INSTRUCTION BOOK
ON LABOR SAFETY FOR WORKERS PERFORMING
WORKS ON INSTALLATION OF AUTOMATION SYSTEMS,
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, COMMUNICATIONS,
FIRE AND SECURITY ALARMS

IOT 11233753-001-2007

OJSC "Association "Montazhavtomatika"

OOO NORMA-RTM

FOREWORD

1 DESIGNED: The chief specialist of NORMA-RTM LLC Chudinov M.A.

2 AGREED: Technical Council of JSC - Association "Montazhavtomatika" 18.09.2007

3 APPROVED: Sirotenko B.C., Technical Director of OJSC - Association "Montazhavtomatika" 11/12/2007

IN PLACE: IOT 11233753-001-96

Date of introduction 1.01.2008

This labor protection instruction has been developed in accordance with the current rules and regulations and is intended for workers involved in special installation and commissioning work. The list of documents on labor protection and safety measures used in the development of the instruction is given in IM 14-52-2007.

Collection of instructions
on labor protection for workers performing work on the installation of automation systems,
electrical equipment, communications, fire and security alarms

IOT 11233753-001-2007

Introduction

This collection of instructions on labor protection was developed for workers of enterprises and organizations of OJSC "Association Montazhavtomatika".

When developing the collection, standard instructions were used for workers in construction, the construction industry and the building materials industry, approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, as well as labor protection instructions previously used by organizations of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy and organizations of other departments, the experience of developing instructions by organizations of OJSC “Association Montazhavtomatika” was taken into account.

When developing instructions, new regulatory documents, norms and rules in force in Russian Federation, including: TI R M-012-2000, TI R M-015-2000, TI R M-016-2000, TI R O 001-2003, TI R O 005-2003, TI R O 006-2003, TI R O 014-2003, TI R O 018-2003, TI R O 023-2003, TI R O 026-2003, TI R O 027-2003, TI R O 029-2003, TI R O 040-2003, TI R O 042-2003, TI R O 046-2003, TI R O 047-2003, TI R O 051-2003, TI R O 052-2003, TI R O 053-2003, TI R O 055-2003, TI R O 056-2003, TI R O 057-2003, TI R O 059-2003, TI R O 060-2003, POT R M 016-2001 with add. RD 153-34.0-03 and others.

This collection of instructions on labor protection for workers includes instructions for special installation and adjustment types of work, both for individual professions of workers, and for special working conditions that may arise when certain types of work are performed by workers with different professional composition.

Instructions must be introduced by order for the organization to apply, or, if necessary, pre-finalized in each organization, taking into account special working conditions.

In each case, workers should use sets of instructions that are appropriate for the nature of the work performed.

Example 1. A fitter for the installation of instruments and automation equipment when installing metal structures from scaffolds using an electric hammer drill should be familiar with the following instructions:

2 Instructions on labor protection for a fitter on instruments and apparatus for automatic control, regulation and control;

3 Instructions on labor protection for workers performing steeplejack work;

4 Instructions on labor protection when working with manual electrified, pneumatic and powder tools.

Example 2 When installing cable terminations using heat shrinkable materials and a propane torch, the electrician should be familiar with the following instructions:

1 Instruction on labor protection for workers in the construction and construction industry;

2 Labor protection instruction for electrician;

3 Instructions on labor protection when performing work using propane - butane.

A collection of instructions on labor protection and safety precautions must be kept by the foreman (foreman), as well as in an accessible place for familiarization in the working team.

Each employee must be familiarized with the instructions according to the nature of the work performed against signature. Separate instructions of the collection can be given to the employee in his hands, or given the opportunity to use them in the area of ​​work performed.

Developed in accordance with the standard instruction on labor protection for workers in the construction, construction industry and building materials industry TOI R-66-01-93, approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated November 22, 1993 No. 18-48.

1.1 This instruction applies to workers of various professions involved in the performance of construction and installation works, as well as performing work in assembly and procurement workshops, in warehouses and during transport operations.

1.2 The right of the employee to labor protection.

Every employee has the right to labor protection, including:

a) to a workplace protected from exposure to harmful or hazardous production factors that may cause an occupational injury, occupational disease or reduced performance;

b) for compensation for harm caused to him by injury, occupational disease, or other damage to health associated with the performance of his labor duties;

c) to receive reliable information from the employer or state and public bodies on the state of conditions and labor protection at the employee’s workplace, on the existing risk of damage to health, as well as on the measures taken to protect him from exposure to harmful or dangerous production factors;

d) to refuse without any unreasonable consequences for him from performing work in the event of an immediate danger to his life and health until this danger is eliminated;

e) to provide funds for collective and personal protection in accordance with the requirements of legislative and other regulatory acts on labor protection at the expense of the employer;

f) for training safe methods and methods of labor at the expense of the employer;

g) for professional retraining at the expense of the employer in case of suspension of activities or closure of the enterprise, workshop, site or liquidation of the workplace due to unsatisfactory working conditions, as well as in case of disability due to an accident at work or occupational disease;

h) to conduct inspections by state supervision and control bodies of labor conditions and safety, including at the request of an employee at his workplace;

i) to file a complaint with the relevant state authorities, as well as with trade unions and other representative bodies authorized by employees in connection with unsatisfactory working conditions and labor protection;

j) to participate in the inspection and consideration of issues related to the improvement of working conditions and labor protection.

The category of employees entitled to compensations and benefits for hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, the nature and extent of such compensations and benefits are determined by the relevant legislative and other regulations of the Russian Federation and the republics within the Russian Federation. Admission to work of persons who have not undergone training in the prescribed manner, briefing and testing of knowledge of the rules, norms and instructions on labor protection is prohibited.

1.3 Guarantee of the employee's right to labor protection.

The state, represented by legislative, executive and judicial authorities, guarantees the right to labor protection to employees participating in the labor process under an employment agreement (contract) with the employer.

The terms of the employment agreement (contract) must comply with the requirements of legislative and other regulatory acts on labor protection. An employment agreement (contract) shall specify reliable characteristics of working conditions, compensations and benefits to employees for hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions.

For the period of suspension of work at an enterprise, in a workshop, at a site, at a workplace due to violation of labor protection legislation, regulatory requirements for labor protection through no fault of the employee, the place of work, position and average earnings are retained.

In case of suspension of activities or closure of the enterprise due to violation of the legislation on protection or the impossibility of ensuring healthy and safe working conditions, which is confirmed by state supervision and control bodies, the employee of this enterprise is provided with a workplace in accordance with applicable law.

An employee's refusal to perform work in the event of an immediate danger to his life and health or from performing hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions not provided for by the employment contract does not entail any unreasonable consequences for him.

In case of liquidation of a workshop, site, workplace at the request of state supervision and control bodies due to the impossibility of ensuring healthy and safe working conditions, the employer is obliged to provide the employee with a new workplace that meets his qualifications or provide free education an employee of a new profession (specialty) with the preservation of his average earnings for the period of retraining.

1.4 Restrictions on hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions.

In hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, it is prohibited to use the labor of women of childbearing age, as well as those persons to whom these works are contraindicated for health reasons and age.

The category of employees entitled to compensations and benefits for hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, the nature and extent of such compensations and benefits are determined by the relevant legislative and other regulations of the Russian Federation and the republics within the Russian Federation.

If an employee shows signs of an occupational disease or deterioration in health due to exposure to harmful or dangerous production factors, the employer, on the basis of a medical report, must transfer him to another job in the prescribed manner.

1.5 Obligations of the employee to comply with the requirements of labor protection at enterprises.

The employee is obliged:

a) comply with the rules, regulations and instructions for labor protection;

b) observe the rules of internal labor regulations, must be disciplined, not violate the regimes of work and rest,

c) correctly apply collective and individual means of protection;

d) team members must immediately inform their immediate supervisor about any accident that occurred at work, about signs of an occupational disease, as well as about a situation that poses a threat to life and health of people.

1.6. Public control over labor protection.

Public control over the observance of the legitimate rights and interests of employees in the field of labor protection is carried out by:

trade unions represented by their respective bodies and other representative bodies authorized by employees, which can create their own inspections for this purpose, as well as labor collectives.

Authorized (trusted) persons for labor protection of trade unions or labor collectives act in accordance with the recommendations developed by the state body for managing labor protection.

1.7 Responsibility of employees for violation of the requirements of legislative and other regulations on labor protection.

For violation of the requirements of legislative and other regulations on labor protection, employees of enterprises are subject to disciplinary, and, in appropriate cases, material and criminal liability in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the republics within the Russian Federation.

1.8 Conditions for the admission of persons to independent work by profession or to the performance of relevant work.

1.8.1 Permission to perform construction and installation works is subject to:

Positive results of a medical examination of an employee, at least 18 years of age, with the appropriate qualifications (training and internship), passing an introductory briefing, initial briefing on labor safety at the workplace.

To independent work Persons who have completed training and have mastered safe working methods are allowed.

1.8.2 Repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefings at the workplace should also be carried out with workers.

1.9 Introductory briefing

An introductory briefing on labor safety is carried out with all newly hired, regardless of education, work experience in this profession, or position, with temporary workers, business travelers, students or students who have arrived for industrial training or practice, as well as with students in educational institutions before the beginning of practical work in workshops, sites, landfills.

Initial briefing at the workplace before the start of production activities is carried out by:

with all newly admitted to the enterprise (cooperative, rental team), transferred from one unit to another;

with workers doing new work for them,

seconded, temporary workers;

with employees performing construction and installation work on the territory of an operating enterprise;

with students and pupils who arrived for industrial training or practice before performing new types of work, as well as before studying each new topic during practical classes in workshops, sections.

After the briefing at the workplace, each worker is recommended to issue an insert in the certificate, which contains the telephone numbers of the administration of the employer, customer, general contractor, ambulance, fire department, police, etc. for sending emergency messages about accidents, accidents, fires, violations of labor protection and public order.

In accordance with the nature of the work assigned, the worker should be given appropriate instructions for labor protection, or a place where the worker can at any time receive it for temporary use.

Note. faces, which not connected With service, test, adjustment and renovation equipment, using the tool, storage and application raw materials and materials, primary briefing on the working place not pass.

All workers, having break in work on given mind works, positions, professions more three years, a at work With elevated danger - more one of the year, must pass the education on security labor before start independent work.

1.11 Internship

All workers, including graduates of vocational schools of training and production (course) factories, after the initial briefing at the workplace, must, during the first 2-14 shifts (depending on the nature of work, the qualifications of the employee), undergo an internship under the guidance of persons appointed by order (order , decision) by workshop (site, cooperative, etc.).

Workers are allowed to work independently after an internship, verification of theoretical knowledge and acquired skills in safe ways of working.

Note. Management workshops, site, cooperative and t.P. on harmonization With department (the Bureau, engineer) protection labor and trade union committee maybe rid from internships worker, having experience work on specialties not less 3 years, passing from one site in another, if character his work and type of equipment, on the which he worked previously, not are changing.

