What defines character. Human character traits, good and bad. CV Examples

Each person has certain characteristics, which are expressed in emotional manifestations, the selection of specific actions and reactions. All this happens automatically and is defined by people as character traits. There are many personality types for quickly determining what kind of person is happening.

We all know what character is. This is a set of qualities that are inherent in a particular person. Character is developed throughout life. In childhood, he is flexible and quickly changing. Over the years, it acquires greater stability and at the end is fixed .. What is it and what features does this phenomenon have, the article will tell.

What is the nature of a person?

Each person faces the character of another personality. What it is? This is a characteristic of the psyche, which combines permanent and stable qualities that determine the behavior and attitude of the individual. Translated from Greek, character means "feature", "sign". This is a stable characteristic that affects behavior, responses, activities and individual manifestations of a person.

We can say that the character of a person determines the whole life of a person, his fate. They say that fate is predetermined. In fact, a person who does not obey specific rules and strategies creates his own destiny, which he then lives.

By changing the character, you can change the fate, because the character determines the reaction, behavior, decisions of a person that he takes in a particular situation. If you look closely, you can see that people who are similar in character live the same life. Only the details differ, but their ways and behavior are the same.

Character is formed throughout a person's life. At any moment it can be changed, which in adulthood is possible only under the influence of one's own desire and willpower. If a person cannot change his character, then his life does not change and its development is predictable.

Personality traits

The character changes depending on the type of activity, society, social circle, attitude towards oneself and the world as a whole. If any of these aspects change, then this can affect the change in the quality of character. If everything in a person's life remains unchanged, then the character traits remain unchanged.

Personality traits

The character of a person is also formed under the influence of the values ​​and moral beliefs that a person uses. The more stable they are, the more people fixed in their behavior and manifestations. Main Feature personal nature is its certainty, where one can note the leading features, of which there are always several. The certainty of character disappears if there are no stable qualities.

Character is also based on the interests that a person has. The more stable and constant they are, the more a person becomes purposeful, persistent and whole in his manifestations.

You can determine the characteristics of the character of another person by his actions and their orientation. Both the actions and the results that he achieves at the end of their commission are important. They are what characterize a person.

Temperament and personality

The interrelation and character of the personality is looked through. Although these characteristics are determined by the human psyche, they are different values. Temperament is determined by the structure nervous system, which makes it an innate quality, the manifestations of which cannot be changed, but you can just do something.

Character is a flexible aspect that develops throughout life. A person can change it, which is determined by his life activity.

Character is formed on the basis of the temperament with which a person was born. Temperament can be called the basis on which the entire branch of his character traits is built. At the same time, the temperament does not change from external circumstances and the type of activity.

Temperament is characterized by three directions, each of which has its own complex structure:

1. Mobility (activity). It manifests itself in vigorous activity, self-expression, manifestation of oneself, which can be both sluggish and overly active.
2. Emotionality. There is a variety of moods and flow of feelings. Defined:

• Lability is the rate of change from one mood to another.
• Impressibility - the depth of perception of external emotional stimuli.
• Impulsivity - the speed at which an emotion transforms into a motivating force for taking actions without thinking about it and making a decision to carry it out.

1. Motility.

Personality character types

Psychologists of different times tried to identify types of personality characters to identify specific groups of people. E. Kretschmer identified 3 groups of people according to their body type:

1. Picnic people prone to set excess weight, low growth, with a large face, neck, plump. They are easily adaptable to the conditions of the world, sociable and emotional.
2. Athletic people, characterized by well-developed muscles, are tall and broad-shouldered, hardy and with a large chest. They are not impressionable, domineering, calm and practical, restrained in gestures and facial expressions, and do not adapt well.
3. Asthenic people, characterized by thinness and underdeveloped muscles, a narrow face, long arms and legs, a flat chest. They are stubborn and serious, withdrawn and poorly adapted to change.

K. Jung proposed another typology that divides people according to the type of thinking:

• Extroverts. Very sociable and active people who tend to make many acquaintances. They are straight and open. They love to travel, have parties, be the soul of the company. They are guided by objective circumstances, and not by the subjective opinions of people.
• Introverts. Very closed and fenced off from the world people. They have few friends as it is difficult for them to make contacts. Constantly analyze everything that is happening. They are very anxious and prefer solitude.

