Vitamin a oil solution. Vitamin a liquid instructions for use inside. Vitamin a instructions for use. The benefits of retinol in dermatology

Oil solutions of vitamins A and E are used to treat and prevent many diseases. When taken orally, the drugs are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed through the bloodstream, providing a prolonged effect. When taken together beneficial effect intensifies on the body.

Action of vitamin a oil

Retinol is an analogue of a natural substance. The body's reserve is replenished with products - carrots, pumpkin, spinach. The oil solution is called Retinol Acetate.

Vitamin A isolates free radicals in the epithelium, improves the conduction of nerve impulses, stimulates the regeneration of the skin and mucous membranes. The substance is involved in metabolic processes and the production of lipids, proteins and polysaccharides, prevents the development of diabetes.

One of the main properties is the stimulation of the synthesis of rhodopsin (the visual pigment responsible for twilight vision).

Action of vitamin e oil

The substance is produced in the liver and enters the body along with products - vegetable oils, nuts, sea buckthorn. An oily solution is available under the name Alpha Tocopherol Acetate.

Reception increases the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels, reduces the likelihood of dystrophic processes in the heart muscle, increases hemoglobin synthesis and improves plasma quality.

An important role of the drug is to stabilize the functions of the reproductive system. In men, it improves the quality of seminal fluid, and in women it increases the possibility of pregnancy, accelerating the maturation of healthy eggs.

Indications for the simultaneous use of oil solutions of vitamins a and e

• night blindness and atrophy of the optic nerve;
• psoriasis and retinitis pigmentosa;
• violation of peripheral blood supply;
• endarteritis and obliterating endocarditis, systemic lupus erythematosus;
• atherosclerosis.

Joint effect of oil solutions of vitamins a and e

Simultaneous reception enhances the beneficial effects on the body. If treatment with retinol is not supported by the appointment of tocopherol, the substance in in full will not be absorbed, but partially oxidized in the blood plasma and small intestine. Vitamin A stimulates the antioxidant action of vitamin E.

Since retinol is synthesized by the body, an overdose may occur when taken from outside. Tocopherol helps prevent vitamin A accumulation by limiting liver stores.

How to use

Without a doctor's prescription, the vitamin complex is not used. Alpha-tocopherol is prescribed with caution to children under 12 years of age. The average daily allowance for adults is 100 mg. The recommended duration of treatment is up to 4 weeks.

When determining the dosage of Retinol, the patient's age and physiological status are taken into account.

Correction of the therapeutic regimen is allowed for beriberi, dermatological diseases and decreased vision.

For ease of use, vitamins for oral administration are best purchased in capsules. Alpha-tocopherol is taken up to 3 times a day after meals, Retinol - 1 time in the morning.

In the water that is intended for drinking the medicine, it is advisable to add 20-30 drops lemon juice. Vitamin C, which it contains, increases the rate of absorption of the drug complex into the bloodstream and enhances the antioxidant function.

Solutions of vitamins A and E in oil can be purchased in ampoules. In this case, the dosage and frequency of use is prescribed individually, based on clinical picture.

Women introduce Tocopherol and Retinol into face and hair masks. In this case, it is recommended to purchase ampoules or an oil solution.

Contraindications for oil solutions of vitamins a and e

Complex reception is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to each substance or the development of an allergic reaction when sharing. Absolute contraindications for treatment:

• renal and liver failure;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• dysfunction of the circulatory system;
• chronic glomerulonephritis.

Relative limitations in the appointment - atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, myocardial infarction and varicose veins. It is recommended to refuse complex treatment with Retinol and Alpha-tocopherol in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the second and third semester, as well as during lactation, vitamins should be prescribed by a doctor.

Side effects

In most cases, negative reactions of the body appeared with an overdose or a violation of the frequency of administration. Signs of intolerance: nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, frequent headaches, photophobia, exacerbation of pancreatitis and cholelithiasis. There was a violation of sweating, peeling of the skin, alopecia (hair loss). In rare cases, joint pain and an enlarged spleen have occurred.

Dizziness is one of the signs of drug intolerance.

When applied to the skin side effects was not noted.

Doctors' opinion

Oleg Vladimirovich, therapist, Tula: “Patients do not consider vitamins A and E to be medicines and drink without restrictions, and then complain of diarrhea. Joint use - only according to indications, in compliance with the dosage.

