Indian canna flower. Cannes: planting, growing and care. Canna home: cultivation and care

Do you want to create the atmosphere of a southern garden even on the smallest plot? Then you need a tropical-style flower garden. And one of the main participants of this show, of course, flower canna- an invariable attribute of the evergreen beauty of the brightest and most impressive resort fantasies.

The colorful flowering of cannes is strongly associated with a riot of orchids, fluttering hummingbirds, and huge leaves give the flower garden the flavor of a banana plantation.

Cannes grow well on balconies, loggias and terraces and are the pride of any grower. Cannes have only one drawback: they have no fragrance. But this is easily compensated by their tropical beauty, unpretentiousness, resistance to drought, diseases and pests.

Regal, magnificent, solemn - this is how cannes are called in different languages. These amazing plants are found in many countries of the world, however, mostly hybrid varieties created by breeders. By the way, the first written mention of the eland dates back to 1662.

Name "Kanna" comes from the Greek word "kanna" - reed, by some similarity in the structure of the stem.

The word kanna ("kanna") in Latin means "pipe". According to legend, eland grew on the site of a fire, into which one of the leaders of the warring Indian tribes threw a wampum rolled into a tube with the terms of a peace treaty ( wampum- threads with shells strung on them, a kind of subject writing of the Indians), after which a bloody war began. The fiery red petals of the canna still resemble flames today.

Birthplace of Cannes- South and Central America, India. Under natural conditions, cannes grow in humid tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America, as well as in southern Africa, India and China.

Kanna has earned recognition among many peoples, not only because of the magnificent flowers on long straight stems. Indians in America from ancient times to this day cultivate some types of cannas because of the edible rhizomes containing about 27% starch. The stems and leaves of which are fed to livestock.

Already a millennium ago, the coastal lands of the southern tip of Africa were densely populated by shepherds known as Hoihoi. It is the Hoihoi culture that is credited with discovering healing properties cannes flowers and the spread of its use. The fact is that the canna plant contains a number of alkaloids with psychoactive properties, that is, canna acts in many ways as a classic antidepressant.

It is believed that the wild-growing Indian canna was brought to Europe by Portuguese navigators at the end of the 16th century. In the next, XVII century, in the catalogs of the botanical gardens of Europe, several types of cannes are already mentioned, having powerful underground rhizomes, huge spectacular bluish-green or purple leaves, bright flowers up to 10 cm in diameter on tall, slender peduncles from 0.5 to 3 m. In modern Europe, “pure” canna species are very rare, and only in botanical gardens or special nurseries.

Cannes in medicine.

Alkaloids in canna. The Dutch colonialists noted that the natives often chewed canna. After chewing the kanna, “their eyes began to shine, their spirits were purified, their faces acquired a pleasant sociable expression, and they began to dance. However, the canna plant, taken in excess, intoxicated and calmed them.

Kanna is uplifting, relieves tension, and at higher dosages can induce euphoria. As an antidepressant, kanna has traditionally been used in drug rehabilitation programs with great success.

Canna (Canna) is a large-flowered, tall grass, the only genus in the Cannaceae family.

Kanna is a perennial herbaceous plant with rhizomes containing a reserve nutrients and water, not hibernating in open ground.

Its leaves are large, decorative, bronze-red, brown with a purple tint, light and dark green, sometimes striped up to 50 cm long and up to 25 cm wide.

The flowers are large. The petal-shaped pistil and staminodes - stamens that have turned into petals - give decorativeness to the flowers of the canna. They have a wide range of different tones and shades: orange, pink, beige, red, yellow, crimson. There are varieties with contrasting edging, strokes or specks of a different color.

Canna is a reed flower. Cannes are used to create large groups and arrays, as well as for single landings on the lawn.

Canna flower: cultivation and care

Despite the fact that canna comes from warm lands, it can also be grown in our climate, if you know some of the features of care.

Cannes are very close in terms of needs to another tropical crop successfully grown by generations of summer residents - the well-known and beloved cucumber. They need very rich and organic soil, a sunny quiet place and plenty of water. Cannes rhizomes love warm soil: plants grow much faster and bloom more actively and longer.

With seed propagation varietal qualities plants are not preserved, therefore Cannes are best propagated vegetatively. In early spring(for example, in March), divide the rhizomes so that each part has one strong kidney or several weaker ones. When dividing the rhizomes, be sure to sprinkle the cuts with crushed coal and dry.

Cannes rhizomes awaken in a warm greenhouse: laid tightly to each other on the surface of the soil and sprinkled on top of the earth. Occasionally, cannes are sprayed with warm water. When the cannes leaves in the greenhouses develop so much that they begin to crowd each other, the plants are selectively taken out and planted in small pots. Before planting in the ground, cannes are cultivated in deep (preferably gable) greenhouses. By June, well-prepared seedlings are already producing flower arrows.

Cannes rhizomes awaken in a warm greenhouse

One mother plant in spring can be divided into 3-5 parts. The separated rhizomes are placed in cuttings with sand, heated from below, and strongly moistened. After 7-10 days, the rhizomes develop buds with shoots. At this time, without risk, you can make an additional division of the strongest rhizomes. When dividing in the spring, the places of cuts of rhizomes are sprinkled with crushed coal and dried. By the time of planting in the ground, cannes have time to develop 5-6 large leaves.

