Construction / 17.10.2019

All types of plumbing. Plumbing pipes: types of designs and their diameters. What about plumbing fixtures

On May 13, 2013, the National Association of Designers received a letter from Boris Murashov, Deputy Head of the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Public Utilities, explaining the need for a certificate of approval issued by design SROs in order to develop working documentation.

Earlier, this request was sent to the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia. However, the position stated in the response letter that “the current legislation does not contain information about the need for a certificate of approval issued by self-regulatory organizations in the field of design for the development of working documentation” does not give an unambiguous answer. As a result, we prepared an appeal to Gosstroy with a request to instruct the relevant services to clarify the need for a certificate of admission to design work that affects the safety of capital construction facilities, when preparing working documentation based on project documentation.

One of the most important reasons for our appeal to Gosstroy to clarify this situation is that, in accordance with the current legislation, the designer, who has the approval of the relevant self-regulatory organization, is responsible for the quality of the prepared project documentation. At the same time, in practice, there are often cases when, at the stage of development of working documentation, persons who do not have a design permit make significant changes to the project, and, of course, these changes directly relate to the safety of the future facility.
Since the working documentation does not pass the examination, and the object is built in accordance with the working documentation, it turns out that the initial designer will be responsible for the final product. It will be very difficult to find those who developed the working documentation and made changes to the project documentation. We made sure that members of self-regulatory organizations in the field of design are not responsible for violations of design documentation that were not made by them.

In the case of using the Gosstroy letter, we will come to the conclusion that both the design and working documentation will be developed by those who have the approval of the SRO, they will also be responsible. Otherwise, we could come to a legal collapse, when, due to the damage, it would not be possible to find the one responsible. In the case of development of working documentation by other persons, the designer has the right to refuse responsibility for the quality of these works.

The clarification received from Gosstroy, in particular, indicates an exhaustive list of regulatory legal acts, the requirements of which the working documentation must comply with, namely Federal Law No. and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of this federal law. The list also includes the Decree of the Government Russian Federation No. 468 dated June 21, 2010 “On the procedure for conducting construction control during construction, reconstruction and overhaul capital construction projects” and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 54 dated February 1, 2006 “On State Construction Supervision in the Russian Federation”.

Project and working documentation differ significantly from each other. This is, first of all, different packages documents. Project documentation is documentation containing materials in text form and in the form of maps (diagrams) and defining architectural, functional, technological, constructive and engineering solutions for the construction, reconstruction of capital construction facilities, their parts, and overhaul. The composition and requirements for the content of sections of the design documentation in relation to various types capital construction facilities, including linear facilities, the composition and requirements for the content of sections of project documentation in relation to individual stages construction, reconstruction of capital construction facilities, the composition and requirements for the content of sections of project documentation during the overhaul of capital construction facilities, as well as the composition and requirements for the content of sections of project documentation submitted for examination of project documentation and to state construction supervision bodies, are established by the Government of the Russian Federation .

According to the working documentation, construction of facilities is carried out, state construction supervision and construction control are organized and carried out. It consists of documents in text form, working drawings, specifications of equipment and products. The volume, composition and content of the working documentation should be determined by the customer (developer), depending on the degree of detail of the solutions contained in the design documentation, indicated in the design assignment and correspond to the design documentation. Working documentation is developed in order to implement architectural, technical and technological solutions contained in the design documentation for the capital construction facility. This is indicated in the Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and the requirements for their content, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 dated February 16, 2008.

Due to the fact that today the construction of facilities is carried out mainly on the basis of working documentation, economic facilities that have employees with the necessary qualifications and experience in the relevant profile, who have the equipment to carry out these works, should be allowed to prepare them, as well as having a system of property liability to consumers for the quality of work performed, including a civil liability insurance system. The quality of preparation of working documentation directly affects the indicators of such characteristics of a capital construction object as safety, durability, energy efficiency, seismic resistance, and others.

