Attic floor on floor beams. Floors in the attic. How and from what!? General rules - how to insulate the attic floor

The apartment on the first floor is practical for families with small children, the elderly and the disabled. Residents feel increased humidity in the rooms from the floor. For a comfortable state of winter time years, the floors in it are insulated.

What options are used

• Make waterproofing from the basement.
• Insulate inside rooms.

Concrete plates bases serve as a ceiling in the basement, which has a complex communication system. They absorb moisture from them. Having coordinated the action plan with the management company, the concrete is insulated and waterproofed. This will partially protect the first floor from fumes and drafts coming from below.

The process of work in the apartment begins with the waterproofing of the concrete base. The list of further actions depends on the type of finish floor covering.

Phased insulation of the basement ceiling

• Cleaning the ceiling to reinforced concrete.
• Fill cracks with sand and cement in a ratio of 1:1. By adding to the composition liquid glass enhance this effect.
• Plastered with cement and sand in a ratio of 3:1. The amount of binder component (water) depends on their viscosity and temperature regime. The solution is kneaded in small portions, avoiding rapid hardening. To enhance adhesion, the first layer is thrown with a trowel, adding a mixture to it and leveling it.
• Using liquid rubber, as a waterproofing, get a reliable primer and plaster at the same time.
• Provided that the room is cold, foam sheets are glued to the ceiling. The seams are filling mounting foam.
• Finishing with film. It is attached to the walls.

• Electric wire heaters.
• Heated floors from hot water.
• Mats and plates from environmentally friendly material.

Preparation of the subfloor in the apartment

• Floor insulation works are carried out directly on the cleaned reinforced concrete slab. Bulges and dust are removed from it.
• Before screeding with a solution of cement and sand, in a ratio of 1: 1, the surface is moistened. This will ensure rapid adhesion of the mixture to the concrete.
• Overwrite cracks around the perimeter, and cracks over the entire area. This is done before applying the application of primers that ensure the contact of the leveling mixtures with the floor.

Foundation primer

Polyurethane

The second name of the composition is an epoxy primer, which has the property of penetrating deeply into concrete. Apply the component to the screed with a roller. Work along the perimeter of the base with a brush. Spaces are not allowed. This type of primer effective for adhesion self-leveling floors (self leveling), prevent the formation of fungus and the penetration of moisture.

Betonokontakt

This is a composition of acrylic with quartz sand. Applied with roller and brush. After priming, a rough surface is formed on the base, providing close contact with the subsequent layer. Acrylic in the composition makes the film resistant, preventing moisture from entering the concrete. After 4 hours, from the moment the composition is applied, proceed to the next stage of warming.

Fill and Level Sequence

To carry out work efficiently, and with less time, use ready-made compositions. The most practical are self-leveling self-leveling floors. Before applying them level determine the height of the beacons, fasten them every 60 centimeters throughout the area and perimeter. According to the established marks, a reinforced mesh is pulled. At the points of contact with the wall, a film is fixed that protects it from moisture from the composition of the fill.

They begin to level the floor from a blank wall, moving towards the door. The surface of the composition is compacted with a spiked roller. In this way, complete removal of air bubbles is achieved. After finishing work, the base is covered with a cellophane film until completely solidified. In its absence, the floor is periodically sprayed with water. After 3 days, you can move on to the next step.

Useful video on filling the floor in the apartment

Underfloor heating from hot water

Installation of water heating is a phased observance of the entire cycle from the beginning to the start of the system. The length of the pipe is determined by calculation, depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Advantage

• Provides uniform heating of the entire floor.
• The pipes are hidden and do not change the aesthetic perception of the interior.
• Closed hot water cycle from central heating, is not reflected in the total cost of utilities.
• Properly selected materials will not rust, which guarantees the system a long service life without leakage.

Equipment

• Metal-polymer or polymer pipes(preferably corrugated, bendable).
• Thermal insulation.
• Fasteners.
• Collector with a fitting for connection to the battery.
• Damper tape attached to the wall along the perimeter, within the height of the structure.
• Reinforcing mesh.
• Aluminum plates.

The number of pipes required is calculated on the basis that 5 meters are laid per square meter, with a step of 20 centimeters.

