House projects / 27.11.2019

What are the nails for the board 50 by 100. Types of nails, how to choose a nail, how to hammer a nail. Lathing for seam covering

Nails are the most widely used and inexpensive fasteners used to connect lumber and products made from different types of wood and its products. They are used for:

Assemblies wooden structures;

window and door frames;

Plank flooring;

Mounting roofing;

Nailing platbands, skirting boards and other tasks.

It is generally accepted that fastening with nails does not provide the same strength and reliability of connecting parts and materials as with screws and self-tapping screws. But experienced carpenters and builders know that properly selected and hammered nails are in no way inferior to other types of fasteners in terms of efficiency. In addition, they are much more affordable, and their installation does not require a special tool - just a regular hammer.

Choice of nails: harder than it looks

When planning a construction or renovation, it is worth buying nails in advance that are suitable in size and purpose. But their choice in the online store " KREP-KOMP, in building supermarkets and in the markets of any city in Russia is very large. They differ from each other in:

Length - from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters;

The size of the hat - from similar to a pinhead to large;

The shape of the rod - from smooth cylindrical to spiral and pyramidal;

Material - from ordinary "black" steel to non-ferrous metals.

How to choose from this variety desired nail? It is necessary not only to know the length and diameter of fasteners, but also to take into account many other factors that affect the quality of adhesion and performance.

If you just need to hang a picture on a nail, then the simplest hardware will do.

To nail skirting boards, you will need a completely different fastener - with a small head recessed into the material.

External construction and finishing works should be carried out using nails protected from corrosion and aggressive substances.

Decorative nails with curly hats serve not only as fasteners, but also as an element of decor.

Nail design: deceptive simplicity

Nails, in comparison with other types of fasteners, have a very simple design. They are metal rods, pointed at one end and with a cap on the opposite. The head of the nail and its body may have different forms and dimensions that determine the scope of the hardware and their purpose. The marking of fasteners indicates, first of all, the diameter and length of the nails, measured in millimeters.

To improve the coupling properties of fasteners, different types rods.

Round shank nails are the most common, simple and cheap.

Square, due to the presence of additional faces, are better kept inside wood or other material.

Horseshoe nails (“snatched”) have a characteristic pyramidal shape that provides a tight and secure fit.

Ordinary construction nails have special notches on their heads. The corrugation protruding above the surface of the head allows you to apply strong hammer blows to the nail without fear of the tool slipping off the cap. Additional notches are also often made on the body of the nails near the head. They help the fastener to hold onto the material more firmly.

High-quality nails have slightly blunt tips (“spears”), they do not have “butterflies” - defects that remain on hardware when carelessly forming steel wire fasteners. They should carefully fit between the fibers of the wood, pushing them apart, not tearing them.

construction nails

Universal construction nails are fasteners used to connect elements of wooden structures. They are usually used where strength and reliability are important, and not appearance.

- Nails with a smooth shaft designed for general carpentry work. Their length, according to GOST 4028-63, can vary from 8 to 250 mm. The shape of the caps depends on the size of the hardware. Nails made from wire up to 1.6 mm in diameter are produced with a flat head, and all others with a conical head. The diameter of a flat head is usually equal to two diameters of the rod (for “hundred” nails and larger fasteners, this ratio may be smaller).

Screw nails with a shaft in the form of a full or partial screw are used to join lumber with a moisture content different from standard values. Due to the increased adhesion to the fibers, they are well suited for bonding wet or very dry boards. Driving nails with spiral cutting is no different from driving in ordinary smooth hardware. When struck with a hammer on the hat, they are independently screwed into the wood. Thanks to the spiral cut, the nail is entwined with wood fibers and can withstand large pull-out and shear loads.