Already in March you can germinate cannes rhizomes in peat. AT open ground plant forgiven rhizomes At the beginning of June.

To ensure more lush development for cannes, make a hot bed of manure. Before landing cannes dig a hole 60-70 cm deep and about 30 cm in diameter, put fresh horse dung with a layer of at least 20-30 cm, sprinkling it on top with fertile soil with humus with a layer of 20-25 cm. Then spread the cannes rhizomes on a thin layer of sand and cover them with earth. The manure debate will provide the plants with the necessary soil temperature, and regardless of the vagaries of the weather, the cannes will bloom magnificently.

Cannes are planted in the ground after the threat of frost has passed, at a distance of 50-75 cm from each other, depending on the nature of the planting. By the beginning of the morning frosts, it is necessary to hill the plants high in order to protect the root collars from freezing.

Cannes are blooming about 1.5-2 months after planting. In favorable conditions, cannes bloom from July until frost. And in order for the cannes to bloom all season, remove faded brushes in a timely manner, preventing the fruits from setting.

Cannes are practically not affected by pests and diseases., therefore, their cultivation does not require pesticide treatment.

Feed cannes throughout the growing season, alternating organic and mineral fertilizers. In dry weather, water the plants abundantly 2 times a week. Make sure that water does not fall on the cannes when watering the plants. At the end of summer, gradually reduce watering, before digging completely stop watering.

After the first frost, cut off the cannes stems, and dig up the rhizomes together with a clod of earth, shaking off only its excess.

For the winter, cannes rhizomes are harvested with an earthen clod for wintering in dry cellars, folding them neatly and slightly layering with earth or sand. From time to time, the rhizomes are sorted out, rotten specimens are removed. In moderate heat, with diffused light and sufficient moisture, cannes rhizomes ripen in an earthen coma. When the earthen coma is destroyed, the rhizomes dry out, and its young parts die off.

If the only place to store cannas in winter is an apartment, then store the rhizomes in a large plastic bucket filled to the brim with dry earth. Until the air temperature on the balcony or loggia drops to +5°C, they can be stored there. Then bring them into the apartment and place them on the cold floor about balcony doors. For the entire wintering period, moisten only a few times upper layer earth in a bucket of water.

Cannes can be grown as a houseplant.

Cleaned with the onset of cold weather in bright rooms, cannes continue to bloom for a long time. With moderate watering with soft, settled water, cannes greenery persists all winter. However, it is imperative to make the plants dormant for about 2 months. To bring plants to a dormant state, watering is gradually reduced and, finally, completely stopped. Cut the leaves 10-15 cm from the base, and transfer the pots until spring to a dry, cool (not lower than + 10 ° C) place. During the winter, the lateral buds on the rhizomes become normally developed and mature. In the spring, remove the rhizomes from the ground and plant them in small pots, and later transplant 3-4 cannes into large containers to a depth of 2.5 cm and replant annually. Take a loose, nutritious substrate for planting: a mixture of peat, leafy soil, sand and humus, taken in equal proportions, is suitable.

There are 3 main groups of Cannes:

• Cannes Crozi - undersized plants 0.7-1.6 m high, with a slight bluish bloom on green or purple leaves, the flowers of this group are gladiolus-shaped, about 10 cm high, petals with folded edges;
• deciduous small-flowered cannes- tall plants 1.5-3 m high, with large green, greenish-purple or pure purple leaves, in small flowers 6 cm high, the petals are narrow;
• orchid cannes- plants about 2 m high, with green or greenish-purple leaves, orchid-like flowers about 14 cm high, have wide petals with a corrugated edge.

Varieties Cannes

There are a lot of varieties of cannes. Some of them are characterized by beautiful decorative leaves, others - an unusual color of flowers.

According to the color of their decorative leaves, cannes are divided into green-leaved, red-leaved with bronze hues and striped leaves. Cannes flowers are predominantly in red, pink and yellow tones. Flowering depends on the nature of the preparation of the plant. In favorable conditions, cannes bloom soon after planting in the ground and usually bloom from July until frost. In culture, predominantly large-flowered Cannes varieties derived from Canna indica.

Height 90 cm. Spectacular decoration for flower beds, as well as for indoor gardening as potted and indoor plants. Blooms from July to October. Can be grown in pots.

Variety: Canna Picasso / Canna Picasso

Crimson petals interspersed with sunny yellow dotted with red flecks create a stunningly colorful duo. Great for garden and container plantings.

Flower color: orange. Plant height - 120 cm. Blooms from July to September. The rich tone of yellow-orange flowers is shaded by restrained bronze foliage.

Variety: Canna Wyoming / Canna Wyoming

Dwarf canna 50 cm high. For rabatok, mixborders and containers. Red, with a wide yellow border. Flowering period: July-September.