Sequence of work

• Polyethylene is laid in two layers on the screed.
• The foil insulation is laid out overlapping with a metal surface towards the room. It will create a reflective effect from the heat, increasing its power.
• When placing materials without foil, such as foam, polystyrene, chipboard (chipboard), aluminum plates with grooves for pipes are laid out over the entire area, keeping a distance between them of 20 to 40 centimeters.
• A pipe evenly distributed over the entire area (arbitrary graphics) is attached to the base.
• Connect its ends to a water supply source.
• The entire structure is poured with a cement-sand screed, layer thickness from 5 to 15 centimeters.

Note:

• In chipboard, grooves are made for metal plates and pipes. The entire structure is covered with a two-layer film, on which the flooring is formed.
• Checking the tightness of connecting the pipe to the central heating battery is done before pouring concrete. For this, they serve cold water under pressure exceeding the working one, one and a half or two times.

Useful video on laying a water floor

Infrared film electric floor

This type of heating is combined with such flooring as:

• Parquet.
• Laminate.
• Tile.
• Carpet.

Characteristic

IK - produced in rolls. The polyester or polypropylene film contains carbon paste. Material divided into separate independent lanes with a pronounced dividing line. Along the edge of each section is laid copper wire silver plated. When current passes through it, it heats up and transmits thermal energy carbon filler. Reduce the width of the IR film along the edge between the sections. Its thickness is up to 2 millimeters, with a width of 50 to 100 centimeters.

To connect to a power source, you need the following equipment and supplies:

• The temperature regulator controlling the set level of heating.
• Thermostat for temperature control.
• The remote control with which the program is set.
• Contact clamps and cable, for connection to the power supply.
• bituminous insulation.
• Pliers and screwdriver.
• Construction tape.

Safety Specifications

• The film is protected by hydro and vapor barrier on both sides, top and bottom.
• Do not connect the cable to the power supply in a plug/socket manner.
• The IR film does not overlap.

Stationary electrical connection provided (device protective shutdown power from 10 to 30 mA), this will protect against possible failure of the infrared heating elements.

The floor covering must not be in close contact with heating elements. The plinth is attached only to the base covering, making it possible for it to move from heating.

Note:

• Lifetime heating film 20 years or more.
• IR is not filled with a solution, it is covered with polyethylene, when forming a hard floor covering. Before linoleum flooring, plywood is laid on top.
• With a smooth wood finish, it is used as a base for IR, previously covered with foil material.

Mounting sequence

• The infrared film is laid out on the planned areas, attached to the floor with a stapler or adhesive tape along transparent edges that do not have a built-in wire.
• Recesses are made in the wall. Place the cable going from the thermostat to the thermostat.
• The places on the film in the connection area are thickened, for them it is necessary to create technological recesses artificially.
• The starting point of laying is on the opposite side from the places of connection to the power supply. From the walls leave a free space of 20 centimeters.
• Connect the copper ends to the thermostat using the cable and clamps included in the kit. Secure with pliers and isolate.
• The clamp is placed between the film and the wire. Connecting the IR strips is done near the wall. When they are built up, a wire of the same color is connected to each other, followed by insulation, and additional mount tape.
• The cable is carried inside the corrugation. It is sealed with a film, protecting it from moisture.
• After completing the installation, check the performance of the entire structure using a portable sensor.

Useful video on laying the electric floor

Insulation with electric cable

Heating is provided by 30% of the area, this is enough for an apartment with a centralized supply hot water. Composing cable layout, exclude places under a wardrobe, wardrobe, bed and similar items. More often, this type of floor heating is done in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen, with tiled flooring.

For dry rooms, energy consumption per square meter within an hour - 120 W/, at high humidity- 140 W. For example, for a room of 6 m2, 720 W / h is needed.

The thermostat is placed at a distance of 30 centimeters from the flooring. If it is electronic, then you need to install it higher.

The cable is distributed evenly on the foil-coated heat-insulating material over the entire area of ​​​​the site, observing a step of 20 to 40 centimeters. Bred ends are connected to a power source. The maximum cable length must not exceed 6 meters.

After checking the performance of the entire system, it is poured with a concrete mixture. Bubbles from the inside are removed using the solution leveling rules (spindle roller).

Note: You can use an electric floor in mats, which will significantly reduce the time for its installation.

Useful installation video

Stone wool mats

This method is the easiest and most economical. It is used more often than others.

