Organization of space in the apartment: ideas for proper storage. Original ideas for storing things in a small apartment: convenient storage systems, practical devices How to use space in a small room
Many of us, whether voluntarily or out of necessity, live in small apartments. And most likely we are looking for various ways make your small home comfortable with a minimum amount of furniture and a maximum of amenities.
In order not to dump clothes outside the door or on chairs, not to think about how and where to put winter or summer shoes and clothes, as well as to save space, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the tips that are relevant for many on organizing compact storage of things (shoes, clothes, books, all kinds of small things) using a variety of systems, methods and devices.
Let's talk about how to organize and put things in order in the house with the help of storage systems when arranging a small space and make it cozy and functional so that the residents are comfortable enough and all things are placed practical, compact and at hand.
Built in furniture
Built-in and hanging cabinets have been relevant for a number of years. They store as kitchenware and household appliances.
Trolleys are a new and mobile storage option. They are installed indoors, and at the right time they are easy and simple to move.
Storage system, photo
The main characteristic of built-in furniture is its functionality with small dimensions.: the closet, as a rule, occupies the minimum area in the apartment, and you can put all the necessary things and objects in it, both for everyday use and those that are used only occasionally.
Furniture of this type looks like part of the housing itself and fits perfectly into the overall design of the room.
Built-in modules provide plenty of storage space. They can be combined and coordinated with the overall decor of the room and occupy the entire wall without reducing the area.
Built-in furniture perfectly adapts to your needs.
A big advantage is the right lighting, which is integrated into such furniture.
Before making such structures, it is necessary to plan what exactly will be stored in them and in what form, whether it will be shelves, racks, drawers. It can be both clothes and shoes, and household items, tools, sports equipment (skates, skis, tennis rackets, etc.).
Advice. Thanks to the presence of shelves of different sizes, using boxes and baskets of different sizes, other storage devices, you can sort and fold shoes according to seasons; the same applies to clothing, including socks, tights, belts and other small items.
Sleeping bed used as storage for bed linen. The space below it (usually these are boxes designed to store pillows and blankets, other bed linen) is an excellent place to store various things there, each of which has its own part, so the order in such containers is guaranteed, and you can always find the item you need.
Built-in furniture (cupboards and niches with shelves) is a great solution for hiding a washing machine or dishwasher - both in the kitchen and in the bathroom. This greatly increases the space, and the overall design of a small room remains beautiful and uncluttered.
Multifunctional cabinets
Storage cabinets are one of the most common furniture categories. They are:
- high;
- low;
- small;
- large;
- case;
- built-in.
Today, the most common is the closet, which contains numerous personal items and household items. AT small apartments is the best and most practical solution.
With such a closet in the house there will always be order and cleanliness, because its main characteristic feature is spaciousness and convenience, and it also takes up very little space.
A built-in wardrobe is a necessary piece of furniture in small apartments. This closet will be a highlight in the interior, as it helps not only to hide your things from strangers, but also significantly save room space.
How to organize the space in the closet? Since cabinets of this kind are made to order, and manufacturers leave the customer the right to choose the model and internal device design, it is better to foresee the number and location of shelves and drawers.
In the photo - one of the examples of compact internal filling of the cabinet, reminiscent of a dressing room:
Manufacturers can help calculate the right number of shelves and hangers for clothes, boxes and containers of different sizes for shoes, underwear and sports equipment. They can store mattresses, blankets, barbecue and barbecue sets and other household utensils.
Surely you will be offered already tested options that have been approved by more than a dozen buyers. Listen to their advice too.
We store things in a small kitchen
In a small kitchen, there is a lot of space for saving kitchen utensils: in the area working area, under the dining table and under the window, as well as on the walls of the kitchen. An excellent offer of modern designers are traveling shelves. Thanks to their presence, easy access to any area of deep corner cabinet. Such a furniture set greatly simplifies the life of housewives, allowing you to compactly place dishes, household appliances, and washing accessories in the kitchen.
Comfortable and plastic containers different sizes: they are useful for storing food, coffee and tea, spices, detergents and washcloths for dishes and furniture.
Advice. A separate box should also be provided for the necessary culinary literature, so that even recipes are always at hand when cooking.
Pull-out shelves - a good idea: they increase the usable area of kitchen cabinets, they store kitchen utensils, and on the doors you can install narrow shelves and holders for a cutting board, pot lids, which is quite practical and convenient.
