Estimate and calculation / 29.04.2020

What sweet peppers love when growing. Planting sweet pepper seedlings when sowing proper seed treatment and seedling care. Sweet pepper: cultivation and care in a greenhouse

Sweet pepper is a very popular vegetable crop, it contains a large number of vitamins and amino acids. It can be used with meat dishes, steam, boil, fry, preserve.

The benefits of sweet pepper are that it: strengthens the immune system, improves hair, eyesight, lowers blood pressure.

How to grow sweet peppers? AT open ground. Gardeners middle lane In Russia, pepper is grown in seedlings. The period from germination to harvest is about 140 days. Seedlings at the stage of bud development at the age of 70 days are planted in a greenhouse or in open ground.

To grow seedlings by early June, you need to sow pepper seeds in early March.

If there is a greenhouse or the opportunity to cover the bed with a film, then the seeds can be sown in February.

The scheme of planting sweet pepper.

Seeds must be prepared before planting. First, they are sorted by immersion in salted water and stirring. Floated seeds are underweight, they are of poor quality, so they are removed. The rest are washed and disinfected in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. Then they are washed again and enriched with mineral fertilizers. A mixture of mineral fertilizers can be bought in specialized stores. Seeds are soaked for a day in a solution containing fertilizers. They need to be treated by bubbling, that is, immersion in water, which is blown with air. This processing takes place within two days. Next, the seeds are placed on a damp cloth and placed in a warm place with a temperature of about 30 degrees. After they begin to peck, you need to place them in the soil to a depth of 1.5 cm.

The stage of picking peppers is different from other vegetables. Many gardeners recommend transplanting two plants into pots at once. Peppers are cross-pollinated crops, so planting them in pairs helps increase yields.

The choice of a particular variety of sweet pepper depends on the purpose of the fruit and on your taste. If peppers will be consumed more often fresh, then it is advisable to choose varieties with more large fruits. These are varieties such as the Gift of Moldova, California Miracle, Winnie the Pooh. These varieties require special growing conditions. If the fruits are going to be preserved, then small-fruited varieties are more suitable - Merchant, Topolin. They are not so capricious and do not require comfortable growing conditions. When planting, you can use the seeds of mature large fruits. How many pepper bushes should be on the site, you need to decide individually. To use the fruits for cooking and canning for the winter, 20-25 plant bushes are usually enough for an average family.

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Growing seedlings

Table of indoor air temperature when growing seedlings.

When the seedlings have two true leaves, they need to be transplanted into separate pots. When diving, seedlings do not need to be deepened too much. Sometimes you can do without diving. You can sow seeds directly into pots. As the seedlings grow, you need to transplant the sprouts into larger pots without damaging their roots. The weaker plants are then removed. This method is more efficient. The picking of pepper somewhat delays the growth of plants.

In the process of growing seedlings, she needs strong lighting. Before planting in the soil, it is necessary to harden the sprouts under the sun. If, before planting, the seedlings have never been under the rays of the sun, then it can burn out after it is transplanted into open ground. Therefore, you need to periodically take out seedlings in the sun. First - for an hour, then - for a longer time, then - for the whole day. At night, you need to bring the seedlings to a warm place.

Pepper is a fairly hardy plant. In hot countries, it is grown as a perennial crop. It regenerates well, tolerates pruning well, is in a constant alternation of flowering, fruiting and ripening stages. In regions with frosty winters, this is not possible, so pepper is grown as an annual plant. However, in the presence of a greenhouse, a long-term method of cultivating a crop can be used.

Peppers are planted in open ground in early June, in a greenhouse - in early May. It is better to plant peppers in the ground where crops such as radish, turnip, radish, cabbage grew before. It is not recommended to plant them in the soil where the tomato grew. Before planting, the land must be fertilized. most the best soil for the cultivation of sweet pepper are sandy-clay soils that contain a lot of humus.

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Features of the cultivation of sweet pepper

The following varieties are distinguished bell pepper: corvette, mirage, player, dawn, atlantic, cardinal, orange miracle, red elephant, yolo-miracle, Californian miracle, triton, gift from Moldova, sweet banana, ox's ear.

How to grow sweet peppers? When choosing a site for your garden, you need to consider that the pepper should be constantly in the sun. In addition, it does not tolerate strong winds. The best place for pepper is south of the building, where it will be protected from the wind and receive additional lighting reflected by the wall of the house. You can create wind protection for plants from a film or wattle.