Variety: Canna Lucifer / Canna Lucifer

Variety: Canna Striata

Canna Striata decorates the garden with orange-yellow flowers and green variegated leaves. The height of the plant is 80-90 cm. Canna Striata reaches its maximum decorative effect only in lighted areas, which are necessarily protected from the wind. This variety of cannes prefers deeply cultivated, loose, fertile soil. You can put a “warm” litter of manure 25 cm thick on the bottom of the planting pit (overheating, the manure will generate heat). Only the cannes should not come into contact with it: the manure will need to be covered first with earth, and then the cannes will be placed in the planting hole (a layer of earth of at least 20 cm). Canna "Striata" blooms from July to September.

Variety: Salmon Pink

Canna Salmon Pink has shrimp pink flowers. Plant height 60-75 cm. Canna "Salmon Pink" blooms from July to September. For spectacular long-term flowering, cannes require regular abundant watering.

Variety: Pak

The petals of the Canna Puck flowers are surprisingly delicate creamy in color and reach 12.5 cm in diameter. Large leaves of canna "Pak" are very decorative. The height of the plant is 100 cm. It is a pity that it is rarely seen in an ordinary garden. This plant is not hardy, blooms from mid-summer until the first frost. It can be planted in the center of a flower bed or in the middle of a plant composition.

Variety: Black Knight

Canna "Black Knight" or "The Dark Knight" (Canna Black Knight), impresses with its fiery dark red flowers and burgundy leaves. Plant height 100 cm. Blooms in July-September. This plant makes a majestic and breathtaking impression. As if you are looking at amazingly beautiful and elegant stained-glass windows, shimmering with all shades of red, burgundy, green and bronze in the rays of a summer sunset.

Cannes are very beautiful large flowers with bright buds. They are often planted in parks, along alleys and fences. They are also popular in private areas, as they are quite unpretentious, have many bright juicy shades, which allows you to diversify the landscape and make Beautiful design garden.

Cannes were brought to Europe in the 16th century from America. Also, their natural habitat is India and China. Canna is translated from Greek as “reed”, which is very close to this flower, since it has a large, even stem that grows quite strongly - from 50 cm and can reach 2.5 meters in height, and some crossed species even 3.

​ In appearance, the canna is a cross between a gladiolus and an orchid. The only drawback is that they cannot overwinter in the open field, so every season you need to dig them up and hide the tubers for preservation. But at the same time, canna - perennial, which practically does not get sick and is not affected by pests and blooms from mid-summer until the first frost.

Another feature of this plant is that they flowers don't smell at all. Some may call this a disadvantage, however, such a flower will delight allergy sufferers and people who do not tolerate strong odors.

The undoubted advantage of cannes is their unpretentiousness, ease of care, resistance to heat and drought, as well as long flowering.

What varieties are there?

There are so many varieties, species, subspecies and varieties of these flowers. It is customary to separate species cannes (these include the original varieties without changes) and hybrid (specially bred by breeders, most often used in landscape design and when decorating a garden). The first hybrid variety was bred by the French breeder Crozy, after whom it was named, in the 19th century. All subsequent hybrid (that is, bred) varieties of plants began to be called "hybrid garden canna" or simply "garden canna". They were classified into one species, which has about 100 varieties.

Cannes are usually divided into four main groups, which include species and hybrid varieties of this beautiful flower:

• Indian- the ancestor of all cannes, it is a common species, that is, a natural variety, from which the rest of the hybrid varieties were subsequently bred. In fact, its name - Indian canna - is purely nominal, because, as already mentioned above, their natural environment is not only India, but also South from Central America and China;
• Crozy- the first of the hybrid cannes bred, named after the creator, the second name is “French canna”. They are considered undersized, since, compared with other varieties, they reach a maximum of 1.6 meters in height. The buds are shaped like gladioli, the edges of the leaves are turned inside out. One of the best views of this variety are considered Livadia, America and President;
• orchid- considered one of the most beautiful hybrid varieties this plant. Quite tall, can reach 2 meters in height. The flowers are quite large with corrugated edges, the leaves are green, may be with a purple tint. In my own way appearance reminiscent of orchids, hence the name. Popular species of this variety include Andenken an Pfitzer and Richard Wallace;
• Deciduous or small-flowered- one of the tallest varieties. They grow at least 1.5 meters, while they can reach 3. Have a very beautiful leaves all shades of green and purple. As the name implies, the flowers are smaller compared to other varieties, their size is about 6 cm. The most popular type of this variety is Durban.

Popular varieties

There are a huge number of varieties and varieties of cannes in each group, so it is quite difficult to choose a specific one for planting. These flowers are quite interesting and a great solution would be to combine different types in one area. Here is an example of some of the most popular varieties:

1. Yellow Humbert;
2. Louis Kayeux;
3. Lucifer;
4. Rosencrantz;
5. Firebird;
6. Kanna Discolor;
7. Lucik;
8. Feuer Vogel;
9. Crimean gem;
10. Hope;
11. Maestro;
12. Livadia;
13. Gift of the Crimea;
14. Firebird and many others.

