How to organize a summer cottage. Planning a summer cottage: analysis of the rules for designing plots of various shapes. Determine landing time

The property was purchased a year ago. We're trying to make sense of everything. Tell me where and what is better to plant!

Tkachenko family, Yaroslavl

Responsible Valery Filatov, landscape designer:

In order to design a garden smartly, you need to start not with a planting plan, but with an analysis of the given conditions, as in solving a mathematical problem. Try to follow the following procedure.

Determine how your site is located in relation to the cardinal points- this is necessary in order to correctly assess its illumination. Where is the allotment located: in an open field or under a forest canopy? See where the shadow will fall from the house, trees growing nearby, neighboring buildings (if any). Most fruit trees, berry bushes and vegetable plants need plenty of sun to grow and develop well.

Try to roll a sausage out of the damp earth. If it cracks, then there is excess sand in the soil. Can a sausage be rolled into a bagel without bursting? The soil is clayey. In the first case, clay additives will have to be introduced into the ground, in the second - sand. Drained peatlands suffer hyperacidity. Check it with a special kit (sold in stores) and, if confirmed, add lime for autumn digging.

Find out how deep groundwater is in your area whether there is a perch (seasonal accumulation of groundwater at a shallow depth). If they are located 2 m from the surface or less, most likely, you will have to abandon the orchard or carry out serious and costly work to drain the site.

Learn about local winds, try to evaluate how your site will be blown, especially in the cold season. Assess the terrain. After all, cold air accumulates in the lowlands, and the top of the hill is open to all winds, which is contraindicated for some heat-loving crops, such as cherries or apricots.

Soberly assess your own needs and opportunities- after all, the garden will require care, for which you may not have enough time and energy. Think about what berries, fruits and vegetables your family loves the most, what kind of crop you are able to process, where you plan to store it, etc. After that, make a list of crops and count the number of seedlings. Try to avoid landings made on the principle of "saw - liked - bought." As for the placement of different cultures on the site, one should try to better meet their needs. For example, fruit trees should be planted in well-lit and wind-sheltered places.

Preliminary plan

So far, on 6 acres we have only a house and a utility block. And I want flowers, a garden, a pond. Is it possible?

Elena Kuzmicheva, Togliatti

Responsible Alexander Sapelin, landscape designer:

Maybe. To do this, break the site into zones using the principle of functional planning.

Start with a list, which includes everything that you would like to have in the country: a garden, fruit trees, a recreation area with a gazebo, a rose garden, a pond, etc., etc. No general rules not here - after all, what suits one family is completely unacceptable for another ... Nobody but you knows how your household prefers to spend time and what they need for this. For example, members of your family like to take a steam bath, and then you can’t do without a bath, but they don’t eat meat, which means you don’t need a barbecue.

After that, schematically apply all positions on the site plan. Do not go into details: at this stage, it is only important what function this or that part of the garden will perform. Of course, a garden and an orchard should be placed depending on the terrain and the degree of illumination, but all other fragments can be placed only for your convenience. Let's say someone prefers to push the economic zone away, but someone is more comfortable when it is near the house. The main thing is that your plans do not contradict the standards of the garden partnership (if any). Otherwise, you are absolutely free.

But you can gradually implement the resulting scheme: first, for example, plant fruit trees, next year lay a flower garden or build a gazebo, etc.

How to make a plan for a suburban area?

First you need to determine the places for planting fruit trees, berry bushes and the construction of greenhouses. For greenhouses, and it is desirable to have two of them 12-15 m 2 in size, you should choose the most illuminated place on the east or south side of the future home. The shadow from the house should not cover the greenhouses either in the morning or in the evening, but it is especially important to have good lighting in the morning.

Bring into the greenhouses a large number of manure, so it is advisable to place them closer to the entrance to the site. There is also a compost pile here.

What additional considerations should be taken into account when planning a site?

For the rational use of small areas, you should first allocate plots for fruit trees and shrubs, perennial vegetable crops, paths, places of rest (with small architectural forms), a flower garden, a water tank, playgrounds.

Are there specific types of site planning?