Olga Rifovna, gynecologist, Kazan: “I consider it effective to prescribe women with irregular ovulation when planning pregnancy.”

Ilyas Aminovich, dermatologist, Ufa: “I prescribe for alopecia and increased dryness of the skin. I recommend purchasing in capsules and bottles, adding to skin care products.

Vitamin A, also called retinol, is necessary for the full formation of skeletal and muscle tissues in a child. Therefore, pediatricians recommend buying retinol preparations for children whose body is actively growing and developing. A vitamin found in food cannot always cover the daily need of a child's body. Preparations for children based on vitamin A prevent the occurrence of infectious respiratory diseases, maintain visual acuity, normalize the condition of the skin, relieve acne and other inflammatory rashes, which is especially important for adolescents. Also, the substance is important for the full formation of the reproductive system in boys and girls, the normal entry into puberty.

Functions of a vitamin in a child's body

For a child's body, retinol is extremely important. The substance performs the following functions:

• provides normal growth in relation to age;
• strengthens teeth and bones;
• has an intense antioxidant effect;
• does not allow harmful agents to damage cells;
• strengthens the immune system;
• helps the body fight respiratory infections;
• increases the activity of immune agents;
• accelerates the healing of burns, scratches and other skin lesions;
• ensures the full development of the reproductive and urinary system;
• improves metabolism.

Daily norms of retinol for children of different ages

children different ages a certain amount of vitamin A is required per day. Daily rate makes up for:

• infant up to a year - 400 mcg;
• baby from one year to 3 years - 450 mcg;
• child from 3 to 6 years old - 500 mcg;
• a child from 6 to 10 years old - 700 mcg.

Vitamin A is needed by the body not only in childhood, it is important to consume it in sufficient quantities throughout life.

Reasons for deficiency

Hypovitaminosis A is noted in children:

• eating little fortified food (especially in the winter-spring season);
• malnourished, experiencing protein and lipid deficiency, which is why retinol is poorly absorbed;
• having pathologies of the digestive tract (hepatitis, intestinal disorders, peptic ulcer);
• not eating enough foods rich in zinc, a trace element that helps retinol to be absorbed in the intestines.

Deficiency symptoms

Hypovitaminosis A in children has a pronounced manifestation, so parents notice it quickly. Vitamin deficiency in a child is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• rapid deterioration of vision, development of night blindness;
• profuse lacrimation, redness of the mucous membranes of the eyelids, a feeling of sand in the eyes;
• insufficient for his age growth;
• improper formation of the skeletal system;
• paralysis of the facial nerve;
• increased sensitivity of the teeth;
• drying and peeling of the skin;
• frequent infectious respiratory diseases;
• inflammatory diseases of the genital and urinary organs;
• infectious pathologies of the digestive tract;
• deterioration in the condition of the hair;
• acne, the appearance of boils and other skin rashes;
• stomatitis;
• anemia, blanching of the skin;
• drowsiness, lethargy, poor appetite;
• bulge of the fontanel in infants.

The best drugs for children

Vitamin A for children in pharmacies is sold in the form of both retinol and beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is a plant pigment that in the human body, after oxidation, turns into vitamin A.

Children's drugs are produced in different forms:

• in drops;
• in capsules;
• in syrup;
• in chewable tablets;
• in the form of a gel for oral administration.

By means of any drug, you can both prevent and treat hypovitaminosis A. Vitamin in a drop form is used to treat a baby’s nose with infectious or atrophic rhinitis, for making applications on mucous membranes oral cavity with stomatitis.

Preparations in drops, gel and syrup are suitable for babies. And medicines in capsule and tablet form are shown to older children who already know how to swallow medicines correctly.

Below is a list of the best children's drugs.

