The complexity of burning wood according to Japanese technology. Japanese wood finish: Shou Sugi Ban Creative fire. Burning wood with a gas burner

Burning wood is one of the simplest ways to decorate and protect the surface from a number of harmful effects. How to do such an operation at home is described step by step in the article.

Who invented burning wood?

According to one version, it is believed that the Japanese were the first to burn wood. At the same time, they used this technology, oddly enough, not on their products. Initially, in this way they kept the forests from fire during the fire season. The burnt lower part of the barrel became difficult to ignite and, accordingly, was less exposed to fire.
The second popular legend also comes from Japan. If you believe this version, then once the Japanese noticed that after a fire in the forest, charred trunks lasted longer than those that had passed the fire. In particular, they noted for themselves that burnt wood does not rot so quickly, and insects do not sharpen it at all.
Later, this technology, prompted by nature itself, began to be used in construction. So, before installation, the roofing board, wall beam, wooden piles were fired. This made the building more durable, protected from insects and, in part, from fire.
Even later, firing began to be used to decorate wood products, in particular, for furniture operated on outdoors. The goal, in this case, was not only to protect the material from harmful effects, but also to give the surface an attractive appearance.
There is also a version that the Vikings began to burn wood long before the Japanese. They applied this technology to the processing of their ships.

Benefits of burnt wood

The advantages of fire-treated wood are as follows:

• presentable appearance;
• unattractive to insects;
• increased fire resistance;
• compacted surface;
• increased strength;
• improved moisture resistance;
• wear resistance;
• protection from ultraviolet radiation.

In addition, in the process of firing low-quality lumber, almost all defects are eliminated - darkening, blue, light rot. The processed product also does not require planing and finishing grinding.

Application of technology at home

In everyday life, firing lumber is used everywhere. The technology allows without the use of stains, toners and oils to turn pine into rare wood. In particular, with deep roasting, which is described in this article, the most defective pine easily turns into wenge (it grows mainly in Africa).
It is especially useful to use firing in the manufacture of products and structures that will be used outdoors. It could be garden furniture, fence, gazebo. Also, wooden elements of housing are often treated with fire - sheathing, frontal boards, terraces, stair balusters, and so on.
Burnt wooden boxes, gift cases, picture frames, grooves and photographs, various coasters and lamps will look beautiful.

What kind of wood can be burned?

Not all wood can be protected and decorated in this way. First of all, this applies to fruit species, oak, ash and alder. However, the most common lumber - pine and Christmas tree - is perfectly burned. You can also fire veneer and plywood.
For firing, it is best to choose a material on which an ornate structure is visible. During processing, the soft wood will burn out and be removed, and the hard fibers will stand out more dark color. At the same time, knots, blue, fungus and other defects are not a problem for fire.
When firing coniferous wood, it is better to take dried material. It burns much faster, it has less resin, with which there will be certain problems later. Raw wood is also quite possible to burn. However, it should be borne in mind that such processing will partially clog the pores of the material, and the moisture remaining inside will come out much longer, which is not good.

Tools and materials for firing

The main tool in this business is a gas burner. Just open fire (gas stove, fire, etc.) does not fit well, and it will not work to evenly burn a large surface. It is also undesirable to use a blowtorch on gasoline. It burns, of course, excellently, but drops of unburned fuel can fly out of its nozzle, leaving glossy spots on the wood. Alternatively, you can try using a building hair dryer. But a lot of time is spent with it, and deep roasting cannot be achieved.
A gas burner is suitable for this business the best way. Worth a penny, safe to use, easy to control and configure. You can get by even with the cheapest option. Chinese made, which, together with a can of gas, will cost about $ 5.

For large-scale work, it is better to get a large gas burner, which is designed for laying bituminous roofing.
In addition to a source of directed fire, you will also need felt. In extreme cases, you can take a washcloth from the kitchen for washing dishes and use its harder side for work.
Basically, that's all it takes.

Staged firing of wood. technology nuances.

Deep firing should begin with a surface pass of the burner over the material. At this stage, you need to evenly heat the wood, burn out the protruding pile, and also open the places where the resin is concentrated in large quantities. These areas will need special attention later.

The photo just shows such places well. As a rule, they appear on knots, and after the first pass they do not darken, but are covered with boiling resin. It is highly flammable and can ruin the whole result, so you should carefully warm up the knots. Warmed up, waited until it boils, then again. Repeat until the boil stops.

While the resin boils and the wood in these places cools down, the second stage is carried out in parallel - deep firing. The goal is to make the surface char and crack slightly. The photo below shows how it looks.