Ruffed (comb) nails are used to obtain rigid one-piece wooden structures that require high joint strength. Due to the special shape of the rod, reminiscent of cones connected in series, they are firmly held in the wood. Compared to nails with smooth rods, the reliability of fastening increases many times over. A comb nail hammered into the material is almost impossible to pull back. Attempts to remove it from the board will most likely end in breaking off the head.

roofing nails

Roofing nails are a separate group of fasteners. They are designed for the installation of materials used to protect the roofs of buildings and structures from wind and precipitation. They work in other conditions and perform other functions, and therefore differ from ordinary nails in shape and size.

Standard roofing nails are characterized by an increased diameter with a relatively short length. They must be strong and reliable enough to withstand the weight of the roofing iron, additional loads and tearing forces that occur during gusts of wind. The size of the nail heads is also increased to prevent water from entering under the sheet roofing material through the hole made by the fastener.

Slate nails are needed for fastening asbestos-cement sheets to the wooden frame. They are hammered into the crest of a wave of slate through a preliminary drilled holes, and the tips of the fasteners protruding from the opposite side of the batten board must be bent so that strong gusts of wind cannot tear off the roofing material. Therefore, slate nails are produced only in large sizes - from 70 mm and more. Such nails have a serious structural difference: their head is not a single unit with the hardware rod (it is made of a corrosion-resistant material in the form of a “blotch” on a regular head), and its size is increased. A large galvanized cap, together with a rubber seal placed under it, well and reliably protects the hole from moisture getting under the slate.

Roofing nails are designed for nailing soft bitumen-based roll roofing materials to hard and flat substrates: wooden crates or chipboard sheets. They are distinguished by their relatively short length and enlarged flat cap. Its diameter is about 5 times the thickness of the rod. Due to the large contact area, roofing material, roofing felt, building cardboard or shingles, fixed with such hardware, are tightly pressed to the base and do not tear at the attachment point. Roofing nails are produced in a weatherproof design to protect the metal from corrosion.

Nails for finishing works

Ordinary carpentry and construction nails are not suitable for finishing work, associated with increased requirements for appearance. Therefore, to fix the finishes and decor, special fasteners with “invisible” heads recessed into the material are used.

- Finishing nailsdiffer in a miniature cylindrical or oval cap, the diameter of which only slightly exceeds the thickness of the rod. They are used in the manufacture of furniture, and are also used for the installation of lining, parquet, platbands, moldings, fillets and other finishing and decorative elements - wherever you want to drown the head of the fastener in the thickness of the wood. After puttying and painting or varnishing, it is almost impossible to notice the finishing nail with the naked eye.

Skirting nails, as their name implies, are designed for fixing skirting boards and trim. Their small caps are easily recessed below the surface. wooden product with a hammer and a finisher, and the resulting recess is leveled with putty, paint and varnish. Unlike finishing nails, plinth nails have a thin notch on the surface of the rod, which provides better fixation of the hardware in the material to be fixed.

Special and decorative types nails

The use of nails is not limited to construction and repair work. This type of fastener is so widely used in many areas that almost every industry has its own special type of nails that differ from others in appearance, size, shape and purpose.

Wallpaper nails can be recognized by their convex brass heads with a relief pattern. They are used for nailing tapestries and panels or fixing upholstery materials (fabric, leather, leatherette) on doors, pieces of furniture or suitcases. They serve as both a fastener and a decorative element. The shapes and patterns of wallpaper nails are so diverse that they allow you to choose hardware for every taste.

Stud nails are designed to fasten glazing beads - wooden planks that hold the window glass in the frame. They do not have hats, so after applying putty they are completely invisible.

Small shoe studs are used in the manufacture and repair of shoes to install heels and heels. After clogging, they hide in the thickness of the material.

Double-headed nails are necessary for the installation of collapsible wooden structures and for fixing the film on greenhouses and greenhouses. One cap securely fixes thin material, and the second nail is easily pulled out without damaging the structure.

Dowel-nails are aimed at brick, concrete or metal bases using a special tool that works on compressed air, or a construction pistol and powder-charged cartridges. They can be supplied as cassettes or tapes for faster work.

Ukhnali are nails used to fasten horseshoes to hooves. A hundred years ago, they were the most popular type of fasteners. Nowadays, the demand for them has naturally fallen, but without horseshoe nails, as before, it is impossible to shoe a horse.