More often used regular and landscape types. With a regular type of planning, straight lines predominate. The tracks are arranged perpendicular and parallel to each other. Fruit trees are planted in one line. Almost the entire area of ​​the site is occupied by beds, garden and outbuildings. Only small areas are left on the site to put benches for rest. Such a layout is done, as a rule, by people who are practical and have little time to work on the site. Part of the site, occupied by concrete paths and passages between ridges, covered with sand or sawdust, does not require time for maintenance.

landscape type provides for winding paths, a scattered, as if random, arrangement of trees, groups of bushes, reminiscent of a natural one in a forest or park. The landscape type involves gardening in small volumes - the so-called kitchen gardens with a set of green and herbs. Irregularities of the site (with regular planning - a negative phenomenon) for the landscape type of the site are of the greatest interest. In a lower place a reservoir is arranged, on a hill - an alpine hill. Interesting solutions in areas with slopes, especially southern ones, the construction of terraces, ladders, retaining walls.

Is it possible to combine different types of site organization?

In the nineties, they began to allocate landfills and fields of agricultural enterprises for summer cottages. The plots were from 800 to 1200 m 2 . The plots are leveled, with a fertile layer with a thickness of 5-6 to 10 cm, heavy loam and clayey soil composition. In such areas, the main task in the nineties was the cultivation of products, primarily vegetables, potatoes, and berries.

The large size of the plot allows you to allocate zones for fruit trees, shrubs, a large garden, a zone with flowers, ornamental plants, you can plant pines, cedars, chestnuts. Horticulture, located near cities, due to the high cost of housing, began to turn into residential villages.

On the site there is a bathhouse, a garage, utility rooms, greenhouses with electric heating. Some houses are built on the east or south side of the greenhouse. They began to dig quite large ponds - up to 30-40 m 2.

Site layout options

In this article we will talk about how to organize a summer cottage based on its parameters and in accordance with your needs and capabilities. After all, a competent approach to planning the territory land plot guarantees a range of benefits.

We note the following of them:

• the possibility of rational use of space;
• security comfortable living in a country house;
• security optimal conditions for growing horticultural plantings;
• providing an attractive view of the suburban area.

Factors affecting the planning of a summer cottage

How and where to start developing a summer cottage is a question that, sooner or later, interests every person who has become the owner of a land plot.

Let's try to determine what factors affect the process of planning a suburban land plot.

• The terrain is one of the most important points . The terrain of the site may be flat or hilly.

The planning of a territory with a flat terrain is not particularly difficult, while a hilly terrain requires taking into account the stability of the soil, the presence ground water and, consequently, the threat of landslides.

• The shape of the site is an equally important factor that cannot be ignored when planning..

The optimal configuration is the traditional rectangle. But, along with this form, there are complex outlines that will make you take a different approach to the issue of the location of the house of outbuildings and the garden area.

• Soil type is a factor to consider when building country house, and when planning the perimeter of the garden. Soils can be light, sandy and yet fertile. On the other hand, the ground may be heavy medium loamy or clayey.

Of particular interest is the planning of a site within which several soil types occur. In this case, it will be necessary to conduct an independent geodetic study in order to find out where it is better to place the house with your own hands, and where it is advisable to do farming.

Important: If the soil is “poor”, do not despair, since fertile land can always be ordered and purchased in the required quantity.

• The presence of natural water bodies and the level of groundwater are factors that can make certain adjustments to the way land allotment is planned.

A pond located nearby is a significant advantage, since watering the garden requires considerable volumes. pure water, the price of which can be high. On the other hand, the presence of groundwater near the surface layers of the soil is a negative factor that can adversely affect the resource of the erected.

• Location engineering communications and, as a result, the possibility of connecting the dacha to electricity distribution networks, natural gas, water, etc.

Important: The purchase or rental of a diesel generator for a summer residence, the use of pumping equipment and the supply of firewood or coal for a stove will to some extent make you independent of the location of certain utilities.

Features of planning a site for 6 acres

In the photo - a typical arrangement of a summer residence on 6 acres

Where to start a suburban area of ​​​​6 acres? Of course, with the designation of the garden area. The fact is that 6 acres is not so much to think about building a full-fledged summer cottage. Therefore, if such a plot of land is at your disposal, it is advisable to allocate the best and most of it for planting fruit trees or a vegetable garden.