1.12 Refresher

All workers are re-instructed, with the exception of the persons indicated in the note to clause, regardless of qualifications, education, length of service, nature of the work performed:

at least once every six months with the same working conditions;

before starting work on a new facility;

when changing working conditions, applying new technology;

when employees commit violations of the rules and norms of labor protection;

after an accident with any of the employees of the enterprise.

1.13 Unscheduled briefing

1.13.1 Unscheduled briefing is carried out:

1) upon the introduction of new or revised standards, rules, instructions on labor protection, as well as changes to them;

2) when changing the technological process, replacing or upgrading equipment, fixtures and tools, raw materials, materials and other factors affecting labor safety;

3) in case of violation by workers and students of labor safety requirements, which can lead or have led to injury, accident, explosion or fire, poisoning;

4) at the request of the supervisory authorities;

5) during breaks in work - for work for which additional (increased) labor safety requirements are imposed for more than 30 calendar days, and for other work - 60 days.

1.13.2 Unscheduled briefing is carried out individually or with a group of workers. The content of the briefing is determined in each specific case, depending on the reasons and circumstances that necessitated its implementation.

1.14 Targeted briefing

Targeted briefing is carried out when: performing one-time work that is not related to direct duties in the specialty (loading, unloading, cleaning the territory, one-time work outside the enterprise, workshop, etc.); elimination of consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes; the production of works for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued; conducting an excursion at the enterprise; organization of mass events with students (excursions, hikes, sports competitions, etc.).

1.15 Primary briefing at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted, is carried out by the immediate supervisor of the work (foreman, industrial training instructor, teacher).

1.16 Briefings at the workplace are completed with a test of knowledge by oral questioning or with the help of technical means training, as well as testing acquired skills in safe ways of working. Knowledge is checked by the employee who conducted the briefing.

1.17 Persons who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge are not allowed to work independently or practice and are required to re-instruct.

Targeted briefing with workers carrying out work on a work permit, permit, etc., is recorded in the work permit or other documentation authorizing the production of work.

1.18 Characteristics of hazardous and harmful production factors affecting the employee;

When performing work, the following hazardous and harmful production factors may occur:

moving machines and mechanisms;

moving parts of production equipment;

increased gas and dustiness working area;

increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;

elevated temperature of the surfaces of structures;

increased noise level in the workplace;

increased level of vibration;

increased voltage in the electrical circuit, short circuit;

lack or lack of natural or artificial light;

increased brightness luminous flux and increased levels of ultraviolet radiation during welding;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of workpieces, tools and equipment;

the location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the surface of the earth (floor);

physical overload;

when performing work at existing enterprises, the presence of other dangerous and harmful production factors is possible.

1.19 In the course of daily work activities, employees must cooperate with employers to ensure their personal safety and the safety of others, including:

protection of workers from falling from a height;

protection of workers and other persons from falling objects from a height;

ensuring electrical safety;

ensuring fire and explosion safety;

ensuring road safety;

protection of workers and other persons from the impact of moving machines and mechanisms;

protecting workers from exposure to harmful substances;

protecting workers from vibration and noise;

protection of workers from harmful climatic influences.

1.20 In the event of a violation at the construction site or workplaces of safety requirements that cannot be eliminated on their own, and in the event of a threat to personal safety or health, workers must contact the work manager. If this person fails to take safety measures in a timely manner, workers have the right to leave the danger zone.

1.21 Employees must perform work according to their qualifications. In case of insufficient qualification, workers should work under the supervision of a more experienced worker appointed by the work manager.

1.22 In the process of work, they are obliged to maintain order at the workplace, clean it of debris, and in open places - of snow, ice, prevent violations of the rules for storing materials and structures, as well as the integrity of the enclosing devices.

1.23 Protective equipment used in the course of work, power tools, equipment and technological equipment, employees must use for their intended purpose in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers for their operation and in the manner established by the work execution projects (PPR) or technological maps.

1.24 Working with hand tools.

The wooden handles of hand tools must be made of hardwood, smoothly finished and securely fastened. Potholes and chips are not allowed on the surface. The surface of percussion instruments must be smooth and slightly convex and free of cracks, burrs and chips. Hand chisels in places of clamping by hand should not have sharp edges, the back of the head should be smooth - without cracks, burrs and chips. Files, hacksaws, chisels, etc. must be firmly attached to the handle. The wooden handle must have a metal ring. Wrenches should be used to match the bolt head size or nut size without the use of spacers or extensions (unless the design allows for this)

1.25 The procedure for notifying the administration of cases of injury to an employee.

In the event of injury to an employee (after providing first aid and calling a doctor), or there is a danger of injury to workers, members of the team must inform the administration of the enterprise by any available means by phone numbers indicated in the insert to the certificate or by courier and take measures to preserve the situation to ensure the possibility revealing the circumstances of the accident during the investigation of the accident and limiting the access of workers to a dangerous place.

About accidents, you must inform your manager, and if he was not on site, then the services of the customer, general contractor, in case of fire, call the fire brigade and take measures to extinguish the fire, report the incident to your manager.

1.26 Instructions on the provision of first (pre-medical) aid to victims of accidents

1.26.1. Urgent first aid is necessary to save the life of an accident victim. Regardless of its provision, you should immediately contact a doctor or call him to the location of the victim, at the same time report the incident to the administration of the enterprise.

1.26.2. The main conditions for success in providing first aid are the speed of action, resourcefulness and skill of the person providing assistance. Delay and long fees can lead to the death of a person. Prior to the arrival of a doctor, first aid should be provided to the victim with their own means. At the places of work of the brigade there should be a special box (locker) with a set of necessary devices and means for giving first aid.

1.26.3. Posters with the rules of first aid, in particular, with the rules for the production of artificial respiration, should be posted in prominent places.

1.26.4. Assistance provided by a non-specialist should be limited to the following types of assistance:

temporary stop of bleeding;

dressing of a wound, burn;

immobilization of the fracture (imposition of a fixed bandage);

revitalizing activities, especially the production of artificial respiration; carrying and bandaging the victim.

1.26.5. The first aid locker (in the workshop) or the foreman’s first aid bag (in conditions of work outside the enterprise) should contain the following items:

individual dressing aseptic bandages, cotton wool, packages - for applying bandages (5 pcs each);

cotton-gauze bandage - for bandaging with fractures (5 pcs.);

tourniquet - to stop bleeding (1 pc.);

folding plywood tires - to strengthen the limbs in case of fractures and dislocations (3 pcs.);

rubber bubble for ice - for cooling the damaged area with bruises and fractures (1 pc.);

a drinking cup, a small teapot - for taking medicines and washing the eyes (1 pc.) Or a beaker;

tincture of iodine - for lubricating the circumference of wounds, fresh abrasions, scratches on the skin, etc. (1 vial with ground stopper 50 ml or 10 ampoules);

ammonia - apply for fainting, loss of consciousness, dripping 2-3 drops onto a cotton swab, bring it to the victim's nose (1 bottle - 100 ml or 10 ampoules);

boric acid - for preparing a solution (for washing eyes with burns with a voltaic arc, rinsing, etc.) - 1 package (20 - 50 g);

solution boric acid(2 - 4%) - for lotions on the eyes, for rinsing the mouth with alkali burns (1 bottle 200 - 250 ml);

ether-valerian drops - to calm the nervous system and with unpleasant sensations in the heart area, 15-20 drops each (1 bottle of 50 ml);

drinking soda - for preparing a solution (1 package 25 g);

a solution of drinking soda (2 - 4%) - for washing the eyes and rinsing the mouth with acid burns (0.5 l);

acetic acid solution (3%) - for washing the skin with alkali burns (0.5 l);

potassium permanganate - for washing the skin with burns with acids and alkali (1 box 15 - 20 g);

vaseline - for lubricating the skin with burns of the 1st degree, with abrasions and irritations (2 cans of 15-20 g each);

boric ointment - for lubricating frostbitten skin areas (1 can - 25 - 50 g);

validol - apply when severe pain in the region of the heart, 1 tablet under the tongue until completely resorbed;

soap (1 piece);

towel (1 pc.).

Notes:

1. Solutions of baking soda and acetic acid are provided only for workplaces where work is carried out with acids and alkalis.

2. The first aid kit does not include splints, rubber ice pack, teapot, boric acid, baking soda and acetic acid solutions. The remaining items for first aid bags are completed in quantities of 50% indicated in the list.

It is especially recommended to have at the enterprises an apparatus for the production of artificial respiration with a set of tools for opening the mouth, pulling out and holding the tongue, etc., as well as a stretcher for transporting the victims.

First aid for injuries

1.26.7. Any wound can easily be contaminated with microbes that are on the wounding object, the skin of the victim, as well as in dust, earth, on the hands of the caregiver and dirty dressings. To avoid contracting tetanus (a serious disease with a high mortality rate) Special attention should be given to wounds contaminated with earth. An urgent visit to the doctor for the introduction of tetanus toxoid prevents this disease. However, even with washed hands, you cannot touch the wound itself.

1.26.8. In case of a serious injury to the victim, before the arrival of the doctor, first aid should be provided, after which he should be sent to the first-aid post (hospital) or call a doctor.

1.26.9. In case of a wound, before sending the victim to the hospital, wash your hands cleanly with soap and water (or grease your fingers with iodine tincture) and, without touching the wound, put a dressing on it and tie it with a bandage.

You can not wash the wound with water, remove blood clots from the wound, cover it with powder, cover with ointments, and also wash sand, earth, etc. from the wound.

Basic first aid for fractures

1.26.10. In case of fractures (dislocations), it is necessary to ensure the immobility of the damaged part of the body by applying a special bandage (tire). In no case should you adjust the dislocation yourself, as this can worsen the condition of the victim.

1.26.11. Open fractures and wounds are often accompanied by heavy bleeding. Especially dangerous is arterial bleeding (damage to the artery), which can be distinguished from venous bleeding. With arterial bleeding, blood flows from the wound in the form of a fountain and has a bright red color. With venous bleeding, blood flows from the wound profusely, but sluggishly (there is no fountain), in the form of a stream. The blood color is dark cherry.

1.26.12. In all cases of bleeding, a tourniquet must be applied. Under the tourniquet (or in the pocket of the victim), you need to put a note with the exact indication of the moment (hours and minutes; applying the tourniquet, since when squeezing the blood vessels for more than 1.5 hours, the damaged part of the body may die. When bandaging a wound, you need to use an individual sterile bag. When leakage of blood through the bandage, without changing it, put cotton on top and bandage it again.

1.26.13. When falling from a height or during collapses, if there is a suspicion that the spine is broken (signs are a sharp pain in the spine, the inability to bend your back and turn around), you should carefully slip a board under the victim without lifting him from the ground, or turn the victim face down on his stomach and strictly ensure that when lifting the injured torso, it does not bend.

1.26.14. In case of damage to the collarbone (signs - pain in the collarbone and swelling), put a small ball of cotton wool, gauze or some other material in the armpit of the diseased side;

bandage a hand bent at the elbow at a right angle to the body;

tie a hand to the neck;

apply ice or gauze moistened with cold water to the bruised place.