Nails and corrosion resistance

Typically, nails are made from unheated steel wire. But fasteners made of "black" steel without protective coating suitable only for the construction of temporary structures (for the sake of economy, since it is cheaper than corrosion-resistant counterparts) or for interior work. "Black" nails rust quite quickly with constant contact with water or atmospheric moisture, so outdoors they are inappropriate to use. Over time, they lose strength due to metal oxidation and leave characteristic rusty spots and stains on the fastened materials.

Heat-treated ("hot") nails are much stronger than conventional ones. Hardened metal fasteners easily hammer into brickwork or porous concrete without bending or deforming.

Corrosion resistance of fasteners is achieved by coating the metal surface with a material that is resistant to water and moisture. A protective galvanic coating of zinc, aluminium, copper or brass increases the cost of nails, but also protects them from the harmful effects of corrosion. It is such fasteners that are advisable to use for outdoor work. In addition, brass or copper-plated nails are less noticeable against the background of wood due to their shade. Therefore, they are often used for mounting finishing materials from different types of wood: lining, plinths, platbands.

Construction, roofing, screw, finishing - how to choose from this variety of nails the most suitable for a specific construction task?

Recently, it has been widely believed that fastening with nails is unreliable, therefore, when performing installation work screws and self-tapping screws should be preferred.

I dare to assure you that correctly selected nails will provide your construction with the highest quality of fasteners, in no way inferior, and in some characteristics even surpassing vaunted self-tapping screws and screws.

Types of nails

The most convenient and logical is the classification of nails depending on their purpose.

Building A nail is perhaps the most common type of fastener. Designed to be interconnected wooden parts and fastening structures from them.

It is a rod with a pointed end, on the reverse side of which there is a cap with a diameter 3-4 times greater than the thickness of the rod.

On the shaft of the nail, next to the cap, there are protruding transverse notches, which strengthen the fit of the nail in the material. The length of the rod can vary in a very wide range - from 10 to 250 mm.

roofing a nail, as its name implies, is used in roofing, securing the metal sheets of the roof to the wood from which the crate is made. Outwardly, it is very similar to a building nail, differing from it in a hat that has much larger diameter, and a thicker rod.

Tolevy a nail is needed to fasten soft roofing materials to the roof sheathing. It has a large flat cap, the diameter of which is 5-6 times the thickness of the nail. Due to the large pressure area, roofing material and roofing felt, fixed with such nails, do not tear.

slate the nail repeats the design and appearance of the building nail one to one, the only difference is a large galvanized cap that protects the roof from moisture penetration through the mounting hole in the slate sheet. The higher the wave crest of the slate sheet, the longer the slate nail should be.

Screw the nail has a core, on the surface of which spiral grooves are applied. It is used for reliable connection of wooden parts, regardless of whether the wood from which they are made dries up or swells.

When clogging, it is screwed into the material without violating its structure. The strength of the connection with such a nail is an order of magnitude higher than the strength of fasteners with a conventional construction nail. Most often used in the arrangement of a wooden floor for fastening boards with cross beams. Such fasteners do not weaken and the floor does not creak.

Another type of hardware that provides heavy-duty connection of parts - ruffed or combed nail. Due to the special shape of the pin, reminiscent of jagged cones connected in sequence, the ruffed nail tightly fastens parts and structures together.

It is held so tightly that removing it, if necessary, from the construction material is fraught with significant difficulties - pulling back a comb nail already hammered into the material is almost impossible.

For fixing platbands, skirting boards and other decorative elements, they are the best suited plinth and finishing nails. Both have a reduced head recessed into the material, and the core of the plinth nail is also provided with a transverse notch for better fixation of the nail in the material.

With and without protective coating

The use of black steel nails that do not have a protective coating is justified only in the case of fastening wooden parts and structures inside dry, moisture-protected rooms or for the construction of temporary structures made of wood.