Mounting sequence

• A two-layer polyethylene film is laid on the screed. The overlap joints are fixed with construction tape. The film should go on the wall along the entire perimeter, with a height not less than the thickness of the mat.
• A frame is laid out of beams, 50 cm high (equal to the width of the mineral wool layer).
• Mats are laid in the formed cells. The seams are glued with construction tape.
• The finished structure is closed with a reinforced mesh and poured with a cement screed.

Expanded clay

• The concrete floor is covered with two-layer polyethylene.
• Form a frame from the bars.
• The cells of the frame are filled with its crumbs, and poured with a solution of cement and sand, with a layer thickness of at least 5 centimeters.

Styrofoam or Styrofoam

• The plates are evenly distributed over the entire area on a layer of waterproofing from the film.
• The joints are glued with construction tape.
• Close with a vapor barrier film. Using foil material metal surface directed towards the room.
• Top covered with plywood 5 or 10 cm thick.

Izolon

Under a hard floor covering, it is advised to lay foil material on the screed. They may be isolon. It's thin but creates enough high level reflection of heat coming from the room.

Conclusion

All proposed types of floor insulation are recommended for residential premises. The proposed materials are environmentally friendly and do not harm health. Guided by the instructions for the phased work, and observing all the rules of hermetic connection seam c, floor insulation on the first floor will be done correctly.

On reinforced concrete floor slabs, floor insulation in an apartment on the ground floor can be performed using dry or wet screed technology, or thermal insulation can be laid between the logs of a wooden floor. After the elimination of heat losses in the ceilings, the quality of living can be significantly improved by adding the contours of a warm floor to the design.

When designing the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in an apartment or country dwelling, one should take into account the features of existing heat-insulating materials:

• Vapor barrier;
• Thermal conductivity;
• Density;
• Price.

For the same conditions in construction, there are always several technical solutions. An option is chosen with a rational combination of the construction budget, safety margin and operational resource, taking into account the requirements of the developer and the actual conditions of the project.

Compatible with concrete and wood

Before you insulate the concrete floor in the apartment on your own, you must consider the following nuances:

• the necessary rise in the level of the finishing floor covering;
• the presence of contours of the warm floor and its design (electric, water, film);
• characteristics of the construction materials used.

To eliminate the heat loss of the lower floor, foamed polymers are not considered in principle. The materials most in demand for these purposes are:

Important! Specific heaters should be considered only in combination with the technology of their installation. Since for some finishing flooring only screeds are suitable, while for others - a wooden subfloor.

Layer thickness

Heaters have unequal thermal conductivity, which affects the thickness of the layer to eliminate the same heat loss. For the materials under consideration, this characteristic is:

The thermal conductivity of all these heaters, with the exception of expanded clay, is approximately the same, operational properties are different. For example, ecowool is considered the only effective tool against mice, in all other heat insulators, these rodents either make moves or settle in families.

When choosing expanded clay, you will need a much larger layer to insulate the floor in the apartment with your own hands to the level of other materials. However, it is this bulk product that is used in dry screeds, which is why it is considered on a par with the rest.

Technology Choice

Before insulating the floor on the ground floor of the apartment, it is necessary to consider several technologies, depending on factors:

• room humidity - hot water, cold water and sewage pipes pass in bathrooms and kitchens, there is a high probability of leaks, so it is better not to use dry screeds and wooden floors along the logs with your own hands, preference should be given concrete screed or self-leveling floor;
• the type of flooring - porcelain stoneware and tiles have a maximum resource exclusively on screeds, for parquet and grooved boards it is more convenient to log or wooden black floor, for other coatings (laminate, carpet, linoleum, PVC tiles) there is not much difference.

However, the performance characteristics of heaters limit their use in some technologies:

• it is impossible to lay ecowool in the screed;
• expanded clay will mix with concrete and float to the surface, the thermal conductivity of the material will change and grinding or leveling with a self-leveling floor will be required;
• EPPS foam glass and expanded polystyrene will withstand any operational loads under a layer of concrete, will not get wet over time, and will retain their initial characteristics;
• mineral wool will divert from wooden lag excess moisture that penetrates the inside of the cake, despite the presence of vapor barrier membranes;
• ecowool also has hydrophobicity, does not shrink, but it is more difficult to work with it, it is almost impossible to install the contours of a warm floor into the material.

Advice! Dry screed is chosen for residential premises in order to reduce repair time. In this technology, expanded clay is poured under the GVL slabs, finishing is possible on the same day.