1.26.15. In case of damage to the bones of the hands, hang and bandage the hand to the body, without placing it in the armpit;

Apply a cold object to the bruised area.

1.26.16. In case of damage to the bones of the fingers and hands:

bandage the hand to a wide splint so that the splint starts from the middle of the forearm and ends at the end of the fingers;

put a lump of cotton wool, a bandage, etc. into the palm so that the fingers are slightly bent;

put a cold object on the injury site.

1.26.17. In case of damage to the lower limb, strengthen it with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar material so that one end of the plates goes above the edge of the pelvis to the armpits, and the other reaches the heel; apply a splint, if possible without raising the legs, but only holding it in place, and carefully use a stick to carry out a bandage under the lower back, knee and heel;

apply a cold object (snow, ice, a rag moistened with cold water) to the injury site.

1.26.18. If the ribs are broken, tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

1.26.19. For bruises, apply a cold object (snow, ice, a rag moistened with cold water) to the site of the bruise;

bandage the bruised place tightly with a bandage;

in case of severe pain, immediately send the victim to the first-aid post or the nearest hospital.

1.26.20. When hitting the head, apply cold lotions (or bottles of cold water or snow) to the head.

First aid for burns

1.26.21. First aid for burns depends on the type of burn. Burns come in three degrees:

superficial burns of the first degree - when only redness appears and pain is felt;

more severe second-degree burns - when blisters appear on the skin;

third-degree burns - when there is charring of the skin and muscles.

1.26.22. For light burns (first degree), use clean hands to cover the burns with baking soda. If there is no soda, you can apply a lead lotion or a four percent solution of potassium permanganate, and when the pain subsides, apply a bandage.

1.26.23. For severe burns (second and third degree), you need to carefully remove the dress and shoes - it is better to cut them. Do not touch the burnt area of ​​the skin with your hands or lubricate it with any ointments or solutions. The burnt surface should be bandaged like a fresh wound, covered with sterilized material from an individual bag or a clean linen rag, cotton wool should be applied on top and everything should be fixed with a bandage, after which the patient should be immediately sent to the nearest first-aid post. At the same time, it is impossible to open bubbles, remove adhering mastic and other resinous substances, as well as tear off burnt adhering pieces of clothing, if necessary, cut them off with sharp scissors.

In case of eye burns with a voltaic arc, cold lotions of boric acid should be applied to the eyes and the victim should be immediately sent to the nearest medical center.

1.26.24. In case of burns with strong acids and caustic alkalis, immediately wash the affected areas of the skin with plenty of water from a tap or bucket for 10-15 minutes. After that, apply a lotion: for acid burns - from a soda solution (a teaspoon per glass of water), and for alkali burns - from a weak solution of vinegar (slightly sour in taste) or boric acid (a teaspoon per glass of water).

First aid for frostbite

1.26.25. In case of frostbite, rub the frostbitten area with a dry, warm cloth or glove (rubbing with snow is not recommended).

1.26.26. Indoors, place the frostbitten limb in a bucket of water. room temperature, gradually bringing it to body temperature (37 ° C), after redness, grease the frostbitten place with lard or unsalted oil, boron vaseline, etc. and apply a warm bandage.

1.26.27. After bandaging, the frostbitten limb should be kept elevated, which relieves pain and prevents complications.

First aid for fainting, heat and sunstroke

1.26.28. In a state that threatens to faint or faint (sudden dizziness, nausea, chest tightness, lack of air, darkening of the eyes), the victim should be laid down with his head down and his legs up (to ensure blood flow to the vessels of the brain), give cold water to drink and sniff ammonia. Do not put lotions and ice on your head.

1.26.29. If a person who has been working in a hot room or in stuffy calm weather feels sudden weakness and headache, and even more so if he has an unsteady gait, staggering, etc., he should be immediately taken out into the fresh air or into the shade. Then you need to undress him and cool the body, spraying warm water, wetting the head and chest.

At the termination of breath or its sharp frustration it is necessary to do an artificial respiration.

1.26.30. In case of poisoning with toxic gases, including: carbon monoxide, acetylene, natural gas, gasoline vapors, etc., there is a headache, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, a sharp weakening of breathing, dilated pupils. In these cases, immediately remove the victim to fresh air and organize the supply of oxygen for breathing.

1.26.31. In case of severe distress or cessation of breathing, perform artificial respiration.

First aid for electric shock

1.26.32. The victim must be released from the action of the current by turning off the installation and freeing the victim from further contact with current-carrying parts of the current. After release from the current, the victim must be provided with complete rest until the arrival of a doctor.

1.26.33. In case of loss of consciousness, but preserved breathing of the victim, it is convenient to lay down, unfasten clothes, create an influx of fresh air, give ammonia to smell, sprinkle with water (not from the mouth), rub and warm the body. If the victim's breathing is weak, apply artificial respiration and immediately call a doctor.

1.26.34. In the absence of signs of life, immediately, if possible, immediately on the spot, start artificial respiration and do it until the doctor arrives.

In no case should you bury the victim in the ground, as this is not only useless, but also harmful.

1.26.35. When separating the victim from current-carrying parts, one should not touch the exposed parts of his body with bare hands while it is under current, one should act with the right hand if possible. Do not use metal or wet objects in such cases.

You should not take the victim by the legs without first isolating your hands, as shoes may be damp and conductive electrical current.

1.26.36. To separate the victim from live parts at low voltage, you need to use dry clothes, a dry rope, a dry stick, a board, or some other non-conductor. If it is necessary to cut or cut the wire, use an ax with a dry wooden handle or other insulated tool. If you need to touch parts of the victim’s body with your hands in places not covered by clothing, you must wear rubber gloves, rubber-based shoes and wrap your hands with any dry material at hand or throw a rubber raincoat or dry cloth over the victim.

You can stand on a dry board or some kind of dry non-conductive bedding, a bundle of clothes, etc. This measure can only be performed at low voltage.

1.26.37. To separate the victim from current-carrying parts at high voltage, it is necessary to wear rubber shoes, gloves and operate with a barbell or tongs on the appropriate voltage. If it is impossible to release the victim from the current in this way, it is necessary to resort to short circuiting and reliable grounding of all line wires. When shorting and grounding, it is necessary to first connect the wire used for this to the ground, and then throw it on the line wires to be grounded.

1.26.38. When releasing the victim from live parts, it is necessary to act very carefully and, first of all, take measures to prevent the victim from falling from a height or to ensure the safety of the fall.

First aid for poisoning or freezing with ammonia

1.26.39. In case of suffocation as a result of ammonia poisoning, it is necessary:

remove the victim to fresh air;

apply artificial respiration;

call a doctor;

carry out inhalation with warm steam of 1 - 2% solution of citric acid from a kettle through a paper tube;

give drink lemonade or a 3% solution of lactic acid;

provide peace, warmth and inhalation of oxygen.

If liquid ammonia gets on the skin, gently rub the affected area with a cotton ball or napkin until sensitivity and redness of the skin appear.

After restoring blood circulation, the affected area must be rubbed with alcohol and bandaged with a clean bandage. If blisters form at the site of the lesion, the skin cannot be rubbed, but you need to cover the frostbitten area with a bandage from a clean bandage, and then refer the victim to a doctor.

1.26.40. If ammonia gets into the eyes, immediately rinse them with a stream of water at room temperature, then drip a 2-4% solution of boric acid into the eyes and send the victim to a doctor.

At the place of work on charging with ammonia, it is necessary to have a solution of citric or lactic, as well as boric acid in the first-aid kit.

First aid for a foreign body

1.26.41. If a foreign body enters the skin or under the nail, it is possible to remove the foreign body only if there is confidence that this will be done easily and completely. At the slightest difficulty, you should consult a doctor. After removing the foreign body, it is necessary to lubricate the wound with iodine tincture and apply a bandage.

Foreign bodies that have entered the eye are best removed by rinsing the eye with a solution of boric acid or clean water from a kettle or cotton wool (you can use a damp cotton or gauze swab).

In this case, the victim must be placed on the healthy side and direct a stream of fluid from the outer corner of the eye (from the temple) to the inner. You should not rub your eyes.

Foreign bodies from the windpipe or esophagus should not be removed without a doctor.

Methods for providing artificial respiration

1.26.42. If the victim has lost consciousness, does not breathe at all or breathes very weakly and breathing gradually worsens, breathing heavily and convulsively, in this case, artificial respiration should be performed immediately.

1.26.43. It is necessary to perform artificial respiration immediately before the arrival of a doctor and do it continuously until resuscitation or the appearance of indisputable signs of actual death (the appearance of cadaveric spots or rigor mortis).

1.26.44. During the production of artificial respiration, it is necessary to monitor the face of the victim: if he moves his lips or eyelids or makes a swallowing movement with his larynx, you need to check if he makes an independent breath. Doing artificial respiration after the victim begins to breathe independently and evenly should not be done, as this can cause harm.

immediately release the victim from clothing restricting breathing;

open the mouth, free it from foreign objects (remove false teeth, if any);

if the mouth is tightly clenched, it should be opened, for which the lower jaw should be extended. To raise and protrude the jaw, put four fingers of both hands behind the corners of the lower jaw, with their thumbs rest against the edge of it and push it forward so that the lower teeth are in front of the upper ones. If the mouth cannot be opened in this way, it should be inserted between the teeth, but not the front, but the back molars (near the corners of the mouth), carefully so as not to break them, a plaque, a metal plate, a spoon handle, etc. and unclench your teeth. With the help of a handkerchief, gauze or the edge of a shirt, free it from mucus, stretch out the tongue so that it does not cover the throat.

1.26.46 The most effective way to perform artificial respiration is by mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method.

The victim must be put on his back, stand on the left side, bring the left hand under the back of the victim's head and, pressing his forehead with his right hand, tilt his head back, carry out the procedures according to p.

A roll of folded clothes is placed under the victim's shoulder blades. After taking two or three deep breaths, the helper blows air through gauze or a handkerchief from his mouth into the mouth or nose of the victim.

When blowing air through the mouth, the assisting person should close the victim’s nose with his cheek or fingers, while blowing through the nose, the victim needs to close his mouth. After the end of air blowing, the mouth and nose of the victim should be released so as not to interfere with free exhalation. Then the caregiver takes two to three deep breaths and repeats blowing air into the mouth or nose of the victim. The frequency of artificial respiration should not exceed 12 - 16 times per minute. When carrying out artificial respiration, it is desirable to use a tube (air duct) curved in the form of the letter "S" with a round shield in the middle. The tube is inserted into the victim's mouth with the convex side towards the tongue and rotated 180°, so that the victim's tongue is kept from sinking, and air can freely pass into the larynx. The shield in the air duct keeps the tube in the right position and does not prevent the victim from closing the mouth tightly in order to prevent arbitrary air from escaping. The effectiveness of artificial respiration is determined by the expansion of the chest of the victim with each blowing of air into the mouth. If this does not happen, it is necessary to ensure the full flow of the blown air into the lungs of the victim and check the position of his head (whether the larynx is closed). Artificial respiration should be carried out until the victim recovers independent deep and rhythmic breathing. The appearance of the first weak breaths does not give grounds for stopping artificial respiration, it is only necessary to time the artificial breath to the moment the independent breath begins.