1. Retinol acetate. The drug is in drop form, in which the active ingredient is in an oil solution. Sold in bottles up to 100 ml. Liquid is instilled into the nose using the included dropper. Oral administration is carried out 15 minutes after a meal. The dosage is indicated in the instructions. For the treatment of the nose, drops are not used for more than 10 days.
2. Aevit. A complex agent, including compounds A and E. Available in capsules. It is taken with meals or half an hour after. Daily dose - 1 capsule.
3. Retinol palmitate. Available in capsule form. Designed for children over 10 years old and for adults. Reception is carried out on 1 capsule a day during food.
4. Vetoron. General tonic based on compounds A, E, C and Echinacea. Produced in liquid form, sold in bottles with a dispenser. The child is given the drug once a day during a meal. Before use, the medicinal liquid is dissolved in water.
5. Supradin Kids. Children's vitamin-mineral complex, including compounds A, C, E, group B, choline, mineral elements, fatty acids. The drug is sold in several forms for children of different ages: the form of a gel, gummy bears, tablets. You need to take 1 unit of the drug during meals.

Medicines based on retinol, it is advisable to take before lunch, as in the first half of the day the body absorbs vitamins better. Give tablets, capsules and any other form should be during or after meals. The daily dosage is individual for each drug, determined by the age of the child and the degree of hypovitaminosis, and is prescribed in the instructions. The dosage should be agreed with the pediatrician. You can not give the baby several at the same time vitamin preparations, otherwise hypervitaminosis will develop.

Retinol preparations are not prescribed for children with:

• intolerance to any components;
• age up to 6 years.

Children suffering from cardiac pathologies and impaired kidney function should be taken with extreme caution.

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis A in children

Hypervitaminosis A develops in children who uncontrollably drink retinol in excess, eat improperly, and include in the diet a lot of vitamin-rich foods. Retinol is a fat-soluble substance that can accumulate in the body. Vitamin excess provokes malfunctions of many organs and systems.

In children younger age hypervitaminosis is accompanied by:

• rise in temperature;
• nausea, urge to vomit;
• allergic rash;
• excessive sweating;
• an increase in intracranial pressure.

Older children with hypervitaminosis suffer from:

• pain in the head;
• movement disorders;
• lethargy, drowsiness;
• joint and muscle pain;
• disorders of the digestive tract (exacerbation of chronic pathologies of the stomach and intestines);
• emotional instability, nervousness, irascibility.

In some cases, hypervitaminosis becomes a provocateur of baldness, weight loss, drying of the skin, and a depressive state.

If side effects occur, you must immediately stop taking the drug, consult a doctor. There are no drugs that eliminate intoxication. The pediatrician may prescribe a laxative and drugs to relieve the symptoms of poisoning to the affected child.

Interaction with other substances

Vitamin A combines well with tocopherol (E) and zinc. Tocopherol prevents retinol from oxidizing, helps it to be absorbed into intestinal tract. Zinc converts the vitamin into its active form.

Do not take retinol along with laxative medications, as they prevent the substance from being absorbed in the intestines.

You can not combine the intake of natural vitamin A, a synthetic compound and drugs with beta-carotene. Otherwise, the risk of hypervitaminosis increases.

In order for the vitamin to be well absorbed, it is advisable to eat foods rich in fats and proteins during its intake. Retinol in excess turns into a poison, so you can not give it to a child without consulting a doctor, without reading the instructions.

Substance-rich foods

The compound in the form of retinol is found in animal products, and in the form of beta-carotene - in vegetable food. Rich sources of the substance are:

• liver;
• meat and fish of fatty varieties;
• hard cheeses;
• butter;
• egg yolk;
• carrot;
• pumpkin;
• bell pepper;
• tomatoes;
• apricots;
• leafy greens.

You can determine the saturation of a plant product with a vitamin by the color of its pulp and skin. All plants of red, orange and yellow color are rich in carotene.

Among nutrients that a child needs for full growth at any age, one of the most important is vitamin A, which is also called retinol. It is important for parents to take care of its sufficient intake in the child's body, so they should know which foods are the source of this vitamin substance, and also whether it is possible to give vitamin A to children in the form of supplements.

The effect of vitamin A

The most well-known effect of vitamin A is the support of visual acuity., especially in low light. The compound is part of a pigment that captures even weak light and allows you to see the outlines of objects at night. That's why With a deficiency of retinol, a disorder occurs, which is called “night blindness”.

Also, vitamin A has such important properties:

1. Activation of the growth processes of the child's body. Retinol is especially important for stimulating the growth of bones, hair and teeth, as it plays a big role in strengthening them. In addition, vitamin A contributes to the faster healing of any skin damage, such as scratches, cuts or abrasions.
2. Strengthening the immune system and increasing the resistance of the child's body to infectious agents. Vitamin A increases the barrier function of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which prevents viruses and bacteria from entering the body. And due to the increase in the activity of leukocytes, such a vitamin will help to cope with those foreign particles that have nevertheless penetrated the body of the little one. It has retinol and an antioxidant effect, thanks to which this vitamin protects the body from cancer.