Sweet pepper does not tolerate cold soil. The soil temperature must be at least 20 degrees. If you want to get a good harvest, then you need to raise the beds by 40 cm or create subsoil heating. The soil should not be too dense, especially if it contains a lot of clay.

Pepper loves heat, sun and medium humidity. In a greenhouse, it can be grown along with tomatoes, only a bed with peppers needs to be watered more often. It is not necessary to overheat the bushes during flowering, as this can cause the flowers to wilt. The most favorable temperature for flowering is 25 degrees. When fruits appear, the plants need to be fertilized. Top dressing should contain a lot of calcium and nitrogen.

Peppers should be planted in beds at a distance of 40 cm from each other. For each plant, you need to install a support that is tied to the stem at the level of the main fork. If there is little space on the site, a thickened planting method can be used. The fruits will be smaller, but their number will be large.

Peppers need to be cut several times during the growing season. At the same time, the longest shoots are cut. Remove branches inside the bush and branches of branches located below the main fork. Pruning is done after picking peppers, once a week. If mature fruits are harvested on time, then this favors the growth of the ovary and new fruits.

When grown in open ground pepper is a rather whimsical culture. But this is compensated by its wonderful taste, bright colors that give any dish a festive look, and an abundance of vitamins.

Sweet pepper is a welcome guest on any table, as it contains many vitamins and minerals. Especially it is distinguished by a large amount of vitamin C, which puts it among the most useful vegetables for any person.

It comes from the hot and humid regions of Central America, where the humidity is kept at 70-75 percent, and the temperature is not lower than 21 degrees.

We select varieties

Now many different varieties of this plant have been bred, which are divided according to the place of cultivation (open ground, greenhouses, room or balcony) and the time of ripening (early, mid-ripening, late).

When choosing seeds for cultivation, it is worth considering, first of all, local climatic conditions, as well as the adaptability of varieties to them. An important factor when choosing one or another variety of sweet pepper is disease resistance, yield and options for use.

For outdoor use, the Orange Miracle F1, Latino F1, Semko F1, Montero F1 or Early Miracle are worth mentioning. And among the mid-season, Victoria, Bolgarsky 79 and Novogoshary are especially in demand.

Getting ready to sow

The growing period of sweet pepper is quite long and in order to get an early and large harvest, it is necessary to adhere to the sowing dates.

Usually sowing is carried out in February ( better first two weeks), since more than 100 days pass from the appearance of the first seedlings to flowering. Also, do not forget that pepper seeds germinate in 10-14 days with the right growing technique.

Adult seedlings should preferably be between 70 and 80 days old, since it is from such plants that you can get best harvest. Prepared seeds for sowing (collected or purchased in a store) must be processed.

Good to know: if the seeds from the store are covered with a composition of fertilizers and growth regulators, then they are not processed, but sown immediately.

First of all, the seeds are soaked in a one percent solution of manganese for 20-30 minutes. This helps to get rid of various. After the seeds are rinsed in water and a solution of growth regulators and fertilizers is lowered.

It is possible to offer such a variant of the solution. In one liter of water, liquid sodium humate is diluted (dosage according to the instructions), Ideal fertilizer (1 tsp), nitrophoska or wood ash (1 tsp).

The temperature of the solution should be from 24 to 27 degrees. Seeds in gauze bags are kept in such a solution for about 24 hours, and then allowed to hatch for 1-2 days. Sowing such seeds reduces the time of emergence of seedlings by almost half.

Sowing

For pick up containers of small volume (5 cm in diameter) or plastic cups, which are filled with Terra Vita or Microparnik universal soil.

But the earthen mixture can be prepared on its own from soddy soil, humus and peat. The seeding depth is 1 cm. The first seedlings appear on the 6-10th day if the temperature is maintained at 23-25 degrees Celsius.

Do not water the seedlings heavily, due to the high humidity of the soil, a black leg disease may occur, due to which they can die most of plants.

As a preventive measure, you can spray the surface of the soil and seedlings with phytosporin. One at a time, young peppers are seated when 3-4 leaves are formed on them.

On the garden plot seedlings are planted when the earth at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 15 degrees.

