Probably, all of us have done something from timber and boards, but few people have seen how the sawing of logs takes place. Recently I visited a woodworking shop in the village of Sandovo, Tver region. I won't say that the enterprise is very large, there are probably the same ones in all other regions of our country. The production was based on the basis of Sandovskaya MTS. The enterprise had and does not have anything in common with a cellular operator, since in Soviet times MTS was deciphered a little differently, namely, the Machine and Tractor Station.

1. The company "Sandovskaya MTS" performs logging with subsequent removal, then a complex of forestry, reforestation and forest protection work is carried out. The main activity is sawing and planing of wood. Timber of different sections and grades are produced. I will show you this process.

2. Timber is being harvested on a forest plot leased for 49 years with an area of ​​26,571 hectares. And for processing, the timber is delivered to the enterprise in the form of unprocessed logs on such timber trucks.

3. Unloading and warehousing take place directly in the workshop, where the wood is processed.

4. A log is placed on a large sawing machine. From four sides, the so-called slab is cut off from it. A slab is a side part of a log that has one sawn and the other unsawn surface. The croaker is willingly bought by local residents for firewood for heating, since the Sandovsky district is not gasified. It's a shame, of course, but at least someone's "dreams come true" :).

5. After these manipulations, a beam is obtained, which can be sawn into boards or a smaller beam.

6. As a rule, both timber and boards are made from logs, depending on the diameter of the trunk.

7. The enterprise is small, the number of employees is about 50 people.

8. Log feeding mechanism.

9. Devices for fixing the log on the machine.

10. And this, in fact, is the main part of the machine - a circular saw.

11. Eh, I would not like to fall under the teeth of this monster.

12. The work is hard, but women also work at the enterprise.

13. Light operations are performed even by production veterans.

14. The territory of the Sadovsky MTS is huge and there is enough space for storing waste.

15. During the winter, all these mountains of wood will go to heating.

16. "Sandovskaya MTS" not only harvests timber, but also carries out reforestation work on a leased forest area.

16. I would like to show some more photos of the territory of the enterprise. It contains interesting artifacts.

17. In Moscow, such a fire engine is no longer to be found, but here this rarity is serving its purpose.

18. I myself do not know what it is. Most likely also left from MTS.

19. After inspecting the territory General director Igor Karpukhin treated us to meat buns, which we washed down with local cranberry juice. I remember these pies from my childhood :).

20. That's it, it's time! Take care of the forest.

Today, the use of lumber is in great demand in the construction industry. This is not surprising, since wood is a durable and environmentally friendly material. And thanks modern technologies and means of processing, the tree will last for decades.

Types of cut: 1-tangential, 2-radial.

Scope of lumber

In general, lumber is a log sawn along the fibers and has the following characteristics: moisture resistance, strength, ductility, low thermal conductivity and wood density.

Depending on the characteristics, the scope of a particular type is determined. Timber is widely demanded in the construction of houses. With their help, they make the construction of the foundation, temporary buildings, partitions and ceilings.

It is clear that the use of a particular type of lumber also depends on its aesthetic, physical and mechanical qualities. For example, the use of poorly processed wood for exterior finish will end with rotting and subsequently destruction of the material. Also lumber is the main element in the production of furniture, without which the life of any person is unthinkable. In any case, the use of lumber primarily depends on the type of wood.

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The main types of lumber

There is a huge range of wood materials on the market, and all thanks to the popularity of its use in the construction industry. Timber can be classified according to several criteria:

• depending on the type of tree;
• according to the method of wood processing;
• in size and shape.

Depending on the grade, lumber is made from hardwood (beech, aspen, birch, poplar, maple, oak) or coniferous (cedar, pine, fir, spruce, larch) arrays. Softwoods are used more often as they are hard, resistant to moisture and easy to machine. But conifers have one minus, because of which they are subject to relatively rapid decay - resinous substances. Among hardwood varieties The most common is considered to be an unusually strong and hard oak.

There are also unedged and edged ones, depending on the method of wood processing. Edged ones are characterized by smooth edges and a planed surface, and their volume is 13-100 mm. In unedged, the edge is not processed or partially sawn, and the width can be varied. They are used less often than edged ones and mainly for sheathing structures and making decking.

Thanks to specialized equipment, today lumber is produced in various sizes and shapes.