1.26.47. If there is an assistant, you can use the second method of producing artificial respiration. This method gives acceptable results, but due to the tediousness of it for the helpers, a change is required when using this method.

In the second method, you need to put the victim on his back, placing a bundle of clothes under the shoulder blades so that the chest expands. Stretch and hold your tongue. Then kneel over the head of the victim, grab his arms at the elbows and press them, without effort, to the sides of his chest (exhale). Counting "one, two, three", raise the victim's hands up and throw them over his head (inhale). Counting "four, five, six", again press your hands to your chest, etc. In the presence of assistants, two stand on one knee, each on the sides, and act in concert on the score, the third holds the tongue. With the correct performance of artificial respiration, a sound (like a groan) is obtained from the passage of air through the windpipe of the victim, when the chest is compressed and released. If there are no sounds (this indicates that the tongue is sunk and interferes with the passage of air), the tongue needs to be pulled out more.

1.26.48. In case of a fracture of the arms or collarbone, the second method of producing artificial respiration is not used.

1.26.49 In case of burns or injuries of the back, the third method is used instead of the second or instead of the first. The victim is laid on his back, placing a clean handkerchief or piece of cloth under the wound. Hands are laid along the head. In case of a fracture of the arms, they must be laid along the body. Kneeling over the victim, as in the first method, you should press the lower ribs of the chest (but not the stomach) with your hands and lower them down. With all methods, artificial respiration must be performed calmly, rhythmically, in accordance with the rhythm of natural respiration. It is impossible to interrupt or stop it before the doctor arrives. If during the production of artificial respiration the victim shows signs of life: moves his lips or eyelids or makes swallowing and respiratory movements, it is necessary to check whether he can breathe on his own, if he breathes evenly, then artificial respiration must be stopped, and the victim, being careful, should be delivered to stretcher to the first-aid post or hospital.

With all methods of producing artificial respiration, the victim should not be allowed to cool. To do this, it must not be left on damp ground, on a stone, concrete or iron floor. It is necessary to lay a warm bedding under it, cover it and, if possible, warm it by attaching hot water bottles (heater) to the body and legs, hot stones or bricks, well wrapped, so as not to burn the victim.

All this must be done very quickly, without interrupting artificial respiration during inhalation, when the hands (one's own or the first method, or the victim's hands in the second) can be removed from the victim's chest for 2-3 seconds.

1.26.50 It should be borne in mind that artificial respiration is a physically rather tiring way of providing first aid, therefore, as necessary (without interrupting artificial respiration), substitute persons providing assistance.

1.26.51 When the victim's heart stops, it is necessary to immediately perform an indirect heart massage simultaneously with artificial respiration.

Every two cycles of artificial respiration, it is necessary to put the hands one on top of the other on the chest in the region of the heart and press 15 times in jerks on the count: one, two, three ..., that is, in the normal rhythm of the heart, so that the chest sags by 4 - 5 cm. The alternation of the production of artificial respiration and heart massage should be performed until rhythmic independent work of the heart appears.

Carrying and transporting the victim

1.26.52. When lifting, carrying and transporting the victim, it is necessary not to cause him anxiety and pain, not to allow concussion, not to give him inconvenience or a dangerous position. At the slightest opportunity, you need to find helpers and transfer the victim on a stretcher made of suitable material. Raise the victim and put him on a stretcher should be coordinated, amicably, better in a row (on command). Take the victim should be on one side (healthy). At the same time, the lifters should stand on the same knee and put their hands under the back and buttocks so that the fingers from under the victim appear from his other side. At the slightest opportunity, you should not transfer the victim to the stretcher, but, without getting up from your knees, lift him from the ground or from the floor so that someone else puts the stretcher under the victim at this time. This is especially important for all kinds of fractures. In such cases, it is also necessary that someone support the fracture site.

1.26.53. With a fracture of the spine, if the stretcher is soft, as well as with a fracture of the lower jaw, if the victim is suffocating, you need to put the victim face down. On a flat place, the victim should be carried with his feet forward, when climbing a mountain or stairs, on the contrary, head first. The stretcher should be carried in a horizontal position. To do this, in order not to rock the stretcher, the porters should walk out of step, with their knees slightly bent and lifting their legs as little as possible (to prevent jolts). Removing the victim from the stretcher should be done in the same way as when lifting him onto the stretcher. When carrying a stretcher over long distances, porters must carry it on straps tied to the handles, throwing the straps over the neck. When transporting a seriously injured person, it is better, if possible, to put him (without shifting) in a wagon or car on the same stretcher, placing something soft under the stretcher (straw, hay, etc.). Carry the victim carefully, avoiding shaking.

1.27 The norms for issuing overalls, safety shoes are given in the appendix.

1.28 In the process of performing work, in accordance with their qualifications, employees are required to comply with the requirements of this instruction, labor protection instructions for workers of relevant professions and types of work, as well as the requirements of manufacturers' instructions for the operation of construction machines, protective equipment, equipment, and tools used by them in the course of work. .

1.29 Being on the territory of the construction site, in industrial and amenity premises, at workplaces, employees are obliged to comply with the internal regulations related to labor protection adopted in this organization. The admission of unauthorized persons, as well as the drinking of alcoholic beverages in these places are not allowed.

1.30 When performing work using new technology, as well as using new materials, designs of machines, equipment and technological equipment, for which safety requirements are not provided for by this collection of labor protection instructions, employees are required to comply with the requirements of the relevant labor protection instructions developed by competent organizations in the established okay.

1.31 Employees guilty of violating the requirements of labor protection instructions are liable in the manner prescribed by law.

Annex A

An extract from the model industry norms for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to workers engaged in construction, construction and installation and repair and construction work. Approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated December 25, 1997 No. 66

7. Gas welder: ....

Cotton suit with flame retardant impregnation or suit for welder
Leather boots with non-slip soles and hard toe
Canvas mittens
When employed in the maintenance of stationary gas generators:
Cotton suit
Rubber gloves	on duty
	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	on belts

29. Construction painter (including artistic decoration)

Name of personal protective equipment	Issuance rate per year (units or sets)
Cotton overalls
Combined mittens
Boots leather
Respirator	before wear
Goggles	before wear
When working with the use of harmful paints additionally:
rubber gloves or Knitted rubber gloves	on duty
When working on the roof and metal structures additionally:
felted galoshes	on duty
For outdoor work in winter additionally:
Padded jacket	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	on belts

31. ... self-propelled drilling and crane operator

Cotton overalls
Combined mittens
Boots leather
Padded jacket	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	on belts

32. Driver of a mobile compressor with an electric motor; compressor unit operator

Name of personal protective equipment	Issuance rate per year (units or sets)
Cotton overalls
Boots leather
Combined mittens
With constant employment in outdoor work in winter, additionally:
Padded jacket	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	on belts

33. Driver of aerial platform and aerial platform; truck driver

Name of personal protective equipment	Issuance rate per year (units or sets)
Cotton overalls
Rubber boots
Combined mittens
With constant employment outdoors in winter, additionally:
Padded jacket	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	on belts
To the driver of aerial platform and aerial platform in addition:
Boots leather

42. Truck crane driver; crane operator (crane operator); car driver; loader driver; tractor driver

47. ... assembler of devices and equipment for automatic control, regulation and control

Name of personal protective equipment	Issuance rate per year (units or sets)
Cotton suit
Combined mittens
Leather boots with hard toe cap
At work on mounting tack by electric welding:
Canvas suit instead of cotton suit
For outdoor work in winter additionally:
Padded jacket	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	on belts

55. Adjuster of instruments, equipment and systems of automatic control, regulation and control (adjuster of instrumentation and automation)