Another classification divides people into 4 psychotypes depending on their combination of character and temperament:

1. Cholerics are unbalanced, fast, impulsive, passionate people. They are quickly depleted due to the senseless expenditure of strength. Prone to emotional outbursts and mood swings.
2. Phlegmatic people are stable in their manifestations, emotions and views, unhurried, unflappable people. They are inclined to calmness and poise, perseverance in work. Outwardly they do not show emotions.
3. Melancholic people are vulnerable people who are prone to constantly experiencing emotions. Very impressionable, sharply react to external manifestations.
4. Sanguine people are lively, mobile and active people. They react quickly to external circumstances and tend to receive many impressions. Productive at work. Easily tolerate failures and troubles.

The psychological nature of the personality

The changes that occur in the psychological character of a person are divided into regular (typical) and individual (atypical).

Regular changes occur as a person grows up and goes through certain changes in his body. Children's features disappear, being replaced by adults. Childish traits include capriciousness, irresponsibility, fears, tearfulness. For adults - wisdom, life experience, tolerance, reasonableness, prudence, etc.

Much here is determined by the situations that a person often encounters. Communication with people, various circumstances, successes and failures, tragedies determine the change of views and values ​​in a person. That's why people are one age group differ from each other, because everyone had their own life experience. Here individual traits are formed, which depend on the life circumstances through which each person passes.

Traits change faster if they are similar to or include previous traits.

The social nature of personality

The social character of a person is understood as those qualities that should be characteristic of absolutely all people of this or that society. Going into society, a person must show not only individual traits, but also those qualities that are considered acceptable, approved, normal. Such a set is formed by society, the media, culture, upbringing, educational institutions, religion, etc. It should be noted that parents raise their children also depending on the framework and norms that are accepted in society.

According to E. Fromm, the social character of a person is a way of adapting a person to the society in which he is located. This is an unpunished and free way of existence in a particular society. He believed that no society allows a person to realize himself in full force, because he always dictates his own rules and norms, which should be above individual features and desires. That is why a person is always in conflict with society when he must obey in order to be accepted, or tries to protest, which can be punished.

Society will never allow a person to express himself in full force, which prevents him from realizing his inclinations and harms the individual himself. There must be a distortion of character, when everyone adjusts himself to certain limits and norms accepted in society. Only by developing a social character in a person does society make him safe for himself. It is not the personality that is important here, but its safe manifestations, which will be acceptable in society. Otherwise, there will be punishment for any individual self-expression that does not fit into the framework.

Personal character accentuation

Under the accentuation of the character of the personality is understood a set of qualities that are clearly manifested by the individual within the normal range. It is divided into:

• Hidden - traits that appear infrequently or never at all. However, under certain conditions, they can appear.
• Explicit - features that appear to the extreme degree of the norm and are characterized by constancy.

K. Leongrad identified types of accentuation:

1. Hysterical - a thirst for attention, egocentrism, a need for reverence and approval, recognition of individual characteristics.
2. Hyperthymic - sociability, mobility, a tendency to mischief, excessive independence.
3. Asthenoneurotic - anxiety, high fatigue.
4. Psychosthenic - indecision, a tendency to demagogy, analysis and introspection, suspiciousness.
5. Schizoid - detachment, isolation, lack of sociability.
6. Excitable - periodic dreary moods, accumulation of irritation.
7. Sensitive - increased touchiness, sensitivity, shyness.
8. Infantile-dependent - a delay in childhood when a person does not take responsibility.
9. Emotionally labile - mood variability.
10. Unstable - a tendency to idleness, pleasure, entertainment, idleness.

Outcome

The nature of a person often helps in understanding the person himself, since everything revolves around his inner world, which has manifestations in the form of reactions, emotions, behavior, actions, and even achievements that are currently available. Consideration various types character can lead to the following result - a quick and easy understanding of people.

Character is a flexible characteristic that can be changed at any time. It can change both unconsciously and under the influence of the willpower of a person who controls the manifestation of a particular quality. How longer man exhibits a specific quality, the more it is fixed and becomes one of its characteristics that affect the future development of life.

Character is a unique set of qualities that determine the uniqueness and uniqueness of each individual person, his personality and behavior. Understanding the character facilitates the process of communication between people, helps to avoid controversial or conflict situations. The very concept of "character" is of Greek origin and denotes the features of the psycho-emotional manifestation and expression of the individual.

