What are asbestos cement sheets. Flat asbestos cement sheets. Use for formwork and horticultural structures

The construction market is constantly expanding the range of roofing material, both new options appear and old ones are modified. But there is one that has remained unchanged for many years - slate, also known as asbestos-cement sheet.

The most common option is corrugated slate, but flat sheets of asbestos cement should not be discounted. This article will focus on flat slate, let's look at its advantages, characteristics, scope, etc.

Types of flat slate

Flat asbestos-cement sheets are divided into two groups:

1. pressed;
2. without pressing.

Pressed - more popular in private housing construction. It is produced by pressing on it with a press. Thus, improved density characteristics are obtained - up to 1.8 g / cm³, and impact strength - up to 2.5 kJ / m².

The porosity of the material has a low level, so the service life is longer. It also withstands more freeze and thaw cycles - up to 50, after which the strength of the sheet decreases by 10%.

Slate produced without pressing is inferior to the previous one in many respects. It withstands only 25 cycles of freezing and thawing, its density is 1.6 g/cm³, and its resistance to mechanical stress is 2 kJ/m². Also, the indicators and bending strength are weaker - 18 MPa, against 23 MPa for the pressed one.

Video: Asbestos (asbestos cement) sheet / Flat slate

Scope of application

The main area where flat asbestos-cement sheets are used:

• roof;
• cladding of the facade of the house;
• fence making.

In fact, the scope of use is much wider. Alternatively, flat slate sheets can be used to create flower beds or high beds on the garden plot. Flat sheets can sheathe a balcony, households. building, etc.

Also, flat slate trimmings are used as formwork for the foundation of a small building. Sheets of high density and thickness are suitable for creating a garden path.

Flat slate roof

As a roofing material, an asbestos-cement sheet 8–10 mm thick is used. You can use thicker products, but then you have to strengthen truss system, since it will be subjected to a large load.

For rafters, a board with a section of 10 × 15 cm is taken, they are strong enough and able to withstand the weight of slate. The distance between them should not exceed 1 m. Then, a vapor barrier is laid on the rafters and a crate is mounted. As a crate, it is better to use a beam 5 × 5 cm.

Advice! Treat all wooden parts in advance with an antiseptic and fire-fighting agents (flame retardants).

Nailed to the crate flat slate, this is done in a checkerboard pattern. Each next row overlaps the previous one. Fixation is not performed like with wave nails, but special galvanized or stainless steel roofing screws are used.

Before screwing in a self-tapping screw, a hole is drilled in the sheet at a distance of at least 7 cm from the edge of the sheet. A rubber washer is placed under the screws, which closes the hole.

After installation, in order to protect the slate and extend its service life, it is advisable to additionally paint it with a special paint. Priming is done before painting.

Characteristics of asbestos-cement sheets

Below is a table with the technical characteristics of flat asbestos-cement sheets.

Advantages and disadvantages

Flat slate has a number of undeniable advantages. Its advantages include:

• solid - withstands heavy loads;
• high temperature resistant;
• durable;
• ease of processing;
• resistant to chemical and biological influences;

Conclusion

Of course, asbestos-cement sheets are not an attractive enough material from the point of view of designers. But they can ennoble the roof or facade of any outbuildings. In this case, the cost of material will not be large. That is why the demand for flat slate is still on top.

Watch the video: How to sheathe a house CHEAPLY. The practice of using flat slate.

Asbestos cement sheets, price which has settled on the market, a very worthy material, tested by time and practice of use in construction. Asbestos-cement sheet flat pressed available for coatings various surfaces. Aceide sheets provide effective fire protection of premises. They are very popular in the electrical industry due to their flame retardant composition. Flat slate, price which is acceptable, in view of its immense popularity, is used for arranging walls for various purposes, partitions and barriers.

Characteristics of asbestos cement and its main disadvantages

Sheet asbestos-cement flat It is made by the method of creating a two-component composite. Fluffed asbestos combines with cement mortar and layer-by-layer molded to a certain thickness of the sheet. The mixture is then pressed, dried and packaged for the consumer. The material and the technology itself are simple, economically justified, the products are beneficial in the construction business, in decorative design various surfaces.

Main technical specifications asbestos cement products are as follows:

• physical density of the material - 1800-2000 kg / m3;
• water absorption per day - up to 20%;
• frost resistance of products - up to 50 cycles (low indicator);
• geometric thicknesses in products - 6-10 mm;
• bending strength - fragile products;
• the material is non-combustible, has good mounting properties.