Name of personal protective equipment	Issuance rate per year (units or sets)
Cotton semi-overalls
Combined mittens
Boots leather
When busy setting up equipment:
Cotton overalls instead of cotton semi-overalls
For outdoor work in winter additionally:
Padded jacket	on belts
Padded trousers	on belts
	83. Electric welder of manual welding; welder on contact (press) welding machines; electric and gas welder; Name of personal protective equipment Issuance rate per year (units or sets) Canvas suit or suit for welder Boots leather Canvas mittens At work on busbar duct welding: Cotton suit with flame retardant impregnation Boots leather Canvas mittens For outdoor work in winter additionally: Padded jacket on belts Padded trousers on belts on belts Notes: 1. Personal protective equipment (safety belt, dielectric galoshes and gloves, dielectric rubber mat, goggles, respirator, gas mask, protective helmet, helmet, etc.) for workers of all professions are issued depending on the nature and conditions of the professions performed. and the conditions of the work performed, as on duty, if they are not provided for by these Standards. 2. When working in wet soil and water, workers are given additional rubber boots or rubber overshoes (on duty), if they are not provided for by these Standards. 3. Workers employed in the construction of facilities for oil fields in the open sea (with permanent work at sea) are issued: Norms; b) instead of the cotton overalls provided for by these Standards, tarpaulin overalls may be issued for the same period of wear. 4. Depending on the production and climatic conditions, the employer, in agreement with the state labor protection inspector, can replace felt boots with rubberized felt boots or with leather boots with removable insulation, or with rubber insulated boots. 5. Workers whose professions are provided for in paragraphs 1, 4, 5, 10, 14, 15, 16, 64 and 65 of these Norms, instead of jackets and trousers with an insulating lining, suits for protection against low temperatures from silk and woolen fabrics with the same period of wear. 6. Workers whose professions are provided for in paragraph of these Norms, instead of jackets and trousers with an insulating lining, can be issued: in belts I, II and III - winter suits for welders with overlays of fabric IM - 1, and in IV and special belts - suits winter for welders with overlays of fabric IM - 1 with insulated linen with the same wear period. 7. The employer may, in agreement with the relevant trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees, issue to employees engaged in technical re-equipment and reconstruction of production in existing workshops with harmful working conditions without stopping production, overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the standards established for the operating personnel of the specified shops. NORMS for the free issue of warm special clothing and warm special footwear to employees in climatic zones common for all sectors of the economy (except for climatic regions specifically provided for in the Model Industry Standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to employees of maritime transport; employees of civil aviation ; employees who carry out observations and work on the hydrometeorological regime of the environment; permanent and variable composition of educational and sports organizations of the Russian Defense Sports and Technical Organization (ROSTO) Approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 1997 No. 70 Warm special clothing and warm special footwear as a means of protection from the cold are issued to employees in professions and positions provided for by the Model Industry Standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment with a wearing period “on the belts”. The terms for wearing warm special clothes and warm special shoes (jacket with an insulating pad, trousers with an insulating pad, lavsan-viscose jacket with an insulating pad, lavsan-viscose trousers with an insulating pad and felt boots) are set in years depending on the climatic zones: Name of warm special clothes and warm shoes Climatic zones Padded jacket Padded trousers Lavsan-viscose jacket with insulating pad Lavsan-viscose trousers with insulating lining Notes: 1 . AT special climatic belt additionally to warm special clothes (jacket on the warming gasket, pants on the warming gasket issued: sheepskin coat - on the 4 of the year; hat-ushanka - on the 3 of the year; fur mittens - on the 2 of the year. 2 . Provided Typical industry norms free extradition overalls, footwear and others funds individual protection (Further - Typical industry norms) short fur coats in I, II and III climatic belts may, how exception, be replaced on the jackets for protection from lowered temperatures With strap-on warming gasket, fur collar, windproof valve and hooded co term socks: in I belt - 3 of the year; II belt - 3 of the year; III belt - 2 ,5 of the year. 3 . At constant work in alpine areas warm overalls and warm footwear issued: on the altitude from 1000 before 2000 m above level seas on the terms socks, established for districts III climatic belts; on the altitude from 2000 m above level seas and above - on the terms socks, established for districts IV climatic belts. 4 . Employees, busy on the outdoor works winter in areas, referred to II, III, IV and special climatic belts, additionally to warm overalls, envisaged Typical industry norms, issued electric heating kits to special clothes type "Penguin « co stationary source food term socks 2 of the year. 5 . Employees, which Typical industry norms provided free extradition warm overalls co term socks "on belts" (jacket on the warming gasket, pants on the warming gasket), in areas, not referred to climatic belts, winter issued respectively jacket lavsano-viscose on the warming gasket, pants lavsano-viscose on the warming gasket term socks 3 of the year. CLIMATE ZONES I belt Astrakhan region Belgorod region Volgograd region Kaliningrad region Republic of Kalmykia Rostov region Stavropol region II belt Bryansk region Vladimir region Voronezh region Ivanovo region Kaluga region Kursk region Leningrad region Lipetsk region Mari El Republic The Republic of Mordovia Moscow region Nizhny Novgorod Region Novgorod region Oryol Region Penza region Primorsky Krai Pskov region Ryazan Oblast Samara Region Saratov region Smolensk region Tambov Region Tver region Tula region Ulyanovsk region Chuvash Republic Yaroslavl region III belt Altai Republic Orenburg region Amur region Perm region Republic of Bashkortostan Sakhalin Oblast (except for the areas listed below) The Republic of Buryatia Vologodskaya Oblast Sverdlovsk region Irkutsk Oblast (except for the areas listed below) Republic of Tatarstan Tomsk region (except for the areas listed below) Republic of Karelia Kemerovo region Tyva Republic Kirov region Tyumen Region (except for the areas listed below) Kostroma region Krasnoyarsk Territory (except for the areas listed below) Udmurt republic Khabarovsk Krai (except for the areas listed below) Kurgan region Novosibirsk region Chelyabinsk region Omsk region Chita region IV belt Arkhangelsk region (except for areas located beyond the Arctic Circle) Irkutsk region (districts: Bodaibinsky, Katangsky, Kirensky, Mamsko-Chuysky) Kamchatka region Republic of Karelia (north of 63° north latitude) Komi Republic (areas located south of the Arctic Circle) Krasnoyarsk Territory (territories of the Even Autonomous Okrug and Turukhansky District, located south of the Arctic Circle) Kurile Islands Magadan Oblast (excluding the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the areas listed below) Murmansk region The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (except for the Oymyakonsky region and regions located north of the Arctic Circle) Sakhalin Region (districts: Nogliksky, Okhtinsky) Tomsk region (districts: Bakcharsky, Verkhneketsky, Krivosheinsky, Molchanovsky, Parabelsky, Chainsky and the territories of Aleksandrovsky and Karagasoksky districts located south of 60° north latitude) Tyumen region (regions of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous circles, except for areas located north of 60 north latitude) Khabarovsk Territory (districts: Ayano-Maisky, Nikolaevsky, Okhotsky, named after Polina Osipenko, Tuguro-Chumikansky, Ulchsky) Special Belt Magadan region (districts: Omsukchansky, Olsky, Severo-Evensky, Srednekansky, Susumansky, Tenkinsky, Khasynsky, Yagodinsky) Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (Oymyakonsky district) The territory located north of the Arctic Circle (except the Murmansk region) Tomsk region (territories of Aleksandrovsky and Kargasoksky districts located north of 60° north latitude) Tyumen Region (areas of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs located north of 60° north latitude) Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Annex B The recommended form of an insert in a labor protection certificate (issued after filling for each object of work) Object name:______________________________________________________ Full name of foreman _________________________________________________________ Full name of the master _______________________________________________________________ Full name of the foreman (head of the section) __________________________________________ Phones: Ambulance _______ Medical facility ________________________________ Trauma center ___________ Fire Department __________________________________ Police ____________ Gas service _______________________________________ Customer ____________ General Contractor _______________________________________ Installation area ________________________________ Assembly management _____________________________

1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

1.1 When hiring, the employer is obliged at his own expense to organize a preliminary medical examination, as well as periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations of workers employed in heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions or those where there is a need for professional selection, as well as an annual mandatory medical examination of persons under the age of 21 years.

1.2 When concluding an employment contract, the employer must inform the employee against receipt about working conditions, about the presence of dangerous and harmful production factors at his workplace that have not yet been eliminated, and the possible consequences of their impact on health and about the rights to benefits and compensation for working in such conditions in accordance with the law and the collective agreement.

1.3 It is prohibited to use the labor of women and minors (persons under the age of 18) in heavy work and in work with harmful or dangerous working conditions.

1.4 All employees undergo a mandatory introductory briefing on labor protection upon employment, as well as primary briefing at the workplace.

1.5 In the course of labor activity, the employee is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations, know and comply with the requirements of labor protection regulations, the rules for handling machines, mechanisms, equipment and other means of production, use collective and personal protective equipment.

2. PERSONAL SAFETY RULES BEFORE WORKING STARTED.

2.1. When driving to work, from work and on the territory of the enterprise:

2.1.1. Walk only on sidewalks and footpaths, and where there are none, on the left side of the carriageway towards traffic Vehicle.

2.1.2. When approaching vehicles, without waiting for the driver's signal, give way to moving vehicles, cross the carriageway in the designated places, do not rush when crossing, make sure there are no vehicles on both sides.

2.1.3. When crossing railroad tracks, do not stand on the railheads, but step over them.

2.1.4. Do not jump onto the steps of a moving vehicle.

2.1.5. Go around the standing transport tram - in front; trolleybus and bus - behind.

2.1.6. Do not jump off the body or cab of the car, but exit carefully using folding ladders, steps or special car brackets.

2.1.7. Do not stand or walk under a raised load near cranes, hoists, overhead conveyors, where objects may fall from above.

2.1.8. Do not walk in light and open shoes in places where metal chips are formed or stored.

2.1.9. Follow and follow warning signs, road signs, and safety posters.

2.1.10 Do not bring or consume alcoholic beverages at work. Persons in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication are not allowed to work and are removed from the territory of the enterprise with disciplinary liability.

2.1.11. While at the production site, do not press the starter buttons and knife-switch levers, switch keys, except in cases of emergency or the inevitability of an accident with people.

2.1.12. When passing near electric welding work, protect your eyes from damage by radiant energy.

2.1.13. In units where service dogs are used to guard the territory, it is strictly forbidden to approach the dogs.

2.1.14. Eat food in specially equipped rooms or in canteens and cafes. Wash your hands with soap before eating.

2.2 ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS:

2.2.1. To avoid electric shock, do not touch bare wires, knife blades, electrical appliance cases, or other metal parts of electrical equipment.

2.2.2. Do not pick up fallen, broken wires, do not step on them, as they may be live.

2.2.3. Do not allow one worker to work in the room, as there is no one to help him if necessary.

2.3 GAS SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

2.3.1 Do not allow unauthorized persons to be in the places of gas distribution and work with gas.

2.3.2 All work in the gas sector must be carried out according to orders - permits for the production of gas hazardous work and by at least two persons.

2.3.3 If you smell gas, turn off the equipment, leave the room and inform the work manager about it.

2.4 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.

2.4.1 Smoking on the territory of the enterprise only in specially designated areas.

2.4.2 Do not use flammable liquids - flammable liquids and GZh - flammable liquids, where they are not provided for by the technological process, do not wash your hands and do not wash clothes in gasoline, acetone and other flammable liquids.

3 . SAFETY RULES IN THE WORKPLACE.

3.1 Obtain from the supervisor the task and instructions on safe methods and techniques for performing this work.

3.2 Follow the instructions for labor protection at your workplace.

3.3 Perform only those works that are assigned to you by the head of work on orders, orders or are provided for by job descriptions.

3.4 When performing work, be careful not to be distracted by extraneous affairs and conversations and do not distract others.

3.5 Do not perform work, the performance of which is associated with a danger to life.

3.6 In case of illness or bodily injury (injury), stop work, personally or through a workmate inform the foreman or another person in whose subordination you are and contact the first-aid post.

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ON COMPLETION OF WORK.

4.1 Disconnect the equipment on which work was carried out from the mains and make sure that it has completely stopped.

4.2 Put the workplace in order in accordance with the instructions on labor protection at your workplace.

4.3 If there are used flammable and combustible liquids, drain them into a special container.

4.4 Take off your overalls and put them in the place provided for them, wash your hands and take a shower.

4.5 When leaving the workplace, turn off the local lighting.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

5.1 Emergencies can arise from the impact of external factors (earthquake, hurricane, rainstorms), as well as from factors within the enterprise - ignition of flammable liquids, turning into a fire, explosion of pressure vessels or filled with vapors of explosive substances and mixtures, short circuit of current-carrying conductors, with subsequent ignition, turning into a fire; breakdowns of equipment with rotating or rapidly moving elements; and other factors that may arise due to a malfunction of equipment, devices, tools or from violation of instructions, rules for their operation.

5.2 In order to avoid emergency situations within the enterprise, each employee is obliged to strictly comply with the internal regulations and safety requirements set out in the labor protection instructions for each

profession or type of work, and in the event of an emergency, act as indicated below.

5.3 In emergency situations, the consequence of which was the destruction of the building or the formation of cracks, the employee is obliged to leave the emergency room, threatening the collapse of the ceiling or walls.

Labor protection is the most important branch of work at every enterprise, especially where there is production. In order for the process of labor protection to be organized correctly, first of all, you need to have all the necessary documents.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical solutions legal issues but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

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One of the first places in this list is occupational safety instructions.

concept

The instruction on labor protection is a document that regulates the process safe work with equipment, fixtures and mechanisms, as well as the performance of any work.

This document is somewhat similar to the job description, but if it pays more attention to what the employee should do, then the documents regulating labor protection sign how the employee should do this or that job.

For all positions that are in the staff list of the enterprise, there must be instructions on labor protection, as well as for all work that may pose a danger to the life and health of the employee performing them.