Character traits

Each of us, without much thought, can easily and quickly name various character traits. This list can be very long. But in order to determine the characteristic type of a particular individual, one should know not only its main features, but also be able to designate which of them are defining, and which are only complementary. In modern psychology, there are:

• leading features, which in fact are the determinants of character in general;
• secondary features that complement and individualize a particular personality.

Knowledge of the leading features allows you to determine the essence of all morality, its "backbone".

The presence of two identical traits in two people does not indicate the identity of their disposition. So, both have truthfulness and timidity at the same time. If the former has fearfulness leading feature, then, most likely, he will not outwardly express his disapproval of the actions or behavior of others that contradict his inner convictions. He would rather remain silent, in his soul arguing about the wrongness of those around him. And vice versa, if another has a leading quality of truthfulness, and a secondary timidity, then he will not fail to point out to those around him that they are wrong, fearing only in the depths of his soul the consequences of his statements.

Characteristic features are divided into the following major groups in relation to various household aspects:

• attitude towards people around (tact, friendliness, rudeness, sociability, isolation, sincerity, truthfulness, deceit, etc.);
• attitude to work, activity (responsibility, diligence, dishonesty, laziness, irresponsibility, etc.);
• attitude towards oneself (self-criticism, narcissism, modesty, arrogance, self-confidence, pride, vanity, etc.);
• attitude to property and property (generosity, thrift, accuracy, carelessness, carelessness, etc.).

The dominant group is the first (i.e. attitude towards others), since man is a social being, the main features of his behavior are formed and manifested in society. Evaluation of behavior by others affects the formation and understanding of character as a whole.

character structure

In the structure, features of both individual properties and those common to a certain group of people are distinguished: national, age or professional. The way and way of life, the peculiarities of everyday life, even the language and national structure have their influence on the formation of common features for groups and even for entire nations. So, people of one nationality differ from another in their way of life, habits, type of thinking, etc. At the ordinary level, typical common features create certain stereotypes. Most of us have our own idea about the inhabitants of a particular country, about their habits and customs: about Italians, French, Japanese, etc.

All this is true to some extent: character is not an innate or hereditary trait, it formed in the process of personality development as a member of a group or community. This is a product of society, which can explain similar or different features in the mores of people of different groups.

accentuation- this is an increased development of certain traits characteristic of the individual. So, there are extroverts (open and sociable people) and introverts (closed and uncommunicative).

There is the following classification of character according to accentuation, according to which the following types of character are distinguished:

1. Hyperthymic. The defining properties of this type are: talkativeness, sociability, such people have well-developed facial expressions. Along with this, such people are often irritable and frivolous, however, they are very energetic and proactive.
2. distymny. The features that define this species are isolation and pessimism. Such people avoid noisy companies, but highly value friendship, they have a heightened sense of injustice. When making important decisions, they are often slow and clumsy.
3. Cycloid. For this type of accentuation, the defining feature is a frequent change of mood, depending on which they are either closed in on themselves, or, on the contrary, sociable beyond measure.
4. Excitable. Distinctive feature this type of accentuation is conflict. Such people are difficult to communicate, often authoritarian in the family, and quarrelsome in the team. They are neat and attentive when they are calm, but in a bad mood they are often irritable and quick-tempered.
5. stuck. These are very intractable individuals who love to teach everyone. Often they are the cause of various conflicts. The demands they make on others (as well as on themselves) are very high.
6. Pedantic. The defining feature of this species is an increased (sometimes excessive) attention to detail. Such people do not strive for leadership, they are conscientious, but they like to grumble for any reason.
7. alarming. Individuals with this type are insecure. They tend to avoid conflict situations, and in such cases they seek support from others. Friendliness and self-criticism are also defining features of their character, but the lack of proper willpower often makes them the subject of jokes or ridicule.
8. Demonstrative. Representatives of this type of character easily make contact, can adapt to any situation, are prone to intrigues. One of their defining properties is self-confidence, which often causes disputes and conflicts. People with this character are artistic and courteous, they have non-standard thinking. They can often be boastful, hypocritical and selfish.

In modern psychology, there are many classifications.