One of the most common in construction is sheet asbestos-cement flat 10 mm. It is used for sheathing various designs when installing fences. Asbestos cement sheets, thickness which allows them to be used in composite structures of walls, partitions, are very popular in the installation of prefabricated buildings and industrial structures.

The biggest disadvantage of asbestos cement is its non-compliance with environmental safety standards. Medicine has established that asbestos dust is harmful to humans. Therefore, the future of asbestos as a building component is hopeless.

We present you GLASS panels!

To date, in construction there is a material that successfully replaces asbestos cement - this is STEKLOTSEM. These panels are manufactured using a new vibro-rolling technology, which makes their structure dense and solid. The front surface is smooth and even, which allows them to be used for any solutions where asbestos-cement sheets are used. The use of fiberglass mesh and mineral fillers give products strength, flexibility and durability.

We produce panels measuring 1200 x 2400 mm with a thickness of 4 to 40 mm

• It consists of only environmentally friendly mineral materials: fractionated sand, granulated foam glass, expanded clay and alkali-resistant glass mesh. All materials are hypoallergenic and do not have any effect on the human body.
• Thanks to the production technology, the front side is absolutely smooth, which means that there is no need to carry out any leveling work before finishing.
• Sheets with glass fiber do not delaminate, do not swell or deform even after a long stay in a humid room. Therefore, they can be used for finishing pools, saunas and basements.
• Biostability. The surface of the canvas is resistant to fungi and mold, as well as to acids and alkalis.
• Strength. The material is not afraid of any mechanical influences.
• Ease of installation. The sheets are easy to work with, they are cut and do not crumble, and they do not crack during installation.
• Ease. Compared to fiber cement boards, GLASS sheets are lighter.
• Fire resistance and frost resistance. The material is 100% fire-resistant class NG1, KM0 and resists high and low temperatures.

A big plus over the Asbestos-cement sheet are the characteristics of GLASS.
If we are talking about the use of material for external work, durability and not wanting to do overhaul after 5-10 years, then, undoubtedly, it is worth choosing GLASS.

Get the Brochure with the description and application of GLASS

The technical characteristics of the GLASSEM panel are higher than asbestos-cement flat sheet, price which is lower. Time moves inexorably forward, and with it new materials with new properties are born. Yields to STEKLOTSEM in all respects and slate sheet, price which is one of the most attractive. Below are the characteristics of GLASS CEM panels:

• density - 1400-1900 kg / m3;
• water absorption - up to 4%;
• works for bending
• frost resistance - 150-300 cycles;
• geometric thickness of the material - 4.0-40 mm;
• strength - high;
• non-combustible material (class NG1) KM0;
• has good mounting properties.

As you can see, almost all parameters are superior to those of asbestos cement. Even for such important indicator like fire safety buy aceid sheet less profitable than a modern GLASS panel. The benefits of using this advanced material are so obvious that before buy asbestos-cement sheets, it is worth thinking carefully and weighing all the pros and cons for the use of one or another material. Our company will provide you with all necessary materials high quality and in the required quantity.

asbestos cement - construction material made from an aqueous mixture of cement and asbestos. Thin fibers of asbestos in asbestos cement act as a reinforcement, and cement, mixed with water, is an adhesive. Asbestos cement can be considered as a thinly reinforced cement stone, in which the asbestos fibers, which have high tensile strength, perceive tensile stresses, and the cement stone perceives compressive ones.

Asbestos is the collective name for fibrous minerals, white, yellow, greenish or gray colors, which, due to the optimal combination of quality and price, has been used in construction for more than 100 years. Asbestos is not affected by heat, therefore it is used for the manufacture of fireproof fabrics, paper, gaskets, cords, and is used for the manufacture of refractory paints, etc. Also, asbestos fibers have exceptionally high strength, tensile elasticity, chemical and physical resistance. This allows (before cement setting) from a sheet with a thickness of 5-10 mm to form products various shapes. It should be noted the unique property of asbestos - its radiation comfort. Houses built using asbestos-containing building structures have radiation protection.

Advantages

Accordingly, asbestos cement products have a number of advantages: high reliability and resistance to aggressive environments, their service life is several times higher than metal products. They are not subject to electrochemical corrosion, are fireproof, durable in the ground, and are also easy to install. The disadvantages of asbestos cement include susceptibility to brittle fracture and deformability with changes in humidity. But the disadvantages can be reduced by additional reinforcement and hydrophobization - the addition of special additives. Any asbestos-cement product is nothing more than a strong stone in which asbestos fibers are monolithically connected with cement.