The beds prepared for this crop should be 70 to 80 cm wide and located in a well-lit area. For getting good harvest Peppers need stable, fairly moderate watering.

But be sure to make sure that there is no drying and excessive moisture. it is desirable to carry out in the morning and not cold water.

Take note: with a lack of moisture, the fruits decrease in size, the yield decreases, and the stems become woody.

If the temperature is high in summer, then it is advisable to mulch the ground around the plants with peat, 3 to 5 cm high. This will protect the roots from overheating, reduce the drying of the soil and prevent the appearance of weeds.

Sweet peppers are usually fed once every two or three weeks with mineral fertilizers with a full range of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and trace elements. During mass flowering and fruit formation, it is very good to carry out top dressing on the leaves (foliar).

For this, an infusion of ash (1 cup per 10 liters of water) or microfertilizers (instruction) is suitable. The ground around the peppers is loosened regularly, but not deep, since the roots of the pepper are located at a depth of 10 cm.

Low varieties do not require special formation. They only remove shoots without flowers and fruits, side shoots below the branching of the main shoot.

Varieties and hybrids of medium and high growth must be attached to supports or with twine to a trellis. Such varieties are formed in two trunks.

You will learn all the secrets in growing peppers from the following video:

A large amount of minerals and vitamins is found in a culture such as sweet peppers. The product is in demand on our table due to its taste, as well as a wide range of applications. Consider the stages of growing and caring for such a crop in a summer cottage.

If you plant sweet peppers on your site correctly, then you can get a quick harvest, but also sweet and healthy vegetable for the body. It can be grown not only in the open field in the country, but also in the greenhouse.

It should be noted that the culture is very fond of thorough care. In order to get a good harvest of peppers, it is recommended to first grow seedlings, which are then transplanted into open ground - a greenhouse or a vegetable garden - does not really matter.

It is possible to grow seedlings of pepper only through successive operations. Often inexperienced summer residents make a minimum of effort for. As a result, the color, shape, ripening time are largely different from best options. The climate also plays an important role in the ripening of the pepper crop. Any shape of pepper can form on the beds: prismatic, round, conical, cubic and even flat. Approximately 200 grams eventually weighs one pepper. Sometimes this figure can be increased, and the length of the fetus reaches thirty centimeters. Depending on the variety, green, yellow or red peppers can be grown. There are also purple and orange peppers.

In total, at the moment there are more than seven hundred varieties of pepper. Therefore, the timing of maturation may be different. There are early, medium and late-ripening peppers. Taste, resistance to diseases - in one or another variety, these indicators differ from each other.

Begin to grow pepper with planting seeds. planting material transferred to open ground. It should be noted that pepper is not always grown in open ground, as the plant is quite picky. On the site or in the greenhouse, in any case, the crops must be covered with film or glass. In February, sweet pepper seeds are planted for seedlings.

In early spring, strong seedlings should be obtained. First, the seeds need to be processed, then the strongest seeds must be selected. After that, they are dried and planted in the ground. The seed selection process is as follows. It is necessary to prepare a weak solution of salt. Pepper seeds are poured into it, which were collected from the last harvest. After a while, low-quality material pops up. It needs to be postponed. The rest of the seeds are disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate. The processed material is laid out on a dry surface and allowed to dry.

If you buy seeds for planting in a store, then disinfection is not required. Seeds that were processed by hand must be washed again in water, dried, and then planted in the ground.

We grow sweet peppers at home

Planting sweet pepper seeds

Planting seeds in the soil is carried out at a depth of 12 millimeters. The temperature in the room in which the seedlings will stand should be at least 25 degrees. From the moment of sowing the seeds on the fourth day, green sprouts will appear. At this time, you need to reduce the temperature to 18 degrees.

This is done so that the seedlings do not stretch up. A week later, the temperature can be raised again to 20 degrees. At the time of the appearance of three leaves, pepper is baited. You can use organic matter, as well as products bought from a store specifically for pepper growth. As soon as five leaves appear, experts recommend installing a blue lamp over the pepper, which should work for 12 hours. In this case, the growth of pepper will be more intense. During the development of seedlings, it is fed twice, adding new soil.