1. The plates are a log sawn in half with one straight side. Their size directly depends on the size of the log used. Other lumber is made from plates: sleepers, boards or bars.
2. Boards are made from large logs or beams. The board can be unedged and edged, with a thickness of up to 100 mm and a width of 200 mm. It is perfect for finishing floors, walls and making furniture.
3. Quarters (opal) are created from the sidewalls of logs. One surface of the obal is sawn through, and the second remains in its original form. This type of lumber is popular in carpentry.
4. Bars. There are 2, 3 and 4-sided bars, depending on the number of processed sides. The thickness and width of the beam is about 100 mm. Due to their strength and ability to withstand significant loads, the beams are used in the construction of houses and load-bearing structures.
5. The sleepers are notable for their small length, but significant width and thickness. They are the same bars and differ in large cross sections. The main scope of application is the construction of railway tracks.
6. Slab - sidewall of a log. The material is a waste that is generated in the process of sawing logs. It is used in the construction of temporary buildings and auxiliary buildings.
7. Bars. This lumber differs from the timber in size. The thickness is 100 mm and the length does not exceed 200 mm. They are great for creating door frames and various crossbeams. Bars are also used in the manufacture of furniture, carpentry and other areas.

Regardless of the type of lumber, it is worth paying Special attention on the quality characteristics of wood. If the humidity level exceeds the norm (10-15%), the material may crack, deform or dry out. In this case, good quality construction works out of the question.

To perform construction work of varying complexity, lumber is often in demand. However, this market is widely developed today and presents a wide range of products that are suitable for even the most difficult types of work. Bars and boards made of different types of wood will come in handy if you want to build a house or a gazebo. In this article, we will tell you about the main types of lumber and their performance characteristics.

Board

Most often, this material has a length of about 200 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. It is used in a wide variety of areas, including making furniture and containers for goods and drinks. Interestingly, this lumber has many varieties depending on the scope of its use. So allocate floorboards, oak, beech, edged and planed. As the name implies, floorboards are used to lay the floor in country house. Interestingly, for better bonding, there are special grooves on their sides that guarantee better bonding. These boards are very durable and strong.

Planed boards are very smooth, so they are often purchased for the production of high-end furniture and windows. Edged board is used for finishing works in the house. They are most often made from larch or coniferous species trees. They also produce cabinet furniture of the middle price range.

The beech board is made of precious wood. It is distinguished by its beauty and durability, so tables and other furniture are often made from them. The same fate befell the oak boards. Unlike beech, they are still purchased for finishing and roofing work.

bar

If you do not use terms that are difficult to understand, then a beam is a log that has been cut from four sides. Most often it is purchased by builders for the construction
oyki country houses. It is perfect for both the main pillars of the building and is involved in the process of pouring the foundation. Sometimes boards are made from beams. We add that they are often used guided by the production technology used at the construction site, and its compliance with the glued subtype is also taken into account. For example, glued beams will last much longer than regular ones. It is made by gluing against the direction of the fibers. Not surprisingly, such a material is more stable and, accordingly, more expensive. Ordinary timber does not have such wear resistance.

croaker

This is the name of the waste that remains after processing one log. However, they are also sold and can be put to good use. Basically dividing them yut into two types: business and wood. The first option is used in construction work to make a rough version of the floor, which will later be reinforced and covered with more elite and attractive materials. The second type of wood is used as fuel for kindling the stove. Interestingly, these types of wood, for some reason, are often confused with boards. But as you already understood, their differences are striking. There is also such a subspecies of croaker as obapol, it is made from the side parts of logs and used in roofing, and also formwork is made from them.

Bar

Bars are made from boards, sawing them along. Then the bars are processed with special equipment. Everyone is divided for the type of this material: these are planed and calibrated bars. The latter is widely applicable in finishing works and construction, and the former is used for manufacturing different types furniture. However, the use of bars does not end there. They are widely applicable in the manufacture of containers, as well as various types of load-bearing structures.

Other types and uses of lumber

As we noted earlier, thanks to high-quality equipment, we produce different kinds lumber. This article lists the main and most popular of them. However, the entire list of products from this area does not end there. Remember that before ordering any materials, think carefully about the type of your work. Then you can choose the material in accordance with all parameters.