Thanks to a letter from Gosstroy, the answer to this question was found: architectural and construction design is carried out by preparing design documentation and working documentation prepared on its basis in accordance with the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The development of working documentation, which, like design documentation, ensures the safety of an object, is not an independent stage of architectural and construction design, therefore, the definition of the term “working documentation” is not provided for by the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. Due to the fact that working documentation is developed only on the basis of and in the development of project documentation, an individual entrepreneur or legal entity has the right to carry out work on the preparation of project documentation and, on its basis, working documentation that affect the safety of capital construction facilities, only when the presence of a certificate issued by a self-regulatory organization on admission to work on the preparation of project documentation.

Anton Moroz, Chief of Staff of the National Association of Designers

Full or partial reprint of materials - only with the written permission of the editors!

working documentation

working documentation- a set of text and graphic documents that ensure the implementation of the technical solutions of the capital construction object adopted in the approved project documentation, necessary for the production of construction and installation work, providing construction with equipment, products and materials and / or manufacturing building products. (Note: the working documentation includes the main sets of working drawings, specifications of equipment, products and materials, estimates, other attached documents developed in addition to the working drawings of the main set). .

The composition, design and content of the working documentation is determined by the requirements of the GOST SPDS set of documents and can be specified in the design assignment by the Technical Customer.

As required Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation in contrast to the previously existing regulatory documents, the stages of design are not provided for: “Feasibility Study”, “Project”, “Detailed Design”, “Detailed Documentation”, but the concepts “ Project documentation” and “Working documentation”. The difference between the "Project Documentation" and the previously existing stage "Project" is that it is more detailed (detailing at the level of the previously existing stage "Design Design"), and the constructed object must fully comply with the "Project Documentation". If the detailing of the project documentation is sufficient for the implementation of the construction, then, at the decision of the Customer, the development of working documentation may not be carried out.

According to the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, with the simultaneous development of design and working documentation by the decision of the customer and with the consent of the expert organization, all documentation can be submitted for state expertise. But in fact, such a scheme only works on small objects. Large projects undergo an examination of the Project Documentation.

Due to the change in the requirements for the composition of sections of project documentation, the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia recommends, when determining the cost of design work, to accept the distribution of the base design price calculated using reference books of base prices for design work, depending on the design stage in the following sizes: project documentation - 40%, working documentation - 60%.

Depending on the specifics of construction projects and the completeness of the development of design and working documentation, the recommended ratio of the base design price can be adjusted by agreement between the design work contractor and the customer.

In addition, if the design assignment provides for the simultaneous development of design and full or partial development of working documentation, then the total percentage of the base price is determined by agreement between the customer (developer) of construction and the person preparing such documentation, depending on the architectural, functional and technological , design and engineering solutions contained in the project documentation, as well as the degree of their detail.

Notes

concept

A project can be called a set of information documents that are prepared at the stage of its creation. Here it is necessary to perform a certain sequence of actions and processes, as a result of which a prototype of the required final object is created.

Accordingly, for this purpose, special calculations of an economic and technical nature should be made, models, explanatory notes, drawings, diagrams should be developed.

Prior to the entry into force of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, it was envisaged that certain stages must be followed in the process of developing a project. First, it was necessary to prepare a rationale for technical and economic indicators, then complete the project itself. Currently, two main concepts are used: working and project documentation.

What is: essence and definition

Project documentation is a certain set of documents that appear as a result of a plan for the construction of an object, its reconstruction or repair. It all starts with a sketch - a diagram that gives an idea of the types of work that will need to be done and how to do it. In fact, a sketch is necessary to coordinate project activities with management, investor, government agencies.

Based on Article 48 of the Town Planning Code of Russia, project documentation is a specific set of documents that contain a list of information in the form of text records, diagrams and maps. In such materials, the features of constructive-architectural, engineering, technological solutions are noted, in which it is supposed to carry out the corresponding work on the reconstruction or construction of buildings or their parts. The same applies to the overhaul of structures in the case when it comes to work in which there is an impact on structural elements and object design. At the same time, the characteristics of operational safety and reliability of the construction object can be changed.

Design documents relating to certain types of work affecting the operational safety of the facility are only permitted legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who have the appropriate permission, confirmed by a certificate or license.