Between themselves, they differ mainly only in the height of the stem, color and shade, as well as the size of the bud and, accordingly, the leaves. Sometimes the flowering time varies, but this is a rare indicator, usually the plant blooms for the same period, regardless of the variety. If you do not understand the names, when buying seeds or tubers, pay attention to the photo that necessarily accompanies the packaging.

Reproduction and planting cannes

Cannes are propagated by division by rhizomes or seeds, but the latter is much less common and is mainly used in breeding to develop new varieties.

Seeds are planted in February and it is possible to do this only in a greenhouse or indoors. with air temperature not lower than 22 degrees. The seeds are preliminarily scalded and kept for up to 4 hours in warm water at a constant temperature so that they warm up. The sprouted sprouts are moved to open ground after the end of possible frosts, while not all plants will be able to bloom in the year of planting.

The division is usually carried out in the period from early to mid-spring, immediately before planting in the soil. Since cannes do not tolerate wintering in the ground, they are dug up and stored together with a clod of earth. Before dividing, it is necessary to clean the rhizome from it, removing the rotten parts, after which it is divided into kidneys. For disinfection, you can treat all parts with a solution of potassium permanganate or fill the places of cuts with crushed coal and ash. If spring comes late in your latitudes, the kidneys can be grown at room temperature in a well-lit place, having previously planted in cups with a mixture of humus, compost and sand or soil of peat, black soil and sand. It will be useful once a decade to water the future flower with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Remember that canna - thermophilic flower, so you should not plant it in open ground if there is still a threat of frost. Choose for him the sunniest and most wind-protected piece of land. The soil must be prepared before planting, namely, dig, add humus and cover with a layer of earth about 30 cm on top. Prepared seeds or rhizomes are planted in holes to a depth of at least 20 cm and be sure to fill it with water, and if the earth is dry, the hole must be additionally watered before laying the sprout.

Care

Do not forget to regularly water, weed and loosen the cannas abundantly throughout the entire growth period. They also need feed during this time 2-3 times with mineral fertilizers, which are scattered around the plant on the soil generously watered with water, after which it is loosened.

In order for the plants to retain their picturesque appearance, it is necessary to cut off already faded dry inflorescences.

If the cold in your lane comes early, cannes at any stage of growth can be dug up before frost and transplanted into pots. They tolerate this procedure very easily and can continue to bloom in a warm room for a long time and even spend the winter in it, after which the plant is divided and planted in the spring.

Kanna loves water, so water it regularly and quite abundantly, but, most importantly, do not overdo it, this can lead to diseases and the development of fungus or pathogenic bacteria, which will lead to blackening and death of the buds and even the entire plant. If you notice a similar picture - moderate the amount of water. It is also necessary to gradually reduce the abundance of watering after the end of flowering and the approach of frost, even if you left the canna to wait out the winter indoors.

winter storage

Cannes cannot winter outdoors, as they cannot tolerate frost. Therefore, if you do not decide to move the plant into the house, it must be dug up at the end of autumn for storage (the specific time depends on how early colds come in your latitudes). It is best to do this in clear sunny weather or immediately after the first frost.

Since cannes are a rather large plant, and during the season gaining a lot of weight, it must be carefully dug up, cut off the stem and leaves at a distance of at least 20 cm from the rhizome and put in boxes according to varieties, sprinkled with earth (mark the names of the varieties for yourself so that it is easier to plant flowers back in the spring). The second option - the tubers are washed, removing the old earth, disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate for a day, then dried and wrapped in paper.

Ideal conditions would be to store cannes in a cool basement. with a constant temperature of about 8 degrees and moderate humidity. If there is no such place, the rhizomes must be watered every 14 days, otherwise they will dry out. You can also keep the tubers in the refrigerator.

Rhizomes during storage can begin to rot, so their regular inspection is necessary. If you find such a tuber, you need to cut off the diseased area and treat this part with iodine.

With the advent of spring, the rhizomes are divided and prepared for planting in the manner described above.

Pests and diseases

Cannes is a plant that practically does not get sick and is not susceptible to pest damage. It has only a few problems that can be named:

• Festering and death of buds due to excessive watering. Such buds must be removed from the plant, otherwise it can lead to the development of fungus and pathogenic bacteria, as a result of which the flower will die;
• Leaf infestation by butterfly caterpillars. It is necessary to treat cannes with insecticides - chemicals designed specifically for the destruction of harmful insects;
• Root nematode infestation. This harmful worm can only be removed by treating the soil around the plant with special preparations.

Canna home: cultivation and care

So that these flowers can please you not only in the country, but also at home, breeders have bred a special variety of a tub plant - domestic canna. It's beautiful, bright, decorative flower, which is practically all year round will give pleasure to the eyes and will become a central element of the interior of any home. It takes only two months for a canna to rest at home.

It can be grown in a pot or tub with a diameter of at least 50 cm, while care is much easier than in the open field. A home plant does not require weeding, spraying, fertilizing and other procedures that are necessary in the garden. All you need is to put the pot in a place with a lot of light, water it and periodically wipe the leaves.

Canna home will constantly delight you, because even after the end of the flowering period, bright and beautiful leaves will remain.