Concrete screed

In the presence of slab reinforced concrete floors, the floor of the first floor is easiest to make using wet screed technology. Design features are:

• the minimum layer thickness is 3 cm;
• structural material - sand concrete (proportion 1/3, cement, sand, respectively) or ready-mixed concrete with a fine filler fraction (crushed stone 5/20 mm);
• waterproofing - applied over the floor slab, extends to the walls by 15 - 20 cm, is carried out using a coating or gluing technology in a continuous layer;
• insulation - foam glass or high-density extruded polystyrene foam XPS.

Wet screed with a layer of insulation.

The main advantage of a wet screed is the ability to add underfloor heating contours and acoustic material to the design.

Important! The thickness of the screed is calculated from the last (upper) layer located inside it, that is, from the insulation or pipes of the water-heated floor.

The technology has been worked out to the maximum by generations of developers, it does not have complex operations:

• finding the top point - in all rooms at an arbitrary height, the laser plane builder creates marks of a single horizontal level, the distance from the line to the ceiling is measured, the smallest value will be at the top point of the structure;
• waterproofing - two layers of bitumen or polymer mastic or a waterproofing membrane;
• laying insulation - a layer of XPS 5 - 10 cm in a continuous layer with filling the slots with mounting foam;
• damper installation - the walls at the junctions with the slab are pasted over with rubber tape or strips of insulation 2 cm thick are installed;
• reinforcement - wire mesh is laid with an overlap of 5 cm at least on polymer pads that provide a protective layer of concrete;
• warm floor - used as needed, pipes are attached to the wire mesh with clamps or wire twists;
• - the profile is installed on the quick-hardening starting putty in a single horizontal level in order to ensure a screed thickness of at least 3 cm at the top point;
• pouring - concrete is laid between the beacons, the excess is removed by a rule or a vibrating screed;
• grinding - in order to reduce the thickness of the layer and even out possible unevenness of the hardened concrete, the surface is processed by a grinder.

Instead of sanding, you can use a thin layer (5 - 10 mm), which can also be a top coat.

The main nuances in the manufacture and implementation of the project are:

• thermal conductivity of the structure, even in panel house will be 0.25 - 0.35 W / m * K;
• structural noise will decrease by 20 dBa, air noise by 3 dBa;
• thermal insulation of the floor is provided by a 2 - 8 cm layer of expanded clay sand, on top of which two layers of GVL are laid;
• the compressive strength of the structure is 22 MPa, it is possible to glue porcelain stoneware or mount a laminate.

Gypsum fiber boards can be walked on already in the process of laying, facing them on the same day.

Advice! Despite the presence of moisture-resistant GVL, it is better not to use this technology in kitchens and bathrooms, and other wet areas. Even before laying the tiles, the surface of the gypsum fiber boards will have to be additionally treated with waterproofing, which will increase the repair budget.

Note! In the presented video, the installation of a dry floor is carried out without a film under it. If the apartment is located on the first floor, then the film is required.

Wooden floor on joists

In budget or, conversely, luxury interiors, wooden flooring is often used. Therefore, instead of a screed, you can immediately make a boardwalk or subfloor from wood-based chipboard / OSB boards, plywood. Although wooden coverings have high thermal insulation properties, may be required additional insulation, for example, if the 1st floor is located above the subfloor.

In this case, a leveling screed is not necessary; the load-bearing structural elements - logs - are mounted according to the level. Insulation is laid between them, from below it is protected by waterproofing, from above by vapor barrier. Absolutely impenetrable materials do not exist, a certain amount of moisture penetrates into the construction cake. Therefore, in this case, you should choose mineral or ecowool, which will partially absorb moisture, give it back when the microclimate in the room changes.

The best solution for this technology is an adjustable floor:

• logs are set on studded floor slabs;
• after adjusting the horizontal level, the protruding part of the studs is cut off by the angle grinder;
• the space is filled with ecowool, basalt slab or glass wool;
• the insulation is sewn up with a vapor barrier membrane;
• mounted black plywood floor, edged board or chipboard.

Important! With a lag step within 40 cm, you can do without a subfloor if you choose a grooved board as a floor covering.

Thus, the concrete floor of the lower floor in the apartment can be insulated in several ways. The main task of the developer is to choose the right one for a particular technology. thermal insulation material and compliance with the minimum layer thickness of the structure.