Particular attention should be paid to seedlings when four leaves appear on it. In order for the seedlings not to die during the transfer to open ground, it is necessary to harden the pepper for two weeks in a row. So, in the first half of the day you can take out the pepper to the balcony, and at night - again in a warm room. Potash fertilizers are applied to the plot a week before planting pepper. Growth stimulants are introduced into the soil ten days before planting pepper.

As soon as more than ten leaves appear on the pepper, it can be taken out to the greenhouse. At this age, the plant becomes much stronger, the height reaches 25 centimeters. It turns out that after two months the seeds grow to such an extent that they are fully suitable for planting in a greenhouse.

If the greenhouse is film, then sweet pepper is planted in May. The temperature of the soil should be at least fifteen degrees. In order for the plant not to hurt and give a rich harvest, the site must be carefully prepared. Depending on what will be the bait for the soil, the quality and quantity of the crop is determined. Do not use fresh manure. You can use only rotted manure, humus. Potash and phosphate fertilizers are perfect.

Mistakes gardeners make when growing peppers

In any case, you need to take consistent actions when caring for pepper. From the moment the seedlings are transplanted into open ground, close monitoring of it begins. Only in such conditions can a stable harvest be ensured.

Sweet pepper is considered one of the most beloved vegetable crops around the world. This vegetable is included in many recipes. healthy eating due to the abundance of vitamins and various nutrients, bright colors and excellent taste. special attention deserve dishes that are based on sweet peppers and other products that have a low calorie content. The most useful are peppers grown by hand.

You can consider in detail how to grow pepper according to all the rules. There are 2 ways to cultivate this crop:

greenhouse;
in beds, on open ground.

Sweet peppers are rather whimsical vegetables in care. Almost always, pepper is grown through seedlings, which are planted in a permanent place after about 60-70 days.

Growing healthy and strong seedlings consists of the following mandatory steps:

variety selection;
initial seed treatment;
landing;
creation optimal conditions for seedlings;
top dressing;
appointment for a permanent position.

The process of growing pepper seedlings must begin with the choice of variety. The color, shape of the fruit, taste and other indicators can vary greatly depending on the variety of these vegetable crops. If you grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse, then the California Miracle, Swallow, Tenderness, etc. varieties are perfect. Experienced gardeners for open ground recommend purchasing sweet pepper seeds of early or medium ripeness - Gladiator, Ermak, " Victoria" and others.

At the end of February, the seeds are sorted, while removing empty and low-quality ones. To increase resistance to various diseases, they should be immersed in a solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour and washed in clean water. For germination, the seeds must be placed in a warm place, previously wrapped in a damp cloth.

Pepper is sown in prepared separate containers, 2 germinated seeds in each. This culture does not tolerate picking. Therefore, in the future, a weaker plant must be removed.

Shoots of sweet peppers usually appear on the 4th-5th day at an air temperature of 25-27°C. A temporary decrease in air temperature by 8-10 ° C will help to stop the strong stretching of the sprouts. The ambient temperature is then necessarily raised again to the indicated values. Growing and caring for seedlings is to provide enough light, soil moisture and top dressing. During the cultivation of seedlings, it will be correct to make 2 top dressings with special complex fertilizers.

A week before planting young plants in a permanent place, it is required to harden them, periodically exposing them to fresh air for this.

Sweet pepper care (video)

Features of caring for sweet pepper after transplantation

You should figure out how to grow sweet pepper in the future, after transplanting it to a permanent place: in a greenhouse or in open ground. Sweet pepper, which is planned to be grown in a greenhouse, is planted in a permanent place in early May, and in open ground - a month later.

water regularly and only with warm water;
cover with paper or other covering at night;
provide sufficient sunlight and fresh air.

Further proper cultivation and caring for sweet peppers are as follows:

creation of optimal conditions for growth;
protection from diseases and pests;
timely harvest.

The optimal conditions for sweet peppers are to maintain the proper temperature and humidity conditions, certain requirements for soil composition and top dressing.

Peppers are thermophilic. vegetable crops. Favorable air temperature for their development is +20-25°C. When growing sweet pepper in open ground, it is supposed to cover it with special materials at an air temperature of less than +15°C. One of the advantages of greenhouse cultivation of this crop is the ability to install any temperature regime at your discretion.

Watering the vegetable should be moderate, but regular. The soil must not be allowed to dry out. During the formation of fruits, the amount of water for irrigation should be increased. For sweet pepper in a greenhouse, for favorable development, it is important to ensure optimal air humidity - at least 70%.