Cannes flowers come in a wide variety of colors and shades, which makes them popular with landscape designers and look even better in real life than in the photo. The whole palette from white-cream to rich red can be found in these flowers without smell. In addition to beautiful buds, these plants have chic decorative leaves of purple, green, purple and red-bronze color. They are quite large, the width can reach 0.8 meters, they come with a border or even.

This picturesque flower looks just great in gardens, parks, alleys. It is an invariable companion of decorators in landscape design and is popular in arranging bouquets. Flowerbeds with cannes are a riot of colors. They also look great on balconies and terraces. A huge number of varieties allows you to grow unusual compositions.

Kanna (lat. Canna)- a genus of the monotypic family Cannaceae (lat. Cannaceae) of the ginger color order, numbering more than fifty species herbaceous plants. In nature, they grow in Central and South America, India and China. They were brought to Europe by Portuguese sailors in the 16th century, but cannes began to be cultivated only in the 17th century. Translated from the Greek "canna" means "reed". Indeed, the canna stem bears a resemblance to this plant. In Latin, “canna” means “pipe”, and an ancient legend tells that canna flowers grew on the site of a fire in which one of the Indian leaders burned a wampum rolled into a tube with a peace treaty, thereby provoking a bloody war, and bright red petals elands looked like the tongues of that fire or the blood shed in that war. For flower growers, the value of canna is not only in beautiful flowering, but also in large decorative leaves of dark green, dark purple, red-bronze and even purple hues.

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Planting and caring for cannas (in a nutshell)

• Landing: seeds in February for seedlings, in the second decade of May - planting of tubers germinated from the beginning of March.
• Bloom: from July to frost.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: fertile, rich in organic matter, warm and well-drained.
• Watering: regular and moderate, during flowering - plentiful.
• Top dressing: 2-3 times per season with mineral fertilizers.
• Reproduction: seeds and rhizome division.
• Pests: nematodes, butterfly caterpillars, scale insects, spider mites, aphids, slugs.
• Diseases: rust, gray mold, variegation, cucumber mosaic virus.

Read more about growing cannes below.

Canna flowers - features

At first glance, the canna flower looks like a hybrid of a banana with a gladiolus or an orchid. The plant has only two drawbacks: in our latitudes, it winters poorly in open ground and does not smell at all. All other characteristics are solid advantages. The main one is that the plant almost does not get sick, so growing cannes will not cause trouble even for a beginner grower. Canna, for all its beauty and decorativeness, is generally unpretentious, drought-resistant, and decorates the garden with flowering from the end of June until the frost.

The rhizome of the canna branches, growing in breadth. Flowering stems are erect, thick, high (from 0.6 to 3 m). The leaves are large, powerful, pointed, oblong or elliptical in shape, reach a length of 25-80 cm, and a width of 10-30 cm. The shape and color of the leaves makes the plant attractive even without flowers, but only when the canna blooms, you will understand that such beauty and harmony. The flowers are sharply asymmetric, bisexual, 4-8 cm in size, the original color is red, but today, thanks to the work of breeders, varieties of yellow, pink, orange flowers have been bred, there are bicolor, with a border and even speckled. White cannes are the least common. The flowers are collected in paniculate or racemose inflorescences. The fruit is a three-celled capsule.

Growing cannes in the garden

Sowing canna seeds

Canna seeds often do not retain varietal characteristics, and not all varieties set seeds, therefore The best way dilution of cannes - division of the rhizome. But if you are passionate about breeding, you can try and propagation by seeds. Cannes seeds are distinguished by a very hard shell, which must be softened before sowing. Scald the seeds with boiling water and keep them in a thermos for warm water 3-4 hours. Or for 12 hours on a hot battery. Or freeze for 1-2 hours in the refrigerator.

You need to sow the seeds in February, the soil should be light, the temperature should be 22-23 ºC, there should be partial shade indoors. Seedlings appear after 3-4 weeks, and when they have 3-4 leaves, dive them into separate pots, in which they will be at a temperature of 16 ºC until planting in the ground. Some seedlings may bloom this year, while others will not bloom until next year.

Pictured: Formed canna seeds

If you are interested in the most reliable way get summer blooming cannes, then early March divide canna tubers so that on each division there is one large kidney or several weak ones, sprinkle the slices with crushed coal, dry. Fold the delenki tightly to each other in a greenhouse container on the ground (sand), placing the kidney horizontally, sprinkle with sand on top and spray with warm water from time to time. Germination is carried out at a temperature of 20-24 ºC, it would be nice to slightly warm the container from below.

When the plants that have let out leaves become crowded, plant them in small pots and move them to a bright room with a temperature not exceeding 16 ºC so that they grow and get stronger before planting in the ground, watering once a decade with a solution of potassium permanganate (2 g per 10 l of water). You can do without growing at home, but refusing it will greatly delay the flowering time: if you plant unsprouted tubers in the ground, the canna may not have time to bloom at all.

In the photo: Canna tubers

When to plant cannes

When the spring frosts pass, you can begin to prepare a place for cannes. Canna loves sunny areas protected from drafts, fertile, rich in organic matter and warm soil. The needs of the canna are the same as those of the popular vegetable crop cucumber.