If moisture gets on the surface of such a nail ...

Nails are the most widely used and inexpensive fasteners used to connect lumber and products made from different types of wood and its products. They are used for:

Assembly of wooden structures;

Installation of window and door frames;

Plank flooring;

Installation of roofing;

Nailing platbands, skirting boards and other tasks.

Choice of nails: harder than it looks

Length - from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters;

The size of the hat - from similar to a pinhead to large;

The shape of the rod - from smooth cylindrical to spiral and pyramidal;

Material - from ordinary "black" steel to non-ferrous metals.

How to choose the right nail from this variety? It is necessary not only to know the length and diameter of fasteners, but also to take into account many other factors that affect the quality of adhesion and performance.

If you just need to hang a picture on a nail, then the simplest hardware will do.

To nail skirting boards, you will need a completely different fastener - with a small head recessed into the material.

External construction and finishing works should be carried out using nails protected from corrosion and aggressive substances.

Decorative nails with curly hats serve not only as fasteners, but also as an element of decor.

Nail design: deceptive simplicity

Nails, in comparison with other types of fasteners, have a very simple design. They are metal rods, pointed at one end and with a cap on the opposite. The head of the nail and its body can have different shapes and sizes, which determine the scope of the hardware and their purpose. The marking of fasteners indicates, first of all, the diameter and length of the nails, measured in millimeters.

To improve the coupling properties of fasteners, different types of rods have been developed.

Round shank nails are the most common, simple and cheap.

Square, due to the presence of additional faces, are better kept inside wood or other material.

Horseshoe nails (“snatched”) have a characteristic pyramidal shape that provides a tight and secure fit.

construction nails

Universal construction nails are fasteners used to connect elements of wooden structures. They are usually used where strength and reliability are more important than appearance.

Screw nails with a shaft in the form of a full or partial screw are used to join lumber with a moisture content that differs from the standard values. Due to the increased adhesion to the fibers, they are well suited for bonding wet or very dry boards. Driving nails with spiral cutting is no different from driving in ordinary smooth hardware. When struck with a hammer on the hat, they are independently screwed into the wood. Thanks to the spiral cut, the nail is entwined with wood fibers and can withstand large pull-out and shear loads.

roofing nails

Standard roofing nails are characterized by an increased diameter with a relatively short length. They must be strong and reliable enough to withstand the weight of the roofing iron, additional loads and tearing forces that occur during gusts of wind. The size of the nail heads is also increased to prevent water from getting under the sheet roofing material through the hole made by the fastener.

Slate nails are needed for attaching asbestos-cement sheets to a wooden crate. They are hammered into the crest of the slate wave through pre-drilled holes, and the ends of the fasteners protruding from the opposite side of the batten board must be bent so that strong gusts of wind cannot rip off the roofing material. Therefore, slate nails are produced only in large sizes - from 70 mm and more. Such nails have a serious structural difference: their head is not a single unit with the hardware rod (it is made of a corrosion-resistant material in the form of a “blotch” on a regular head), and its size is increased. A large galvanized cap, together with a rubber seal placed under it, well and reliably protects the hole from moisture getting under the slate.

Roofing nails are designed for nailing soft bitumen-based roll roofing materials to hard and flat bases: wooden lathing or chipboard sheets. They are distinguished by their relatively short length and enlarged flat cap. Its diameter is about 5 times the thickness of the rod. Due to the large contact area, roofing material, roofing felt, building cardboard or shingles, fixed with such hardware, are tightly pressed to the base and do not tear at the attachment point. Roofing nails are produced in a weatherproof design to protect the metal from corrosion.

Finishing nails

Skirting nails, as their name implies, are designed for fixing skirting boards and trim. Their small caps are easily recessed below the surface of a wooden product with a hammer and a finisher, and the resulting depression is leveled with putty, paint and varnish. Unlike finishing nails, plinth nails have a thin notch on the surface of the rod, which provides better fixation of the hardware in the material to be fixed.