Partition shelving
This is another innovative proposal, thanks to which you can divide the room into two functional areas, and store books, candlesticks, flower vases, cosmetics and much more on the shelves. Important feature shelving is that everything the contents of the shelves do not spoil, but emphasize the beauty of the interior.The use of decorative curtains will create a unique atmosphere of well-being and order.
Book Storage Ideas
How and where to store books in a small apartment? Although today we are increasingly giving preference to electronic rather than printed publications, however fiction is always present in our homes, and we offer several options for storing books in a small apartment:
Fantasize, experiment and you will definitely succeed in arranging your own interesting closet for books, thanks to which the apartment will not be cluttered, and its design will look interesting and stylish.
Bathroom storage
In a small apartment, bathrooms often also have a small area, and if the order in a small bathroom is out of control, then you can resort to different options storing items such as razors and combs, detergents and toilet paper in it.
Here are some of the suggestions:
Hooks on the wall
Such a mount on the walls of a small apartment is practical solutions the issue of storing clothes, hats, bags, umbrellas and other things.
Modern designers suggest using hooks for clothes in an apartment furnished in a free and relaxed boko chic style, which uses unusual combinations of colors and arrangement of objects and reflects the essence of the owner himself.
Read and see examples in the photo, how to make a house cozy with your own hands,.
Best Tips organizing storage:
Numerous ideas and plans for where to put things, allow you to choose the most suitable in each individual case. And no matter which one you choose, do not forget where and what you put, as each thing should have its own place. Only with such a solution to the issue, a small apartment will always be uncluttered, and it will look beautiful and comfortable.
Living in a small apartment is a manifestation of a strong character, patience, endurance of household members, as well as the ability to create order and a comfortable atmosphere in a small space.
Advice. Try not to clutter up your apartment (especially a small area) with unnecessary gizmos and objects. Try to get rid of some of them.
But if this fails, then the tips suggested above will help you create a unique interior, where every thing is in its place and is securely hidden from prying eyes.
Let the above suggestions and ideas inspire you to create the perfect living environment and put your home in perfect order.
photo gallery
We offer you to see a selection of photos from original solutions and unique ideas for compact arrangement of things from the smallest to the most massive - for your inspiration:
The tiny house has two significant advantages: it is environmentally friendly and economical.
Small spaces are easier to customize, and if you also have a mobile home, you can move it to any place you want to live.
But there are a number of challenges in a tiny house, and one of them is finding a place for all your belongings, and most importantly, creating extra space! After all, you don't want your house to be a permanent mess.
Instead, you want more open space so that you can move around normally and breathe deeply.
There are several solutions. And they all rest on the design of a particular tiny house. Large open windows, glazed doors, sliding walls allow you to integrate the interior of the house with the environment.
The vertical design creates spacious interiors that are still suitable for small parties. And, of course, the whole art of creating so-called smart spaces.
And that's what I want to talk about today: elegant and unexpected storage solutions that are dual purpose and maintain open spaces and airiness, even in the smallest of homes.
Let's take a look at 40 ingenious ideas that are perfect for your tiny house or other small space like a small studio apartment or a compact motorhome.
1.Find smart solutions for natural lighting.
For specialty furniture, look at this photo, this storage cube and drawer structure is built around a window.
This is ingenious, as most builders would have closed this window completely or looked for blank walls to build cubes. But there is no reason for this, the window still performs two functions: it transmits light and forms a useful shelf, as an additional storage space.
2. This A-frame integrates structural reinforcement with storage.
Look at this tiny A-shaped house. This is a picture of the kitchen. Here you see beams supporting the structure, which also act as shelves.
3. Open top shelves create a feeling of more space.
This kitchen includes a great tiny house storage concept - real cabinets - but without walls. They are just open cubes. The idea works on several levels. First of all, you see through the shelves. They don't intrude on your sense of open space like regular cabinets do. And, secondly, you immediately take what you need without worrying about the doors.
4. Use both sides of the shelf.
When you look at a shelf, you think what to put on it. Have you ever wondered what can be placed under a shelf? It's easy to think of a board as a closed surface, but in reality every board has two surfaces - a top and a bottom. Here's a great way to maximize your kitchen storage space.