The optimal composition of the soil is as follows: humus, leafy soil, coarse sand and peat in equal parts. Good drainage is a must!

As for the question of when to plant cannes, experienced flower growers advise doing this no earlier than May 9, because from a possible sharp temperature drop, which sometimes happens in spring, the canna in the garden will lag behind in growth for a long time, and at best the flowering time will be delayed, and at worst canna will not bloom at all.

Cannes planting and care

Cannes planting in spring

So, in the second half of May, when the risk of frost will no longer threaten the life of plants, cannes are planted in open ground. If you want to get the most out of your canna, make a hot "litter" for her: a 20 cm layer of fresh manure is placed at the bottom of the planting pit with a diameter of 50-60 cm, which will give heat to the roots of the canna and provoke it to intensive growth and violent flowering, then the manure is covered with a 25 cm layer of soil, moistened well, and only after that the canna rhizome is placed in hole and drop it in. If the canna bulb did not have time to germinate, then the planting depth should be no more than 6-9 cm. The distance between plants, as well as between rows, should be half a meter. From the moment of planting in the ground until the moment of flowering, it takes from one and a half to two months.

In the photo: Cannes tubers ready for planting in the ground

Garden canna care

During the growing season, cannes need two or three times feed mineral fertilizers: after watering, the granules are scattered around the plants, and then loosen soil. For 1 m 2, 40-50 g of the mixture will be required (10 g of potash fertilizer, 12 g of nitrogen and 25 g of phosphorus). The rest of the canna care is very simple.

Watering regular, but moderate, is needed until shoots appear. When the canna blooms, watering should become more abundant, but do not overdo it: waterlogging can cause fungal or bacterial diseases leading to blackening and death of the buds.

Sometimes canna leaves are damaged by butterfly caterpillars, and roots by nematodes. Use insecticides to control them. Do not forget to cut off the faded inflorescences. In the first half of the growing season, watch for weeds and remove them in time. At the end of flowering and before the first frost, the cannes must be piled up very high to protect the root collars from possible freezing.

Kanna at home

Growing homemade canna

Canna is also successfully used as a pot or tub plant. In any case, those of its types and varieties that are placed in the apartment, on the terrace or on the balcony. Home cannes, due to their bright decorative effect, become the center of flower arrangement any winter garden. In addition, domestic canna needs only a two-month dormant period, and the rest of the year it is ready to tirelessly delight your eye with the beauty of its leaves and flowers. Canna can be grown at home in a pot, like any other house plant, or you can carefully dig a canna in the garden in the fall and transplant it into a tub or pot with a diameter of 50 cm, after spilling the garden soil with an insecticide to prevent insects from being transferred into the house that can damage the flower.

In the photo: Growing cannes at home

Canna care at home

Canna care at home is much easier than in the garden: no need to spray the plant, fight weeds and loosen the soil, no need to feed. Put it in a well-lit place and water as needed with settled water, sometimes wipe the leaves with a damp sponge. Even when the canna fades, the leaves will still be bright and beautiful.

In the photo: Canna on the windowsill

Cannes after flowering

If your domestic canna has faded and needs rest, gradually reduce watering until it stops completely. Cut the leaves at a height of 10-15 cm from the base of the plant and place the pot in a cool dry room with a temperature not lower than 10ºС. In the spring, remove the rhizome from the ground, divide, and plant the divisions. You can leave them to grow in pots at home, take them to the balcony or plant them in the garden - it's up to you.

garden cannes at the end of flowering, they also do not need in large numbers water, so watering should be gradually reduced, and then completely stopped. Before the first frost, the cannes should be piled high to protect the root necks from freezing, otherwise they may rot in winter, and immediately after the first frost, the cannes should be cut at a height of 15-20 cm, and the rhizomes should be removed along with a clod of earth.

In late September-early October, cannes are carefully dug out of the ground along with a clod of earth and transferred to a place where they will be stored until spring. It is best to store cannes in winter in a cool room with moderate humidity and diffused light. Rhizomes are transferred to boxes and sprinkled with peat, sand and earth with sawdust of non-coniferous trees. The humidity of the substrate is desirable fifty percent, and the temperature is 6-8 degrees Celsius.

Storage of cannes requires regular inspection of rhizomes for rotting: if a tuber damaged by rot is found, cut the affected area to healthy tissue, and process the cut iodine.

Keep an eye on the humidity level and protect the rhizomes from sudden changes in temperature.

In the photo: Digging cannes and preparing for storage

If you do not have the opportunity to store cannes indoors, you can keep them in the refrigerator until spring. In autumn, the tubers are dug up, washed from the ground under running water, kept for a day in a disinfectant solution of potassium permanganate, then dried, each tuber is wrapped in paper and placed in a container for storing vegetables, from time to time checking to see if any of the tubers have been affected by rot. Some flower growers store dried cannes on the balcony in a plastic bucket, sprinkled with dry earth. In case of severe cooling, the bucket should be brought into the apartment and placed on the floor under the balcony door.