Products

Asbestos-cement pipes are a promising type of multi-purpose product with a set of unique properties:

• not subject to corrosion and decay
• not prone to "overgrowth"
• have high strength and low thermal conductivity
• durable, cold hardy
• several times cheaper than similar products made from other materials

Asbestos-cement pipes are still in great demand by builders. Non-pressure pipes are used: for laying communication cables and electrical cables, for constructing free-flow sewerage pipelines, for drainage collectors, for chimneys and air ducts, for drainage through roads and crossings, instead of metal and wooden posts for fences, for replacing bricks when building cellars, for overlapping roofs of garages and industrial buildings, for the construction of foundations. Non-pressure pipes are completed with polyethylene and asbestos-cement couplings. This allows you to exclude the weakest sections of the heat pipe. Pressure pipes are used: for laying pressure water supply, reclamation and irrigation systems, when laying pressure networks for drinking and technical water, for pressurized sewerage, heating mains, ventilation, for thermal insulation in thermal units, for drainage collectors, chimneys, air ducts, gas ducts, for foundations in wetlands, for draining through roads and crossings, for fence posts, as casing pipes for wells, for the manufacture of durable livestock feeders, trays, for the manufacture of garage floors, gutters. For example, asbestos-cement pipes have proven themselves well when used in heating systems. In countries such as Germany, Belgium, Austria, gas pipeline networks made of asbestos-cement pipes have been in operation for over 30 years. AT Russian Federation The experimental 40 km section has been in operation for 18 years.

The low coefficient of thermal conductivity of asbestos cement allows you to minimize the cost of thermal insulation. The pipeline from it does not require protection from the effects of stray currents and groundwater.

General purpose asbestos cord consists of chrysotile asbestos fibers mixed with cotton and other chemical fibers. According to the structure, it is divided into two groups: without a core and with a core. Coreless cords are produced, ranging in size from 0.7 to 8 mm in diameter, which are a cylindrical body consisting of several additions of single-strand yarn twisted together. In this case, the direction of twist is opposite to the direction of twist of the single-filament yarn. Cords with a core are produced with a diameter of 10-25 mm. As the core, asbestos threads, yarn, roving in several additions or asbestos downy cord of the ShAP brand, entwined on the outside with asbestos thread, or yarn in several additions, are used. Are issued in reels or bays. It is used for thermal insulation of hot pipelines, as a seal in various thermal units. Working environment: gas, steam, water, working environment temperature up to + 400 gr.С, vibration-resistant.

Asbestos and non-asbestos stuffing box packings are used to fill stuffing box chambers in order to seal movable joints of various machines and devices. These materials are used in the chemical and petrochemical industries, mechanical engineering, metallurgy and metalworking, electrical engineering and power industry.

Sheets include profiled, flat and special purpose. Flat cladding sheets are produced: pressed (high strength) and non-pressed natural gray, painted or textured. Apply to interior decoration auxiliary premises of residential and public buildings, panel cladding, installation of sanitary cabins, as fences for balconies, stairs, etc. The products are distinguished by durability, high strength properties, fire resistance, and biostability. They belong to the group of non-toxic and non-combustible materials. Not so long ago, facade slabs appeared, the basis of which are high-strength pressed asbestos-cement sheets. They are intended for facade cladding and interior cladding of residential, public and industrial buildings and structures, for the manufacture wall panels, partitions, suspended ceilings and other structures for construction, except for ventilation shafts. A protective primer layer and a colored acrylic-polyurethane coating, resistant to atmospheric and mechanical influences, are applied to the base of the facade slabs. It can be additionally sprinkled with decorative crumbs, for example, from natural stone. The unique application technology allows obtaining coatings with high performance.

Asbestos cement roofing slate - inexpensive, easy to install and one of the most famous roofing materials. Asbestos-cement slate sheets are produced on sheet-forming machines by molding a mixture consisting of Portland cement (a hydraulic binder most commonly used in modern construction), asbestos and water, followed by hardening. Fine asbestos fibers, evenly distributed in the cement, form a reinforcing mesh that significantly increases the tensile strength of the slate and impact strength. A slate roof is several times cheaper than tiles and tin, and the simplicity of its construction makes it easy to equip the roof of your home. Solutions to a number of environmental, architectural and economic problems are the use of special water-dispersion paints applied to the front surface of the sheet. In the production of painted slate, persistent dyes are used, they have high hiding power, weather and light resistance, they are used for industrial and household coloring of slate and other asbestos-cement products, which are not only weatherproof, significantly extended in service life, but also aesthetically attractive. Asbestos-cement roofing is traditionally widely used in Russia. It is adapted for all climatic zones. Among other advantages - the comparative cheapness of materials (several times cheaper than tiles, metal, polymers), low maintenance costs. In addition, building materials made from substitutes are far from always environmentally friendly.

