Detailed schemes for the construction of frame houses with their own hands

The construction of frame structures has long been unusually popular. There is nothing surprising in this. This method of construction is very attractive with a simple technology that allows you to carry out all the work on your own, without resorting to the help of hired workers. And the materials for construction are required not too expensive and quite affordable.

A modern frame house is a special design in which columns and load-bearing beams are actively used. The perimeter of the frame itself is upholstered with chipboard sheets, plywood and other things. All free places and gaps are filled with any available filler, which is also. Usually, polyurethane foam, stone and other materials play this role.

Frame house schemes: overview and planning

The use of sufficiently compact blocks and wooden columns made of wood allows construction without the involvement of special equipment - winches and cranes.

The complete absence of concrete slabs and stone blocks in the structure under construction provides a small weight to the entire structure.

And this eliminates the need to equip durable with your own hands.

However, when determining the type of foundation, one should not proceed from the mass of the building alone.

It must also be taken into account on which it is planned to erect a building. If it is clayey, heavy enough, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without a solid, monolithic foundation. If the soil has a normal sand content, then it is enough or.

If the homeowner doubts the quality of the soil for construction on his site, then he can clarify its type and composition with the local architectural bureau. Do not neglect without first making sure that you can actually do without it. The proposed construction will use natural material of wood origin. Even fully processed, high-quality material, it is better to avoid prolonged contact with water.

There are two schemes for building a frame house:

• All activities are completely self-managed. Ready-made blocks are not used: only original building materials;
• erection of a structure from fully finished, completed blocks, which are manufactured industrially.

Consider the first, more democratic option

Construction begins with a scheme of a frame house, or its project (plan). When compiling it, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the future structure, on which the required amount of building material also depends. Some believe that this stage can be dispensed with, and in vain.

No one guarantees that work will not have to be interrupted later due to the lack of some materials, or their non-compliance with the requirements. You can use a suitable ready-made project, which is not difficult to find on the net.

Well, if you need an individual house "for yourself", with specific ideas and ideas, then it is better to turn to a professional. After all, the finished sketch should have floor plans, a detailed foundation diagram, floor drawings and.

Scheme of nodes of a frame house: laying the foundation

The beginning of any construction is preceded by laying the foundation of the building, or foundation.

It has already been noted above that its type depends on the characteristics of the soil in the place chosen for construction.

If the post is not too prone to spreading, it is quite possible to use a strip or column foundation. Screw is good because it can be used in almost any type of soil.

The advantages of this type of foundation also lie in the fact that, if necessary, it is easy to restore or repair it. Remarkable under all buildings is an added bonus. To prevent moisture from entering from the outside, two layers of roofing material should be laid between the base of the house and the piles of the foundation.

Important. At least a month (not less) must pass from the completion of laying the foundation before construction starts. This time is necessary for shrinkage. It will also have to be used for the benefit of the cause: to carry out all the necessary preparatory measures before the start of a large construction site.

For the construction of a reliable and solid structure, you will need:

• lumber for the construction of the house itself. The length of the bars is determined by the size of the future house. Their thickness will correspond to the thickness of the bearing walls;
• waterproofing material. Usually it is roofing material;
• material for thermal insulation: mineral or stone wool, polystyrene, etc.;
• necessary fasteners: anchor bolts, self-tapping screws, brackets, dowels;
• various for wood processing;
• roof material: lumber, heat-insulating, waterproofing and roofing materials;
• cladding material: chipboard or, lining, plywood sheets, etc .;
• special superdiffusion membrane required for roofing.

Construction of the frame according to the scheme

After the laid foundation has withstood the allotted time, proceed to attach the lower upholstery from above. On the foundation, the boards laid out on it are fixed with anchor bolts. It is desirable that the number of joints be minimal.

When the foundation is made and laid out, you can begin to install the frame.

It can be made from or from wood. The metal version is stronger - it is much more reliable, but, accordingly, more expensive. This will require welding to assemble. Another way is with steel fasteners that look like staples.

If it is a tree, then the details must be carefully processed with a suitable one. Fasteners will not serve as bolts and staples made of iron, but wooden dowels.

