Slab formwork: installation instructions

Installation of the formwork of floors may differ in different parameters, which is characterized by the type of product and the peculiarity of the work. In this article, we will consider the types of formwork for floors, and also describe detailed installation instructions.

Types of products for overlapping

All work on the installation of formwork for ceilings is intended for the construction of buildings or houses in a monolithic way. When carrying out work, it is important to adhere to the rules and recommendations in order to ensure the strength and stability of the structure. Formwork installation technology should be carried out by workers or specialists in this field.

Before moving on to the installation of floor formwork, it is important to consider the parameters and types of this type of product. There are such types of structures:

on wedge forests;
formwork on cup scaffolding;
on bulky bowls;
formwork on telescopic props.

For telescopic racks made of steel, formwork is used when the ceiling height is not more than 4.6 meters. When erecting a structure of greater height, it is important to use volumetric formwork. In this case, the installation is intended for monolithic slabs made of reinforced concrete, with a height of 20 meters and a thickness of up to 70 cm. For this type of formwork, it is necessary to use vertical posts, inserts, jacks, crossbars and other connecting elements. All installation and dismantling works are not complicated.

Features of the installation of telescopic slab formwork are fixing the tripod in the base, which supports the entire structure. At the same time, the installation technology is carried out using special shields. They are made of plywood, which has waterproof properties. In fact, plywood boards are solid items for formwork assembly.

Another type of construction is carried out on wedge scaffolding, which is used for the installation of floors of a multi-storey building. They can be used for other purposes, however, instead of plywood, scaffolds are laid on them and ladders are fixed, which is necessary for lifting workers. Wedge scaffolding has a design prototype that consists of horizontal and vertical racks. They can be connected at different angles, which will allow you to perform high-quality work on difficult sites.

The technology of installation of ceiling formwork on cup scaffolding consists in installing a structure in the form of a frame. This method differs from the previous one in that the option of connecting the racks must be done using the cup method. This will allow you to install at the same level from 1 to 4 parts in 1 bowl.

Features of the assembly of formwork for beam ceilings

The technology for mounting the formwork of the ceiling involves the use of beams made of reinforced concrete. They carry out the main load of the building. Therefore, formwork is important not only for floors, but also for the beams themselves. Work must begin after the installation of the columns is completed.

First of all, the beams are fastened into special grooves, which are located in the formwork structure of the columns. After that, you can proceed with the installation of telescopic racks, however, it is important to remember the allowable heights. All supporting elements are recommended to be installed on tripods, which are fastened with crossbars, which will increase the stability of the beam ceiling.

Next, they proceed to the installation of the formwork walls, which are important to fasten together and the bottom using special fasteners. An additional element of strengthening is the flooring of wooden beams. Under them, it is also important to install telescopic racks for the formwork of the slabs. The last stage of work is the installation of panels on the sides of the formwork and the laying of the reinforcing frame. In this case, it is necessary to additionally check the following aspects:

final formwork adjustment procedure;
checking the level of floor beams and other elements;
establish the presence of sags or deflections that are important to eliminate.

Features of installation of formwork without monolithic beams

The formwork installation scheme using this technology can be compared with the features of the installation for beam ceilings. However, this method is simpler, since there is no need to install additional fences, they are designed for pouring monolithic beams. You should be aware that for the assembly of formwork it is important to adhere to the requirements and rules that determine the installation distance of the support posts.

The installation step should be no more than 2 meters if the ceiling height is up to 230 mm.
A step of 1.7 meters is used for floors with a thickness of 28 cm.
If the overlap is about 320 mm, then it is advised to install racks every half a meter.

During installation work, it must be remembered that the distance between the racks described above has the maximum performance. Therefore, the step between the supports is recommended to be slightly reduced. Plywood, plastic and other building materials can be used as panels for the construction of the formwork of slabs. It is important to know that in order to obtain a good quality surface, it is important to use laminated products. If you plan to use plywood, then it is important that it is moisture resistant.

Features of installing polystyrene formwork

This installation scheme has some nuances that are important to remember when installing the formwork. The design scheme is designed for certain cavities, which are intended for the formation of load-bearing beams from reinforced concrete. This will reduce the amount of work. At the same time, in all details of the formwork there are special niches through which various communications can be laid, such as sewerage, water supply, electricity.

An approximate scheme for creating formwork for a monolithic slab of expanded polystyrene does not present certain difficulties, so that 2 or 3 people can participate in the process of work. It is advised to start the installation technology with the installation of racks and load-bearing beams.