Of course, during the entire summer season, temporary housing and a place to store agricultural equipment will be needed. In conditions of limited space, it will be possible to apply country houses from block containers or wooden cabins.

Such designs are compact, relatively comfortable, and in between land work they can be used to store tools or harvested crops. We plan the location of the residential building in such a way that, regardless of the time of day, it does not cast a shadow on the garden.

Important: In order to protect plantings from cold winds, it is advisable to place all buildings along the northern border of the site.

If the land will be used for fruit trees, or we place the house on the side of the site, and we plant the trees in rows at a distance of 2.5-3 meters from each other. With this location on the site, optimal lighting will be provided, which is an essential condition for harvesting a bountiful harvest.

Features of planning a plot of 15 acres

Unlike the previous option, 15 acres is a considerable territory, both for construction small house, and for breeding a full-fledged garden.

Having a territory of 15 acres, you can show your imagination and, in addition to the house and the garden, plan the optimal location of a small recreation area, a flower garden, and even leave some square meters under the location of the inflatable pool.

In addition, it is possible to plan a summer cottage plot of 15 acres in such a way that, in addition to a residential building and a garden, equip an arbor covered with ivy and various elements landscape design.

Having such a space in a summer cottage, you can apply certain planning styles or combinations of these styles in its design. The simplest and at the same time more effective is to apply a geometric layout, where the entire land allotment is visually divided into geometric shapes, mainly into rectangles.

In another case, a mixed layout can be used, in which strict geometric shapes in the design of the territory are optional or can be combined with a free arrangement of plantings.

Such a scheme of a summer cottage, along with mandatory elements (residential and outbuildings, a garden), allows the use of landscape design elements, such as an artificial pond, lawn, etc.

Now let's decide what are the norms of SNiP at their summer cottage and how planning is carried out in accordance with these requirements.

Drawing up a plan in accordance with the norms of SNiP 30-02-97

In accordance with general provisions SNiP 30-02-97, horticultural and summer cottages are equipped within the framework of associations of several farms.

The planning instruction for each individual plot, as well as for all plots included in the horticultural association, is agreed with the administration local government. In cooperation with this body, the general plan of the summer cottage, which is a legal document, is drawn up and subsequently approved.

It will be possible to apply this document when registering erected buildings or when selling a summer house. Again, in accordance with these standards, all deviations from the original draft are subject to agreement with the administration.

Conclusion

So, we looked at how the development of a summer cottage is carried out from scratch. Moreover, we got acquainted with the norms that will have to be taken into account both when planning and when arranging suburban area.

As a result, you will be able to independently plan the location of certain elements in your suburban area, taking into account the greatest functionality of their application. Any questions left?

If so, watch the video in this article.

Excellent article 0

Arranging and planning your summer cottage is not as difficult as it seems. In this article, we will analyze popular layouts, as well as consider ways to decorate a summer cottage in simple and original ways.

Gardening is great, but becoming just a "farm slave" all weekend is probably not the best. the best option. And this means that a country cottage, first of all, should become a place of rest, that is, it should have all the conditions necessary for this.

In a word, this publication is for those who put the meaning of turning a suburban area into a cozy corner of rest and relaxation in the request "cottage with their own hands". If you manage to correctly compose and practically implement your own project, then this will become the pride of the whole family, since, most likely, each of its members will be able to come up with the design of their own corner. Thus, the dacha will be not only and not so much a place where you can grow an environmentally friendly crop, but the “magnet” that will attract all the thoughts and aspirations of the owners, impatiently waiting for the next weekend.

Video: interesting ideas for decorating a summer cottage

Zoning and designing a summer cottage is a rather exciting activity that is accessible to anyone with imagination. It is more difficult to bring all ideas to life. However, if the necessary construction works, and then decorating the entire territory, the result will not only please the master, but also surprise guests and neighbors for many years. Especially if you periodically replace some boring elements with new, even more original ones.

You have become the proud owner of a piece of land. Congratulations! But do not rush to plant it with your favorite fruit crops, berries, build a fence. The development of the site must be carried out according to folk saying- rush slowly.

After the purchase, before the development of the site, you need to perform a large amount of work on documenting the property. After all, the contract of sale is only First stage taking ownership.