The frame does not have to be assembled directly on the foundation. You can do this separately, and then put the finished structure in place and securely fasten it.

The correct assembly of the frame is carried out from its corners. They are marked by a strong pairwise connection of even boards. After that, outlines are made for the future location of the openings for and. Too frequent uprights are not required. from each other is determined by the width of the prepared insulation material.

By the way, the insulation will not protect the vertical racks, in these places the cold can penetrate inside. For stability, vertical racks or beams are reinforced with special braces. When all the racks are installed and well aligned, proceed to lay out the crown. Then lay the window and door openings. Boards are fixed with dowels or screws.

Scheme of the wall of a frame house: crate

When all the vertical and horizontal rails are installed and well fixed, you can start making the crate.

It can be oblique or horizontal. If it is possible to choose between them, then the first option is preferable.

With a horizontal crate, the boards should go every forty centimeters, at least.

The oblique is allowed at an angle of 45 degrees, the gaps between the individual planks are no more than 40 cm.

In both the first and second cases, the crate is fixed with self-tapping screws.

Assembling a frame house: floors

Perhaps the most important thing when installing floors will be to avoid sagging boards.

The beams are supposed to be laid one after another, in parallel, well fixing them with studs.

The distance between them should be no more than 0.6 meters.

For floors of the first floor, it is necessary to install additional props, for reliability.

If we are talking about the floors of the second (and third) floor, then the internal walls will quite cope with the role of a reliable support for roofs and ceilings.

Roof according to the scheme of the frame house

If the ceiling erected at the previous stage was intended for the roof, then the ends of the laid logs will become the support for.

The material for the roof is selected according to the preferences and capabilities of the owner of the construction site. It can be roofing material, and much more. Like other installation work, the installation of the frame also starts from the corners.

The ends of the roof frame are securely attached to the floor joists. The roof is usually in the shape of an isosceles triangle. The distance between the rafters corresponds to the width of the material that is supposed to be used as insulation or coating.

and other. A durable, waterproof material is laid under the sheathing with a margin of 20-30 cm.

The walls are upholstered with the selected material, then the roof, windows and doors are inserted. The floors are laid last. The boards are hemmed under the laid logs, all the gaps formed between the boards and the logs are filled with insulation.

If there is such an opportunity, then it is better to make the floor insulation two-layer.

First, a layer of foam, followed by mineral wool. When all the insulation is laid out, the floorboards are laid. They are placed perpendicular to the lags. For greater evenness and smoothness of the floor, you can finish it on top with OSB boards or plywood sheets. When the floor is laid, you can proceed to the interior decoration of the walls. All existing gaps between horizontal and vertical lags should be filled with insulation. A special vapor barrier film is applied on top. Then sheathing with plywood or clapboard is carried out.

To make the walls more stable, you will have to install internal braces for both intermediate walls and external ones.

Attachment points for the construction of a frame house

In order for the frame house to meet the declared characteristics, care should be taken to properly assemble the existing ones. This is a rather complicated process, so before starting work, you should carefully study the technology. Those who are not too versed in construction work may not immediately understand what kind of nodes they are.

These are important junctions of individual structural elements of the structure. The most responsible among them are ceilings, walls and roofing systems. Each of the indicated main nodes in its own design also has a certain number of nodal connections.

Let's list them in order, from the bottom of the structure to the top:

• in corner joints, this is the joining of the lower trim beam to each other; fastening to the surface of the foundation of the lower trim, consisting of a bar;
• installation of vertical racks: first, corner racks are installed, and only then the remaining ones;
• reliable fixation of the upper strapping, consisting of a bar;
• connections that serve to securely fix the structure of the frame itself both in vertical and horizontal planes: this guarantees its rigidity and stability;
• fastening the ceiling beams to the strapping of the timber at the top.

Connections of the main elements of the roof to each other:

• top trim and rafters;
• the rafters themselves at the very top, in the ridge area;
• crossbar and rafters;
• rafters and counter-lattices;
• rafters and battens

All designated nodes are load-bearing, as they are responsible for the reliability and strength of the entire structure. Secondary nodes should also not be overlooked, they are no less important for the stability of the structure. These are interfloor ceilings and logs. As a proven connection of individual building elements, special fasteners are used.