5. Storage space under the bench is extra space and convenience.
This tiny room is inside the Cedar Mountain Tiny House built by New Frontier Tiny Homes (best known as Alpha Tiny House). Please note that this looks like a normal bench at first glance, but if you pull the lid up, you'll find additional storage underneath.
6. The optimal solution is modular furniture.
This is a smart storage solution from Pin-Ups Houses. Look at these little modules. You can move them around the room as needed and make them into a bed, or a sofa, or a bench. Alternatively, you can remove the pillows and stack them along the wall. Each such module is hollow inside, so you can easily fill it with your things. As your needs change, your storage will adapt to them. Very cool!
7. Move this closet inside or outside the house.
Another "smart" idea. Look at this table in Vina's tiny house. Tina House. You see, this house has a lot of storage space, but I want to draw your attention to this locker to the right of the chair. It has wheels on the bottom. This is a mobile cabinet. If you don't need it, you can roll it back wherever you want. Now that's what I call ingenious "tiny" storage.
8. Bathroom cabinets next to the shower create more storage space.
In a tiny house, it's hard to find room for a full bathroom with a working shower, and finding a place for a bathtub is even harder. But surprisingly, in the house in the photo there is a full-fledged bathtub and even shelves for storage. This is how tiny house lovers create extra spaces.
9. Understairs storage boxes are a tiny house classic.
This is the most famous tiny house storage idea. Indeed, if you start reading blogs about tiny houses, you will see them in almost every home. But that doesn't mean you shouldn't talk about them. This is an ingenious idea that saves a lot of space, and architects should take note of it.
10. Toilet built into the bench.
This is a great idea, firstly, because the design of the bench makes the toilet more attractive (it fits better with the bathroom decor). And secondly, it gives you some space on both sides where you can store your things.
11. Be mindful of shelves under the ceiling and rollaway beds.
One great tiny house storage idea that works well in any small space is ceiling shelving.
When you first glance at this photo, you don't even notice the bookshelf, it stays away. But, when you stand on the bench, you can still get to the books. Also note the folding bed. In the daytime, it can be raised to the wall. Although beds like this one have been around for centuries, people tend to forget about them.
12. Replace walls with cabinets.
If you are building a tiny house, then there is no reason to leave empty spaces on the wall.
You see, in this house, almost the entire wall consists of cabinets of various sizes. This allows you to create enough storage space and leave the floor clean and open. If you already have a home, then add even more cabinets to increase storage space.
13. Make retractable drawers under the couch.
How I love those drawers under the couches! They offer additional storage, and no need to install a large number of shelving.
14. You can hang items in the kitchen.
Look at those pots and pans hanging from the ceiling, not to mention all the mugs hanging under the shelf in the background. These are items that do not need to find a place in a closet or on shelves. Also note the "smart" wine storage on the left. Very cool!
15. Use baskets and boxes.
Sometimes you have shelves without drawers at your disposal. In some cases, you can use them as they are, but in other situations, it makes sense to purchase several boxes or baskets. What for? You can stuff them with things without making a mess. And on the outside, everything will look neat.
16. Here is another way to make storage under the couch.
I have already talked about some good storage under the sofa / couch. And here's another way you can use it. I like this idea for several reasons. First of all, cubes create more separate storage compartments and you will be able to better organize your stuff. Secondly, I like that the sofa rises above the floor. There is no reason not to take advantage of this idea and it gives you more storage space.
This idea is somewhat similar to the one I outlined in paragraph 16. There is extra space under the bed. It is similar to the sleeping quarters usually found in student dorms or small hostels. Under the bed there is a lot of space, which is entirely at your disposal.
18. These drawers hide tons of storage space.
This is a system with drawers from under the bed. They are long, for the entire length of the bed, easily and quickly leave. This gives you access to the entire space under the bed.
19. Storage room in the stairs.
I've already talked about stair storage, but this often leads to missed opportunities. Instead of just creating shelves under the stairs, why not leave a lot more space that can function as small cabinets.
20. Here is another great example of modular cubes.
I want to show you another example of modular cubes. Check out some of the configurations you can make using cubes - each with storage inside.
21. Install a special railing and hang dishes and kitchen utensils.
When you install kitchen cabinets It's easy to forget that there are other options for storing kitchen utensils and utensils. One simple idea for versatile and unobtrusive storage is this: just install a kitchen railing on one of your walls. You can hang whatever you want on it. He takes up almost no space. Therefore, when not in use, you are unlikely to notice it.
22. Use modules to increase the guest bed.
Yes, modules again! But this is such a great example! These modules can be moved around to create the perfect guest bed.
23. Hide more things under the floorboards.
Many storage spaces in tiny houses need to be considered during the planning process and may not be suitable for finished houses or apartments. But if you're just planning on building, consider adding extra storage under the floorboards.
24. Add a shelf under the sink.
There are no items on the shelves in this photo, but placing them under the sink is very ingenious. You can of course install drawers too, but those long open shelves seem to create more extra space.
25. Just raise this bed for extra space.
Do you have a high bed? No need to go to the store and buy it. You can redo the one you already have. Here is an example of a bed that was raised on concrete blocks. These blocks are stable enough to support a bed, and they're hollow inside so you can put stuff in there.
26. Use this original retractable cabinet in the bathroom.
Would you like to have an extra closet in the bathroom? In the photo, this “smart” storage space is located where we usually have empty space.
27. Hide a toilet plunger in the wall.
In my toilet, everything is usually piled up in one pile: a plunger, a toilet brush and a cleaner. I always thought it would be great to find a way to organize these items. But in my small toilet I thought it was impossible until I saw this photo. Look, all these important items are simply hidden in a cabinet built into the wall. Unfortunately, they are not sold in Russia.
28. Pay attention to this vault on the one and a half floor in Shenandoah Tiny House.
I've shown you some examples of under floorboard storage, but this is one of the best extra places I've seen. Watch the video I posted below.
Starting at 1.57 you will see an amazing underground storage located on the one and a half floor (sleeping attic). These storage compartments are huge and can completely replace cabinets. This gives a lot of free space, and removes the claustrophobia that can happen if you furnish everything sleeping place big boxes.
For the attention of readers, there are even more fresh and frankly incredible ideas on how you can and should organize space in a small apartment. Each of these tips is good in its own way and in fact can be useful not only for residents of modest premises.
1. Lessons in disguise
The main rule for arranging small spaces is minimalism and functionality. Therefore, the owners of small hallways should give up too large cabinets, open shelves and hangers as they create a feeling of clutter and chaos. Nai best solution for such spaces, there will be a modern built-in wardrobe with a smooth facade in the color of the finish or a medium-sized tall wardrobe with a mirrored facade.
2. Let the light in
All owners one-room apartments sooner or later they face the issue of space planning and zoning. In such cases, the best solution would be translucent plastic or glass partitions, which will help divide the area of the room without preventing the penetration of natural light.
3. Open space
A great idea for small apartments is to partially demolish the wall and install sliding doors. AT open form such doors will create the illusion of freedom and spaciousness. Sliding structures can also be used by the owners of now popular studio apartments in order to zone the available space as ergonomically as possible.
4. Invisible furniture
When choosing furniture for a small apartment, pay attention to objects with glossy, metal and mirror facades, as well as products made of transparent glass and plastic. Such a trick will visually reduce the size of the selected item, making it almost invisible.
5. Shelving
When choosing shelving for a small apartment, pay attention to high models that will take up all the space from the floor to the ceiling. Otherwise, the rack will "cut" the space and visually reduce the height of the ceiling. In addition, high shelving without walls can be used for zoning rooms.
6. Open dressing room
save valuable square meters in a small bedroom, the refusal of a wardrobe will help. Instead, it is better to pay attention to the ideas of organizing an open dressing room. These can be finished products in the form of original floor hangers or simple designs, which are easy to implement with your own hands.
7. Functional furniture
The modern furniture production market is actively working for the benefit of society, offering consumers more and more ideas for saving space. One example of such furniture is this bright and modern loft bed with a shelf, a chest of drawers, a fold down table and a wardrobe underneath. Such a bed will be an excellent solution for arranging a children's corner in a small apartment.
8. Bright details
Don't be afraid bright colors and turn the design small room in "the cult of minimalism in bright colors." Professionals say that the presence bright details in decoration and decor will have a beneficial effect on the interior small space, will make it interesting, lively and dynamic.
9. Closer to the floor
The use of low furniture is another effective reception to create a stylish and comfortable environment in a small room with a low ceiling. Ideally, such furniture should also be slightly off the floor. Such a trick will create a comfortable atmosphere for life and not violate the non-standard parameters of the room.
10. Heavy curtains
The owner of small apartments should not be afraid to use heavy curtains. On the contrary, long thick curtains in a contrasting color will draw attention to the window, which is a direct source of light, visually raise the ceiling and become a cozy part of the room.
11. Light partitions
People who started overhaul, you should think about the partial demolition of the walls and their replacement with stylish lightweight partitions that will allow you to divide the area into zones, while maintaining lightness and a sense of freedom.
12. Additional Resources
In conditions of limited space, you need to think outside the box and use any resources. For example, the bottom of a sofa or bed can be used to create a roomy storage system for linens, seasonal clothes, or books.
13. Transforming furniture
Stylish design with lifting bed, shelves and cabinets will be a real find for the owners of a one-room apartment. Of course, such a bed will cost a little more than a regular one, but buying it will save a lot of space and make your home more functional.
Video bonus:
14. Lockers with secrets
A kitchen set with retractable countertops will be a real find for owners of small kitchens. This hidden resource can be used as an additional work surface or instead of a massive one. dining table, for which there is no way to find a place in a small kitchen.
15. In the corners
Pay attention to the corner space of your apartment. Empty corners are a waste that only owners of huge choirs can afford. In a small apartment, corners need to be used wisely, for example, to build a large bookcase.
Video bonus:
It can completely replace all cabinets and chests of drawers in a single room, because the area is used rationally, besides, you can also choose the filling of the dressing room yourself - depending on the number and type of things your family has.
2 Combine the living room and bedroom using zoning
Do not refuse, at 20 meters it is quite possible to allocate space and highlight several zones: both the bedroom and the living room. There are several ways to conditionally divide a room.
1. Partitions
They can be made from the most different materials: drywall, wooden slats, glass (frosted or transparent). Original - if the partition is at the same time in the bedroom area.
If there is only one window in the room and you want natural light to penetrate into both areas, make a non-continuous partition or decorate a false window in it.
Tip: it is better to arrange the sleeping area in that part of the room that is closer to the window. natural light and Fresh air much more important for healthy sleep and pleasant awakening.
2. Curtains
With the help of fabric, functional zones can be separated. The advantage of this method is visual ease and fast transformation. If you need to visually divide the room - close the curtain. If you want more space - open it.
3. Screen
This is a budget and easy way. Screens can be wooden slats, patterned or plain. If necessary, they can be easily folded and put away in a closet or moved to the corner of the room.
4. Open shelving
Lightweight shelving with open shelves will not create a feeling of bulkiness and is perfect for zoning. In addition, it is easy to use it as an additional storage place: books, useful little things(just put them in pretty boxes and they won't create visual noise in the room).
5. Color
different shades in two rooms can be used in, flooring, furniture selection. It is better not to combine contrasting opposite colors, but to choose shades from the same palette.
6. Podium
Most often, a bed is placed on the podium - thus, it is visually separated from the whole room. Build a podium 10-20 cm above floor level.
The easiest way is to divide the room into several parts with the help of light. For each zone, choose your lighting scenarios: for example, in the bedroom, a sconce over the bed or desk lamp on the bedside table, and in the living room - a floor lamp by the sofa. But do not forget to think about the general lighting, you will need it.
3 Leave space for your desktop
Be sure to leave with a laptop. At 20 meters, it will definitely fit, and it carries a considerable functional load. First, you may need your workplace at home - who knows, maybe you decide to go freelancing. Secondly, desk can be converted into a dressing table.
Where is the best place to put a table? Closer to the window.
4 Use functional furniture
Putting furniture "for beauty" in a odnushka is a dubious idea. Even with a rather large 20 meter room. Let each item fulfill a functional role. For example, the pouffe will have a folding mechanism and storage space, and storage boxes under the bed.
5 Opt for transformative solutions
It's better to spend a little more money, but buy a sofa with a folding mechanism or a sliding table. You may want to leave guests for the night or your parents will visit you. Pay attention to folding tables - so the workplace can be easily folded and it will not take up space. The most popular transformer is a bed in a closet, but if you have already put a full bed in it, there is no need for it.
6 Make a children's area
If you plan to replenish, most likely, some zone will have to be abandoned. It’s better to make a full-fledged bedroom with a dressing room in the room and put a crib with all the necessary accessories (chest of drawers and a changing table, shelves for children’s things and hygiene products). Where, then, to organize the living room? In modern odnushki, it will fit in the kitchen. Even the hallway can be used for this purpose.
7 Use the window sill
Don't underestimate this functional space. In a 20-meter room, using a window sill, you can save space for a desktop, a dressing table, and also arrange a place to relax there. You will find some more useful ideas here.
8 Use storage systems
If a family of three lives in a odnushka, one closet is definitely not enough. How to place all things and at the same time leave a place to "live"? Make storage systems to order - for example, decorate the window with shelving and shelves, equip cabinets around the sofa in the living area, remember what mezzanines are - storage space above the door.
fresh and incredible ideas about how you can and should organize space in a small apartment. Each of these tips is good in its own way and in fact can be useful not only for residents of modest premises.
Disguise Lessons
Large closet in the hallway
The main rule for arranging small spaces is minimalism and functionality. Therefore, the owners of small hallways should give up too large cabinets, open shelves and hangers as they create a feeling of clutter and chaos. The best solution for such spaces is a modern built-in wardrobe with a smooth front in the color of the finish or a medium-sized tall wardrobe with a mirrored front.
Let the light in
Translucent partition All owners of one-room apartments sooner or later face the issue of space planning and zoning. In such cases, the best solution would be translucent plastic or glass partitions, which will help divide the area of the room without preventing the penetration of natural light.
Opening space
Sliding doors in the interior of a small apartmentA great idea for small apartments is to partially demolish the wall and install sliding doors. Opened, such doors will create the illusion of freedom and spaciousness. Sliding structures can also be used by the owners of now popular studio apartments in order to zone the available space as ergonomically as possible.
invisible furniture
Masking large furniture
When choosing furniture for a small apartment, pay attention to objects with glossy, metal and mirror facades, as well as products made of transparent glass and plastic. Such a trick will visually reduce the size of the selected item, making it almost invisible.
Shelving
High shelving in the interior of a small apartment
When choosing shelving for a small apartment, pay attention to high models that will take up all the space from the floor to the ceiling. Otherwise, the rack will "cut" the space and visually reduce the height of the ceiling. In addition, high shelving without walls can be used for zoning rooms.
Functional furniture
Functional furniture for small roomsThe modern furniture production market is actively working for the benefit of society, offering consumers more and more ideas for saving space. One example of such furniture is this bright and modern loft bed with a shelf, a chest of drawers, a fold down table and a wardrobe underneath. Such a bed will be an excellent solution for arranging a children's corner in a small apartment.
Bright details
Bright accents in the interior
Do not be afraid of bright colors and turn the design of a small room into a "cult of minimalism in bright colors." Professionals say that the presence of bright details in the decoration and decor will have a beneficial effect on the interior of a small space, make it interesting, lively and dynamic.
closer to the floor
Low furniture for low spaces
Using low-rise furniture is another effective technique for creating a stylish and comfortable environment in a small room with a low ceiling. Ideally, such furniture should also be slightly off the floor. Such a trick will create a comfortable atmosphere for life and not violate the non-standard parameters of the room.
heavy curtains
Long heavy curtains
The owner of small apartments should not be afraid to use heavy curtains. On the contrary, long thick curtains in a contrasting color will draw attention to the window, which is a direct source of light, visually raise the ceiling and become a cozy part of the room.
Light partitions
Light partitions instead of walls
People who have started a major overhaul should consider partially demolishing the walls and replacing them with stylish lightweight partitions that will allow you to divide the area into zones, while maintaining lightness and a sense of freedom.
Additional Resources
Storage system under the sofa
In conditions of limited space, you need to think outside the box and use any resources. For example, the bottom of a sofa or bed can be used to create a roomy storage system for linens, seasonal clothes, or books.
Lockers with secrets
Retractable countertops in the kitchenA kitchen set with retractable countertops will be a real find for owners of small kitchens. This hidden resource can be used as an additional work surface or in place of a massive dining table that can't be found anywhere in a small kitchen.
in the corners
Use of corner space
Pay attention to the corner space of your apartment. Empty corners are a waste that only owners of huge choirs can afford. In a small apartment, corners need to be used wisely, for example, to build a large bookcase.