Start of property development

It all starts with the registration of ownership. The purchased land must be "staken out", that is, documented. This is necessary so that a small 5 cm in one direction or another does not become a big headache in the future for you or your heirs. Therefore, do not rush to dig, plant, build on the site.

• First, with documents certifying the purchase of the site, you must contact the cadastral chamber for registration. Get a cadastral number for the purchased property.
• Don't save! Conduct a survey of the site, even if it was purchased from a previous owner with good neighbors, not claiming 10-20 cm of illegally occupied area. Conducting a survey procedure is necessary. The procedure will legally fix the boundaries and the area of ​​a summer cottage or land plot on the ground.
• Having received these 2 documents, you will independently build the site, that is, limit it contourally on the ground. To do this, you need to properly fence the area. site. From the inside of the site, hammer in the poles (without going beyond the boundary line) and temporarily stretch the wire or mesh netting.
• Inspect the fenced area, calculate the material possibilities of its development and arrangement. Consult with the family on how to conduct work: in parallel with the construction of housing and other household buildings with gardening and gardening, do everything on your own and only in extreme cases resort to outside help or turn to the help of builders, landscape designers, and agricultural workers.

Preliminary site planning

In parallel with the documentation, you begin planning the site. Do not hurry! First read the requirements for observing the boundaries of buildings and landings in relation to neighboring areas. In the construction zone, residential landings are located at a distance of 4-5 meters from neighbors or so that the maximum time the shadow from the house and other buildings remains on its own site. Trees along the perimeter of the site should be planted at a distance of 3 m, and berries 2 m from the neighboring land plot. Strawberries and garden plants 30-50 cm from the separating fence. When erecting a green hedge, it is necessary to select species that do not form numerous shoots on underground shoots so as not to clog the neighbor's site.

Mandatory zones

If you are new to landscape design, invite a specialist and listen to his advice. At independent planning highlight the mandatory zones on the general plan, taking into account the recommendations for observing the boundaries:

• economic,
• recreation area,
• garden berry,
• garden.

On the same plan, it is necessary to designate the routes of the general passage, water and sewer communications. The central, main entrance should be wide enough (to the garage, house), but not go far deep into the site, since you cannot use this land for other purposes.

On separate sheets of the plan-scheme (on a certain scale), plan the location of the zones, taking into account the occupied area. In the economic zone, mark the location of buildings (house or garden house garage, additional outbuildings (temporary change house), workshop, sanitary area, including a toilet, a bathhouse, and others). The development of the site begins with the economic zone. The sanitary corner is located no closer than 15-20 m from the housing so (in the absence of permanent sewer communications) that toilet and bath waste does not get to the neighbors (especially to garden plots).

Development of the economic zone

The primary tasks are the installation of a water supply system or an artesian and a sewerage system with the installation of a toilet. Equip living conditions. You set up a tent or trailer, a temporary warehouse for building materials, tools, and other auxiliary installations. Then, having a construction plan, you begin to import building materials, dig a foundation, etc.

Install a temporary warehouse for building materials, tools, and other auxiliary installations. © Sustainable selfbuild

Development of the garden zone

On the next sheet of the plan, highlight the garden area. The garden, berry garden and vegetable garden can be located in a joint zone, broken in front of the buildings, on the side or behind, but the location of the plants should always go from north to south for better illumination. If all 3 types of crops are located one after the other, then a garden is placed in the first section, whose low plants will not shade the crops of the second plot (berry bushes), and they, in turn, will not create problems with lighting fruit crops. If the garden, berry garden and vegetable garden are planned to be located in separate parts of the site, then their placement in kind must comply with the following conditions:

• the plot for the garden and the berry garden should be located in an open sunny place with a high standing of groundwater. It is impossible to lay a garden in a lowland Cold air currents and excess water during spring floods will adversely affect crops,
• the garden plot should include a crop rotation with 5-11 crops, so that they get to their former place of cultivation no earlier than 3-5 years. The site should receive a sufficient amount of sunlight, be protected from drafts.

For the successful development of the garden and berry zone, it is necessary to carefully consider which crops will be placed on the selected site, and place them on the diagram with the designation of species and distance from each other. When placing crops on the chart, keep in mind that the distance between fruit crops should be at least 3-4 m (3 m for dwarf or columnar varieties), between shrubs 1.5-2.0 m. In the garden diary, write down the names of fruit and berry crops and brief description, and in the plan-scheme, indicate under the numbers their location on the site area.