Asbestos fabrics - a fabric of interwoven asbestos threads containing from 5 to 18% of the binder fiber (viscose, cotton, lavsan) are used as a heat-resistant heat-insulating and cushioning material. They are used in the manufacture of industrial equipment, asbestos-textolites, for sewing heat-resistant clothing, as well as for the manufacture of rubberized fabrics. Supplied in rolls.

Asbestos board for general use - used as a fire retardant thermal insulation material, as well as for sealing connections of devices, equipment and communications. There are brands - for thermal insulation at a temperature of the insulated surface up to 500 ° C; and there are cardboard grades for sealing connections of devices, equipment and communications operating at a maximum pressure of the medium of 0.6 MPa and a maximum temperature of the medium, ° C: gases - 500; alkalis - 200; inorganic acids, except for fluorosilicic acid 120; solutions and melts of salts 400

Asbestos paper BT (heat-insulating) is made on the basis of chrysotile asbestos (asbestos chips). Asbestos content 98-99%. It is used for thermal insulation of hot surfaces (boilers, pipelines, heating elements), in the production and heat treatment of metals, sheets, etc. Temperature of insulated surfaces: up to + 500 degrees. Fire and explosion proof. Resistant to aging, decay and other biological influences. Asbestos electrical insulating paper is made from asbestos fiber processed as an aqueous suspension with a small amount of binder.

Special purpose products

Special-purpose products include rectangular or circular ventilation ducts, half-cylinders to protect the thermal insulation layer of pipes from mechanical damage, sheets of double curvature for conveyor galleries, vaulted elements for the construction of summer pavilions of tourist bases, camps, etc. Waterproof umbrellas used in underground subway structures to ensure watertightness load-bearing structures vaults. Arc-resistant asbestos-cement electrical products (ATSEID) are a good electrical material for a wide range of applications with increased arc resistance and electrical strength. They are used for the manufacture of electrical panels, parts and bases of electrical machines, bodies of arc chutes, gaskets and plates, induction furnaces, fencing of electric furnaces, etc., where protection and operation at high voltages are necessary. Also, ACEID is widely used as a building material (ceilings, window sills), its difference is extremely high strength and fire safety. Irrigation canals are often covered with these boards. In addition to the above examples of the use of asbestos, there are a number of products that include this natural material. Asbestos-cement products are among those types of building materials, the development of which affects the scale of construction, its economy and technical level. Over the past twenty years, Russia has occupied a leading position in the world in terms of asbestos mining.

Asbestos-cement sheet, better known as slate, has not lost its fame as a unique building material for many decades, being successfully used in modern construction.

Application area

Slate sheets today are made in two versions - wave and flat.

But if the profile corrugated sheet is used only as roofing, then flat finds a much wider application.

It is used in the construction of residential buildings, as well as administrative and industrial facilities. Asbestos-cement flat sheet in this case is used as a fixed formwork of the foundation, used for the construction of unloaded partitions in the building, as one of the components of the pie flat roof, dry screed for floors or as a fence for balconies and loggias.

In the production of sandwich panels, slate is a facing component.

AT agriculture it is used for the construction of fences, pens for livestock, cages in poultry farms.

Types of asbestos-cement sheets

Slate is a mixture of asbestos fiber, Portland cement and water. Distributed evenly across total weight composition, it is asbestos that creates a reinforcing base that gives the sheets and tensile strength.

Depending on the production technology, asbestos-cement sheet is produced unpressed and pressed. The pressing method makes it possible to significantly improve its performance, thereby increasing strength and reducing porosity.

Since non-pressed slate has a lower strength and 2 times less thawing-freezing cycle than its pressed counterpart, it is used only inside buildings.

Both types of slate are notable for their low price, and the unpressed asbestos-cement sheet is much cheaper.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is no coincidence that this building material is in great demand. He is distinguished by high specifications, the main ones being:

• frost resistance and the ability to tolerate temperature extremes well;
• no deformation during heating;
• high strength;
• good sound insulation;
• indifference to ultraviolet;
• high fire safety;
• the ability not to accumulate or shield electromagnetic fields;
• high anti-corrosion properties;
• resistance to rot and mold;
• ease of processing and ease of installation;
• durability.