Purpose

The main purpose of OSH instructions is to ensure the safe work of employees.

It is the main document that describes safe work practices, safety measures that must be taken before starting work, as well as what measures must be taken in case of force majeure.

Are they required?

The head of any enterprise must have a set of instructions for the labor protection unit, this is directly stated in Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Their development and approval is included in the overall set of measures to ensure labor safety at the enterprise.

Lack of this document may result in a fine for the employer.

And if his absence is discovered during the investigation of an industrial injury, then the consequences for the director of the company and the employee appointed responsible for labor protection will be very serious.

Kinds

All labor protection instructions can be conditionally divided into several types.

By positions (professions) and categories of employees

These instructions contain safe work practices for certain categories of workers in the enterprise.

For example, this could be a job description for an electrician, cleaner, driver, etc. It describes the entire algorithm of work performed by a particular employee, and applies only to employees working in this position.

If there are several units of the same position in the staffing table, then the job description of this type can be either one for everyone, or individual for everyone. This is determined by the job description.

Example

There are two electricians in the organization: Ivanov and Petrov, but one of them, according to the job description, has a traveling job, and the other is responsible for setting up equipment and electrical networks within the territory of the employer, respectively, their work algorithms will be different and it is better to draw up two instructions.

Note! The legislation does not clearly state that, as in the example above, the staff units of the same name should have two instructions. But the more specific and detailed references to the work performed in the instructions, the more the employer will protect himself and the employee in the event of an accident at the workplace.

By type of work

This type includes instructions that regulate the performance of certain work, or the use of certain mechanisms and devices.

In this document, all information relates only to one specific subject, for example:

• computer work;
• work on a drilling machine;
• work with a ladder;
• performance of grass mowing;
• performing window cleaning work;
• performance of work on cleaning the charging shop, etc.

These instructions can be used by any workers who have a permit and are going to perform the work specified in them.

Also, for one position, several instructions can be applied.

Example

The cleaning lady of the organization once a month should arrange general cleaning with washing windows and wiping dust on high racks. This means that, in addition to the instructions of the cleaner of the premises, she should also have instructions on labor protection when handling the stepladder and when washing windows.

For office workers

In this case, office workers will include employees whose work does not imply the following features:

• storage of raw materials and materials;
• maintenance, operation and adjustment of mechanisms and equipment;
• work with complex tools.

That is, they are mainly employees belonging to administrative and managerial personnel, whose work functions are not associated with increased danger, but, nevertheless, they should also have instructions on labor protection.

Note! Employees of this category in some cases also need to have additional instructions.

Example

The accountant of the enterprise works on a computer and uses an electric machine for stapling documents. This means that her work will include instructions for labor protection on a personal computer and instructions for safe work on a machine for stapling documents.

At work

According to the legislation, all employees of the enterprise must be instructed at the workplace, its name and frequency are set for each category individually. To do this, use the instructions on labor protection collected for a particular position.

This package of documents must be at the workplace of the employee.

This is especially true of jobs associated with production risk more than other categories.

Example

For an electrician of an organization, the following list of instructions may be established at his workplace:

• electrician's instruction;
• instructions for working with an electrified tool;
• instructions for working with a ladder;
• instructions for working at height.

Labor protection instructions and their features

Who is developing this document?

The legislation obliges the head of the organization to ensure the creation and approval of instructions.

But the employees responsible for a particular area of ​​work should directly develop the text of the document, since it is the chiefs and foremen of the sections who are best acquainted with the specifics of the work of a particular type of work.

The procedure for creating instructions at each enterprise is established individually.

If the enterprise is small, then the development of instructions for the working personnel can be entrusted to the chief engineer or chief power engineer, but not to the person responsible for labor protection, unless, of course, he combines positions.

The fact is that most often, employees who are responsible for labor protection do not have a practical knowledge base in complex production processes. But they must help. guidelines, and indicate which normative act is better to use to write instructions.

In addition, when the text of the document is drawn up, labor protection specialists form all instructions in a single format, number them, collect approval signatures and distribute them for further use.

What is taken as a basis for compilation?

In state documents on labor protection, there are many developed standard instructions for various positions and jobs.

Therefore, if there is standard instruction, then it is it that is taken as the basis of a specific document, bringing it into line with the needs of a particular enterprise.

If there is no standard document, then you need to use the industry or intersectoral Labor Protection Rules for a certain type of work, as well as operational documents (passports) of units and machines.

Design rules

In order for the OT instruction to comply with the law, it must be drawn up in accordance with all the rules.

Details required in the document:

• full name of the organization;
• visa approval by the head of the enterprise, certified by the official seal of the organization;
• visa approval of responsible employees;
• name of the instruction;
• date and number;
• text with relevant sections;
• signature of the employee who drew up the document, or the specialist responsible for labor protection.

Structure and sections

Standard forms of labor protection instructions contain five sections, therefore, when developing them at enterprises, it is recommended to adhere to the same structure.

Sections that should be in the document:

• general safety rules for a specific type of work (position);
• ensuring safety before starting work;
• safe working methods during their execution;
• safety after completion of work;
• safety in case of emergency.

An example of labor protection instructions:

What are they asserting?

The OT instructions must be approved by means of an order signed by the director of the company.

It is done every time there is a change:

• in case of approval of new instructions;
• in case of reapproval without making changes;
• in cases of changes in one or more instructions.

The order is drawn up in any form on the letterhead of the organization.

An example of such an order is shown below:

Employee familiarization

The fact that the employees of the company are familiarized with the instructions on labor protection is recorded in a special journal. It is also possible to acquaint employees with instructions simply against signature, especially if the employee has just got a job or the instruction is new. The issuance of these documents is recorded in.

Note! This method of familiarizing employees with job descriptions does not relieve the head of the enterprise from the obligation to conduct training and briefings on labor protection in a timely manner.

Validity

The direct validity of the instruction is 5 years, then it must be reviewed for compliance with current legislation.
If no changes have occurred, the instruction can be left unchanged, approving this with an order.

Thus, it will be valid for as long as there are no grounds for making changes.

Modification, Cancellation and Amendment

There are several cases in which to make changes to the instructions for labor protection:

Reason for revision	Periodicity
Expiration	1 time in 5 years
Instructions for work associated with increased danger	once every 3 years
Amending Legislative Acts	As needed
By order of higher authorities	According to the prescription
When changing the technology of the production process	When introducing new equipment
In case of accidents at work	According to the results of the investigation

Storage

APPROVE

___________________________

"___" ______________ 2002

WORK SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

General safety requirements for all professions and types of work

1. 
   Conditions for the admission of an employee to independent work by profession or the performance of relevant work.

1. 
   Upon admission to work and during work with the employee, briefings on labor safety are carried out: introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted. An introductory briefing is carried out with each newly arriving employee. Then there is an initial briefing at the workplace.
2. 
   Unscheduled briefing is carried out:

• 
  upon the introduction of new or revised rules, instructions, as well as changes to them;
• 
  when changing the technological process, replacing or upgrading equipment, fixtures and tools, raw materials, materials and other factors affecting labor safety;
• 
  in case of violation by the employee of labor safety requirements;
• 
  at the request of the supervisory authorities;
• 
  during breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days.

1. 
   Targeted briefing is carried out when performing one-time work that is not related to direct duties in the specialty; elimination of consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes; production of works for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued.
2. 
   The on-the-job briefing ends with a knowledge test. The employee confirms receipt of the safety briefing by signing the appropriate document on the completion of the briefing.
3. 
   In accordance with the requirements of the health authorities, the employee undergoes medical examinations (preliminary and periodic), laboratory and functional studies, and makes preventive vaccinations.

1. 
   Compliance with the rules of the internal regulations, the implementation of work and rest regimes.

1. 
   The employee is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations and work schedules in force at the enterprise, which provide for: the start and end times of work (shifts), breaks for rest and meals, the procedure for granting rest days, alternating shifts and other issues of using working time.

1. 
   Dangerous and harmful production factors affecting the employee.

1. 
   Physical factors:

• 
  moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of trade and technological equipment, transported goods, containers, collapsing stacks of stored goods. The effect of the factor is that an employee may be injured;
• 
  increased dust content in the air of the working area. The action of the factor - getting into the lungs, on the mucous membranes, the skin, the dust of plant and animal origin, synthetic detergents etc. can cause allergic diseases of the organs of vision and respiration, skin, etc.
• 
  elevated temperature of the surfaces of equipment, products. The effect of the factor - contact with a hot (over 45 degrees C) surface can cause burns to unprotected areas of the body;
• 
  low temperature of the surfaces of refrigeration equipment, goods. The action of the factor - can cause vascular diseases, especially the fingers.
• 
  elevated air temperature in the working area. The action of the factor - contributes to the violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• 
  low air temperature of the working area. The action of the factor - contributes to the occurrence of various acute and chronic colds;
• 
  increased noise level in the workplace. The action of the factor - contributes to a decrease in hearing acuity, impaired functional state cardiovascular and nervous systems;
• 
  increased level of vibration. The effect of the factor - the heat exchange of the human body with the environment is difficult;
• 
  increased air humidity. The effect of the factor - the heat exchange of the human body with the environment is difficult;
• 
  low air humidity. The action of the factor - causes an unpleasant sensation of dryness of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, makes breathing difficult;
• 
  increased air movement. The action of the factor - causes the body to lose heat and can be the cause of colds;
• 
  reduced air movement. The effect of the factor is an increased content of dust in the air, toxic emissions and odors of chemicals, etc. causes increased fatigue of workers, dizziness, allergic and other diseases;
• 
  increased voltage in the electrical network, the closure of which can pass through the human body. The effect of the factor - non-compliance with the rules on electrical safety can cause local electric shocks to the human body (burns, mechanical damage, etc.) or electric shock.
• 
  Increased level of static electricity. Effect of the factor - discharges of accumulated static electricity can lead to injury to an employee due to reflex movement near unprotected moving parts of equipment, diseases of the nervous system and others, cause ignition of combustible substances, fires and explosions;
• 
  Increased level of electromagnetic radiation. The effect of the factor - the energy of the HF, UHF, microwave ranges can cause disturbances in the cardiovascular, endocrine systems, changes in the nervous system and other diseases;
• 
  Lack or lack of natural light. The action of the factor - can lead to light starvation of the human body.
• 
  Insufficient illumination of the working area. The effect of the factor - there is visual fatigue, pain in the eyes, general lethargy, which lead to a decrease in attention and an increase in injuries;
• 
  Reduced contrast. The action of the factor - can lead to overstrain of visual analyzers;
• 
  Direct and reflected brilliance. The effect of the factor is that open lamps in the field of view (direct brilliance) lead to rapid fatigue of vision. The reflected glare created by work surfaces with a high specular reflectance towards the worker's eye causes blindness and leads to increased visual fatigue, headaches, stinging sensations in the eyes, etc.
• 
  Increased level of infrared radiation. The action of the factor - can lead to diseases of the organs of vision and changes in the state of the central nervous system;
• 
  sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of inventory, equipment, tools, goods and containers. The effect of the factor is that injuries, minor injuries to the hands and other unprotected parts of the body are possible.