The list of works that affect the safety of operation of capital construction facilities is specified in normative document: order of the Ministry of Regional Development dated 12.12.2009 No. 624. In general, any person can prepare project documentation, most often on a contract basis. In this case, the contractor is responsible for compliance with the technical regulations.

Differences between working and project documentation

There are differences between the concepts of design and working documentation:

the main difference is that project documentation explores more questions about future construction;
the constructed object must fully comply with the requirements of the provisions of the project documentation;
if the full detailing of the phased design, defined in the main project, is sufficient for the further implementation of the construction process, then by the decision of the customer there is no need to create additional working documentation;
with the beginning of the simultaneous development of design and working documentation, it is necessary to undergo an initial check by the state expertise;
a two-stage project provides for the development of working documents only after its official approval;
project documentation is the legal basis for issuing an official building permit;
the detailed content of the working documentation is established by the client;
further creation of project documentation is not required for seasonal repair work or carrying out the necessary major repairs.

Types of documentation

Typical classification of project documentation includes:

The master plan, which defines the image of the entire construction site, in which the contours show the location of objects according to the project and reflect landscape design.
General drawings: schemes for facades, floor plans, as well as transverse and longitudinal sections of buildings. They indicate the location of the equipment, engineering Communication, their mutual alignment, marking, as well as dimensions.
Detail drawings that are made for complex assemblies. Such drawings indicate the dimensions of the details and elements of the building or structure, their conjugation, transverse section.
Project passport with main technical indicators.
An explanatory note containing information about the designed object, information about its application, appearance, device inside; reports on the most characteristic features of this object, its main technical indicators are given, the purpose, internal structure and operation of individual parts are indicated, and design features. In addition, the explanatory note explains the economic, social and other conditions and prerequisites for the creation of an object, arguing the choice of this option.
Calculations by parameters. They are produced on the basis of the achievements of physicochemical, biological and other branches of science.
Estimates that are fundamental.

In addition, for a more perspective display of the project, the facade drawings are made in color.

Main sections

The structure includes 13 approved stages, which reflect all the requirements for sections of project documentation:

explanatory note;
allotted land planning;
architectural plan solutions;
space-planning and constructive solutions;
data on engineering networks;
organization process description construction industry;
dismantling of capital construction objects;
labor protection and safety;
Fire safety;
conditions for people with handicapped;
energy efficiency and equipment with energy meters;
appraisal documents;
other necessary materials.

However, this is far from a complete list.

As additional sections project documentation can be used:

letters of permissive town-planning municipal committees;
design assignments;
technological tasks;
inventory plan of surrounding buildings;
reconstruction drawings;
baseline survey results;
recommendations in the field of civil defense and emergency situations.

Each section is carefully worked out with reinforcement of the required calculations.

Government Decree on sections of project documentation No. 87

This document, adopted on February 16, 2008 (as amended on April 21, 2018), is characterized by the following main points.

Decree No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content” has two sections, the first of which regulates the requirements for non-linear objects (buildings, structures), and the second covers information for linear infrastructure objects (roads, railways, power lines and etc. e). It is clearly stated what applies to certain types of objects.

The resolution on the composition of sections of project documentation contains a list of objects that require the development of a number of sections and for which this is not required.

For example, the formation of estimate documentation is carried out for objects that are financed from the budget. If the object is commercial, then the construction assessment is carried out at the request of the customer.

The composition of the sections of the design documentation for Decree 87 is described in sufficient detail. Also, the basic requirements for its content, on the basis of which the work is performed, are clearly stated.

Project documentation for each section consists of graphic and text parts. The document lists the necessary places that should be reflected in the graphic part in the form of diagrams, drawings. The text part of the sections of the design documentation 87 of the resolution describes a number of parameters. Among them are: calculations, justifications and criteria that must be reflected.

The design documentation sections in the resolution are closely linked to a number of articles of the Town Planning Code and regulations of each city or municipality.

Development

The existing SNiP regulations regulate the procedure for developing, agreeing and approving sections of project documentation according to existing standards.

For mass structures, as well as other technically simple objects, a detailed design can be developed on the basis of justification plans for construction.