Types of temperament

Temperament has a huge influence on the formation of a particular type of character, which has been noted since ancient world. So, even Hippocrates divided all temperaments into four main types:

1. - a cheerful, cheerful, balanced person, soberly assessing the situation and acting deliberately.
2. Choleric- a person who quickly reacts to external events, often he can be unreasonably harsh and inclined to commit rash acts. As a rule, choleric people are quick-tempered and unbalanced.
3. - a person who is distinguished by emotional stability and endurance. It is almost impossible to bring him out of a state of peace of mind and peace.
4. melancholic- an individual with increased nervous sensitivity, nervous stress and shock are categorically contraindicated for people of this type.

It should be noted, however, that in the so-called pure form, these types of temperaments are extremely rare. As a rule, temperament is mixed (one type may have some features of both phlegmatic and sanguine, both choleric and melancholic).

The relationship between temperament and character of a person

Often the words "character" and "temperament" are compared with each other, often they replace each other.

In psychology, there are four fundamental views on the relationship between them:

1. the unity of temperament and character, their identification (according to the teachings of E. Kretschmer and A. Ruzhitsky);
2. opposition of temperament and character, their antagonism (the teachings of P. Viktorov, V. Virenius);
3. recognition of a person's temperament as the core or element of his character (according to S. Rubinshtein, S. Gorodetsky);
4. recognition of temperament as the natural basis of the whole character (according to L. Vygotsky, B. Ananiev).

Both types of temperament and types of human character depend on the characteristics of his physiology and on the type of nervous system. The character of a person is formed when his temperament is quite developed. Temperament is the basis of character, but does not predetermine it. People with the same type of temperament may have different character traits. The type of temperament can influence the assistance or obstruction for the formation of certain character traits. For example, it is much more difficult for a phlegmatic person to cultivate sociability in himself than a sanguine person, and a choleric person needs much more effort to become balanced than a phlegmatic person, etc.

The character and temperament of a person are closely interconnected with each other, together they make up the individuality of a person, the basis and description of his behavior.

Each person has a unique set of personality traits. In another way it can be called - character. How and when its formation is determined, how it happens, depends on many reasons, which will be discussed below.

All the people we meet in our lives differ in their way of life, thinking, behavior. These differences are largely determined by the character - that is, the totality of the properties of the psyche. Personal qualities determine almost everything that will happen in personal life individual in his relationships with other people. The properties of the psyche make it possible to predict many human actions. But in order to say that a person has this or that character, one must always keep in mind that certain features of his psyche must be constant, and not depend on the situation.

We react differently to different situations, show different traits of character. It also happens that in different situations a person demonstrates the same type of behavior, regardless of its consequences. If any traits become dominant, play an increasing role in behavior and relationships, then they talk about character accentuations. This is the norm, but its extreme, borderline version. Under certain, often negative, circumstances, accentuation degenerates into a personality disorder.

Character is the totality of all the mental, spiritual properties of a person that are found in his behavior.

Character accentuation is an extreme variant of the norm, in which certain character traits are excessively strengthened, as a result of which selective vulnerability is found in relation to a certain kind of psychogenic influences with good resistance to others.

Some personality traits in a person are already manifested from birth, for example, sociability or isolation. From the first days of life, a baby can catch the eyes of his mother, walk, turning to her, demand to take himself in his arms, love to be surrounded by people. Or vice versa, the child may feel comfortable being alone. The character develops in the first years of life, acquiring certain features by the age of three to five.

In many respects it is laid down genetically, children often inherit certain traits of their parents, many personality traits are determined by lifestyle, social conditions, and life circumstances. But the main thing that influences the formation of character is being in a team, communication with other people.

The first team is the family, it is in it that the initially inherent personality traits begin to develop or be suppressed. The formation of character falls on the school and adolescence period, when a person is not just in a team (most often he joins it already in early childhood), but learns to build relationships with people. Based on what values ​​this or that group to which the individual belongs, he will develop certain character traits. It turns out that the character of a person develops throughout his life changing depending on life situations.

Classification and list of character traits

In modern psychology, four groups are defined into which the properties of the psyche can be combined:

1. As a man relates to other people(such character traits as respect - contempt, sociability - isolation, responsiveness - callousness);
2. As a man goes about his business, to work (responsibility - irresponsibility, diligence - laziness, accuracy - dishonesty, a penchant for creativity - a penchant for routine, initiative - passivity);
3. As a man refers to himself(self-criticism - vanity, self-esteem - conceit, modesty - arrogance, etc.);
4. As a man refers to things(careful handling - negligent handling, neatness - slovenliness).