The next step is cleaning the surface of soot. This can be done in several ways: using felt, a soft brush or special nozzle for the grinder (brush for brushing). The only condition for all cases is that it is necessary to clean off the soot only in the direction of the wood fibers.
Sandpaper is not suitable for this purpose. It is advisable to use it only for surface firing of wood. In this case, it is necessary to remove all burnt soft fibers, and sandpaper without scratches will not cope with this task.

By the way, if you want the result to be lighter than in the above photos, you need to brush the surface longer. But achieve more light shades only with a brush. Felt "get" to light wood will not work.
Some masters wash off the soot with water, which, in principle, gives a good result. But keep in mind that dry wood, in direct contact with water, will take on some moisture, which, in turn, can lead to deformations and other problems in the future. A more predictable result is obtained only dry.
After firing, it remains only to cover the wood with a protective compound. To get a silky, matte surface that feels like pure wood, use special oils. A glossy surface that shimmers in the sun and at different viewing angles from black to light - is obtained after applying several layers of ordinary wood varnish.

Results

In general, decorating the simplest pine with the help of firing is not a complicated procedure that requires experience, expensive tools and compositions. The main thing is not to allow long burning wood, completely evaporate the resin, achieve cracking and remove soot only in the direction of the fibers.

1. Application
2. wood requirements
3. Processing technology
4. We use the burner
5. Japanese way

Fire is the most dangerous enemy for wood and can quickly destroy any product made from it. It is strange to hear about the use of an open flame to process this material. With skillfully controlled surface firing, the characteristics of the wood are improved.

Application

The treatment of wood with fire emphasizes the natural structure, enhancing the contrast of the pattern, creating further immunity to decay, damage from ultraviolet radiation,. In addition, such material acquires refractory properties. The surface loose layer, burning, closes the tubules and pores of the wood, creating sunlight and wind. Various impregnations and antiseptics protect against destruction. However, these products are expensive, contain chemical additives, and can be toxic. Flame treatment is environmentally friendly, economical, does not require high professional skills.

Burnt wood in the interior looks aesthetically pleasing. This is how home brushing is performed - artificial aging of products and furniture: chests of drawers, tables, chairs, panels, baguettes, caskets. You can burn the material for installing lags floor coverings, window frames, frames, doors, stairs, gazebos, technical buildings, benches, well log cabins, fences. If it is necessary to process complex massive structures, it is desirable to burn wooden details before the assembly of structures, in order to successfully carry out the subsequent cleaning of hard-to-reach places. Working with prefabricated structures is risky: you can not keep track of the direction and strength of the flame, and this will lead to a fire. It is better for inexperienced craftsmen to start with small boards or products.

wood requirements

Deciduous trees - maple, birch, beech, cherry, alder and others - cannot be treated with fire. It is desirable to burn only conifers: cedar, larch, spruce, pine. Their soft structure allows you to get as a result beautiful material without spots. For decorative products, a canvas of any quality is suitable: with knots, complex bends, eyes - the more effective the result will be. Burning soft fibers form depressions, hard ones become more prominent, after cleaning this will provide a textured contrasting surface. It is possible to process wooden parts, chipboard boards sheathed with coniferous veneer. If you need burnt wood for large-scale construction work, it is better to choose a better one, without structural defects.

Fresh material does not have to be pre-cooked before firing: the flame will remove all roughness, replacing grinding. You will have to think about the appearance after processing the wood with fire. It is enough to clean off resin drips from lumber. In the event of their ignition, all work will be spoiled. If the surface of the furniture or other product was previously covered with putty, paint or varnish, their residues are sanded to prevent unexpected ignition and protect against stains that cannot be cleaned. Wood impregnated with wood stain is fired general rules. Coated surfaces are not subject to processing. Old darkened wooden canvas it is better to sand, getting to the fresh fibers, in order to get an outwardly beautiful material at the finish.

The wood to be fired must not be damp. This is especially true for fresh boards. 15% is the allowed upper limit for moisture content.

Processing technology

In industry, large massifs of wood are fired in special vacuum furnaces. The thickness of the combustible layers in this case can reach 20 mm. It is difficult to do this work at home. You can protect the material from destruction and make it beautiful with the help of household tools.

Before starting work, you need to take care of the safety of the surrounding space and the objects in it. Roasting should be done outdoors in calm weather. Small boards can be processed on the balcony, large items must be taken out into the street. At the same time, paper, plywood, cardboard products, rags, textiles, flammable chemicals. It is advisable to work on a refractory stone surface, metal sheet.