Needs in childhood

Every day, children should receive vitamin A in the following amounts:

It is important to note that a child can receive vitamin A not only in the form of retinol, but also in the form of provitamin A, which is called beta-carotene. This substance is a pigment belonging to the group of carotenoids. Once in the child's body, such a compound is broken down and oxidized, resulting in the formation of vitamin A.

Deficiency symptoms

Although vitamin A is included in the group of fat-soluble vitamins that have the property of accumulating in the human body, however, with its constant deficiency in food, children gradually develop hypovitaminosis which will appear:

• Visual disturbances. The child will see worse in poor lighting and in the evening (this is how “night blindness” manifests itself). Sometimes a lack of retinol is manifested by partial color blindness (the child ceases to recognize blue and yellow).
• Dry skin. In children, the skin on the elbows and knees begins to peel off and coarsen, and in severe cases, eczema develops.
• Frequent SARS, bronchitis, and sometimes pneumonia, which is caused by a weakening of the barrier function of the respiratory tract.
• Dryness of the cornea which contributes to the appearance of conjunctivitis, and in severe deficiency can cause loss of vision due to keratomalacia (damage to the cornea).
• Slowing the growth of the child.
• Deterioration of the hair(dull color), their increased loss and the appearance of dandruff.
• frequent appearance boils and stomatitis.
• damage tooth enamel.
• Infectious lesions of the urinary system.

Vitamin A in foods

It is known that children receive retinol mainly from animal products, and beta-carotene - from plant foods. To prevent a child from experiencing a lack of vitamin A, his menu should include:

• Fish, caviar, cod liver and fish oil.
• Liver.
• Milk, butter, hard cheese, cottage cheese and other dairy products.
• Egg yolks.
• Carrots, spinach, dill, pumpkin, tomatoes, broccoli and other vegetables.
• Apricots, melons and other fruits.

It is also important to know that the absorption of vitamin A and its precursor (beta-carotene) from food is facilitated by the presence of vitamin E, Why are vegetable oils added to food?

Vitamin A in supplements

Pharmaceutical preparations that include retinol may contain only this vitamin or its combination with vitamin E. Such supplements are indicated only for diagnosed hypovitaminosis A, so a doctor should prescribe them, choosing the right dosage, taking into account many factors.

You can give your child vitamin A on their own only as part of multivitamin preparations used to prevent nutritional deficiencies. In such complexes, retinol is presented in safe dosages that prevent its shortage, but do not threaten an overabundance of this vitamin. Most often, to prevent vitamin A deficiency, children are given complexes Vitrum, Jungle, Complivit, Multi tabs, Pikovit, Sana-sol and others.

good choice there will also be supplements with beta-carotene, because this compound is converted into retinol in the child's body. At the same time, an overdose of beta-carotene does not pose a danger to children, but only leads to a change in skin color, which returns to its previous appearance as soon as the supplement is canceled. Among the supplements rich in beta-carotene, the most popular are Alphabet complexes, Vetoron and Supradin Kids gel.

Release form

Vitamin A supplements for children come in a variety of forms. For the smallest children, it is very convenient to use drops, and multivitamin capsules are given to children over 7 years old, since they should be swallowed.

The sweetest versions of vitamin A supplements, such as delicious gel, multivitamin syrup, or chewable tablets, are the most popular in childhood.

Indications

Multivitamins, including retinol or provitamin A, are prescribed:

• With a decrease in the content of vitamins and beta-carotene in food (this is observed in winter and in spring).
• With an imbalance in the child's diet (especially if the menu is low in fat and protein).
• In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that impair the absorption of vitamins (colitis, hepatitis, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, and others).
• With increased stress on the child's body, for example, when playing sports.

Application of the drug "Aevit", retinol in capsules or in solution is indicated only for beriberi A. The use of an oily solution of carotene as a lotion is in demand for burns, hard healing wounds, ulcers, eczema and other skin problems, as well as stomatitis. This threatens with an overdose, which is quite dangerous for the health of children . This state will appear:

• An increase in body temperature.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Increased sweating.
• Weakness.
• Drowsiness.
• Rash and redness on the skin.
• Increased intracranial pressure.
• Tearful mood and irritability.
• Pain in the bones or muscles.
• Hair loss.
• Headaches.
• Lack of appetite.
• Weight reduction.