Young orchard. © RedSun

The layout of the garden and the rules for laying a garden are discussed in detail in the articles, and others posted on the pages of the Botanichka website.

Soil preparation in the garden area

You have already decided on irrigation water and sewerage, the main communication wiring has been completed, the plan has been drawn up, you can proceed to the general layout of the garden plot in kind. Upper layer immediately take out the soil from the construction sites to the "soil islands", that is, to the places of future plantings marked on the plan.

Carry out a horizontal layout, level the brought soil. If the area is virgin, plow or dig it up and give soil samples to the nearest laboratory for physical and chemical analysis. Having the result of the analysis, you can begin to improve the site.

• If the soil is acidic, then deoxidize.
• It is possible to reduce contamination different ways: with and without chemical herbicides. During the first year, by provocative watering, cultivation, cause increased reproduction of weeds and, by burying them, reduce the overall infestation (mainly by annual weeds).
• If the soil is depleted, increase the general background of fertility by applying manure, bird droppings, humus, humus, mineral fertilizers, sowing green manure in several periods. These works are necessary. Don't rush into planting vegetables. Sowing and planting should be carried out in prepared soil, otherwise (especially with rare visits) you will collect a huge crop of inseminated weeds.

If necessary, improve the condition of the soil in the garden. © Langley middle school garden

Making a site fence

Construction and horticultural work is underway in the designated areas. Completed water disposal, water and sewer communications. After the large building material (ceilings, etc.) has been delivered and placed, the construction of the fence can begin. The front part of the fence from the side of the entrance to the yard is better to build last.

Along the perimeter of the site, you can build a capital fence made of stone and other building materials and close it with an ornamental shrub. Can be planted around the perimeter hedge from decorative-deciduous and decorative-flowering tall shrubs (barberry, deutsia, sea buckthorn and other crops). Prickly intertwining shoots will not only serve decorative ornament site, but also protect against the penetration of uninvited guests. The entrance zone to the site is one of the last to be drawn up. It consists of a gate and a concrete platform, decorated on the sides with small architectural forms, lamps, decorative borders, arches.

Arrangement of a recreation area

The arrangement of the recreation area is started last. Its dimensions, decor, list of facilities depend on the purpose of the land:

• family resting place, where the maximum amount of space is allocated for green landscape with decorative plantings, flower beds, alpine slides, mixborders, sports and other facilities: sandboxes, dollhouse, swings, gazebos, gymnastic walls, a swimming pool, a pond with fish and aquatic plants,
• place permanent residence families with the arrangement of all household amenities, greenhouses, winter garden or greenhouses, receiving guests,
• an ordinary cottage with a domestic area in the form country house, garage and some other buildings. The main area in such a dacha is set aside for a vegetable garden area intended for growing environmentally friendly and anti-allergenic products used fresh and winter preparations. In this case, the recreation area is limited to a place for preparing exotic dishes (kebabs, barbecue) on outdoors, gazebo, flower garden.

After arranging all the planned zones, regardless of the purpose of the land plot, it is necessary to equip working paths, on the sides of which to place narrow ribbons of flower beds or shrubs that do not lose their decorative effect after shearing. Decorate the site as a whole with ornamental plants located in different parts of the land.

When purchasing a previously developed site, the same zones are laid on the plan-schemes and a thorough inventory of building and living plantings is carried out in kind. A list of works, including the reconstruction of the backyard territory, is attached to each zone. At the same time, old, diseased fruit trees are to be cut down.

In order for the stumps to collapse faster, several holes are drilled in the stump, filled with ammonium nitrate and covered with a water-permeable material. Ammonia fertilizer corrodes the wood in a short time and the remains of the stump are already easy to release from the ground. If the stump remains in the recreation area or on the lawn by the pond, you can cut down the middle (form a bowl), fill it with soil and plant flowering plants. Inconveniently located berry bushes, instead of cutting down, are transplanted to a new place. When developing the site, the landing ornamental shrubs, trees, group plantings giving a unique individuality to the landowner are planted last.