Special and decorative types of nails

Stud nails are designed to fasten glazing beads - wooden planks that hold the window glass in the frame. They do not have hats, so after applying putty they are completely invisible.

Small shoe studs are used in the manufacture and repair of shoes to install heels and heels. After clogging, they hide in the thickness of the material.

Nails and corrosion resistance

Typically, nails are made from unheated steel wire. But fasteners made of “black” steel without a protective coating are only suitable for the construction of temporary structures (for the sake of economy, since they are cheaper than their counterparts resistant to corrosion) or for interior work. "Black" nails rust quite quickly with constant contact with water or atmospheric moisture, so it is not advisable to use them outdoors. Over time, they lose strength due to metal oxidation and leave characteristic rusty spots and stains on the fastened materials.

Heat-treated ("hot") nails are much stronger than conventional ones. Hardened metal fasteners easily hammer into masonry or porous concrete without bending or deforming.

Corrosion resistance of fasteners is achieved by coating the metal surface with a material that is resistant to water and moisture. A protective galvanic coating of zinc, aluminium, copper or brass increases the cost of nails, but also protects them from the harmful effects of corrosion. It is such fasteners that are advisable to use for outdoor work. In addition, brass or copper-plated nails are less noticeable against the background of wood due to their shade. Therefore, they are often used for the installation of finishing materials from different types of wood: lining, skirting boards, platbands.

Construction nails are the most popular fasteners. To hang a picture, hang a cash and a plinth, you need to know how to properly hammer a nail. Everywhere you look, you see these little metal soldiers holding various parts. None of them will pass by.

Construction, finishing, slate nails and many others

No matter how simple the fasteners seem at first glance, they have three components: a head, a spike and an end, they come in a square section or in the form of a pyramidal cross. The body and head of the nail may have different sizes and various forms. Variations in these parameters determine specific purposes and required mounting hardware. In the Soviet Union, there was a GOST for building nails No. 4028-63, where the quantity in the package, their size and design were indicated. It is also used in production today.

Purpose of nails and their basic configuration:

Simple building nail. Its length ranges from 12 to 250 mm, the cap is several times larger than the diameter of the iron rod. There are transverse protruding notches on the body of the fastener near the head, helping it to hold on tighter in the material;
Screw nail. It was named, you guessed it, by the type of rod, the outer surface of which is made in the form of a spiral. The strength of the connection with the help of such a nail increases. Often these nails have a square section. When swelling, these fasteners do not come out of the material on their own. A screw nail is practically a screw.
comb nail. Its body can be represented as series-connected truncated cones; on the side, it has a tooth-like profile. Just like the previous copy, it has a high bond strength. Such fasteners are used in the manufacture of euro-pallets or similar structures that require a rigid bond and high strength;
Finishing nail. It differs from the simple design of the nail in that it has a reduced diameter of the cap - only 1.5 of the diameter of the rod. When mounting structures, the cap is driven into the material, as a result of which the cap is practically invisible. Often in practice, they use simple construction nails, after biting off their hat. But such a “scheme” reduces the strength of the fastening, since the material will be held only due to friction forces and without using the cap as a support;
Roofing nails- nails with a larger flat head. In construction, it is used for roofing. They have huge caps, 5-7 times larger than the diameter of the body, which helps not to damage the roofing material (roofing material, roofing felt) and increases the pressing area. When using such nails, it is better to play it safe and put it under a rubber gasket. This will further increase the strength of the connection, reduce damage to the material and will prevent the penetration of water;
Slate nails. In fact, the same design of ordinary nails, but they have a huge galvanized hat, are attached to the main head of the nail, which helps prevent water from entering under the slate.

According to the shape of the cap, all nails are divided into two types: with a hidden and a hidden hat. Hidden hat, of course better, it sits flush in the material, creating a smooth surface. If you drive in a nail with a simple head, there may be noticeable structural disturbances in place of the material, that is, they will be visible, or, as in the case of an MDF board, it may burst altogether.