If you have any problems while taking vitamin A supplements, you should immediately consult a doctor in order to stop the drug in time and eliminate its negative effects.

Watch with your child a Soviet cartoon about the benefits of vitamin A:

For more on the importance of a balanced child's diet and vitamins, see Dr. Komarovsky's show.

Contributes to normal metabolism, growth and development of the body.

It ensures the normal activity of the organ of vision, mucous membranes, sebaceous and sweat glands, increases resistance to diseases of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and intestines, increases the body's resistance to infections.

INDICATIONS.

Avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis A. Infectious and catarrhal diseases (measles, dysentery, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia). Skin diseases (wounded, compressed, frostbite, psoriasis, eczema). Some eye diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, conjunctivitis, etc.). Chronic enterocolitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis.

Complex therapy of rickets.

RETINOL (VITAMIN A): Method of application and dosage.

Vitamin A preparations are used in prophylactic and medicinal purposes. daily requirement and vitamin A is 1.5 mg for an adult. or 5,000 IU; for pregnant women - 2 mg, or 6,600 IU; for lactating women - 2.5 mg, or 8,250 IU; for children under 1 year old - 0.5 mg or 1,650 IU; from 1 year to 6 years - 1 mg, or 3,300 IU; from 7 years and older - 1.5 mg. or 5,000 IU, Therapeutic doses of vitamin

And with various degrees of vitamin A deficiency from 33,000 IU (10 mg) to 50,000 - 100,000 IU per day for adults; for children from 1000 IU to 20,000 IU per day, depending on age. The highest single dose for adults is 50,000 IU, the highest daily dose is 100,000 IU; for children, the highest single dose is 5,000 IU, the highest daily dose is 20,000 IU. Vitamin A is prescribed inside after eating the worm for 10-15 minutes.

An oily solution is applied locally. The affected area of ​​the skin is lubricated with an oily solution 5-6 times a day, gradually decreasing to 1 time per day as it heals.

Side effects.

Hypervitaminosis A: headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, drowsiness, peeling of the skin.

RETINOL (VITAMIN A): Contraindications.

Gallstone disease, chronic pancreatitis, acute and chronic nephritis, first 3 months of pregnancy.

RETINOL (VITAMIN A): Release form.

1. Dragee of vitamin A 3300 IU for preventive purposes.

2. Tablets of retinol acetate or retinol palmitate (vitamin A) 33,000 IU

for medicinal purposes.

3. Vitamin A concentrate containing 100,000 or 170,000 IU per 1 g for treatment

preventive purposes.

4. Natural cod fat containing vitamin A at least 300 IU per 1 g for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

5. A solution of retinol acetate (vitamin A) in oil 3.44% 100,000 IU in 1 ml)

or 6.88% (200,000 IU in 1 ml) or 8.88% (250,000 in 1 ml) for oral administration, for medicinal purposes.

6. A solution of retinol palmitate (vitamin A) in oil 5.5% (100,000 IU in 1 ml) or 11% (200,000 IU in 1 ml), or 16.5% (300,000 IU in 1 ml) for oral administration, for medicinal purposes.

7. A 1.651% solution of retinol papmitate is used in pediatric practice for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.

8. Capsules with vitamin A (retinol acetate or retinol palmitate) 3300 IU, 5000 IU, 33,000 IU and 100,000 IU.

In addition, vitamin A is included in many multivitamin preparations.

(Undevit, Dekamevit, Gendevit, Pangeksavit, etc.).

Active substance: retinol acetate (vitamin A-acetate);

1 ml of solution contains retinol acetate (vitamin A-acetate), in terms of 100% retinol acetate - 34.4 mg (100,000 IU);

excipient: refined deodorized sunflower oil grade P, frozen.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Vitamins. Vitamin A.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Due to a large number unsaturated bonds plays an important role in redox processes, participates in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids. Retinol belongs to important role in maintaining the normal state of the skin and epithelium of the mucous membranes, ensuring normal differentiation of epithelial tissue, in the processes of photoreception (it contributes to human adaptation to darkness). Retinol is involved in mineral metabolism, cholesterol formation processes, enhances the production of lipase and trypsin, enhances myelopoiesis, cell division processes; necessary for bone growth, normal reproductive function, embryonic development. Local action is mediated by the presence of specific retinol-binding receptors on the surface of epithelial cells. It inhibits the processes of keratinization, enhances the proliferation of epitheliocytes, rejuvenates cell populations and reduces the number of cells that follow the path of terminal differentiation.