Advice! If you need repairmen, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below detailed description work that needs to be done and offers with prices from construction teams and firms will come to your mail. You can see reviews of each of them and photos with examples of work. It's FREE and there's no obligation.

Often the floor in it is arranged directly on the ground. This is a practical and inexpensive solution, but due to the fact that there is contact with cold ground, such a floor must be insulated in order to be comfortable to use. Today we will tell you how the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor is performed. We will analyze several options that can be applied both at the construction stage and on the finished floor, which was not initially insulated.

In principle, you are free to use whatever your heart desires, focusing on your financial capabilities. Technically, it is possible to use any option. Below is a table with the most common materials used for these purposes.

Table. Overview of popular heaters.

We have already mentioned. This material belongs to the category of lightweight concrete, of which there are quite a lot of varieties.

These include: foam concrete, aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete or wood concrete, etc. These solutions are also great for floor insulation.

Insulation of the concrete floor is very important to create comfort and warmth in the house, especially if the apartment is located on the ground floor.

But wooden floors sometimes also require insulation.

For example, in a private house, no matter how well the coating is made, it does not give a full guarantee of heat preservation, which means that it will not be possible to save on heating.

The systemic heat exchange of a house or apartment largely depends on the floors, since they are the place of great heat loss.

Concrete is durable and has excellent performance, it is popular for flooring, but it has one serious drawback - the material is very cold. If it is arranged in a residential area, then high-quality thermal insulation is required, otherwise any heating will not be effective.

A cold floor means uncomfortable conditions in the room, significant energy overruns for heating.

In addition, in the absence of insulation and in the apartment on the first floor, located, as a rule, above an unheated basement, dampness may form, and as a result, mold on the walls.

All this can be avoided with a high-quality insulating structure.

Floor insulation work is not impossible. In the presence of necessary materials and tools, any owner can handle it on their own.

Which heater is better to choose?

There are several types of insulation, produced in the form of blocks, bulk materials, rolls, and even in liquid form. Each of them is quite suitable for warming the cold floor of the first floor.

Mats and slabs

Insulators of this type have low thermal conductivity and low weight, they are the best suited for insulating the concrete floor of the first floor.

They can be used in conjunction with thin roll materials, which increases the overall thermal insulation.

Heaters in the form of mats and plates are made of foam, mineral wool, basalt fiber, based on expanded polystyrene and other composite materials.

Since ancient times, mats made from plant fibers, such as straw, which is an excellent environmentally friendly insulation, have been used to insulate floors in private homes. The only negative is that organic matter decomposes over time.

Loose insulation

Bulk materials include sawdust, foam chips, slag and others.

They are used for floor insulation in apartments on the first floor, as well as in private houses.

The advantage of bulk insulation is that they completely fill the space between the bars of the crate.

This material is suitable for placement on open ground under the floor in a private house, and in apartments with an unheated basement below.

Roll materials

Expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, cork or cork-based composite mats, multi-layer foil insulation, etc. are produced in the form of rolls.

Some of them have a small thickness, and therefore will not fully cope with the task of retaining heat - they are good to use in addition to thicker heaters.

Rolled mineral wool, 7-10 cm thick, is an excellent thermal insulator, so it is quite suitable for insulation.

Liquid heaters

Cement mortars mixed with foam plastic chips, wood shavings, expanded clay and other light airy materials are used as liquid insulation materials.

The modern version of the liquid insulation is a polymer with a foamed structure - penoizol. To work with it, special equipment is used, with the help of which the cavities between the guides of the crate are filled with material.

How to properly insulate a concrete floor?

When calculating floor insulation, it is necessary to take into account the significant load that all layers of the structure will be subjected to.

For different types The floor insulation material is somewhat different from each other, but the general insulation system for all floors consists in laying materials in the following sequence:

1. The base is a concrete slab.
2. waterproofing layer.
3. Wooden crate.
4. Insulation laid between the guides of the crate
5. (its sheets overlap by 15-25 cm and are glued with special adhesive tape).
6. If the insulation has the thickness of the crate, a counter-rail is nailed to it, which will create a gap between the insulation and the subfloor, allowing ventilation.
7. Draft floor (thick plywood or board).
8. Additionally, a rolled floor can be used under the rough floor. thin insulation, which is spread over the crate.

The method of floor insulation is easy to understand by considering the above graphic diagram.

