasta in his mouth and choke);
• play clothespins. Have your little one pull clothespins off pillows, fabrics, and plushies.

A child of one year and two months is very inquisitive. Try to give your baby more attention, because at this age he needs it so much.