Pharmacokinetics

Ingested retinol acetate is well absorbed in the upper small intestine. Then, as part of chylomicrons, it is transported from the intestinal wall to the lymphatic system and enters the bloodstream through the thoracic duct. The transport of retinol esters in the blood is carried out by β-lipoproteins. The maximum level of vitamin A esters in the blood serum is observed 3 hours after ingestion. The place of deposition of vitamin A is the liver parenchyma, where it accumulates in stable ether forms. In addition, a high content of vitamin A is determined in the pigment epithelium of the retina. This depot is necessary for the regular supply of the outer segments of rods and cones with vitamin A.

Biotransformation of retinol takes place in the liver, then in the form of inactive metabolites it is excreted by the kidneys. Retinol can be partially excreted in the bile and participate in the enterohepatic circulation. Elimination of retinol occurs slowly - in 3 weeks, 34% of the dose taken is excreted from the body.

Indications for use

Vitamin A deficiency that cannot be compensated by food.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, acute and chronic nephritis, heart failure in the stage of decompensation, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, hypervitaminosis A, retinoid overdose, hyperlipidemia, obesity, chronic alcoholism, sarcoidosis (including history), increased intracranial pressure.

Acute inflammatory skin diseases, pregnancy, children under 7 years of age. With caution: cirrhosis of the liver, viral hepatitis, nephritis, renal failure, old age.

Interaction with other drugs

If you are taking any other medicines, be sure to tell your doctor!

Estrogens increase the risk of developing hypervitaminosis A.

Retinol acetate reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids.

Retinol acetate should not be taken simultaneously with nitrites, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, as they disrupt the absorption of the drug.

Retinol acetate should not be used in conjunction with other vitamin A derivatives due to the risk of overdose, the development of hypervitaminosis A.

The combination with vitamin E contributes to the preservation of retinol acetate in its active form, absorption from the intestine and the occurrence of anabolic effects.

The simultaneous use of vaseline oil can interfere with the absorption of the vitamin in the intestine.

Simultaneous intake of vitamin A and anticoagulants increases the tendency to bleeding. Isotretinoin increases the risk of developing toxic effects when taken simultaneously.

Precautionary measures

Before starting treatment, consult your doctor!

When using the drug, you must adhere to the doses recommended by the doctor!

The drug should be taken under medical supervision. With prolonged use of Retinol acetate, it is necessary to control biochemical parameters and clotting time.

In the treatment of impaired twilight vision (night blindness), Retinol acetate should be used in complex treatment.

Use with caution in case of severe damage to the hepatobiliary system, diseases accompanied by impaired blood clotting.

The drug tends to accumulate and stay in the body for a long time. Women who have taken high doses of retinol can plan pregnancy no earlier than 6-12 months later. This is due to the fact that during this time there is a risk of improper development of the fetus under the influence of a high content of vitamin A in the body.

For normal absorption of vitamin A necessary condition is the presence of fat in food.

Abuse of alcohol and tobacco disrupts the absorption of the drug from the digestive tract.

The use of the drug in patients on hemodialysis can lead to hypervitaminosis A in combination with hypercalcemia.

Patients with severe type V hypertriglyceridemia are also at risk of developing hypervitaminosis A.

The simultaneous use of alcohol can lead to toxic effects on the liver. The drug contains butylated hydroxytoluene.

Use during pregnancy or lactation

Due to the high dose of vitamin A in this dosage form, the drug is contraindicated for oral administration during pregnancy or lactation.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms

There are no data on the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a car or work with complex mechanisms.

Children

The drug is prescribed for children older than 7 years.

Method of application and dosage

The use of the drug should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

The duration of the course of treatment and the dose of the drug is determined by the doctor individually for each patient, depending on the severity of the clinical picture of vitamin A deficiency, the course of the disease, and the tolerability of the drug.