Groups of character traits are combined in different ways, manifest themselves in different ways, but scientists have long tried to derive a typology of human characters. For example, based on physique, constitution. German psychologist Ernest Kretschmer deduced three types of character, which corresponds to a particular physique:

1. Asthenics (schizothymic) - thin, with long limbs. The prevailing character traits are seriousness, isolation, stubbornness.
2. Athletics (ixotimics) - tall, with well-developed muscles, skeleton, proportional addition (calmness, authoritativeness, practicality, restraint).
3. Picnics (cyclothymics) - medium height or short, with short limbs, full or inclined to be overweight, with a large head (sociability, emotionality, sensitivity).

An introvert is an introverted person. He lives in his inner world, little interested in external events.

An extrovert is directed outward, he lives by events, not by experiences, by actions, not by thoughts. They behave differently: an introvert wears practical, discreet clothes, an extrovert - bright, decorative. An introvert is more likely to avoid social interaction while an extrovert seeks it out.

Such a section of psychological science as socionics completely distributes human types, their characters according to their similarity to famous people(there is a type of personality "Napoleon", "Dostoevsky", "Huxley" and many others), each of which has such a mental function as logic, ethics, sensory and intuition.

Strong and weak character

There has long been such a definition of a person as "characterless". What does it mean?

In situations that require overcoming, struggle, some people over and over again show perseverance in achieving the goal, while others stop fighting all the time. In the former, character is fueled by will, that is, firmness, constancy in achieving the goal. The latter do not have such firmness, they do not have an inner core that leads to the goal. The first character can be called strong, the second - weak. People with strong character more likely to get what they want achieve more than weak characters.

Is it possible to "educate" a strong character?

Since it is largely based on temperament, that is, on the characteristics of the nervous system, it all depends on what kind of temperament a person has. Phlegmatic, with its slowness, low reaction rate, it is more difficult, say, to become sociable. While it is difficult for a sanguine person to do routine, monotonous, but important things. Changing character traits requires a lot of work on oneself, it is possible, but, as a rule, a person begins only when he is strongly motivated: for example, a big goal has appeared in his life, or character changes under the influence of strong love.

Character is leading, but not the only characteristic of a person. There is also the mind and actions by which a person is judged. And then the one who is called weak-willed does good deeds or makes an intellectual breakthrough, which, ultimately, is of greater importance to society.

Character is an inseparable whole. But it is impossible to study and understand such a complex whole as character without highlighting individual aspects or typical manifestations (character traits) in it. Character traits are understood as individual habitual forms of human behavior in which his attitude to reality is realized.

Character traits are extremely important to consider and evaluate in conjunction with each other. Each character trait acquires its own meaning, often completely different, based on its relationship with other traits. For example, courage as a character trait takes on a qualitatively different meaning depending on whether it is combined with caution or impulsiveness, with high moral feelings or with a sense of petty vanity. Persistence has a positive meaning only in combination with a high level of ideology and critical thinking; without them, it can degenerate into stubbornness. Caution without a combination of determination can make a person inactive.

Before proceeding to the consideration of individual character traits, consider the characters as a holistic formation. Characters can be considered from the point of view of integrity, highlighting, on the one hand, whole characters, and on the other - contradictory. Whole characters are characters in which there are no contradictions. Such a person is distinguished by the unity of thoughts, feelings and behavior. A person with a contradictory character is distinguished by the presence of contradictions, life goals and motives incompatible with each other, discord in beliefs and behavior, which often leads to internal conflict.

Character traits are usually divided into two main groups.

first group constitute those character traits in which orientation of the personality, i.e. the system of relations to reality(attitude towards society, the team, other people as members of the team; attitude towards work and results, products of labor; attitude towards oneself, one's personality).

Orientation determines the goals and aspirations of a person, but it is also very important whether these goals and aspirations are realized in life, whether a person knows how to overcome obstacles on the way to the goal. Accordingly, allocate second group character trait - volitional traits. Given the dependence on the development of a person's volitional character traits, they speak of a strong or weak character. Weak will gives a negative assessment of the character as a whole, even in the presence of a positive orientation. There is no value in setting high, noble goals if they are not realized in life. At the same time, a strong character with a false orientation will not be a chain quality of a person.