In addition to the above lumber, we produce lining, plywood, block houses, imitation timber and many other lumber that will be appropriate during construction and finishing work in a country house.

Using plywood or lining, you can "sew up" the walls of the gazebo, which you will build on your garden plot or use it in the repair of an apartment.

It all depends solely on the type of construction work that you started, as well as the level of its complexity. Lumber purchased on our website can be an excellent component of your repair or even the construction of a whole country house where you plan to visit with your family every weekend. All presented wood is tested and safe for health.

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Lumber - what they are (wood species, types, varieties and types)

lumber types

Lumber can be divided by geometric parameters, quality and scope. They are made from several basic coniferous and hardwood species. Same House master can select material according to the following criteria.

By the nature of the processing of the edges, lumber is:

• edged- with edges, sawn perpendicular to the layers, and wane;
• one-sided edged
• with one sawn edge and wane;
• unedged- with partially sawn or unsawn edges and wane;
• planed- having processing by planing of one layer or both edges;
• calibrated- dried and processed in accordance with the specified dimensions.

Explanation: the wane is the part of the bark of the tree that remains on the lumber after sawing it.

Assortment of lumber

Most often, buyers subdivide lumber according to the assortment or type of homogeneous products.

plates obtained by sawing a log lengthwise into two parts. The plates are sawn on only one side. They are used for the manufacture of sleepers, joinery, boards, bars.

quarter- a log sawn lengthwise into A parts. It is used for the manufacture of joinery, moldings and other small products. The dimensions depend on the dimensions of the logs or plates.

croaker- the side part of the log, this is a waste when sawing the log into boards. The slab has only one side sawn, on the other, the oval surface of the log is preserved. It is used for the device of the lathing under the roof, for the construction of temporary and ancillary buildings, for the manufacture of pickets.

Boards- a type of lumber, in which the width exceeds the thickness by two or more times. Board thickness - from 13 to 100 mm, width - from 50 to 260 mm. Boards with a thickness of 13 to 35 mm are called thin, the rest are thick. The wide sides of the boards are called layers, the narrow sides are called edges.

According to the processing of the side edges, the boards are divided into edged, in which the edges are sawn, and unedged, the edges of which are partially sawn off or not sawn at all.

Batten- lumber cut from above and below, on the sides of which there is a groove and a spike. It is thanks to this that the installation of floorboards does not require special construction skills and tools.

Bar- lumber, the width of which is not more than twice the thickness, and the thickness itself does not exceed 100 mm. Available in the same thickness, length and types as the boards. They are used for wall lathing, the manufacture of joinery, furniture, clean floors.

bars- lumber, the width and thickness of which exceed 100 mm. More often, coniferous and hard hardwoods are used for their production: pine, spruce, cedar, fir, larch, oak, hornbeam. The thickness of the beams is from 110 to 2D0 mm, the width is from 110 to 280 mm, the length is from 1 to 9.5 m. The frames of wooden buildings are erected from the beams.

Lining, or sheathing board, - widely used material for internal and exterior finish. The thickness of the lining according to GOST is set from 12 to 25 mm, the width is up to 150 mm, the length is up to 6 m. The lining is made of coniferous and aspen trees for the outer lining, and softwood and hardwood lining is used for the inner lining. The lining has a standard thickness of 13, 16 and 19 mm with a width of 80,100,110 and 120 mm, a length of up to 6 m.

Block house- a kind of eurolining with imitation of the surface of a rounded log. When sheathing flat walls with this board, a surface is obtained like that of a chopped wooden wall.

WOOD SPECIES

Tree species are divided into coniferous and deciduous. For construction it is better to use coniferous species, for decoration - deciduous.

The main tree species used in construction

Pine(Photo 1) - the most popular wood for construction, it lends itself well to processing, is quite durable and flexible at the same time. It is used in the construction of load-bearing structures and for the manufacture of joinery.

Larch(Photo 2) - this wood resembles pine in appearance, but has greater density and strength. Due to its high resin content, it has an increased resistance to decay in conditions of variable humidity. Good for building a bath or gazebo in the open air.

This is interesting: almost 400 thousand piles of Ural larch from the early Middle Ages and still are a reliable support for the buildings of Venice. When larch piles were examined, it was said in the conclusion about their strength that they seemed to be petrified.