Features of insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in a private house and apartment

Insulation of concrete floors in a private house and apartment differ in some nuances, but the principle of insulation is basically the same.

If the concrete floors of a private house are insulated, which does not have a basement underneath, then you will have to resort to the use of several materials.

Naturally, it is better to calculate the thickness of the insulation in advance, when building a house, but if the insulation is carried out already in finished premises, it is necessary to prepare the base. The same is done in the apartment:

1. For this, it is removed decorative coating and a thorough revision of the concrete slab is carried out for cracks and chips.
2. The slab is cleaned, and all identified defects are eliminated with a concrete or ready-made repair mortar.
3. After it hardens, it is advisable to treat the surface with a strengthening impregnation - siling.
4. Next comes the waterproofing device - this process is important both for the floor of the first floor of the apartment and for a private house.

The waterproofing layer can consist of a polyethylene film, which should be 15-20 cm on the walls, or a special water-repellent deep penetration primer applied to the floors and lower parts of the walls.

If in an apartment the crate (logs) can be laid directly on the waterproofing, then in a private house it is better to raise it by 5-7 cm.

Floors raised above the concrete slab will allow a thicker layer of insulation material to be laid.

To do this, pieces of timber 5x5x15 cm are laid on the waterproofing, under which it is necessary to lay small pieces of roofing material.

1. Logs are laid on the bars and the entire structure is fixed to the concrete base.
2. Further, with a layer of 12-15 cm, you can lay loose insulation, for example, expanded clay in dry form or with the addition of liquid cement mortar. In the latter case, after filling the space, it is necessary to wait for the layer to harden.
3. Slabs or a rolled version of mineral wool are laid on top of it, which has low thermal conductivity and is an ideal floor insulation for both a private house and an apartment. In addition to it, you can use foam or liquid insulation - penoizol.
4. The top layer of insulation should be below the level of the lag by about 5 mm.
5. Mineral wool is covered on top with a vapor barrier film, which is attached to the logs with staples.
6. The last stage of insulation is the installation of a subfloor, which may consist of boards or thick plywood - this will depend on which finish is chosen.

It is worth noting that if it is assumed, then the rough coating can consist of two layers: boards and plywood.

How best to insulate the wooden floor of the first floor

Wooden floors in modern high-rise buildings are no longer satisfactory, but they are often found in old buildings and in the private sector.

Wood itself is a warm material, but it tends to dry out over time, as a result of which cracks form in the floors, through which drafts penetrate into an apartment or house.

Such floors require insulation work:

• To do this, it is necessary to lift the existing old coating. If it is in good condition, after the warming process, it can be installed back.
• After removing the boards, the logs are inspected and, if necessary, replaced with new ones. Then they are treated with antiseptic antifungal agents and allow time to dry.
• Insulation is laid or poured on the base of the floor.

  If the logs are high enough, you can arrange two layers of insulation, the lower of which will be bulk, and the upper one will be made of foam or mineral wool slabs.

• The next step is to cover the insulation with a vapor barrier film, and the floorboard is laid on top.

When building a house, it is better to insulate wooden floors immediately, observing all technological rules. The diagram clearly shows the layers of an insulated wooden floor, going in the following sequence:

1. The foundation of the house.
2. Floor beams (logs).
3. Beam for subfloor.
4. Vapor barrier.
5. Draft floor.
6. Insulation.
7. On top of it is a waterproofing film.
8. Batten.

Basement insulation

If the apartment is located above the basement, it is possible to insulate the floor from its side.

On the ceiling of the basement under the apartment, you can strengthen the insulation.

For this procedure, foam, foam flex or mineral wool is suitable.

• Styrofoam is glued to the basement ceiling using special glue. After it dries, all the gaps between the plates are sealed with mounting foam.

With the help of mineral wool, you can also insulate the floors from the basement, but this will be more difficult and expensive.

• Bars are fixed to the ceiling at a distance of the width of the mineral wool, minus 5 cm. This is necessary so that the insulation mats fit tightly between them.
• In order for the insulation to hold securely, fiberboard or thin plywood is strengthened on top of it on the logs. Along the edge of the structure, along the walls, all the gaps formed are sealed with mounting foam.

In order for the insulation work to be effective, you need to know a few nuances on which the desired result will depend.

1. The first thing to do when starting floor insulation in an apartment on the ground floor is to examine the walls of the basement.