Character traits expressing attitudes towards society, the team, other people. These features are primarily collectivism- a character trait expressing the desire to be in a team, to participate in its life, to fight for the goals that it sets, to provide comradely assistance to all members of the team. The collectivist considers himself as an inseparable part of the team, his personal interests, personal goals and aspirations are subordinate to the interests, goals and aspirations of the team. A student who has this character trait well developed is attached to the team, to his comrades. He willingly helps those who are lagging behind, rejoices in the success of his comrades, and is ready to support them at any moment. It is easy for such a student to refuse actions that bring benefit or pleasure only to him alone to the detriment of his comrades.

negative trait nature, the opposite of collectivism, - selfishness. The actions of an egoist are guided by selfish interests, the desire to primarily take care of personal well-being, of one's own benefit.

Students with the beginnings of selfishness are sometimes found in our school. Here is Katya S. She is distinguished by complete indifference to people. Frankly rejoices at the poor grades of classmates, but their success is painful. Neglects the interests of the class. As a rule, the selfishness of children is a consequence of the wrong behavior of parents, who spoil the child immensely, do not deny him anything, do not accustom him to work. The teacher should pay special attention to such students in time and outline special educational work in relation to them.

Collectivism is associated with such a feature: sensitivity- attentive, sympathetic, caring attitude towards people, their feelings, concerns, constant readiness to help a person, the ability to figure out what kind of help is needed in a particular case.

Sensitivity has nothing to do with softness, with condescension to human weaknesses. Attentive and caring attitude towards a person, respect for him is expressed in the desire to help him correct his mistakes, shortcomings, negative traits. For this reason, direct, honest and fair comradely criticism acts as a special form of a sensitive attitude towards a person, as a means of mutual assistance.

A negative character trait that expresses an unworthy, insensitive attitude towards people - coarseness- a common misbehavior in school age. The reasons for this trait are varied. Mistakes in upbringing have an effect: the lack of tact in relation to adults towards a schoolchild, especially a teenager, insufficient respect for his personal dignity, the desire to suppress his independence in any form, intrusive control and petty guardianship. Teenagers often react with rudeness to the unfair attitude of adults. The teacher should know that along with a really unfair attitude, there are also cases when a student is mistakenly convinced that he has been treated unfairly.

Sometimes the rudeness of schoolchildren is explained by the presence of wrong moral judgments in them. Some guys consider rudeness and harshness a sign of adulthood, masculinity, and directness of character. The rudeness of schoolchildren must be the result of imitation by some adults or comrades. Rudeness must also be the result of weakness of will: often a teenager still does not know how to restrain his feelings, impulses, he is prone to impulsiveness and even to affects.

One of the most important character traits that express a person's attitude to society and other people is honesty. An honest person is characterized by impeccable purity of actions. Honesty is expressed not only in respect for foreign and especially socialist property, which soviet man protects from plunder and damage. An honest person conscientiously fulfills his duties, does not put up with a formal and irresponsible attitude to business on the part of others. Truthfulness, conscientiousness and directness distinguish all the actions of such a person. He never lies, does not cheat, does not deceive, is not hypocritical, keeps his word firmly, is not capable of meanness, never enters into a deal with his own conscience, does not prevaricate.

A positive character trait that expresses an attitude towards people - sociability, if, of course, it is based on a sense of collectivism, and does not come from selfish motives. Sociable people find joy and satisfaction in communication and joint activities with other people and experience a painful feeling of being outside the team.

There are people with opposite traits of character, such as secrecy, secrecy. Closure and secrecy in a schoolchild have different roots. Often this is a manifestation of a melancholic temperament, sometimes a persistent manifestation of resentment at an undeserved punishment or a negative assessment from adults, sometimes a reaction to failure.

Character traits expressing attitude to work. diligence called a character trait expressing the desire to work, this desire is associated with a sense of satisfaction, joy, pleasure from the labor process and its results. Real love to work is combined with conscientiousness and accuracy, the need not just to do the job, but to always do it in the best possible way.

Communist society will be based on the inner need of all its members to work voluntarily for the public good. For this reason, the Party puts at the center of its educational work the development of a communist attitude to work among all members of society. The progressive Soviet person works with genuine enthusiasm, despises loafers, lazybones, and does not put up with a formal attitude to work. Character traits alien to our people, like laziness, carelessness, are expressed in a negative or indifferent, negligent attitude to work, formal performance of tasks.