It is important to know that the direction of the beams must be perpendicular to the position of the shields and the perforated metal profile, which will increase the bearing capacity. If it is necessary to carry out the necessary communications through the formwork, then it is possible to cut an opening in the wall, while it is important to seal the joint area.

Features of dismantling work

The parameters for dismantling the formwork may depend on various factors, which are determined by some regulatory and design documents. In this case, the implementation of the deadlines depends on several factors:

brand of concrete used;
time of year when installation work is carried out;
thickness and overlap parameters.

As a rule, in the summer it will be possible to remove the formwork after 3 or 4 days, but it is recommended to continue construction work only after 3 weeks. In winter, the drying time of concrete is extended, which depends on wet and cold weather. The essence of formwork dismantling lies in the simplest disassembly of parts. If the design has special falling heads, then the dismantling process is greatly simplified.

Also, the use of such parts will allow to partially carry out the work, but it is possible to simultaneously remove the formwork of the slabs, photos of which can be seen on this site. You can determine the time for the removal of the structure if you calculate the level of concrete strength, the indicator of which should be from 70 percent.

How to make a formwork for overlapping: step by step instructions

In such a situation, we will consider the features of the construction of formwork for monolithic ceilings. They are often used in today's construction. If in the process of work using high-quality materials manufactured using the latest technologies, this will reduce the weight of the structure, load parameters, which will reduce construction costs.

High-quality performance of work ensures the correct installation of the formwork, because pouring and forming the foundation is not a difficult process. As a rule, builders use several options for using formwork, some of which offer to purchase a finished structure, while others prefer to do everything themselves.

It is important to know that the formwork for the floor slab is made in this way: a frame is assembled from vertical racks, which are fastened together with special crossbars. They are nailed perpendicularly to the transverse beam, on which the plywood flooring is laid. It must be laminated and moisture resistant, which forms the bottom of the formwork. To carry out the work, it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

support posts, which are bars with a section of 120x120 mm to 150x150 mm;
crossbar beam and transverse beam - has the form of an edged board, the cross section of which is 160-180x50 millimeters;

braces, which are a board that has a thickness of 3 cm;
flooring, moisture-resistant plywood is used, the thickness of which is 1.8 cm.

For such work, it is not necessary to purchase expensive materials made from coniferous trees, which is very uneconomical, so several alternative options can be distinguished:

use lumber that is intended for the truss system;
use previously used products that were previously used in construction;
preference for materials that are made from low-grade tree species, such as softwoods.

To carry out the work, it is necessary to make a calculation of the formwork of the slabs, namely, to establish the required number of supporting elements, which are racks. So, when assembling the formwork, it is important to consider the steps for placing the rack. All parameters and distances were indicated in this article.

Step-by-step instructions for mounting the formwork:

1. Considering the thickness of the floor, we recalculate the steps between the beams, thus forming the first row. To do this, you need to drive a longitudinal beam into special grooves with nails into the upper ends of the support posts. The approximate depth of the half-groove should be equal to the crossbar. This will provide the desired load on the support. Further, we fix the ends of the longitudinal beam to the wall.

2. In the same way, it is necessary to assemble the second row for formwork. The base for the structure must be strong and even. To do this, it is advised to put a board under the supports, the thickness of which should be about 5 cm.

3. Perpendicular to the longitudinal beam, we attach a transverse beam with a set distance of 60 cm. Next, we install support posts, the verticality of which is checked with a plumb line.

4. Using the same technology, you need to install the remaining rows in order to create a frame of the desired parameters.

5. It is important to level the horizontal bars using a building level, while the height of the racks is easy to adjust.

6. It is important to fasten all racks together using braces. They can be attached with nails, while their position must be diagonal. At the same time, you need to ensure that the entire frame of the racks is strong enough and reliable for further work.

8. It is important to keep the ends of the floor from freezing. Thus, masonry must be made around the perimeter, for example, from aerated concrete blocks. For brick walls, it is necessary to lay out four rows of brickwork, the thickness of which is 12 cm. And it is recommended to insulate the outer side with foam.

10. We are pouring concrete mortar. It is recommended to dismantle the formwork after 20 days.

The formwork installation scheme for different types of floors represents the implementation of a large amount of work, the implementation of which will require huge costs. Of course, the formwork can be built with your own hands, or you can purchase a new design. In this case, all costs will be the same. To understand the construction scheme, we recommend watching the video on the formwork of the floors presented at the end of the article.

Slab formwork: installation instructions