1. 
   Chemical factors:

- acrolein, ammonia, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and others harmful substances in the air of the working area. The effect of the factor is irritation of the upper respiratory tract, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, poisoning of the body and other diseases;

Lead and its compounds. The action of the factor - penetration into the human body through the mouth, respiratory tract and skin causes acute and chronic poisoning;

Lubricating oils. The effect of the factor is that with frequent contact with oils on open areas of the body, with prolonged work in clothes soaked in oil, acute and chronic skin diseases can occur. Inhalation of oil vapors causes poisoning.

Acids. The effect of the factor is that when acid gets on the skin, dermatitis and burns are formed. Sulfuric acid vapors corrode the teeth and disrupt the physiological functions of the esophagus.

Caustic alkalis. The action of the factor - alkali acts in a cauterizing way (a scab forms on the skin). With prolonged work and non-observance of labor protection rules, dermatitis, softening and rejection of the stratum corneum, cracks and dry skin can form.

Disinfectants, detergents and other products. The effect of the factor - allergic and other diseases are possible.

1. 
   Psychological factors:

- physical overload (work "standing", lifting and carrying weights. Effect of the factor - diseases of the musculoskeletal system, prolapse of internal organs, vascular and other diseases are possible;

Neuropsychic overload. Overvoltage analyzers. The effect of the factor is fatigue, leading to a decrease in attention;

The monotony of work. The action of the factor - leads to increased fatigue, reduced attention, and, as a result, to the possibility of injury to the employee;

Emotional overload. The effect of the factor - diseases of the cardiovascular system are possible.

1. 
   Providing the employee with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment.

1. 
   At work with harmful working conditions, as well as at work performed in especially temperature conditions or associated with pollution, the employee is issued free of charge, according to established standards, special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment.

1. 
   Fire and explosion safety requirements.

1. 
   Before starting work, receive a fire-fighting briefing, and in rooms and at work with an increased fire hazard, pass a fire-technical minimum.
2. 
   Use serviceable switches, sockets, plugs, cartridges and other electrical fittings. Do not leave turned on equipment and electrical appliances unattended, turn off electric lighting (except for emergency) at the end of work.
3. 
   Smoking only in specially designated and equipped areas.
4. 
   When using combustible and flammable substances in work, remove them to a fire-safe place. do not leave the used cleaning material indoors at the end of the work.
5. 
   Comply with current fire safety regulations.

1. 
   Notification of the employer about cases of injury to the employee and malfunction of equipment, fixtures and tools.

1. 
   The victim or eyewitness must immediately report any accident at work to the immediate supervisor.
2. 
   If a malfunction of the used equipment, inventory, fixtures and tools is detected, the employee must report this to the immediate supervisor and do not start work until it is eliminated.

1. 
   Providing first (pre-medical) medical care.

7.1 Persons from among the employees should be specially allocated and trained to provide first (pre-medical) medical care to victims of accidents: temporary stop of bleeding, wound dressing, fracture immobilization (fixed bandage), resuscitation measures (artificial respiration, heart massage), release the victim from the source of damage and carrying him to a safe place.

1. 
   Personal hygiene rules that an employee must know and follow when performing work.

1. 
   Come to work in clean clothes and shoes, leave outerwear, headwear and personal belongings in the dressing room (specially designated area). Constantly monitor the cleanliness of the body, hands, hair.
2. 
   Wash hands with soap and water after going to the toilet, touching contaminated objects, and at the end of work.
3. 
   Do not eat in retail, warehouse and utility rooms.
4. 
   The employee is obliged:

• 
  use sanitary clothing for its intended purpose, do not store items in its pockets personal toilet, cigarettes and other foreign objects;
• 
  remove sanitary clothing when leaving the enterprise on the territory and before visiting the toilet;
• 
  if there are signs of a cold or intestinal dysfunction, as well as suppuration, cuts, burns, report it immediate supervisor and go to a medical institution for treatment;
• 
  Report all cases of intestinal infections in the family.

1. 
   Responsibility of the employee for violation of the requirements of the instructions.

1. 
   For violation (failure to comply) with the requirements of normative acts on labor protection, an employee is subject to disciplinary, material and criminal liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1. 
   Safety requirements before starting work.

1. 
   Wear serviceable clean special (sanitary) clothing, special (sanitary shoes) and other personal protective equipment. Pick up hair under the headdress.
2. 
   Clothing must be fully buttoned (tied) and not have hanging ends. It is not allowed to stab clothes with pins, needles, keep breaking and sharp objects in pockets.
3. 
   Check the equipment of the workplace with the equipment, inventory, fixtures and tools necessary for work.
4. 
   When performing new types of work, changing working conditions, etc. receive training in occupational safety and appropriate serviceable personal protective equipment.
5. 
   When operating equipment powered by an electrical network, there should be a poster at the workplace: “Do not turn it on. People are working."
6. 
   Prepare the workplace for safe work:

• 
  ensure the availability of free passages;
• 
  check the stability of the production table, rack, etc.
• 
  securely install mobile (portable) equipment and inventory (on a stand, desktop, mobile cart, etc.);
• 
  it is convenient and stable to place stocks of raw materials, goods, tools, fixtures, materials in accordance with the frequency of use and expenditure;
• 
  to check by external inspection the sufficiency of illumination of the working area, the working surface, the absence of blinding light, the condition of the floors and the absence of open unenclosed ladders, hatches, wells;
• 
  check by external inspection the absence of hanging and bare ends of the electrical wiring, the presence and reliability of grounding connections (the absence of breaks, the strength of contact between the machine body, the electric motor and the ground wire). Do not start work in the absence or unreliability of grounding (zeroing);
• 
  check the presence of guards for moving mechanisms, heated surfaces and the reliability of their fastening;
• 
  check the absence of foreign objects inside and around the equipment used, the presence of safety, regulation and automation devices, make sure that the dates for stamping the devices, the dates of examination, etc. not overdue;
• 
  check the serviceability of the used inventory, fixtures and tools:

1. 
   the trolley for moving must have safety brackets;
2. 
   the working surface of the production table must be smooth, without potholes, cracks, tightly adjacent to the base of the table, with careful soldering of the seams of metal sheets;
3. 
   the surface of special containers, cutting boards, handles of scoops, spatulas, brushes, etc. must be clean, smooth, without chips, cracks and burrs;
4. 
   knife handles must be durable, non-slippery and comfortable to grip, have the necessary support for the fingers of the hand, and not be deformed by exposure to hot water;
5. 
   blades of knives should be smooth, polished, without dents and cracks.

1. 
   Check the serviceability of ballasts (electric starters, limit switches, etc.).
2. 
   Switch on (switch off) equipment, devices, devices operating from the electrical network with dry hands.
3. 
   The employee must comply with the requirements of industrial sanitation (timely turn on and off local lighting, air showering, ventilation, regulate heating, etc.).

1. 
   Safety requirements during work.

1. 
   Use serviceable devices, tools, special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment necessary for safe work.
2. 
   Use tools, devices, materials, personal protective equipment only for the work for which they are intended.
3. 
   Perform only the work for which he has been trained, instructed on labor safety and for which he is admitted by the immediate supervisor (the person responsible for the safe conduct of work).
4. 
   Observe the rules of movement indoors and on the territory, use the established passages.
5. 
   Keep the workplace clean, remove spilled (spilled) products and other objects from the floor in a timely manner.
6. 
   Be attentive to the performance of their direct duties, not be distracted and not distract others.
7. 
   Make sure that the workplace is well lit and that the fixtures are clean and in good working order. Remember that the installation and cleaning of fixtures, the replacement of burned-out electric lamps and the repair of electrical networks should be carried out by electrical personnel.
8. 
   The employee is not allowed:

• 
  clutter up the workplace, passages and driveways to it with empty containers, inventory, etc., have excess stocks of goods, materials, etc.
• 
  use random objects for sitting (boxes, barrels, boxes, etc.);
• 
  touch open and not protected current-carrying parts of the equipment, contacts of the electric switch, as well as bare and poorly insulated wires;
• 
  leave electrical appliances, portable power tools, etc. switched on. in the event of a power outage or interruption in operation.

1. 
   Lifting and moving weights manually should be in compliance with the established standards:

For women

When alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) - weighing no more than 10 kg.

Constantly during work shift- weighing no more than 7 kg.

The value of the mass of cargo moved or lifted per shift when lifting from the working surface should not exceed 5 tons, from the floor or a level significantly below the working surface - 2 tons;

When moving goods on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.

For men

Constantly during a work shift weighing no more than 30 kg (for a loader - no more than 50 kg);

The value of the mass of cargo moved or lifted per shift (at all works except for unloading and loading) when lifting from the working surface should not exceed 12 tons, from the floor or a level significantly below the working surface - 5 tons.

1. 
   The distance between workers carrying loads must be at least 3 m.
2. 
   When working together with the cargo of two or more employees, it is necessary:

• 
  located on the same side with respect to manually moved long loads;
• 
  Accurately follow the orders of the foreman or senior. Raise, lower and dump the load only on command;
• 
  keep pace when carrying cargo on a stretcher. The command to lower the load must be given by a worker walking behind.

1. 
   Before lifting (moving) the load, it should be inspected. On the container, bend protruding nails, the ends of a metal tape, wire, etc. with a tool.
2. 
   Manual movement of cargo should be carried out using the simplest devices (trolleys, wheelbarrows, bear carts, etc.) subject to the following conditions:

• 
  the transported load must not exceed the carrying capacity of the trolley;
• 
  Loads should be placed on trolleys steadily and evenly over the entire surface of the platform in such a way as to prevent them from falling. The load must be stable and not go beyond the dimensions of the trolley;
• 
  the height of the load laid on the trolley should not exceed the eye level of the worker;
• 
  when moving a load stacked in a high stack, a second worker should be involved to maintain the stack;
• 
  move from behind the trolley, smoothly, without jerks, shocks and sudden stops;
• 
  the speed of movement of the trolley should not exceed 5 km/h;
• 
  when lowering a trolley with a load, its maintenance must be entrusted to several workers in order to prevent the trolley from slipping.

1. 
   Transport long loads on a trolley designed for this purpose.
2. 
   When loading containers, lifting and moving packaged and piece cargo, it is not allowed:

• 
  load containers more than the nominal gross weight;
• 
  lift and move the load without knowing its mass;
• 
  move cargo by drag;
• 
  lift and carry materials, goods, etc. in the wrong container.

1. 
   When placing cargo in warehouses:

• 
  the weight of the cargo on the pallet should not exceed the carrying capacity of a standard pallet;
• 
  the cargo on the pallet should not protrude beyond its limits by more than 20 mm on each side;
• 
  the dimensions of the indents of the goods should be: from the walls of the room - 0.7 m; from heating devices - 0.2-0.5 m; from lighting sources - 0.5 m; from the floor - 0.15 - 0.30 m.