Spruce(Photo 3) - a common coniferous species, the wood of which is characterized by low resin content. However, when used in damp places, spruce quickly rots. Building structures operated in dry conditions are made from spruce.

The main wood species used for decoration

Oak (Photo 4)- the most common wood for interior decoration and furniture production. Its wood is distinguished by high strength and hardness, resistance to decay, and flexibility. It has a noble beautiful texture and color, it is quite easy to process. Over time, the oak darkens a little, which gives the products a touch of noble antiquity. The strength and durability of oak makes it an excellent material for the manufacture of furniture, parquet, stairs, doors.

Beech (Photo 5) has a dense and durable wood, not inferior to oak, slightly pinkish in color with a reddish tint and characteristic strokes. It is relatively easy to machine, but quickly reacts to changes in humidity, for which experts attribute it to capricious breeds. Beech became popular in last years as an alternative to the more expensive oak.

Ash has a heavy, hard and durable wood, reminiscent of oak wood in appearance and structure. In terms of hardness, ash even surpasses oak, has high flexibility, and is well polished. Ideal for making stairs.

Walnut (Photo 6) somewhat inferior to oak in strength, but has a beautiful color, due to which it is widely used for interior decoration, for example, for the manufacture of door frames, arches or wall panels.

Cherry (Photo 7) not used as often, but because of the beautiful pinkish-brown color, it is used to make classic kitchen fronts.

exotic woods

wenge- durable solid wood of unusually rich color, from light brown to dark coffee with a purple tint. It is used for the manufacture of interior and decor items.

mahogany(Photo 11) (mahogany) has even more durable wood, from which ships were made in the 18th-19th centuries. Now it is a material for expensive furniture. Produced in the form of boards and a quarter cut. Works great under varnish.

rosewood(Photo 9) - the most expressive type of wood. For the original pattern and high strength, designers all over the world fell in love with him. It lacquers well, but mirror polishing can be problematic due to the oils it contains. Holds screws and nails well, but requires pre-drilling of mounting holes.

Bubingo (Photo 10)- African breed of reddish-pink color with dark streaks. Well polished and painted. Dislikes water-based materials. Raw wood turns blue upon contact with metal. It is used for the production of furniture, panels, parquet and musical instruments.

Lacewood has wood of a pinkish or reddish-brown color. A clear sign of the breed is large core rays, which form a clearly visible silky pattern resembling snake skin. Wood hardly gives up moisture, so it takes a long time to dry. Lacewood is good for furniture, decorative items, knife handles and musical instruments.

lumber table

Lumber is used for a variety of purposes in construction, including creating a load-bearing structure and finishing a finished building. But for each of them, the appropriate characteristics of wood are needed, which will withstand the transferred load and have a long life.

Therefore, to create lumber, we use different types of wood that are perfect for many tasks.

The main types of wood for lumber

For the production of sawn timber, two types of wood are used: coniferous and deciduous. They are used to create various blanks, including timber and lining, which depends on the individual qualities of the tree species.

More common is coniferous lumber, created on the basis of coniferous wood. The reason for this is their straight and long trunk, which ensures the straightness of the wood. This makes coniferous wood more convenient to process and increase their physical characteristics. A high proportion of resinous substances ensures the durability of such lumber.

Among softwoods for sawn timber is used:

• Larch
• Pine
• Fir

Their natural qualities make it possible to produce excellent wood, which is ideal for building houses and decorating them.

Deciduous trees are more commonly used for interior decoration houses or creating load-bearing structures. They are more difficult to grow than conifers, and processing takes more time. Therefore, the cost of hardwood lumber is somewhat more expensive. But their special qualities appearance, color, texture, strength) are superior to coniferous varieties.

Most valuable timber is oak. This is an extremely strong and durable tree, which is considered the best for lumber. But its strength is reflected by the low growth rate of the tree and the difficulties in processing it.

What material is better?

Each type of wood has its own characteristics and advantages. Softwood lumber is more commonly used to create load-bearing structures and building finishes due to its durability and strength. It is best to use larch for this.

Hardwood lumber is more prone to decay due to the lack of resins, but their texture variety is slightly higher. They are more often used for interior decoration of a building, where the choice of material depends on its color and texture.

The choice of wood also depends on financial capabilities. Durable and reliable types of wood, like oak, are expensive, but saving on lumber is not recommended.