In the photo: Preparing cannes for wintering

You can store the rhizomes in a pot in the ground at a temperature not exceeding 15 ºC. Suitable for this glazed loggia, loft or veranda. In this case, the soil needs to be moistened a couple of times a month. If you do not have frosty winters in your region, dug out cannes rhizomes can be stored directly in a site that is not flooded with water, in a place protected from the wind. It is only necessary to cover the tubers with a twenty-centimeter layer of dry sawdust.

Types and varieties of cannes

Canna Indian (Canna indica)

The progenitor of almost all types of cannes that are popular today is canna indian. Cultivars of Indian canna, obtained as a result of many years of selection, are called garden canna. Florists divide these hybrids into three groups:

Cannes Crozi

Low-growing species (60-160 cm), whose flowers resemble gladioli. The leaves, covered with white bloom, have a dark green or purple-bronze hue, the flower petals are folded back. The first hybrid by the French breeder Crozy was created in 1868, and this garden canna was called canna Crozy or french eland. The best varieties Cannes Crozy: Livadia(up to 1 m high, red-crimson inflorescences 25-30 cm long, purple leaves, blooms from July), America(120-140 cm tall, cinnabar-red flowers 12 cm in diameter, inflorescence length 30-35 cm, purple leaves, blooms from July), The president(up to 1 m tall, bright red flowers in inflorescences about 30 cm long, green leaves, blooms from July), etc.

It is hard to find words to describe the emotions and feelings that you experience when you see these amazingly beautiful flowers. Proper cultivation cannes: planting, timely care for it - will allow everyone to enjoy its amazing view and continuous flowering.

A few words about the plant

Canna is a monoculture, i.e. the only representative of the horse family (Cannaceae). Under natural conditions, it grows in South and Central America, China, Indonesia, India.

The flower has thin erect stems that grow up to 3 m in height in some varieties. The leaves are lanceolate or oblong, rather large, can grow up to 80 cm long and up to 25 cm wide.

Canna reveals its splendor when flowering. The main color of its buds is red, although breeders managed to develop varieties with yellow, white, orange, pink, and even two-color petals - speckled or bordered. The flowers grow up to 8 cm, they are bisexual, asymmetrically located on the flower arrow and collected in an inflorescence - panicle or brush.

The flower has only two drawbacks: it does not tolerate our winter in the open field and has no smell. Among its advantages, gardeners distinguish the following:

• very rarely sick;
• growing fast;
• easy cultivation;
• simple care;
• decorates the site with its flowering until late autumn.

If the buds have been pollinated by insects, brown large seeds have time to ripen. They can be used for breeding.

How to grow cannes

The cultivation of the flower comes from seeds or rhizomes divided in autumn. Sprouting tubers at home or growing a plant from seeds is a must for our climate.

How to grow canna from seeds

The best time for sowing seeds is the end of January or the beginning of February.

Growing cannas in this way is more suitable for breeding work, since seedlings obtained from seeds in most cases do not retain varietal and species characteristics.

In order for the seeds to germinate well, their strong shell should be destroyed. To do this, you can use one of the following methods:

• douse with boiling water;
• hold for 3-4 hours in a thermos with warm water;
• put in the snow for 2-3 hours or in the freezer for 1 hour;
• destroyed by mechanical action.

If you ignore this procedure, the germination of seeds will deteriorate, and the emergence of seedlings will be delayed.

Then the seeds are soaked for 24 hours in a growth stimulator and only then they are planted in a container with soil, the temperature of which must be at least 22 ºC before sowing. They are sealed to a depth of 7-10 mm, watered, covered with a film (glass). The first shoots will appear in about a month. When 3-4 leaves grow on them, they are dived (seated) in separate pots, in which the flowers are before planting in open ground.

After picking, young seedlings are placed in a room where the temperature does not exceed 16-18 ºC.

How to grow from rhizome

Growing a flower from a rhizome is considered the easiest and most reliable way. At the end of March or the beginning of April, the rhizomes laid down for storage are cleared of the ground, their dried parts are removed. The division takes place according to the number of tuberous buds. If there are 2 kidneys nearby, they should be left together.

The resulting sections should be treated with a solution of manganese diluted in a ratio of 0.2 g of manganese powder per 1 liter of water. For the same purpose, you can take wood ash. Processing is carried out in order to prevent infection of tubers with fungal infections.

Divided rhizomes are planted shallowly in a prepared soil mixture consisting of sand, peat and black soil, taken in equal parts. The first leaves appear quickly - after 2-3 weeks. After their germination, the flower is removed to a cool, but sufficiently lit place with a temperature of 16–18 ºC. Such conditions are necessary so that the young plant does not stretch. Care for him consists in timely watering and maintaining the desired temperature.

Landing in open ground

If in the spring it is planned to plant cannes in open ground, then in mid-April it should be taken out and prepared for new conditions for it. To do this, every day in sunny weather it is necessary to take it out into the fresh air.

Landing is carried out after the completion of frost. The flower prefers a sunny site, protected from drafts, with light fertile soil. Before planting, a drainage is laid in the hole, consisting of the following components:

• manure or hay (20 cm layer);
• soil (layer 25-30 cm);
• fertilizers.