Galvanized and aluminum nails

The material that is used for nails can be very diverse. It all depends on the conditions and purpose of using the nail. Usually buyers do not think about it when used outside the house, where the nails rust. A rusty nail does not fulfill its main function. Therefore, it is better to choose simple construction nails made of galvanized or black steel.

Galvanized nails designed for use in buildings, they are less prone to corrosion, which prevents terrible rust stains on the material. "Dark" nails are recommended for the installation of temporary structures, as they will oxidize when interacting with moisture.

To solve rust problems, you can store nails in oil or dip them before driving in. into oil. This will allow the nail to enter the structure more easily and will not rust, and when hammered into the wood, the fibers will swell due to oil, which will lead to better fastening.

brass nails. Such fastening material has high anti-corrosion properties, well resist oxidation in aggressive environments. Due to the peculiar color, they blend well against the background of wooden panels.

As funny as it may sound at first glance, there are aluminum nails. Aluminum itself oxidizes surprisingly quickly, but aluminum oxide obtained as a result of interaction with oxygen is very resistant to environment. It is not affected by water or acids. That is why aluminum nails, along with brass ones, are recommended for exterior finish buildings.

How to hammer a nail?

Any man should know how to hammer a nail. Many people think that you need to hit the hat with a hammer and that's it, but there are no less tricks in this matter than wisdom in an oriental fairy tale. Here are a couple of tips that will be useful to every man:

When fastening two materials, do not forget that the nail must enter the body of the lower part by 2/3 of its own length. The same rule is used when driving nails into the wall. For mounting hinged structures the nail needs to be driven in, slightly tilting its hat towards the ceiling. So under load, the nail will be better kept in the wall.
If you are installing a wooden floor, then the nails are driven evenly into the first board, and into each subsequent one a little at an angle, deviating the hat from the already nailed floorboard. Entering the tree, the nail will pull each subsequent board to the previous one, reducing the gap between them. This rule applies to the installation of any structures.

It would seem that it could be easier than an ordinary nail. However, the question how to choose nails” is asked not only by novice home craftsmen, but also by experienced craftsmen.

The variety of nails baffles many, although absolutely all nails are a metal rod, pointed on one side and with a hat on the other. Nails can be safely called the oldest and most common fastener, but nails do not lose their relevance. This type of hardware is used for the permanent connection between various wooden elements and structures.

Most often, nails are made from seamless wire, but forged and stamped nails are produced. It all depends on the material and the scope of their application.

Variety of types by scope

When wondering how to choose nails, you should first of all know what elements they are needed for fastening. The variety of types in the scope of application is extensive, depending on this, the following types are distinguished:

Special areas of use

The above types of nails are used specifically in construction or decoration, but there are also nails that are used in strictly defined areas. This includes glass (for fixing glass in frames), decorative, plaster, shoe, horseshoe nails. Special areas of use are clear from the names.

The aesthetic appearance of the parts to be joined will also depend on how you choose the nails according to the type of hat. It can be hidden, which is driven flush with the surface of the material, or ordinary - when driven in, a trace remains from the violation of the structure of the wood itself.

Production material

Knowing how to choose nails, you will not be mistaken in the material from which they are made. The material of manufacture, most often, is black or galvanized steel wire. "Black" nails begin to rust on contact with moisture almost immediately, so they are used for temporary structures where metal oxidation and rusty streaks do not matter. Galvanization on nails allows them to be used in interior work - they retain their properties for a long time, do not rust and do not leave rust marks as a result.

Even better than galvanizing, copper plating or brass coating protects the nail material. These metals are even more resistant to various aggressive environments, in addition, brass nails look inconspicuous against the natural color of wood, which allows them to be used instead of finishing nails.

An important factor is the length of the nail. It is selected for each specific case based on the thickness of the fastened parts. How to choose nails according to their length? For a quality connection, the nail must be driven into the part to which it is attached, at least 2/3 of its length.

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What are the nails for the board 50 by 100. Types of nails, how to choose a nail, how to hammer a nail. Lathing for seam covering