Taken orally, 10-15 minutes after eating.

1 ml of the drug contains 100,000 IU of vitamin A. 1 drop from the eyedropper that comes with the package contains about 3,000 IU of vitamin A.

In the treatment of mild to moderate vitamin A deficiency in adults, therapeutic doses are up to 33,000 IU per day.

The highest single dose of vitamin A for adults is 50,000 IU, for children from 7 years old - 5,000 IU. The highest daily dose of vitamin A for adults is 100,000 IU, for children from 7 years old - 20,000 IU.

Overdose

If the level of retinol in the blood serum is higher than 1 mg / l, signs of hypervitaminosis A may develop. In pregnant women, a teratogenic effect of the drug on the fetus is possible.

Acute hypervitaminosisBUT may develop from a single dose of the drug at a dose of 500 mg of retinol, which is equivalent to 1.5 million IU of vitamin A in adults, 100 mg or 300,000 IU in children, and 30 mg or 100,000 IU in young children.

The following overdose symptoms may be observed: headache, dizziness, severe fatigue, drowsiness, confusion, convulsions, nausea, indomitable vomiting, profuse diarrhea, papilledema, visual disturbances, bleeding gums, massive peeling of the skin. In children - a protrusion of a large fontanel.

An overdose leads to the activation of fibrinolysis, impaired blood clotting, increased activity of ACT and ALT in the blood serum.

Chronic hypervitaminosisBUT, accompanied by an increase in the size of the liver and impaired renal function, it can develop with long-term daily intake of vitamin A in adults at a dose of 100,000 IU, in children - from 18,000 to 60,000 IU. Chronic overdose is also possible with prolonged use of lower doses.

Early symptoms of chronic overdose: dry skin followed by large-layer peeling, itching, cracking, hair growth disorder, fatigue, osteoalgia and hemorrhages.

Late symptoms of chronic overdose: hepatosplenomegaly, liver cirrhosis with manifestations of portal hypertension and ascites, increased intracranial pressure, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and serum calcium levels. In children, late symptoms are manifested: chronic intoxication, premature closure of the epiphyseal growth zones, growth retardation.

Treatment: if symptoms of an overdose appear, the drug should be discontinued, in case of acute poisoning, measures should be taken to prevent the absorption of the drug.

Treatment is symptomatic. There is no specific antidote.

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Side effect

Long-term intake of large doses of vitamin A can cause the development of hypervitaminosis A.

From the side nervous system and sense organs: fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy, irritability, headache, sleep loss, convulsions, discomfort, intraocular hypertension, visual impairment.

From the digestive system: loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, abdominal pain, aphthae, dry mouth, very rarely vomiting.

Possible exacerbation of liver disease, increased activity of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase.

From the urinary system: pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria.

From the hematopoietic system: hemolytic anemia.

From the musculoskeletal system: changes on radiographs of the bones, gait disorder, pain in the bones of the lower extremities.

From the side immune system: hypersensitivity reactions.

From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: cracks in the skin of the lips, yellow-orange spots on the soles, palms, area of ​​the nasolabial triangle, subcutaneous edema; in some cases, on the first day of use, an itchy maculopapular rash may occur, which requires discontinuation of the drug; itching, erythema and rash, dry skin, hair loss, photosensitivity.

Other: violation menstrual cycle, hypercalcemia, fever, flushing of the face with subsequent peeling.

With a decrease in the dose or with a temporary withdrawal of the drug, side effects go away on their own.

In case of skin diseases, the use of high doses of the drug after 7-10 days of treatment may be accompanied by an exacerbation of the local inflammatory reaction, which does not require additional treatment and subsequently weakens. This effect is associated with myelo- and immunostimulatory effects of the drug.

In case of any adverse reactions, consult your doctor regarding the further use of the drug!

Storage conditions

Store in the original packaging in the refrigerator (at a temperature of + 2 °C to + 8 C).

Best before date

Should not be applied medicine after the expiration date indicated on the package. Keep out of the reach of children.

Holiday conditions

On prescription.

Package

10 ml solution in glass bottles. 1 vial and an eye dropper in a pack of cardboard.

Information about the manufacturer (applicant)

PJSC "Tekhnolog", Ukraine, 20300, Uman, Cherkasy region, st. Manuilsky, 8.