Such a "pillow" will warm the roots, stimulate intensive growth and flowering of the canna. You can plant it after intensive watering of the hole. Planting depth - 20-25 cm. The distance between the planted bushes is about half a meter. From the time of planting to the beginning of flowering, it usually takes up to 2 months.

How to care

Further care consists in watering, loosening the soil, weed control and top dressing.

Care involves applying top dressing three times a season. Once every 10 days, when watering, grains of manganese are placed under each flower (or diluted in water in an amount of 2 g per 10 liters of water). It is necessary to stimulate flowering.

The best types of fertilizers are mineral (containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and organic.

Their introduction is carried out by the root method: fertilizer granules after watering are scattered around the bushes, and the soil is loosened. Before flowering with an interval of 2 weeks, you can feed chicken manure diluted in water 1:10.

The plant should be watered regularly, but in moderation. Abundant watering is necessary for a flower just before it blooms.

When watering the canna, do not overdo it. An excess of moisture will provoke the development of bacterial and fungal diseases.

Care includes conservation decorative look Cannes. To do this, she regularly needs to trim faded flowers.

Growing cannes is also possible at home - it is bred as a potted (tub) plant. In order for her to feel good and grow in winter, it is important to know some of the features of growing her at home.

For a flower to grow at home, it is enough to dig it out of the ground and place it in a pot for indoor plants with a diameter of at least 50 cm, having previously watered the garden soil with an insecticide. This procedure is necessary to avoid moving insects into the room.

Caring for a plant at home is even easier than in a flower garden. No need to spray it, remove weeds and loosen the soil. It is enough to put in a lighted room, water and feed with fertilizers. Indoor canna is in a dormant period for only 2 months, and the rest of the time it pleases with its beauty.

Proper and timely care at home will preserve the beauty of the canna even after flowering is completed.

plant after flowering

Indoor canna after flowering needs some rest. It is necessary to reduce watering daily, and then completely stop it. Then the leaves are cut off, and the pot with the plant is placed in a cool place where the temperature is at least 10 ºC. In spring, the roots are removed from the soil, divided and planted in pots or open ground.

If the canna grew in the garden, then after flowering it also does not need abundant watering. It gradually decreases and then stops. As soon as the first frosts begin, the stems are cut off, and the rhizomes are dug up along with the ground.

Nutrients are localized in the rhizome only after a cold snap. If you dig up flowers before frost, the roots will not receive the supply of substances necessary for wintering.

Before storing cannas, the rhizomes should be dried in the shade for 2-3 days. It is better to lay them out under a canopy or in a barn.

How to store

• in boxes or boxes;
• in flower pots.

If the first option was chosen, then before digging it is necessary to prepare the soil: mix peat, sand and sawdust in equal amounts. After removing the rhizomes from the ground and drying, they are placed in containers, sprinkled with soil and, if necessary, slightly moistened. + 8-10 ºC is considered the best storage temperature.

The entire period of storage of tubers must be viewed. Rotten parts are cut off, sprinkled with charcoal, cinnamon or ash.

With the second storage option, you can simultaneously store flowers until spring and enjoy their view in winter at home. The main thing is to have time to dig them out before the onset of frost. Care during this period is slightly different. Cannes should be placed in a lighted place, fed and watered.

If several varieties of canna are stored at the same time, it is recommended to attach a tag with its name to each rhizome. This technique will help in the spring when planting to create a unique composition, taking into account the characteristics of each variety.

To grow a flower, it is important for him to create conditions close to his family. In summer it is warm and abundant moisture, in winter - moderate watering and coolness. Awarded to the florist for quivering and proper care and patience will be a healthy and strong kind of plant, abundant flowering.

Kanna Indian "Tropical". This plant is typical for the southern regions, perfect for decorating settlements. Due to vegetative propagation of other varieties, the spread of the plant is rather slow. However, this series is characterized by propagation by seeds, with the preservation of all varietal properties.

The plant will look good in the most different places, starting from flower beds and ending with containers on the veranda. Canna Indian "Tropical" is grown next to fences, walls, and near ponds. During the first summer, the plant acquires a developed root system. Its rhizome has up to ten points of growth.

Height: 50-80 cm.
Seedling: June, 40x40 cm.
Temperature: from 15°C.
Location: sunny, warm.

Agricultural technology

Indian canna requires loose, nutritious soil and proper watering. The plant is planted in the ground at a distance of 5-10 cm at a distance of 40-75 cm from each other, taking into account the nature of the planting.

Canna loves warmth, so when planting in open ground, they make a hot bedding of manure. To do this, fresh horse manure is laid out at a depth of 70 cm with a layer of about 20 cm. Then the manure is sprinkled with loose earth with a layer of 20-25 cm and the rhizome of the plant is planted. The heat released during the combustion of manure has a positive effect on lush bloom noble cannes.

Cannes are sun-loving plants. It is advisable to plant them in sunny areas, protected from the wind.

Cannes need abundant watering throughout the flowering season. Planted plants in heated open ground, bypassing frosts.

In cool summers, it is preferable to plant them in tubs near warm walls, providing proper care. Over the summer, cannes manage to turn into a very elegant and unusual large shrub.