If cracks, chips, and possibly even holes are found on them, they must be repaired with cement-based mortars, mounting foam, or, if necessary, apply brickwork.

Basement air vents winter period can be covered, but they cannot be completely closed.

1. If insulation is being done in a private house, under which there is a basement, the floor should be additionally insulated from the outside, i.e. fix the insulation on the ceiling of the basement.
2. Need to know what's high thermal insulation properties has a low density foam, due to its porous air structure.
3. We must not forget about the installation of a vapor barrier, which must be installed correctly, and be sure to glue the joints with special adhesive tape.
4. It is impossible to close the holes completely ventilating the subfloor, otherwise condensation may form under the floor covering or on the insulation itself.

In order not to make any mistakes, before starting work, you need to study its technology, calculate everything required parameters in accordance with the chosen method of thermal insulation and the type of insulation material.

If your apartment is located on the ground floor, there is no need to postpone work on floor insulation. Sooner or later, cold and dampness will settle in the room, and along with them, fungus and mold will appear on the walls of the premises, and it will be very difficult to get rid of them.

The first floor of apartment and private houses in Russia is traditionally colder than the next ones. This is mainly due to the lack of thermal insulation during the construction of horizontal building envelopes. If you correctly insulate the floor of the first floor, then you can prevent the appearance of dampness and reduce heat loss in an apartment or in the rooms of a private house by 20%.

The first floor of apartment and private houses in Russia is traditionally colder than the next ones.

Thermal insulation of the floor is best done at the construction stage. But, if this moment is missed, then it is better to arrange the insulation of the floor of the first floor from the side of the basement.

This method of thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor in a private house is an effective protection of the floor from heat loss and allows you to maintain the height of the ceiling in the living room.

How to properly insulate the floor from the basement side and what materials to use? As a heater, you can use building materials from synthetic trace elements or based on natural raw materials, namely:

• mineral wool;
• Basalt wool;
• Styrofoam;
• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex).

If you insulate a wooden floor from below, then you must first perform preparatory work. The wood is highly flammable and susceptible to harmful insects, and therefore the preparation consists in repairing or replacing rotted areas, as well as impregnating the beams with antiseptic and flame retardants.

Then a layer of waterproofing material is attached between the beams - polyethylene or foil film. The sheets of the waterproofing agent are overlapped, while the edges should go to the ends of the beams by about 15–20 cm. From the bottom, from the basement, slabs of mineral or basalt wool are inserted between the beams.

The entire area of ​​the insulated surface is overlapped with canvases of vapor barrier materials and fixed with nails with a wide hat. The joints are sealed with a special adhesive tape. Counter-rails and flooring elements are stuffed on top.

Floor insulation from the basement on a concrete floor can be performed without wireframe. The ceiling is cleaned of dust and dirt, leveled with plaster and coated with a deep penetration primer. Then paste over with foam plates, placing them tightly to each other. The gaps are filled with special glue with pieces of insulation. Next, a vapor barrier layer is attached, observing the conditions of tightness. Finish coat can be made from cement mortar, fixing a pre-reinforced mesh or stuffing a crate and boards.

Insulation of the floor located above the ground

How to insulate the floor on the ground floor if there is no underground in a private house? In this case, the floor insulation on the first floor is performed according to the following scheme:

• Disassemble the existing floor;
• level the soil and compact;
• covered with a layer of roofing material;
• expanded clay is poured with a layer thickness of 10 - 15 cm;
• lay a reinforcing layer of mesh - chain-link;
• arrange a concrete screed;
• cover the screed with waterproofing material;
• mount the rack frame;
• heat-insulating material (mineral wool, basalt wool or penoplex) is put into the compartments of the frame;
• covered with a layer of vapor barrier building material;
• boardwalk installation.

The edges of the strips of roofing material should overlap each other and on the side surface of the foundation along the perimeter of the room by 15 - 20 cm. The joints and edges are poured with melted bitumen.

As a waterproofing material, a polyethylene or foil film is used, and for vapor barrier - Izospan V, Yutafol N, TechnoNikol. Expanded clay is shed with cement milk, and the subsequent insulating layer is made of foam plastic or extruded polystyrene foam boards, laying them as tightly as possible and fastening them with tongue-and-groove ends. The joints between the plates of the heat insulator, in order to eliminate cold bridges, are sealed with special glue with pieces of material.

