5 floor designs above the basement
What is a basement? In a simple way, a room under the house. Basement construction has its own special technologies, which provide for basement waterproofing, waterproofing of the basement outer wall and foundation. Waterproofing protects the basement, and therefore the house, from moisture and water getting under the house. However, the basement construction technology does not provide for mandatory basement insulation, and even more so, it does not provide for heating in the basement, and even more so in the underground.
But not only the basement, a room in the house for storing a separate household belongings, but also the underground is a source of cold air penetrating into the house. The underground of the first floor is formed between the walls of the strip foundation, as well as all other foundations other than the monolithic foundations of the UWB and RPP. By definition, the underground is a cold, well-ventilated space under the house. Ventilation is provided by special ventilation holes in the foundation (air vents). Mandatory backfilling of soil and layers of crushed stone and sand in the underground do not save from the cold.
All these features make the main requirement for the floor of the first floor of a private house - its insulation. Floor insulation is standardized according to SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings". More about architectural design at .
5 floor structures above the basement, depending on the type of floor
Basement wooden floor construction
The wooden floor on the first floor of the house is done along the logs. Logs can lie (lean) on pillars made of concrete and brick or matched in size and laying step, made without supports.
In both cases, a wooden filing is made from the bottom of the beam, a non-combustible insulation (mineral wool) is laid on it, and everything is sewn on top with OSB boards or moisture-resistant plywood.
The design of the wooden floor along the logs laid on the supporting pillars is similar. The only difference is in the isolation of the beams from contact with the stone platforms of the supporting pillars with the help of wooden spacers coated with an antiseptic and covered with roofing material.
The picture did not fit one layer of this design, but it is needed. This is a vapor barrier layer, which is laid on the insulation, under the subfloor sheathing of the first floor.
Video articles: Floor insulation
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Basement concrete floor construction
Optionally, use beams for the ground floor floor. With a good foundation, a concrete floor slab can become the subfloor of the first floor. In this case, the floor design itself changes, but the principle remains the same: the floor must be insulated and protected from condensation due to temperature differences.
If a concrete slab serves as the base of the first floor, then any floor structure is appropriate:
- Floor on wooden logs laid on a slab, with insulation between the logs;
- Warm water or electric floor;
- Semi-dry screed on a layer of hard insulation, followed by a thin electric floor.
Loaded floor structure (floating floor)
The loaded floor, the basis of which is the floor slab, is done as follows:
A polystyrene foam insulation is laid on the floor slab, a film is overlapped on it, which will serve as a waterproofing agent. A screed is made over the film. The floating floor screed is separated from the walls by a thin layer of insulation (damper). A dry screed is covered with a vapor barrier and a base is laid for the finished floor.
Note
Usually, a wooden underfloor heating device is not used to insulate the floor of the first floor. Let me remind you that a wooden underfloor heating system is made between joists or on a special wooden flooring and reflective elements laid on it.
However, it is quite acceptable to arrange a warm floor on the ground floor if it is a floor slab. The main thing is not to forget that the concrete insulation made of extruded polypropylene should be thicker than 25-30 mm. And also under the insulation, a waterproofing material is laid on the slab, and a heat-reflecting material is laid on the insulation.