Suitable for firing as a source of flame:

• powerful blowtorch;
• building hair dryer;
• burner;
• gas cylinder with a special nozzle;
• dremel.

In addition to fire and wood, you will need a tool to clean the burnt layers. If you plan to process small bars and planks, a stiff metal brush is well suited. Large-scale structures - large furniture, floors, stairs, buildings - are more convenient to clean with a professional grinder, grinder saw, drill with a special nozzle.

To sweep the remnants of burning, a flute is required - a brush with soft bristles.

All work is carried out by protecting eyes, hands and clothing from possible sparks and burning. A bucket or other utensils of water are placed nearby to extinguish unforeseen outbreaks of fire.

We use the burner

Firing with a gas burner is the most convenient. The flame should be even, calm, oblong and have a blue tint. The highest temperature required for pyrolysis is located at the top. Strong yellow fire for firing is unacceptable. For successful flame treatment, the flame is evenly carried out several times over the surface. The movements should resemble painting the material with a brush. It is better to start from the top. The burnt board needs to burn through to a depth of about 4 mm. To train an inexperienced master, you can try to burn unnecessary trimmings, achieving a high result.

When the surface is evenly charred, the loose burnt layer is cleaned with a prepared tool. A brush or grinder works along the fibers so as not to damage the structure. At the same time, they use a flute, getting to the deeply hidden particles of burning, cleaning them out. The cleaning process is painstaking and time-consuming. This must be done carefully and carefully, removing the detached soot completely, otherwise the material will look ugly. The quality of work is checked by wiping the wood with a napkin or soft cloth. To enhance the relief, to give the wood a look of real antiques, pyrolysis and brushing are repeated.

As a result of processing, a relief surface is obtained from dark golden to chocolate shades. Optionally, an aniline-based dye is applied to the surface or immediately made top coat. You can use tinted priming mixtures, oil primers, nitrocellulose clear varnishes, waxes.

Japanese way

According to this technology, only upper layer ash, washed boards in water, and then impregnated with tung oil, which has antiseptic and water-repellent properties. The processed material will acquire a noble black-silver hue and shine. Modern approach allows for convenience to use a gas burner, although in the old days for such purposes the tree was simply put into a fire or stove. Roasting allowed Japanese craftsmen to protect wooden structures and residential buildings from the spread of fires - the ash layer is practically immune to the effects of fire.

The service life of the burnt wood increases several times. As a care, it is enough to cover it with varnish or impregnation once every 1-2 years.

Yakisugi- Japanese technology wood processing"cedar languishing" is a Japanese technology for treating the surface of wood with the help of fire. This simple process allows not only to show the texture of the wood, but also protects it from fire, decay and insects. The service life of such wood increases to 80 years, so it is used for cladding the facades of houses and building fences.
The story began in the 18th century with the mass burning of Japanese cypress "Sugi" for fire protection, which densely covered Japanese villages. After some time, the residents realize that the burnt cypress wood is beautifully protected and amazing in beauty, the Japanese began to use it everywhere in construction.

But in fact, wood firing was used by almost all nationalities, since in ancient times, along with tarnishing (wood impregnation with hot resin), firing was the most common way to protect wood from decay. The fact is that under the influence of high temperature during pyrolysis in the outer layer of wood, the fiber channels narrow, clog them with resins and combustion products, which significantly strengthens the top layer of wood and increases its service life. In the old days, an ordinary fire was used to burn wood. Logs, floor and roof boards were often burned. In Russia, this process was called "smoking".
The advantages of such wood after fire treatment:

Fire protected
- Does not rot;
- Protected from insects and fungi;
- Easy to manufacture;
- Over time, does not change the appearance and color;
- Service life - up to 80 years.

Now, for burning wood, a gas burner is most often used. To achieve the desired effect, resinous boards are folded into triangular shape so that they form a box, and then fired for 7-10 minutes. The duration of thermal exposure affects the durability of the fired board and is determined by the type of wood, its moisture content, the thickness of the board and the desired effect of the structure and color. Then extinguish the burning surface, clean with iron brushes from the remains of ashes and rinse with running water. Ready! Now this wood can be used for facade cladding, track or fence

Yakisugi - Japanese woodworking technology"cedar languishing" is a Japanese technology for treating the surface of wood with the help of fire. This simple process allows not only to show the texture of the wood, but also protects it from fire, decay and insects. The service life of such wood increases to 80 years, so it is used for cladding the facades of houses and building fences.
The story began in the 18th century with the mass burning of Japanese cypress "Sugi" for fire protection, which densely covered Japanese villages. After some time, the residents realize that the burnt cypress wood is beautifully protected and amazing in beauty, the Japanese began to use it everywhere in construction.