Such properties have all types of slate. Along with this, flat pressed asbestos-cement sheet has even better qualities:

• twice the ability to withstand temperature extremes;
• higher margin of safety;
• very low porosity.

Thanks to the latter property, its water absorption is reduced, and the sheet successfully resists the appearance of moss on its surface.

The durability of 30 years, which is inherent in unpressed slate, increases to 40–45 years.

One of the main disadvantages is the relative fragility of the sheets, which requires heightened attention during transport and installation.

In addition, they include:

• the severity of the sheets, which makes it impossible to stack them alone;
• need for processing cutting tools cover sections with special compounds;
• tendency (over time) towards moss.

Necessary protection

To increase service life and maintain performance characteristics all types of slate need additional coloring. Due to this, over time, the sheets practically do not collapse, the emission of asbestos particles into the air decreases, the level of water absorption decreases, which increases frost resistance, and a barrier is created for the growth of lichens and mosses.

Asbestos-cement sheet (slate) is treated with special acrylic paints. They not only create a protective film on its surface, due to which the service life is increased by 2 times, but also give it an aesthetic appearance.

Mounting Features

Before you start laying slate on the roof or making wall sheathing, you need to purchase a respirator. It will prevent the inhalation of dust, which is formed when cutting sheets.

You should also be aware that all sections should be immediately treated with acrylic paint.

Before starting the installation, asbestos-cement sheets are viewed, sorting out the broken ones and those that have chips.

Nails used for fastening sheets must be provided with a galvanized cap and a rubber washer. You can't hit them right away. First, holes must be drilled in the slate for them, after which, carefully, with a hammer, begin the fastening process.

In the process of laying, in order not to damage the sheets, you can not walk on them. For movement it is necessary to use special ladders or walkways.

We can all observe many buildings with a perfectly preserved slate roof. It, unlike other roofing, does not heat up in the sun and is able to withstand intense wind load and human weight. Slate is not a conductor of electricity, which is also important for roofing. This material is time-tested and is not going to leave the construction market.

What is asbestos cement sheets

Asbestos-cement sheet, which is a flat slab, is also in demand in many areas. It is made from cement and chrysotile-asbestos fibers by pressing a mixture of these components. Asbestos fibers, evenly distributed over the entire mass of the sheet, are a kind of reinforcing mesh, which significantly improves all the characteristics of slate.

Such building slabs are easy to install and can last at least 50 years. Flat slate is characterized by high frost resistance and fire resistance. Tests show that even after 50 freezes, slate loses only 10% of its original strength.

The use of asbestos-cement sheets

Asbestos-cement sheets are used in a variety of building structures - in partitions, balcony railings, loggia decoration, in ventilation shafts, in fixed formwork, and fences. According to such characteristics as sound insulation, airtightness, moisture resistance, slate is practically not inferior to modern materials used in the manufacture of sandwich panels, as well as ventilated facades. Given that slate has a very low cost, its popularity is understandable.

Flat slate is closest in terms of basic indicators to cement-bonded particle boards, which are also made using cement. However, sawdust is used as a filler in DSP. Modern building standards set up the consumer to be more responsible for the problem of environmental safety. This factor is one of the reasons for the growing popularity of these materials. But it should be understood that asbestos-cement boards and DSPs can have different characteristics.

The use of asbestos-cement sheets in interior decoration

Since there is no asbestos in cement-bonded particle boards, this material can be used in interior decoration. But due to the presence of a certain amount of organic inclusions in the DSP, it is necessary to narrow the scope of these plates. This is due, in particular, to the high absorbency wood materials. As a result of moistening, the linear dimensions of the DSP boards change, and their strength characteristics decrease.

Asbestos-cement slabs practically do not change their geometric shape as a result of exposure to moisture. This material retains all of its useful qualities throughout the entire period of operation. Although DSP is a low-combustible material, it is inferior to asbestos-cement sheets in this indicator.

If necessary, you can paint the flat slate yourself. To do this, the sheet is covered, and after it dries, the first layer of paint is applied. This layer is the main one, so it takes 2/3 of all the prepared paint. Then a finishing layer is applied, giving the surface an even and uniform look.

Slate installation technology involves the use metal frame or crates for attaching sheets. Holes are drilled under the fasteners with countersinking for caps. To fasten the asbestos-cement sheet, you can use self-tapping screws with a countersunk head and a strong tip, as well as screws.