The main document that regulates the relationship and obligations of the parties is the contract concluded by the customer with design firms. They are directly involved in the development of project documentation. An integral part of the contract should be the design task.

The development of sections of project documentation is carried out in the presence of consent to the selected location of the object on the basis of the approved justification for investments in construction or other preliminary materials.

The choice of a developer is most often carried out on a competitive basis, including through the conclusion of contracts.

The procedure for organizing and conducting a tender for design work is established by the investor in accordance with the Regulations on the sale of contracts in the Russian Federation, a number of methodological recommendations approved by law.

Working documentation as part of the design

The stages of work required in a particular case are determined by the customer and the designer in the contract. They are part of the design documentation sections.

Reference documents are not part of the working documentation and can be transferred to the client if it is stipulated in the contract.

calculation of justifications for investments;
approval of the location of the object from the authorities;
the act of choosing the land;
the task of architectural planning;
opportunities and technical conditions for connecting the designed objects to power sources, engineering networks and communications;
information about discussions with the public regarding decisions on the construction of the facility;
basic equipment data, including individual production;
data on completed R&D;
documents from the investor, acts of appraisal and decisions of municipal authorities on compensation for destroyed buildings;
materials from the administration and state supervisory authorities regarding the project environment and the state of the environment;
information on engineering surveys, measurement drawings of buildings and structures existing at the construction site;
drawings and characteristics of the company's products;
tasks of developing tender documentation;
conclusions and materials drawn from the results of a survey of existing industries, structures of buildings and structures.

Development management

At each stage of work, an estimate of costs is formed according to the composition of sections of the project documentation. In major foreign projects, at least four types of estimates have been compiled with increasing accuracy:

preliminary estimate, aimed at studying the viability of the project with an allowable error of 25-40%;
primary, with the aim of comparing planned costs with the norms of budget allocations (error - 15-25%);
indicative, designed to prepare a project financing plan with an acceptable accuracy of 10-15%;
final, aimed at conducting auctions with an allowable error of 5-6%.

The sequence of design work:

selection of a design company, signing contracts for the selected designer based on the results of the competition;
planning and evaluation of works and services;
proper design and documentation approval.

Organizational forms of design firms are very diverse:

Design and construction firms that carry out a full range of design, assembly, construction and commissioning.
Design institutes that carry out all the necessary work and solve the tasks of planning development areas. As a rule, such institutions specialize in industry.
Design institutes specializing in technology. Such institutions can be divided into three types: those specialized in the initial stage of the project; providing comprehensive services to clients requiring assistance with complex and specialized engineering issues; developing organizations and construction technologies.

The client must enter into an agreement with a licensor - legal or individual with the exclusive right to industrial use of technology under the project.

There are three options for choosing design companies by the customer:

Providing services of interest as needed. In this case, the client uses the services of the project company on the basis of a special agreement without a tender.
closed negotiations. If the design firm is already doing work for the client, then it is instructed to prepare a proposal for a new project, conduct an examination of these proposals and conclude an additional agreement to the contract.
competitive methods.

The functional responsibilities of design firms are divided into two parts:

Standard, which include: preliminary design, design, development of estimates, architectural supervision.
Additional, including: preparation for participation in the auction and assistance in their conduct; project analysis; development of investment justifications and feasibility studies; participation in project management; financing preparation, group functions.

Functions of the project manager

At all stages of the development of documentation, the project manager plays a leading role. In the Government Decree on the composition of sections of the project documentation, the functions of the manager are clearly defined. During the design process, the project manager performs the following tasks:

audit for compliance with the scope and timing of work with the required minimum;
selection and involvement of leading engineering specialists for the project;
coordination of their activities;
determining a rational start date to avoid premature implementation;
adjusting the number of employed workers;
control over changes in the project;
control of factors, conditions and documents that affect the cost of work;
ensuring a minimum range of products used.

Depending on the scale and complexity of the project, the functions of a manager can be assigned to the head of the entire project, or to a specially appointed project manager working in a team under supervision CEO.

Automation of design work

The regulation on the sections of project documentation involves the introduction of process automation.