But in fact, wood firing was used by almost all nationalities, since in ancient times, along with tarnishing (wood impregnation with hot resin), firing was the most common way to protect wood from decay. The fact is that under the influence of high temperature during pyrolysis in the outer layer of wood, the fiber channels narrow, clog them with resins and combustion products, which significantly strengthens the top layer of wood and increases its service life. In the old days, an ordinary fire was used to burn wood. Logs, floor and roof boards were often burned. In Russia, this process was called "smoking".
The advantages of such wood after fire treatment:

Fire protected
- Does not rot;
- Protected from insects and fungi;
- Easy to manufacture;
- Over time, does not change the appearance and color;
- Service life - up to 80 years.

Now, for burning wood, a gas burner is most often used. To achieve the desired effect, the resin boards are folded into a triangular shape to form a box, and then fired for 7-10 minutes. The duration of thermal exposure affects the durability of the fired board and is determined by the type of wood, its moisture content, the thickness of the board and the desired effect of the structure and color. Then we extinguish the burning surface, clean it with iron brushes from the remnants of ashes and rinse with running water. Ready! Now this wood can be used for facade cladding, track or fence

The use of Japanese wood processing is mentioned as early as the 18th century. During that period in in large numbers they burned the Sugi cypresses, which were the source of fires on the islands. Looking at the appearance of a charred tree, the local population became interested in the properties of the resulting material. After that, the Japanese began to widely use this practice of firing. This technology is called Yakisugi, which means "cedar languor" in translation.

In Japan, among softwoods, cedar is widely used in construction work. This treatment of wood with fire allows the texture to appear, and also eliminates the problems of rotting, burning during fires, and damage by insects. In addition, the shelf life of the material is extended to several decades, in connection with which it is used in facade work, the construction of fences and wall decoration.

However, these processing technologies wood material are ancient, they were used by almost all peoples and tribes. The firing method and the use of hot resin for impregnation are very common. Their advantage is that the channels between the fibers become smaller and filled with resin, protecting inner part logs from the negative effects of physical factors.

An outer crust up to 0.5 cm thick is formed, which protects the inner layers of the logs. If earlier a fire was used for firing, today they use the fire of a burner or a blowtorch. The method is suitable for processing soft conifers, which are known for their durability and high oil content. These include pines, cedar, spruces, etc. Such forests are common in all regions of Russia, which is why the method is also known in these places.

Burnt wood properties

The Japanese technology of processing wood with fire gives the material a deep gray tint, an unusual reflection of gray hair and uneven surfaces. Japanese languishing differs from other types of firing: the material can be impregnated with oils once every 4 years, painted and applied to it with various decorative compositions. Although there are few people who want to change color, because the resulting color is unusual and deep. Such actions extend the life of the material.

Japanese craftsmen are very careful about nature and themselves, so they try to do without chemicals. Their method does a good job of antiseptics or fire retardants. In addition, fired material ignites more slowly than unfired material, which serves as its advantage.

Woodworking is carried out as follows: parts are prepared from resin-rich material, fired for 10 minutes with a burner, then immersed in water for washing. After washing with a wire brush, the surface is cleaned of excessive roughness and soot. After all these activities, a thin charred layer remains, which can protect against moisture, microorganisms, insects, protozoa and fire.

Finishing from "stewed cedar"

After firing, the wood is used immediately, or it is still impregnated with oil. Houses finished with this method are found throughout Japan, which proves their strength and durability. Appearance such houses are distinguished by a peculiar iridescent shade of gray, which cannot be achieved by mixing different colors. The range of shades of the charred cover depends on the firing time: from silvery, brown to black tones. The resulting material is used not only when working with the facade, but also in the manufacture of furniture and other accessories for interior decoration.

It is not necessary to go to the East to learn how to properly fire in Japanese. The method is simple, so you can watch a video that clearly shows the stages of the procedure, and try the technology yourself, following the rules fire safety. However, at home, the method is difficult to reproduce, since it is necessary to clog pores and eliminate uneven polymers. If the firing is carried out correctly, it will not be possible to re-ignite the material. And the resulting residual heat will kill insects, bacteria and fungi located in the thickness of the wood, the outer layer will not allow them to penetrate into the thickness. The resulting wood can last up to 80 years after treatment, without requiring special care or biological treatment.