The soil throughout the entire period of growing sweet pepper in a greenhouse or in open ground should be loose, saturated with nutrients. This requires periodically applying special fertilizers to the soil and timely weeding the plants and loosening the soil. It is especially necessary to monitor the pepper in the greenhouse for the appearance of pests on its leaves, spider mite and aphids, and carry out preventive treatment with karbofos.Ripe fruits must be removed in a timely manner, thereby increasing the fruiting period of the plant.

Sweet pepper, varieties (video)

How to grow good seedlings of sweet pepper?

Preparations for planting should begin in February. good seedling starts with strong seeds. You can prepare the seeds for planting by placing them in warm water to swell. After 5 hours, wrap in a damp cloth and leave for 2-3 days until the sprouts hatch. better immediately in separate cups or pots with prepared, well-spilled soil. Tighten the container with future seedlings with a film.

The soil in the peas should not dry out, but excessive watering can also harm the plant. So that the pepper does not get sick, you need warm water. It is recommended to spray the bushes and ventilate the room, but the peppers should be covered from drafts. A week before moving to the garden, seedlings begin to harden. Short "walks" in the fresh air will prepare her for new, unusual conditions.

Picking pepper seedlings

How to properly plant seedlings?

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The plant is ready for planting at the age of 60 days if it has 16-17 true leaves. For residents of the middle lane, having a greenhouse or greenhouse is the only way to reap a good harvest. If the temperature of the earth has reached 18 degrees - you can proceed to.

In warmer regions, sweet peppers can be planted immediately in open ground. In the fall, the garden bed should be well flavored with mineral fertilizers, and in the spring - with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. A week before planting, disinfect the soil with a solution of copper sulfate.

When planting bell pepper, you need to make sure that the roots are not exposed, and the basal neck is not dug in. It is better to plant together with the "native" clod of earth - so the plant will better endure the change of "living space". Should not be planted different varieties together, especially sweet and pungent, due to the pollination of the plant.

Tip: to improve the yield of pepper, it is necessary -.

How to care for bell pepper?

Timely watering, weeding, feeding and tying - this is the key to a good harvest of sweet pepper when grown in open ground. To reduce the number of weeds and reduce the frequency of watering, you need to mulch the soil well with rotted straw or mowed grass. This will help retain moisture and warmth.

Fertilizing the soil even at the seedling stage will help to harvest a good harvest:

When the plant already has 2 leaves, it is watered with a mixture of phosphorus and, as well as ammonium nitrate.
After 2 weeks - a double dose of mineral fertilizers.
Before moving the seedlings to the garden - potash fertilizers.

Already in the garden, 3-4 top dressings are made per season with chicken manure (1:10) or nettle infusion (1:10), which matures within 2 days.

The lack or excess of any fertilizer can be immediately noticed by the behavior of the plant:

if the leaves curl and dry out, there is not enough potassium;
if they become dull and have acquired a grayish tint, there is a lack of nitrogen;
if the reverse side of the leaves has become rich purple, and they themselves are pressed against the stem - this is the first sign of a lack of phosphorus;
marble-colored steel leaves - you need to add magnesium;
if the plant does not bloom or sheds its ovaries, then the soil is oversaturated with nitrogen.

A tip from experienced vegetable growers is to remove the top center flowers from peppers to increase yields. Circumcision is carried out during the active growth of the plant - 8-10 shoots are left. During the period of active flowering, the plant must be tied up so that it does not break under the weight of the fruit.

How to protect sweet pepper from diseases and pests?

The most common diseases that can negatively affect future crops are white rot, macrosporiosis, late blight, black leg and others. In addition, all kinds of pests can destroy the plant. Wood ash will help protect against most of them. If aphids appear, a special serum will cope with it. And only one remedy will save you from the bear - before landing in the ground, you need to fill the prepared holes with water for 1 hour.

Sweet pepper is loved by gardeners all over the world. The variety of shapes and colors of this vegetable will decorate any holiday table. And thanks to its unique ability to preserve vitamins even after heat treatment, they can even benefit from canned peppers.

What sweet peppers love when growing. Planting sweet pepper seedlings when sowing proper seed treatment and seedling care. Sweet pepper: cultivation and care in a greenhouse