Hard work acquires special value in combination with such a character trait as initiative. An initiative person is a person with a developed sense of the new. He is creative about work, social activities strives to find more perfect, more productive methods of work, which lies at the basis of a broad innovative movement among our workers, collective farmers.

Opposite initiative character traits - rigidity, conservatism- are expressed in a negative attitude to the new, advanced, in a propensity for routine, a blind attitude towards traditions.

In the process of labor, such a valuable character trait as thrift, which expresses the attitude of a person to the results of his work and the activities of other people. Respecting labor, a person begins to take care of what is created by the mind and hands of a person, seeks to avoid unnecessary, irrational expenditure of materials, tools and products of labor. Thrift is as far removed from prodigality as from a predatory attitude toward material values, and from stinginess and stinginess.

Character traits that express attitude towards oneself. Modesty as a character trait is manifested in the fact that a person never emphasizes or exaggerates his merits, achievements and personal qualities. He is convinced that the people around him are endowed with virtues, perhaps even to a greater extent than he himself. Modesty is simplicity and naturalness in dealing with people, in behavior, costume, manners, and speech.

Humility is closely related to self-criticism i.e. demanding of oneself, the ability to soberly evaluate one’s work, see one’s mistakes, identify one’s shortcomings and, recognizing them honestly and openly, take measures to eliminate them. A self-critical person thinks more not about what he has already achieved, but about what he has not yet achieved.

Modesty should always be combined with self-esteem, self-respect, based on the awareness of their successes in socially useful work, in the struggle for common goals. This gives rise to self-confidence, gives a person the right to respect himself, not to feel worthless, unnecessary. Self-respect, however, has nothing to do with arrogance, arrogance, arrogance - an unjustifiably high assessment of one's personality, exaggerated conceit.

The arrogance, boasting of children is usually the result of adults overestimating the successes of children, their achievements, abilities, constantly emphasizing the superiority of some children over others, praising them.

Volitional character traits. Volitional character traits are expressed in the ability and habit to consciously regulate one's behavior, overcome obstacles on the way to the goals set.

Volitional character traits cannot be evaluated and educated without taking into account the orientation of the personality. The purposefulness and perseverance of a careerist and the courage of a bully are by no means positive traits. Strong-willed traits of character are valuable only under the condition of a morally educated will.

Volitional character traits include purposefulness, independence, determination, perseverance, endurance, courage and courage, discipline(see Ch. XIII).

Character traits - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Character Traits" 2017, 2018.

Each person has a unique set of qualities that define his personality. Interestingly, what are the traits of character, what are the types of qualities and how do they affect the character of a person?

What are the character traits?

Why deal with what character traits exist? In order to be able to determine the type of character of the interlocutor. And knowing what type of character a person has, it is easier to predict his actions, and this will help to avoid various unpleasant situations.

Even without being familiar with the topic, you can name many character traits, how can you understand which of them are decisive for a particular person? In psychology, there are concepts of leading and secondary character traits. That is, not every trait will manifest itself with equal force in human behavior. For example, a truth-loving and timid person will constantly endure ridicule from others, arguing alone with himself how wrong they are, if fear is his leading one. But if truthfulness prevails, then he will tell everyone who they really are, deep down fearing the consequences.

Therefore, character traits are classified in relation to various aspects of life.

1. Attitude towards other people: rudeness, truthfulness, tact, deceit, isolation, sociability, friendliness.
2. Attitude to business: conscientiousness, responsibility, diligence, laziness.
3. Attitude towards oneself: narcissism, self-criticism, modesty, pride, self-confidence.
4. Attitude to property: greed, frugality, generosity, extravagance, carelessness, accuracy.

The main group is the attitude towards other people, because it is in society that the main character traits are formed, without assessing behavior with other people, a person’s character cannot be understood. If a person has some specific character traits overdeveloped, then this is called accentuation.

What is the character of a person with accentuation?

The most famous division into introverts and extroverts, closed and sociable people, respectively. But there is also such a classification of types of human character with accentuation.

4 types of character

It is not easy to figure out what kind of character a person has, because there are many classifications. From school, we know the concepts of choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic - these are types of temperament, but they are often confused with types of human character. Temperament really has a huge impact on character. Therefore, in order to understand what types of character are, it is imperative to take into account the temperament of a person.