Protecting the floor from heat loss in a private house from the side of the room

Perform floor insulation wooden house from the side of the room it is possible with the help of rolled mineral wool, the width of which is 1 cm more than the width between the lags. How to insulate a wooden floor with your own hands? The insulation technology is quite simple and consists of the following steps:

• Dismantling of the old wooden floor. The boards are inspected, the old paint is removed, sanded and impregnated with an antiseptic and fire retardant solution.
• Cleaning the rough base from debris and dust.
• Inspection of logs, their repair and replacement of rotten areas.
• Treatment of logs with antiseptic and fire retardant composition.
• Laying polypropylene film. The film sheets are fixed to the logs with a construction stapler, the joints are glued with special adhesive tape.
• Heater installation. Mineral wool is tightly invested between the floor joists in a wooden house.
• Vapor barrier device. The vapor barrier membrane material Izospan B or Yutafol N is spread with a continuous cover, with the mirror side to the top. The canvases are attached to the logs with a stapler and the joints and edges are sealed with adhesive tape.
• Installation of a fine plank covering and installation of skirting boards.

Basement floor insulation

The main condition for choosing a heater for buried ground floor is its water resistance. Therefore, the insulation of the floor of the basement floor is carried out using a heat-insulating material based on synthetic raw materials - polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam (foam foam).

Work is carried out according to the following scheme:

• The soil is leveled and compacted;
• arrange a sand cushion and compact in layers;
• pour a screed of cement mortar or concrete;
• perform waterproofing with sheet bituminous material, with a swim on the walls;
• mount foam or foam slabs, fastening between them with tongue-and-groove ends;
• lay reinforced mesh;
• perform a finishing screed of concrete with a thickness of at least 30 mm.

The walls of the foundation and basement are dug out from the outside, cleaned of dirt, coated with bitumen 2 times and a waterproofing layer is laid.

Then they are pasted over with expanded polystyrene plates, the joints are foamed. finishing perform plaster on a grid or veneer with porcelain tiles. Lay around the perimeter of the foundation drainage pipes on a gravel base.

Floor insulation in a two-level apartment

In modern duplex apartment it is important to properly insulate the floor, especially if the technical floor is located under it. You can effectively insulate the floor on the ground floor of the apartment with the help of extruded polystyrene foam boards under the screed or lay them between the logs of wooden floors.

First, the concrete base is cleaned of dust and dirt and, if necessary, leveled with a cement screed. Then coated with a deep penetration primer. Next stage- implementation of a waterproofing layer from sheets of polyethylene or foil film, laid with an overlap. Foam boards are mounted on top, connecting them with tongue-and-groove ends.

The gaps are filled with special glue with pieces of insulation. Next, the floor surface is covered with a vapor barrier membrane, sealing its joints and edges with reinforced tape, on top of which a reinforced mesh is fixed and a cement mortar or concrete screed is poured. You can make the floor insulation in the apartment more efficient if you bury pipes with circulating water or a self-heating cable into the screed.

With this type of insulation, a water or electric coolant is attached to reinforced mesh, and then arrange a screed. After the layer of cement or concrete mortar has completely dried, a fine flooring is performed.

Insulation of the second floor is carried out only if the apartment is located above cold attic. Thermal insulation of the floor located between the first and second floor apartment building, doesn't make sense.

Thermal protection of the flooring with bulk insulation

You can insulate the floor in an apartment or a private building on the ground floor with bulk heaters. The technology for performing heat protection measures with such materials is as follows:

• Prepare the surface of the concrete floor and cover with a deep penetration primer;
• broken into compartments with a beam of wood;
• spread in compartments waterproofing material, the edges of which should go to the ends of the beam. Roofing material, glassine, polyethylene or foil film are used as waterproofing.
• fill the compartments to the top with expanded clay or ecowool, compacting in layers. To do this, expanded clay is pre-dried, and ecowool is fluffed in a separate container;
• a vapor barrier material is laid, the joints and edges of which are fastened with a special adhesive tape. Vapor barrier is best done with modern PVC membranes.
• fill the counter-rails for the device of the ventilation gap;
• installation of a finishing coating from a tongue-and-groove floorboard and a plinth.

Thermal protection of the enclosing surfaces of your home is a responsible process that requires a competent approach. Therefore, if you do not know how to insulate an apartment on the ground floor or a private house, contact the experts.

Video on the topic of filling heaters: