How to fix stair railings. Handrail for stairs with your own hands. The cost of fences from different materials

No one a private house in two or more floors can not do without stairs. There are many requirements for such structures. And one of the key ones is safety in use, especially if small children live in the house. In order to make the staircase as comfortable and safe to use as possible, as well as to give it a more aesthetic appearance, balusters are installed on it.

This publication will consider the installation of balusters on a wooden staircase with your own hands. Due to the fact that there are various ways installation of these elements, from the information below, it will be possible to choose the most suitable option for a particular case.

What is it - balusters?

To begin with, perhaps in order to broaden one's horizons, it makes sense to figure out what balusters are and where they are used, except for framing flights of stairs. Perhaps this information can be useful when decorating other areas of a private house.

So, balusters are called racks that are small in height, which can have various forms and thickness. They are made from a variety of materials and are used in various areas of the building, depending on the style of its design.

It is interesting that balusters have been used since the construction of the palaces of the Assyrian rulers and to the present day, almost in their original form. With the change in architectural styles, these elements changed shape, the masters applied various materials for their manufacture. But at the same time, their purpose does not change, as well as the former demand in construction.

So, a row of balusters forms a balustrade, which has been widely used since ancient times. And not only when fencing stairs, but also to support roof overhangs. In the latest versions, the balusters had very impressive dimensions and were installed from the base of the facade to the roof. In addition, the balusters installed on the facades also performed decorative functions, setting the exterior design style of the building.

AT last years, with the return of such architectural styles as Russian classicism, baroque and empire, the elements that are integral to these areas are again returning to widespread use. And balusters are among them.

A variety of balusters according to the material of manufacture

If earlier such architectural elements were made of stone, wood or clay, and later they were made from concrete, gypsum and metal, today polymers have been added to these materials (most often these are - polyurethane). And in order to figure out how the racks differ from each other, and which of them can be used on wooden stairs, it is necessary to consider them in more detail.

Gypsum and concrete balusters

Balusters made of concrete and gypsum can be combined into one group, as they are made using the same technology. These types of curly racks are classic version, today they are mainly used for various areas of the exterior design of a building - this can be a fence for balconies, terraces, stairs, as well as cornice lines of flat roofs.

The framework for balusters made of concrete or gypsum is a reinforcing cage. It is laid in a special form, into which the solution is then poured. After removing the finished products from the molds, they, if necessary, are sent to the grinding process.

When completed, the "classic" baluster takes the form of an elongated flowerpot, intercepted in a narrow place by a ring. The creation of this most widespread the shapes of the stair pillars are attributed to the famous Italian scientist, artist and architect Michelangelo.

If the cast balusters are intended for outdoor use, then they are impregnated special formulations and, if necessary, stained.

Prices for balusters

baluster

Previously, similar elements of balustrades and stair railings were made as separate products, which were built into the overall composition. In our time, quite often sections are poured out entirely, and the entire structure of the fence is assembled from them. And, sections can be straight, curved at different angles or semicircular, depending on the shape of the landing of the stairs or balcony, which they must enclose. In order for the sections to be precisely adjusted to the area intended for them, they are most often made to order, with the necessary measurements taken.

The disadvantage of these structures is their quite high price, as well as a very considerable mass of products. Therefore, both single balusters of their plaster or concrete, and sections of them are almost never used to protect wooden stairs.

stone balusters

The most durable, but also the most expensive in price, are stone balusters. They can be made in two ways. The first is by turning products from solid or individual pieces of stone, from which a baluster is then manually assembled. Another option is balusters made from artificial stone. They, by analogy with concrete, are produced by casting. To do this, a special solution is poured into prepared forms. The solution consists of stone chips, sand, cement, fine gravel, and dye. Fiberglass has been most commonly used as a reinforcing agent in recent years.

Balusters made of natural or artificial stone are most often used for stairs or facades lined with the same material. They are ideal for such areas and add a special respectability to the appearance of the building. Stone balusters are not installed on wooden stairs: firstly, because of the rather large weight, and secondly, because stone and wood still do not harmonize very well with each other.

Unlike concrete and plaster, stone products can have a wider range of different shapes.

metal balusters

Metal racks for fencing stairs and other areas of the building are made by forging, casting or welding. They are usually made to order for a specific installation site, according to a pre-drawn sketch and accurate calculations.

Metal balustrades, unlike other products, are used to protect not only stairs and other areas of the house, but also for windows - as protective and decorative grilles. And for this purpose, products made by any of the three listed methods are suitable.

Metal balusters can have various shapes, and be voluminous or flat. The latter option can be found in multi-storey buildings built in pre-revolutionary Russia.

Metal balusters, made of thin elements, may well be used in combination with a wooden staircase. With the right, not excessive combination and proportionality of parts, wood and metal are in perfect harmony with each other.

Prices for metal balusters

metal baluster

Polyurethane balusters

Polyurethane balusters are lightweight and can be given absolutely any shape. In addition, their price is much more affordable, unlike all the above options. Products are made from high density polymer and are not afraid of mechanical stress.

Such balusters consist of a shell made of polyurethane and a supporting frame, which is a metal rod, which gives the product a certain weight, making the product more stable. In addition, the rod, embedded in a polyurethane body, has holes or mounting platforms in its end sides for attaching balusters to the base and railings. Due to the fact that this type of product is lightweight and can be decorated to match any material, it can be used for installation on both stone and wooden stairs.

It is also interesting that polyurethane products can very reliably imitate almost any of the above materials.

Find out how to do it yourself from a new article on our portal.

Wooden balusters

Balusters made from natural wood, are traditional for Russian architectural styles. They can be made in the form of three-dimensional or flat relief elements. Volumetric products are turned from processed round timber, and flat balusters are cut from boards of different thicknesses and widths. That's why various options such products may differ significantly in the method of installation and fastening.

On the facades of private houses built of wood, one can often see balustrades used as balcony railings, consisting of such figured columns. If available in a personal workshop lathe, you can make them yourself.

Flat balusters can also be cut with your own hands from high-quality boards, using, for example, an electric jigsaw. Well, then, with patience, you will have to process their edges to perfect smoothness.

Properly made and processed wooden fences will probably last no less than stone or other material mentioned above. Of course, balusters, also made of wood, are best suited for a wooden staircase. They are perfectly combined in weight, texture and possible design solutions, opening up ample opportunities for the manifestation of the imagination of the owners of the house.

Stair design and baluster attachment methods

The place of balusters in the staircase

It makes sense to consider the general and get acquainted with the name of the details of which it consists. In addition, it is necessary to choose the option of installing and securing the racks of the building envelope.

The main elements of a wooden interfloor staircase are shown in the illustration:

When drawing up a drawing for the construction of stairs, as well as when studying the description installation work according to its arrangement, it will be possible to refer to this diagram, since it indicates the location and name of all the main details of the structure.

So, balusters can be installed on the edges of the surfaces of steps or on a bowstring.

The top figure shows a staircase, in the construction which balusters are installed on the steps. In this case, the width of the steps allows you to install two such wooden decorative posts on their edges. In this case, the top edge of the balusters is cut at the same angle as the flight of stairs.

If the bowstring of the staircase has a large width sufficient for the size of the base of the balusters, then they can be installed on it in order to maintain the width of the flight of stairs. However, this installation option can be called more complicated, since not only the upper, but also the lower side of the balusters will have to be cut to the desired angle. It is clear that the lower edge will have to correspond to the slope of the bowstring.

railing prices

This diagram shows the principle of installation and fastening of balusters on a bowstring. If wooden balusters are selected, then they are cut at the angle of the flight of stairs. If a polyurethane or metal version of the racks is chosen, and they are supposed to be installed on a bowstring, then it will be necessary to equip original step-stands for the balusters. The horizontal surface of such steps should be parallel to the floor of the room.

However, due to the fact that balusters made of natural wood are still the most used for them, options for their installation will be considered further.

Fastening of balusters to steps or a bowstring must be carried out with the help of dowels, studs or self-tapping screws. It is not recommended to fix the retaining elements with nails, since in this case it is difficult to guarantee the reliability and safety of the structure. Given that the stairs are constantly experiencing mechanical and vibrational loads, the nails will quickly expand the hole through which they are driven. into wood, as a result which does not exclude the possibility that the design of the staircase railing will quickly become loose and become very unreliable.

Mounting options for balusters on studs

With the help of studs, fastening balusters to the surface can be done in several ways. In this case, either smooth studs or threaded ones are used.

• In order to fix the balusters on smooth studs, markings are made in the end part of the uprights, since the hole must be drilled exactly in the center of the base of the product. Then, at the found point, a hole is drilled with a depth of not more than 80 mm, with a diameter of 8 ÷ 10 mm.

The diameter of the hole is selected depending on the size of the end of the baluster and, of course, on the diameter of the stud. It should be about 1 mm larger. It must be drilled very carefully, otherwise wooden product may crack. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to first drill a hole with a drill with a diameter of 5 mm, and then expand it to the required size.

In order for the hairpin to fit snugly into its seat, carpentry glue is poured into it, and the end of the hairpin for a length of 50 ÷ 60 mm is not only processed with an adhesive composition, but can also be sprinkled with small sawdust. After the hairpin is prepared, it is inserted into the hole in the end of the baluster with twisting movements. Outside, its part 70 ÷ 80 mm long should remain. Excessive, protruding glue is immediately removed, otherwise, after hardening, it will interfere with the installation of the baluster on the step or bowstring of the staircase.

Prices for stairs

• Another option for using studs as fasteners is to screw them in. In this case, studs are selected that have threads at both ends: one side metric, from the second - like a screw.

In order to screw such a pin into the end of the baluster, a hole is drilled in it with a diameter of 1 ÷ 2 mm less than the thread of the fastener. Before screwing in, the hole is also filled with glue, and the pin is screwed into it with a pointed end. For screwing on a metric thread, two or three nuts are baited and locked, and screwing in will be easy to carry out with an ordinary socket wrench.

In order for the second end of the hairpin to be securely held in the step or bowstring, you can do this. A hole of the same diameter is drilled in their surface as in the end of the baluster, and then its upper part expands for gluing one or more nuts, which must be recessed flush with the main surface.

Installing the balusters in place can only be done after the glue around the nut has completely dried. Before screwing the baluster into place, the hole will need to be filled with glue.

• Using a threaded stud and a nut, you can do it differently, but only if the baluster is fixed to a step that has a small thickness. In this version, a through hole is drilled in the steps, into which a pin is inserted, glued into the baluster. Then, from the underside of the step, a washer of the appropriate size is put on the stud, after which a nut is screwed onto the thread, which will press the baluster to the step. In this option, it is recommended that before installing the baluster on the step, coat its entire end side around the installed stud with carpentry glue.

• The next option for installing a baluster can be considered the use of a stud, the outer end of which enters from the end and also looks like a thick screw. The installation consists in directly screwing the stud into the step board, with preliminary lubrication of the end part of the baluster with carpentry glue.

Installing balusters on wooden dowels

Now it's worth considering fixing wooden balusters to dowels. This method is considered, by the way, traditional for the installation of stairs. Dowels are easy to use, and besides, it is quite possible to make them yourself. However, it is not difficult to buy them in a furniture fittings store, since their cost is quite low.

Prices for wooden stairs

wooden staircase

For this process, only the dowels themselves of the required length and diameter, as well as wood glue, will be required. The diameter of the dowel can be from 8 to 12 mm, and the length is 100÷120 mm. To install the dowel in the center of the end of the baluster, a hole is marked and drilled over size dowel in diameter by 1 ÷ 2 mm and a depth of about half the length of this mounting rod. Then, the hole is filled with glue and a dowel is inserted into it. Allow the glue to dry well before continuing. Its excess, which has come to the surface, must be removed immediately after gluing the part. It is important to glue the dowel exactly vertically, otherwise the baluster will be installed crookedly on the stairs.

To fix the baluster on the bowstring or steps, they mark the points of their installation, which should be located in one line. Holes for dowels are drilled at the points found. When the glue on the balusters dries, their end is smeared with a layer of the same glue, it is also poured into the hole on the step or bowstring, and then the dowel is tightly inserted into the hole. After that, the baluster must be well fixed until the glue hardens. At the same time, the racks are aligned, which is controlled using the building level.

Fastening balusters with self-tapping screws

The easiest and most affordable way for any master to fix balusters, both on the bowstring and on the steps, is to fix them on self-tapping screws 80 ÷ 100 mm long.

This type of fastening cannot be called traditional, however, it fully justifies the expectations for a reliable and durable fastening. The self-tapping screw is screwed through the baluster into the bowstring or step from the side, obliquely, into a hole pre-drilled for it of a smaller diameter than the fastener itself. Since the head of the self-tapping screw must be recessed into the wood, for it, in the upper part, the hole expands (countersink). After the self-tapping screw is screwed into the wood, the hat will hide in the nest prepared for it, the holes are masked with wood putty of a suitable color.

Balusters can also be fixed to the handrails with self-tapping screws. But for this purpose, fasteners of a shorter length are usually chosen, since they should by no means pass through the railing. The head of the self-tapping screw is also deepened into the countersunk socket in the same way, and then masked with putty.

The process of installing a wooden balustrade on a staircase - step by step

Now, having dealt with the methods of fixing the balusters, we can proceed to consider the stages of the installation work on the assembly of the stair railing as a whole.

The instruction table below will present one of the options for assembling the staircase balustrade. However, it should be noted that this method is not the only one, since each master works according to his own pattern, developed over the years.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	So, after the steps of the stairs are mounted, their edge area is marked. The line of installation of supporting pillars and balusters is determined. For marking, you will need a flat metal or wooden plank having a length equal to the length of the flight of stairs, a metal ruler, a pencil and a construction square. By the way, you can use a galvanized profile, which is used for the installation of drywall structures. A profile or plank is laid along the edge of the steps, approximately at the same distance from the edge. Then, the exact distance from the edge to the plank is measured along the entire width of the step, and a line is drawn at the points found. Thus, the marking of all steps is made. At the end of the process, all lines on the steps must coincide with the common bar.
	The next step is to determine the places for fixing the support pillars, between which the balusters will be fixed. The pillars should have a cross-sectional size larger than the balusters, approximately twice. For example, if the balusters are 50×50 mm in size, then the pillars should have a cross section of at least 80×80, and preferably 100×100 mm. To fix the support posts, you can use a stud, screw or dowel. If the post is installed on a wooden surface, the length of the fastener should be 100 mm and the diameter 8÷10 mm. In this case, these bolts are used with tapered thread screw type.
	In the example shown, the upper platform, on which the stairs rest, is made of concrete. Therefore, calculating the action plan in advance, the so-called mortgage was built into the concrete at the edge of the site - this is a metal plate, 80 × 80 or 100 × 100 mm in size and at least 4 ÷ 5 mm thick. On top of the plate, strictly vertically, the said bolt-screw is welded with a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 8 mm.
	A hole is drilled in the lower end of the support column, corresponding to the diameter of the welded bolt. Then, the post is simply screwed onto a threaded pin welded to the mortgage. To keep the post firmly pressed to the floor surface, the lower part drilled hole can be expanded a bit.
	If the support pole is installed on a plank surface, then in it, as well as in the end of the pole, a hole is drilled for the fastener, according to a pre-made markup.
	The pole can be fixed to a horizontal surface using the same bolt. For this it will be necessary to wooden surface drill a through hole on the ladder, and then insert the fastener from below, after putting a wide metal washer on it. You can fix the post with a dowel, gluing it into the end of the post, and then into the hole in the step, or with a pin, screwing it first into the end of the post, and then into the step board. In a word, by any of the methods discussed above, whichever seems more convenient.
	Usually, the lower support post in the flight of stairs is mounted on the last step and pressed against the riser of the previous step, which gives it some additional rigidity.
	When installing the support pillars, it is necessary to ensure that they are not only perfectly vertical, but also in the same line, otherwise the stair railings will be crooked or they will not be able to stand at all in the place determined for them.
	Having installed the support pillars, you can proceed to determine the mounting points for the balusters. For this procedure, you will need a building corner and a ruler. If the steps have a sufficiently large width, then it is best to fix two balusters on each of them. All elements of the balustrade should be located at the same distance from each other. Usually, when installing two balusters on each step, the distance between them is 70÷80 mm. The marking of the exact location is carried out along the previously outlined common line.
	After the installation points of the balusters are determined, through holes are drilled in them, through which the racks will be fixed on the steps. If the fastening option is chosen using dowels or studs, then before gluing fasteners into the balusters, half of the racks will need to be shortened somewhat so that they are installed exactly under the handrail. Thus, the first step baluster remains the original height, and the second, located closer to the bottom step, is shortened by about half the height of the step. In each case, the cut off part will have its own size, depending on the width and height of the step.
	Balusters can be attached to the steps by any of the methods described above or, as in this case, using a screw bolt screwed from below through a through hole in the step board into a hole drilled in the lower end of the baluster. A metal washer is put on the bolt, then it is inserted from the bottom of the step into the hole and screwed with a ratchet socket through the board into the hole drilled in the end of the baluster. For this purpose, a screw with a length of 80 mm and a diameter of 6 mm is suitable.
	When all the balusters are fixed on the steps, a flat guide bar is fixed on them, so that it passes through the upper corners of the balusters. The plank can be secured with clamps. After that, along the guide, on each of the balusters, a line of the future cut is drawn with a pencil. In addition, also on the guide, the vertical location of each of the racks is marked. Balusters must be numbered so that there is no confusion during further assembly of the structure.
	After that, the balusters are carefully unscrewed and removed from the steps. Holes with a diameter of 5 mm are drilled in the center of their end upper part. Then, using a miter saw, cuts are made along the marked lines. The next step of the balusters, according to the numbering, must be returned to their original place and fixed on the guide along the pre-made marking lines.
	Now you can move on to work on the railing. The first thing to do is to determine the angle of cut of the ends of this part, since with them it must be joined to the support posts. For this purpose, you can use a tool such as malka. Experienced carpenters advise simply not to change the angle set on the saw for washing down balusters. Before making cuts, it is necessary to accurately determine the length of the railing. To do this, they are placed on the edge of the steps, from the upper support to the lower column, and their exact length is marked with a pencil, taking into account the oblique cut. The width of the railing should be equal to the width of the supporting posts.
	After that, according to the markings, oblique sections of the railing bars are made. Next, the cut end sides must be carefully cleaned with sandpaper.
	Now on the railing beam, along its entire length, it is necessary to cut a groove, the width of which should be equal to the width of the balusters. The depth of the groove should be 7÷8 mm. The groove should be in the middle part of the beam, that is, it is made, stepping back from the edges of 12 ÷ 15 mm. To sample such a groove, of course, one cannot do without a manual or stationary milling machine.
	To securely fasten the railing, you will additionally need a wooden railing strip with a thickness of 8 ÷ 10 mm and a width equal to the width of the groove cut in the railing. The railing bar is screwed with self-tapping screws to the upper ends of the balusters while they are fastened with a guide rail. The bar will replace the last one, and fix the racks in the required position. After it is fixed, the temporary guide can be dismantled.
	A railing is laid on top of the plank and screwed to it from below using self-tapping screws.
	Additionally, railings, wherever they are installed, are fixed long self-tapping screws to the pillars. To do this, a through hole with a diameter of 5 mm is drilled from the outside of the column. First, the hole expands so that the self-tapping screw goes deep into the wood, by about 20 mm, passes through the post and is screwed into the end of the railing by 30 ÷ 40 mm. The length of the self-tapping screw is calculated depending on the size of the support post.

In addition, it should be recalled that when installing balusters in their permanent place on any fastening, it is recommended to coat their end surfaces with carpentry glue. The same is best done when mounting the railing bar, as well as the railing itself. Glue, hardening, will strengthen the structure and make it more durable.

Not as easy as it might seem at first sight. To obtain a solid and reliable design, it is first necessary to carry out accurate calculations, taking into account the height of the lift, the free space that can be allocated to it, ergonomic criteria, and even the height and weight of the inhabitants of the house. In these calculations, each parameter is important, starting from the thickness and width of the steps, and ending with the cross section and height of the balusters, as well as other structural details. Therefore, in order for the staircase structure to turn out to be safe and reliable in operation, it is best to entrust its calculation to specialists. And if you plan to build a staircase completely on your own, then you will need to follow the drawn up drawing exactly, observing all the dimensions indicated in it.

Video: The final stage of the installation of a home interfloor wooden staircase - the installation of support pillars, balusters and railings

The installation of railings is a responsible event that must be carried out taking into account safety requirements. When deciding how to install a railing, you must have some experience in construction or thoroughly study the technology of such an operation. The reliability and appearance of the entire staircase depend on how the installation is made.

Arrangement nuances

The railing on the stairs is a side railing of the flight of stairs, which performs several tasks: a protective function, assistance when climbing and descending the stairs, and creating a certain interior. Structurally, stair railings include the following elements: a handrail (a longitudinal element on which a person leans with his hand when moving up the stairs), balusters (vertical posts to hold the handrail) and bollards (larger balusters with a power function installed at the edges of the span).

For execution protective function the following requirements are imposed on the fences: strength, safe height and installation step of the balusters, excluding the fall of a person (especially a child) from a height. The operational parameters should ensure the convenience of using the stairs, the possibility of a comfortable hand stop when climbing or lowering the stairs (optimal height, width and quality of the handrail). Finally, the look of the railing should give an attractive look to the entire staircase.

Selection of materials

Before installing structures, it is necessary to choose the material from which they will be made. The following basic materials can be used:

1. A wooden staircase is complemented by a railing made of the same material. Such designs can be used on other types of stairs. The main advantage of such structures is the manufacturability and pliability of wood, which makes it quite easy to carve or cut a baluster of a bizarre shape. For wooden railings, oak and beech can be used, but pine or linden are more cost-effective. Hand-crafted wooden balusters give a special attraction to the tree.
2. Metal railings are highly durable and reliable. For balusters, stamped or cast parts are often used. Stainless steel and anodized aluminum are widely used. In an expensive interior, elements made of cast iron, bronze, and copper look good. One of the possible design options is the openwork device of the sidewalls of the railing by forging or bending.
3. When arranging the entrance front staircase, stone railings look attractive. The stone is massive and has an increased cost, and therefore it is rarely used in the interior in large rooms. Popular stones are marble and granite. You can also use artificial stone.
4. Safety glass is considered modern material for making railings. As a rule, it is used in the form of a solid transparent or colored wall. Installation of glass packages is made on decorative metal racks.
5. Plastic is used in economy class railings. Usually, handrails are made of PVC on the stairs with simple metal railings, in which vertical metal rods are installed instead of decorative balusters.

Regulatory requirements

The installation of railings should take into account regulatory requirements that ensure the safety of the structure and the convenience of its operation. The following must be observed general rules railing installation:

1. Railings are installed if there are more than 2 steps on the stairs.
2. The handrail for an adult is mounted at a height of 85-125 cm, and if there are children, it is recommended to install an additional handrail at a height of 45-75 cm.
3. The distance between the bearing vertical elements is set at least 0.6 m, but between the bearing balusters there must be vertical or horizontal elements that do not allow the child's head to pass between them, i.e. distance should be no more than 20 cm.
4. The strength of the railing should be calculated on the support of a person weighing at least 100-120 kg.
5. With a staircase width of up to 1.2 m, only the outer railing is installed, provided that the staircase rests against the wall with the other edge, and with a larger width, the second railing is installed at a distance of 4-8 cm from the wall surface.
6. The surface of the handrail should be smooth, but not slippery.
7. Balusters should be fastened at 2 points - at the top to the handrail, at the bottom to the stairs.

How is the installation of railings

When installing the railing with your own hands, you will need the following tool:

• welding machine(for metal structures);
• perforator (concrete stairs);
• Bulgarian;
• electric drill;
• screwdriver;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• plane;
• Grinder;
• a hammer;
• level;
• plumb;
• roulette;
• metal ruler.

The question of how to install a railing in a house is decided depending on the design of the stairs and its dimensions. In general, installation includes next steps works:

• installation of extreme load-bearing support pillars (pedestals);
• marking places for installation of balusters, and marking the center line, as well as centers on the balusters themselves;
• preparation of balusters in size and fastening them to the stairs;
• installation of the handrail and fastening it to the cabinets and balusters.

Each railing material has its own installation specifics.

Wooden railings are attached to a wooden staircase with nails or screws. Handrails are attached to vertical elements by 3 main methods: studs, dowels or screws. To strengthen the joints, an adhesive composition, such as PVA, is used.

During installation metal fences usually a welding machine is used. At the same time, bolted connection of standard elements is also possible. Glass parts are installed using metal hinges and nozzles. Special metal profiles are used.

The installation of railings is considered an important and responsible event in the arrangement of stairs. It should be carried out taking into account the requirements of safety and ease of use.

When planning the construction of a private house consisting of two or more floors, it is very important Special attention give the device stairs and railings for it, because without this useful design you are unlikely to get, for example, into the attic.

Particularly beautiful can be made railing for stairs, which, in addition to decorative purposes, also provides us with a safe climb to other floors of buildings. In the manufacture of railings, it is important to use only quality material, given the series special moments, which we will discuss next.

Wooden fences add coziness to the home atmosphere

State standards

GOST for stair railings and general technical requirements

If you are going to make stair railings on your own, then in addition to your imagination, you must take into account some of the norms provided by the state.

Fences must be of a certain height, from 90 to 120cm

According to these rules and regulations (SNiP), it is important to build structures that will be safe both for you and for everyone who wants to visit your wonderful home. Special rules exist for the arrangement of stairs, which means that you will have to familiarize yourself with them, because depending on the design and material chosen, the methods and fixtures for installation may be different.

Stair railings from different materials

Brick railing

Railings concrete

Wooden railing

Railings metal and forged

All elements of metal fences are fastened by welding.

We install wooden railings ourselves

Required Tools

Required materials

• Handrails.
• End cabinets, dense vertical racks at the end and beginning of the stairs.
• And, of course, balusters, selected to your taste.

Forged balusters in combination with wooden railings look unsurpassed

Stages of work

Unusual wooden fence is ready!

The cost of fences from different materials

Unique fences will cost you dearly

1. Granite railing - 500 rubles per linear meter.
2. Marble railings - from 1500 rubles per linear meter.
3. Wooden railings - from 180 rubles per linear meter, the price depends on the type of wood.
4. Stainless steel railings - from 27,000 per linear meter.
5. Forged railings - from 28 thousand rubles and more, per linear meter the price is about 6000 rubles.
6. Decorative endings of handrails - from 7000 rubles.

Wrought iron railings for stairs will decorate any building

Completion

When installing stair railings, it is important to take into account generally accepted norms and rules, do not forget that their height should be selected in the range from 90-120 cm. Choose only reliable and durable materials and strictly follow all installation instructions. After studying all the information, get to work, the main thing is not to rush, do not be nervous, and never doubt your abilities!

We suggest considering how the installation of the railing is carried out. In a wooden staircase, balusters are attached to the bowstring, they are fixed using self-tapping screws or stainless metal brackets installed at the top and bottom. The caps of self-tapping screws installed in hidden grooves are covered with wood corks. Holes for them are pre-drilled.

Mounted on the side of the racks with screws. The most durable option for installing railings is a spike. In such cases, even during the production of structural elements, spikes are created in the handrails, and nests for them in the upper sections. Performing installation, the spikes are pre-lubricated with carpentry glue.

Mounting on the bowstring using metal studs is allowed. They are glued into special holes in the lower sections of the supports, nests are drilled for them in the bowstring. Now you can install balusters for the fence. Exactly according to the same principle, installation with sheets is performed. In such cases, holes are made larger diameter, but it is necessary to take into account the cross section of the bar. If it is less than six centimeters, then experts do not recommend using this method of fastening.

Railing fixing, fast assembly

In forged, made of wood, the material itself is not used. Assemble the span directly onto the steps. For this purpose, a hairpin is inserted at the bottom of all intermediate-type balusters, the length of which is not shorter than ten centimeters. Initially, the top one is screwed into the step, then removed from the stud, which will be a guideline for marking connection points in other areas. Holes for iron studs are drilled according to the marks, after which each is screwed into its place.

Parts of the racks should be trimmed one level, if necessary. A handrail is installed on the screws. By the same principle, the installation of railings on concrete bases- wooden railings are mounted on steps. For the device, pits are made in the steps according to the marking, the depth of which is not less than one hundred and twenty millimeters, and the radius is 1.6 cm. Then, anchors are installed that fix the supporting elements. Reliability is distinguished by fixation with flanges - at least three holes are arranged in the step, a flange is inserted, and only then - the ladder rack.

Installation in the end section of the misconduct is recommended in cases where the flight of stairs does not have a large width. In this embodiment, pits for expansion anchors are drilled at the ends. They are fixed in balusters and bushings. It is allowed to install a special holder at the end, in which the support will be fixed.

The handrails are cut into pieces of suitable length, holes are drilled in them for each connecting point with supports. After that, each individually fastened with screws.

As fillers, metal cables or rods, solid glass panels are used, which are installed on special brackets.

Installation of the entire staircase structure by professional
performed by specialists quickly, its essence lies in
certain operations:

⦁ A contract is drawn up with the customer, which determines the timing of the installation work, taking into account individual features and the complexity of flights of stairs, the cost is discussed.

⦁ At the appointed time for assembly, the team arrives at the facility and assembles the ladder in place.

Installation of forged structures is not an easy task. Therefore, we recommend contacting the company. The most inconvenient thing that happens when installing steel railings is the dust from the metal. It is harmful and you need to work in a special respirator, as well as all things around, if services are carried out indoors, must be closed. We recommend placing an order for installation, the convenience of cooperation is that after the work, debris will be removed, and partial repairs of the walls will be carried out if the structure is adjacent to it. How much does the work cost, see the catalog or find out the price by contacting the feedback.

Mounting methods

⦁ Single. This is the most fast option rack fixation. They are mounted on one anchor bolt, fully responsible for the reliability of the connection. The work is done quickly, but this option not the most reliable;

⦁ Anti-vandal. It provides for a device in the floor, in which embedded elements are subsequently placed. The places of fastening to the racks are covered with the help of special decorative elements. This method of fixation is quite reliable, able to withstand significant load effects;

⦁ Flanged. The rack is attached to the flange element, which is fixed with several anchors. This creates the maximum level of reliability.

When choosing a fastening method, it is necessary to take into account
attention to the main requirements normative documents on
permissible loads arising on fences made of
stainless metal:

⦁ Stairs located in residential buildings, kindergartens and schools, medical institutions and entertainment facilities, must withstand 36 kgf per meter;

⦁ For gyms and fitness clubs, as well as stands, this value should be five times higher;

⦁ All other objects must withstand 96 kgf per meter.

The installation of stainless steel railing structures has some advantages. An oxide-type layer is created on the metal, which reliably protects against atmospheric precipitation and acidic environments. Used in the production of nickel, in addition to strength, gives some ductility, while reducing fragility. The result is an alloy of excellent quality, which does not lend itself to corrosive formations even after it has undergone mechanical processing. To achieve reliable seams, individual parts can be fastened using argon-arc welding. In the place of such connections, it acquires additional strength.

Stil-Metal company for manufacturing and installation
stairs have a number of advantages:

⦁ Specialists have extensive experience in carrying out such work;

⦁ Availability of own production and storage facilities;

⦁ The work cycle is carried out in in full– from initial measurements to complete installation of the product.

Each employee of the company is a specialist of the highest category.

Quality production

More than 10 years in the market of installation services.

During this time we have gained successful experience in the implementation of the most complex and large-scale projects.

Turning to our company, each customer is guaranteed to receive:

1. A professional team of employees with extensive experience, 2. A full arsenal of high-tech modern equipment, 3. Guaranteed project completion within the specified time frame, 4. The most reasonable prices for all types of services, 5. Service high level and informative advice.

We have a team of professionals

Our company exists in the market of installation services for more than 10 years. During this time we have gained successful experience in the implementation of the most complex and large-scale projects.

Quality production

Using only the best and proven materials, as well as the work of highly qualified employees is the key to success for the implementation of your plans.

Speed ​​and quality of installation

Large volumes of production enable us to offer customers the lowest prices for railings, without loss of quality and with the minimum installation time.

About company

Benefits of working with our company.

• An experience.
• Terms of manufacture and installation.
• The quality of work.
• Price.

More than 10 years of work in the industry has allowed us to accumulate a colossal store of knowledge.

The management of the company have specialized engineering and construction education. We can solve engineering problems of any degree of complexity.

We have developed design solutions for design organizations. These solutions comply with all SNIP standards and greatly simplify the work of designers.

The team of welders consists of specialists of the highest category. Argon-arc welding allows you to perform work of jewelry precision and workmanship.

Installation of railings, as a rule, takes place in the final stage finishing works. The speed and quality of installation directly affects the delivery time of the object.

Our experts carry out installation in as soon as possible even on large objects. We leave no dirt or debris behind.

Work culture is one of the main aspects of our work.

Our experience and qualification of employees allows us to carry out installation on several large objects at the same time. Large volumes of production enable us to offer customers the lowest prices for railings, without loss of quality and with the minimum installation time.

Installation of stair railings
Installation of stair railings Each employee of the company is a specialist of the highest category. Quality production Using only the best and proven materials, as well as labor

Fastening the railing to the stairs: installation instructions

Any high-rise building does not do without stairs. This is often the only way to move from floor to floor. The fact that in large shopping centers and similar enterprises all work is carried out by contractors is a matter of course. But if you are installing a staircase in a private house, then you can make a staircase and railings or handrails for it yourself, in order to save money.

How to attach railings?

wooden railing

Wooden railings consist of handrails and balusters. Handrails perform the coupling function of all balusters, which ensures the reliability and strength of the entire structure. In addition, it provides convenience when moving up the stairs. To mount them, you will need a hacksaw, a chisel, a hammer, a square, screwdrivers, a level, a plumb line, and so on.

The installation process itself consists of several stages:

1. First of all, extreme pedestals are installed, at a height of 80-90 cm, from the floor. This is the average height at which a person feels comfortable lifting. After installation, you need to pull the rope and try to go up and down the stairs, if the height suits you, then leave everything as it is, no - fix it.
2. Then you need to calculate the frequency of the balusters and drill holes in the handrail. The gap between the balusters can be different, but not more than 20 cm, otherwise small children can crawl into them and fall down the stairs.
3. Then you should saw off the upper edges of the balusters at an angle of a stretched bowstring. The bottom edges remain straight if mounted on steps, or at a similar angle if mounted on a straight board.
4. It is best to mount on self-tapping screws, having previously made notches on the handrails and steps and spikes on the balusters, additionally putting the entire structure on glue.

aluminum railing

Do-it-yourself installation of aluminum railings is quite simple and does not take much time. It is produced in just a few steps:

1. Before starting installation, it is necessary to make markings on the stairs in those places where you will install balusters. In these places it will be necessary to make holes 18 mm in diameter and 100 mm deep. After all the holes are drilled, it will be necessary to fill them with two-component adhesive and insert anchors into them.
2. Scroll the anchors, you need them to be well fixed, only then inflate the baluster racks on them. It is necessary to make 2-3 holes in different places so that you can easily adjust it later. But the total height of the holes should not exceed the height of the anchors.
3. Put on a flange through the upper edge, which will later be additional mount the whole structure. Lower it to the floor, and put the hinges on the upper edge.
4. Now it is necessary to put a handrail on the hinges and adjust it in height, after which the height is fixed with self-tapping screws, screwing them to the anchors. The flange must be glued to the floor with silicone adhesive.
5. The handrail is fixed to the hinges with self-tapping screws. If the staircase consists of several flights, then all the handrails are interconnected with the help of rotary elements, which are made in two types: 90 and 135 degrees.

Stainless steel railing

Assembly begins with the installation of racks on the last and first steps. Keep in mind that it is necessary to drill holes for the posts in the middle of the step, retreating from the edges by 35-50 mm, this will prevent the occurrence of chips and cracks. Next, install intermediate racks, as in the case of aluminum railings. Depending on the design, you can end the railing with end caps or you can make turns to the next floor.

Wrought iron railing

Do-it-yourself installation of forged railings is not so difficult as it seems at first glance. You can buy ready-made elements, the choice now seems to be wide. Or you can turn to a blacksmith to make it to order, then he will make all the details according to your individual sketches, which will fully comply with the aesthetic requirements of your building.

The installation itself requires minimal welding skills. The main thing is to make the corners on the steps, and then connect all the parts by welding. Of course, you first need to mark the places where the parts will be welded. When the structure is installed, you need to prime and paint in any color that suits you.

That's all the main types of railings for stairs. Choose a convenient and acceptable way for you and decorate your favorite home or make an individual beauty salon. Remember, everything is in your hands.

Fastening the railing to the stairs: installation instructions
Installation of railings and handrails for stairs is quite feasible with your own hands with minimal building skills.

Ladder installation: reliability at the forefront

Installation of the span: with feeling, with sense, with arrangement

Not only apartment buildings, but private buildings often have more than one floor in height. To move between levels, the installation of flights of stairs and platforms is required. This article provides basic ideas about structural elements stairs, their characteristics and GOST standards.

Metal frame of the staircase

Elements of the staircase

When choosing a transitional structure between floors, the inhabitant most often gives priority to the beauty and aesthetics of the stair elements, but one should not forget that the staircase device must first of all ensure the utilitarian requirements regulated by GOST, among which safety is paramount.

Structural elements of stairs

Below are the definitions of the main ladder elements:

• Span of a marching type (march) - the number of steps between the platforms.
• The turning point is the horizontal zone of the division of march spans.
• Stringers - special bases for step stops.
• Riser - vertical elements of the step, covering the space under it.
• A bowstring is a solid wooden or metal beam that connects all the steps of a march.
• Balusters - a support on which the railing of the fence is attached.

Materials for stairs

Depending on what materials the ladder is made of, both the price of the product and its characteristics depend.
For marches and spans used:

• wood is the most common material from which it is easy to make stringers, steps and fences,
• metal is the most durable
• stone - durable and reliable in operation,
• glass is a modern original solution,
• concrete and reinforced concrete are the "classics" of modern construction.

Old stone staircase

Main characteristics of marches and platforms

According to GOST, the slope of the march is 1:2 - 1:1.75 of the ratio of the height to the length of the step, for auxiliary steps - no steeper than 1:1.25. The steps in the march are made the same, convenient for walking, their number is not less than three and not more than 18. The most common marches with 10 - 13 steps - this number is considered the most convenient when climbing or descending.

The width of the steps should ensure the setting of a full foot (at least 250 mm), the height should be in the range of 130-200 mm. The fencing of platforms and marches is carried out with a height of 0.9 m. The width of the marches according to GOST is at least 800-1000 mm, and the width of the platform is not less than the same value chosen for the march.

Preparing for installation

Depending on the material, the work performed for the construction of the stairs differs. They can be divided into two stages: preparation of elements and installation.

Installation of stairs and landings by specialists begins with the preparation of a project, where they visualize the nuances of operations, the arrangement of parts of the structure and compliance with GOST.

Based on the technical documentation, elements of the required dimensions are purchased or manufactured: stringers, steps, platforms and fences. The place of their fasteners is marked and, if necessary, pre-assembly. At this stage, it is important to comply with the GOST requirements for the dimensions and configuration of stairs.

Installation of basic elements

Ways of fastening steps

The fasteners of the stair elements also depend on the type of material that determines what characteristics the stringers and other components should have. One thing is invariable - the installation must ensure a rigid fixation of flights of stairs and landings to bearing walls. This is the price of security.

Installation of fences

The fencing of marches and platforms is one of the important components of the stairs. Its primary task is to ensure safety (to protect against a possible fall) and ease of movement (to serve as a support during ascent or descent).

1. balusters - vertical or horizontal supports of the fence,
2. handrails,
3. filling - an element of the fence that performs as a decorative function (due to decoration), and protective (limiting the space between the balusters).

Requirements for stair railings are regulated by GOST standards, according to which their height for internal stairs is at least 90 centimeters. Fences should be free of sharp corners and protrusions and have a refractory finish.

The stairs must be safe for the child

Special requirements apply to stairs in institutions where children are (schools or kindergartens). Here, the execution according to GOST should be such as to protect the kids: it is imperative to install additional handrails 50 centimeters high. The maximum gap between the balusters is 10 cm. If there are children in a private house, it is worth observing these GOST requirements when building a staircase fence.

Exist various methods fixing railing balusters to marches and platforms: welding, concreting, fixing with screws - for each material there is its own, most correct, solution. The main condition: the design of the stairs must be safe.

The collected information outlines the main milestones of "stair building". Those who wish to study “narrow” questions in more detail are invited to find answers on our Internet resource or leave a comment with wishes on the disclosure of a topic of interest. For example, more details about the GOST requirements for flights of stairs have already been written in the corresponding article.

Ladder installation: reliability at the forefront
Installation of flights of stairs and landings must be carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST and SNiP. Otherwise, there is a risk of the span being skewed, which is dangerous for people.

Do-it-yourself installation of balusters and railings: methods of fastening and installation

When arranging stairs with your own hands, it is important to know how to properly fasten balusters and railings so that the structure is not only reliable and stable, but also looks neat. The technology for performing such work may differ depending on the materials used and design.

Functions and types of products

First you need to deal with the very device of railings and balusters, their functions and varieties, and only then consider the installation itself. Both of these elements form a fence with handrails, the installation of which in most cases is mandatory for arranging stairs. Balusters perform the following functions:

• create decoration march,
• serve as a support for handrails,
• give the fence rigidity,
• prevent injury or falling down stairs.

On top of the balusters, you should install the railing directly. They provide convenience and safety of movement on a ladder. In addition, they are a kind of final element of fences and carry a certain aesthetic load.

In one design, various materials can be combined. At the same time, the methods of fastening such balusters and railings can be radically different. In order to better understand this issue, three main categories of materials used for fencing should be distinguished:

Varieties of stair railings depending on the material of manufacture

You can also find a combination of metal with glass or plastic and other spectacular combinations.

Hardware

Consider the process of installing balusters and railings with your own hands, starting with metal products. Such elements may differ in the type of alloy used, the shape and principle of use. First of all, the following categories should be distinguished:

• painted iron. The simplest option. Balusters are metal tubes, plates or molded pieces coated with paint to protect against rust.
• Stainless tubes. Standard option for both residential and office buildings. Goes well with plastic railings. They have a pleasant appearance and do not give in to corrosion.
• Forged items. Curly and openwork balusters created by cold or hot forging.

Metal railings for stairs can be made from various alloys.

The fastening of such products can be of two types: welded and screw. In the first case, individual fragments are connected to each other and to the frame of the fence by means of welding. The seams should be sanded so as not to spoil the appearance of the structure. In the second case, all parts are fixed with bolts. It is in this way that the fastening of the railing to the metal balusters is provided. Metal supports and wooden handrails are, perhaps, the best combination for both interior and exterior use.

The railing sections themselves are attached to the steps or the wall with bolts and base plates. In the presence of metal parts or fittings they can be welded.

Methods of fastening metal fences

Wooden fences

Another popular type of stair design is a wooden railing. Various fixing methods are also available here, allowing you to install natural wood railings and balusters. First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between types of supports:

• Flat - products made of plywood or flat boards.
• Simple planks are planks of wood with a square or round section sawn into the desired segments.
• Figured - are made by processing a blank of wood on milling machine according to the template.
• Carved - decorated with carvings, are the most difficult to perform.

Types of supports for wooden stair railings

In order to mount such a fence, you can use several tricks. In most cases, it is better to install balusters directly to the surface of the steps. It can be fixed on stringers, if their dimensions allow. In some cases, it is possible to take them out of the stringers. Also, balusters are sometimes used, especially on marching platforms.

Wooden balusters themselves can be fixed in the following ways:

• on glue using dowels,
• using self-tapping screws
• on metal studs and screwed hinges.

Ways of fastening wooden fences

By the same principles, you need to fasten the railing. In order to display an even design, the height and position of each element are checked by level. The upper part of the baluster is sawn if necessary. From above to the beveled cut, handrails are mounted.

In order to avoid problems with the angle of inclination of the fasteners, it is best to use conformal mounting or screw-in hinges. The latter are especially good for joining elements on the turning sections of the stairs.

concrete models

Separately, you should consider the process of installing railings and balusters made of concrete. It is not always possible to do such work with your own hands alone, since structural elements often have considerable weight. This staircase design option is more suitable for street buildings, but it will also be appropriate in spacious buildings with concrete or stone stairs.

Concrete structures are more suitable for outdoor use

Such balusters are most often made by pouring a solution into a mold. To make them easier to carry, you can make half-pieces and then connect them with fresh mortar. For greater strength, concrete is reinforced with metal. In the future, it is the reinforcement that can serve as the basis for connecting the fragments of the fence. Such balusters are welded to a predetermined place, where a metal rod is preliminarily laid in concrete.

An alternative installation option is base mounting. In this case, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a hole in the center in the baluster. As a basis, it is best to use the same reinforcement. Concrete railings are laid with the same principle, additionally reinforced with mortar. In the future, they can be finished with tiles or stone.

Scheme of installation of concrete balusters

In order for the installation of fences with your own hands to be done with high quality, regardless of the material, be sure to check the strength of the fasteners and the desired level.

Do-it-yourself installation of balusters and railings: methods of fastening and installation
The purpose of railings and balusters, their main types and methods of fastening the elements of the fence, depending on the type of materials used.