Many foreign and domestic design firms have moved from computerization of individual and most labor-intensive types of work to computer-aided design (CAD), covering the entire process of creating a project.

However, the creation of CAD is preceded by an in-depth analysis of financial indicators. It is more profitable for small and medium-sized firms to use the services of outside specialists than to create their own system with a staff of specialists.

The main problems solved in the implementation of CAD include:

adaptation of the organizational structure of the company to the requirements of CAD;
choice software and calculations, taking into account the fact that they are updated every 5-6 years;
decision about the structure used in the data system.

In general, the data includes information about the specific consumption of materials, cost, technology, construction time, as well as standards and typical design solutions.

In many countries of the world, CADAD is working effectively - a universal system with CAD / CAM elements similar to artificial intelligence.

Conclusion

The preparation of project documentation must be treated with particular care, and, if necessary, specialists in this field should be hired. Project documentation, composition and content of sections is practically a guaranteed success in the implementation of the entire project as a whole, with proper preparation.

During the start of construction, there are many supporting documents that the developer must have. Such important concepts as the main design and working documentation are often confused by many. To understand the basic similarities and important differences between these important concepts, we must first give them a detailed definition.

Working Documentation Terminology

All working documentation for an important facility under construction is a set of text and graphic documents that help further implementation of all important technical solutions in terms of initial construction, approved in the main design papers. This working documentation is necessary for the further implementation of all further installation work, for the complete supply of the construction site with the required equipment, important building materials and raw materials for the creation of full-fledged building products.

Such a documentation set includes important sets of drawings, reflects all the specifics of the equipment used, as well as important financial estimates. The complete composition, design requirements, and the general content of all working documentation are indicated in the task for further design by the main technical customer.

The role of design documentation in the creation of a structure

The project type of documentation is full set important documents, also containing various graphic and plain text papers aimed at identifying architectural, important functional and technological, important engineering and technical solutions for further construction support.

The main difference of fundamental concepts

The main difference between the project type of documentation and the working one is its detail, it covers more points regarding future construction.
The erected object must fully comply with the main provisions of the project documentation.
If full detail phased construction, defined in the main project, is sufficient for the further implementation of the construction process, then by the decision of the customer himself, there is no need to create additional working documentation.
Also, according to the decision of the official customer, with the simultaneous development of important design and working documentation, all approved documentation must undergo an initial check by the state examination. Only this is done on the basis of the consent of the expert commission.
At the moment of accurately determining the total costs for all important design work on the basis of important basic price guides for similar design work, it is necessary to accept them in the following volumes: important design documentation with a volume of 40%, main working documentation - 60%.
Two-stage design involves the development of working papers only after the official approval of the project.
With a one-stage design type, the formation of important working documentation goes in parallel with the creation of a basic project.
The main project documentation serves as a legal basis for issuing official permission for further construction.
The entire composition, detailed content of important working documentation is established by the customer himself on the basis of the details prescribed in the main design documentation.
Further creation of project documentation is not needed during the seasonal reconstruction of the house or the necessary overhaul. Also, the creation of such documentation will not be required for the capital construction of separately located houses for the further residence of one family. The permissible number of floors in such a house should not exceed 3.

All development of the main working documentation is carried out for further implementation in the process of construction of the main architectural, technical, technological solutions. The defining provisions for this type of documentation do not contain any guidance on the sequence of development of the main working documentation, which allows them to be created both in conjunction with design papers and after their preparation.

Conclusion

Depending on the main specifics of the construction objects and the complete development of an important design and working type of documentation, the total percentage of basic prices is calculated on the basis of an agreement between the customer himself and a competent specialist who prepared such complex documentation. Both types of documentation are of particular importance for various project construction projects; these 2 fundamental concepts should not be used as synonyms, because they differ both in content and in general form. There are many nuances in these important papers that appear only in practice during the initial construction work. These 2 types of documentation help to create a building that meets the basic requirements of the customer, taking into account important quality standards.

Ancient mana - how to get and what to spend (WoW Legion)

The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Main Story Walkthrough

All types of plumbing. Plumbing pipes: types of designs and their diameters. What about plumbing fixtures