1. 
   When stacking cargo:

• 
  stack loads manually to a height of no more than 2 m. During the stacking of goods, no people should be on the stack being formed;
• 
  boxes, bags, boxes, put in a dressing depending on the size (three, five, seven);
• 
  when laying cargoes in rolling-drum containers in several rows, they should be rolled along the slopes or slopes with the side surface, barrels with liquid cargo should be installed with the cap up. Each row should be laid on laying boards with wedging of all extreme rows. Do not use other objects instead of wedges;
• 
  do not put cargo in damaged or different-sized containers, in containers with slippery surfaces, in packaging that does not ensure the stability of the package;
• 
  provide gaps in the stack between boxes - 0.02 m, between boxes, pallets and containers - 0.05 - 0.10 m.

1. 
   The opening of the top of the boxes should be carried out from the end side with an appropriate tool (nail puller, tongs). Remove protruding nails, bend the metal upholstery inside the box.
2. 
   Barrels should be opened only by buggers. It is not allowed to knock down hoops and knock out the bottom of barrels with an ax, crowbar and other random items.
3. 
   To open cans, use tools designed for this purpose.
4. 
   When opening bags, keep the knife blade away from you.
5. 
   While working with a knife is not allowed:

• 
  make sudden movements
• 
  cut products by weight;
• 
  use knives that have loose blades, handles or dull blades;
• 
  check the sharpness of the blade by hand;
• 
  leave the knife during breaks in the processed raw materials;
• 
  rely on musat when editing a knife. To edit the knife about musat should be away from other workers.

1. 
   Be careful when cutting and chopping food by hand.
2. 
   Place dishes with culinary products only on stable stands.
3. 
   Use special tools (shovels, forks, pouring spoons, etc.) when dispensing (packing) goods. Store it in a special container and do not leave it in a container with milk, cottage cheese and other products.
4. 
   Manual cutting of the oil monolith is carried out using a string with handles. Don't pull the string with your hands.
5. 
   When preparing cleaning and disinfecting solutions, it is necessary:

• 
  use detergents and disinfectants approved by the health and sanitary and epidemiological authorities;
• 
  observe the established concentration of washing and disinfecting solutions;
• 
  avoid spraying disinfectants and their solutions on the skin;
• 
  do not exceed the temperature of cleaning solutions and hot water (in direct contact with them) above 50 degrees. FROM

1. 
   During operation using various kinds equipment to comply with the safety requirements set forth in the operational documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
2. 
   When using electromechanical equipment, it is necessary:

• 
  troubleshooting, adjustment, installation (change) of working bodies, removal of stuck products, cleaning and washing of used equipment should be carried out with the electric motor stopped using the “stop” button and disconnected from the mains, after the moving mechanisms have completely stopped;
• 
  remove and install interchangeable parts of the machine carefully, without great effort and jerks;
• 
  securely fasten interchangeable actuators, working bodies, tools;
• 
  load the machine evenly, through a bunker, loading bowl, etc. only when the motor is on;
• 
  comply with equipment loading standards;
• 
  push products into the loading machine with special devices (pusher, pestle, etc.);
• 
  remove product residues from the machine, clean the working parts with wooden spatulas, scrapers, etc.;
• 
  when removing the auger and the cutting tool of the meat grinder from the working chamber, use ejectors or special hooks. Do not use a short start of the machine for this purpose.

1. 
   When using electromechanical equipment, it is not allowed:

• 
  work with protective and safety devices removed from the machine, open doors, covers, etc.
• 
  adjust belts, drive chains during equipment operation;
• 
  exceed the permissible speed of the machine;
• 
  push food towards the cutting devices or hold it with your hands;
• 
  carry and move cash registers, bread slicers, coffee grinders, etc. connected to the electrical network;
• 
  use the machine to perform work that is not provided for in the instructions for its operation.

1. 
   To prevent emergencies it is necessary:

• 
  during a break in work to eliminate a malfunction, adjust, install (change) working bodies, remove stuck products, clean and wash the used electromechanical (thermal) equipment, it should be stopped (turned off), disconnected from the mains and a poster should be hung on the disconnecting device: "Do not turn on. People are working.”;
• 
  do not leave operating equipment unattended, do not allow untrained and unauthorized persons to operate it;
• 
  do not store tools, products, containers, etc. on the equipment;
• 
  in the presence of voltage (shocks) on the bodies of machines, devices, casings of ballasts, the occurrence of extraneous noise, the smell of burning insulation, an accident, spontaneous stop or improper operation of mechanisms and equipment elements, it is necessary to stop (switch off) it using the "stop" button (switch ) and disconnect from the mains. Report this to the immediate supervisor and do not turn it on until the malfunction is eliminated;
• 
  in case of illness, stop work, bring the workplace to a safe state, notify the immediate supervisor and contact a medical institution for treatment.

1. 
   Safety requirements in emergency situations.

1. 
   In the event of equipment breakdowns that threaten an accident at the workplace or workshop, it is necessary to stop its operation, as well as the supply of electricity, gas, water, etc. to it. Report on the measures taken to the immediate supervisor (the person responsible for safe operation equipment) and act in accordance with the instructions received.
2. 
   In an emergency, you should notify the surrounding people about the danger, report to your immediate supervisor about what happened and act in accordance with the emergency response plan.
3. 
   If you smell gas in a room that does not have installed gas equipment:

• 
  warn people in the room about the inadmissibility of using open fire, smoking, turning on and off electric lighting and electrical appliances;
• 
  open windows and ventilate the room;
• 
  inform the administration about this, if necessary, call the emergency service workers.

1. 
   If in the course of work the dream worker becomes contaminated with spilled varnishes, paints, greases or spilled powdery substances, work should be stopped until the contaminants are removed.
2. 
   In case of ignition of fuel (gasoline), do not extinguish the fire with water, use a foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Fill the fire with sand, earth or cover with a tarpaulin or other dense cloth.
3. 
   In case of fire, do not fill with water. It is necessary to stop heating it and cover it to stop the access of air.
4. 
   In case of injury, poisoning and sudden illness of an employee, he must be provided with the first (pre-medical) health care. Actions to provide this assistance are carried out by specially trained persons or eyewitnesses of the accident in accordance with the rules for providing first aid.

1. 
   Safety requirements at the end of work.

1. 
   Disconnect used thermal and mechanical equipment from the electrical network. Close the valves (cocks) on pipelines supplying gas, steam, water, etc. to the stopped equipment.
2. 
   Clean the used equipment after disconnecting it from the electrical network, and the thermal equipment after it has completely cooled down.
3. 
   Clean used inventory, fixtures and tools from contamination with a brush, ruffs, etc.
4. 
   After working with food products, wash and sanitize equipment, inventory, fixtures and tools in accordance with hygiene requirements, sanitary rules and regulations.
5. 
   Move portable equipment, inventory, fixtures and tools to designated storage locations.
6. 
   Collect food waste in specially marked containers (buckets, tanks with lids), which should be placed in refrigerated chambers or in other rooms specially designated for this purpose.
7. 
   Washing and sanitizing of inventory, fixtures and tools should be carried out in places specially designated for these purposes.
8. 
   Remove the remaining detergents and disinfectants in labeled dishes to specially designated storage areas.
9. 
   Tidy up your workspace. Do not clean up debris directly with your hands, use a brush, dustpan and other devices for this. Take out the collected garbage to the designated place.
10. 
    Turn off local lighting, ventilation.
11. 
    Wash hands and face with warm soapy water or take a shower. For stubborn dirt, use special cleaning agents. Lubricate your hands with a nourishing and skin regenerating cream.

Drawing up a staffing table without taking into account the industry focus and specifics of the organization's activities, as well as the specific conditions for the production of work, the provision of services, entails, firstly, the wrong selection of workers' professions and positions and, secondly, the distribution of functional duties of workers is not in full.

Enough has been said and written about the names of working professions, but nevertheless, as carpenters-machine operators, fitters, and similar carriers of professions not included in the National Classifier of Occupations worked in organizations, they continue to work. Often in organizations, employees work in the professions of workers (carpenter-machinist, fitter, etc.), not provided for by the national classifier of the Republic of Belarus OKRB 006-2009 "Professions of workers and positions of employees", approved by the decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus 10/22/2009 No. 125.

The same applies to the titles of positions of managers and specialists. So, in the staffing tables of organizations, there are often such positions of managers and names of specialists as assistant director, merchandiser, logistician, etc.

Naming the professions of workers and positions in this way, the HR specialist violates the requirements of Article 19 of the Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code), according to which the names of professions, positions, specialties must comply with qualification reference books approved in the manner determined by the Government of the Republic of Belarus.

To establish the names of the professions of workers, the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions of Workers (hereinafter referred to as ETKS) is used (paragraph 3 of part two, clause 1 of the General Provisions of the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions of Workers, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus dated 03/30/2004 No. 34).

Taking into account the above situations, taking into account the foregoing, the question arises: how to develop labor protection instructions for the professions of workers not provided for in the ETKS? For example, how to develop an instruction on labor protection for a carpenter-machine operator, if only machine operators of woodworking machines are allowed to work on woodworking machines?

And the merchandiser? Is it a profession or position? How to categorize and rate it? What are the functional responsibilities (ETKS or the Unified Qualification Directory of Employee Positions (hereinafter - EKSD))?

In order to exclude the occurrence of these issues, it should be taken into account that labor protection instructions are developed by profession and (or) certain types works (services) in accordance with the list of labor protection instructions, which is compiled taking into account the staffing table approved by the organization, the corresponding ETKS and EKSD.

How to take into account the requirements for labor protection when combining professions (positions)?

For an employer, an employee can perform work in several professions.

An employee who performs for the same employer, along with his main job stipulated by an employment contract, additional work in another profession (position) or the duties of a temporarily absent employee without being released from his main job during the duration of the working day (work shift) established by law, an additional payment is made for combining professions (positions), expanding the service area (increasing the volume of work performed) or performing the duties of a temporarily absent employee (part one of article 67 of the Labor Code).

From the position of labor protection, it is important to take into account all the work performed in each combined profession and allow the worker to perform labor functions in these professions only after passing all the mandatory procedures and labor protection requirements.

So, employees who combine professions (positions) or constantly perform combined work, including in complex teams, in addition to the personal protective equipment issued to them in the main profession, depending on the work performed, should be additionally issued other types of personal protective equipment provided for by standard norms for a combined profession (position) (clause 39 of the Instruction on the procedure for providing employees with personal protective equipment, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus dated December 30, 2008 No. 209).

At present, the practice of assigning additional work to an employee in another profession as part of the combination of professions is very common. This is due to the fact that in today's economic relations the employer, especially in small organizations of small business, cannot always provide the volume of work for employees in a certain profession and mistakenly believes that he will solve all production problems, guided by the principle of an “integrated team”.

However, a respected employer does not take into account that a worker cannot perform work in a particular profession without a document of an established state standard that gives the right to perform this work in the profession of a worker of the appropriate qualification. Such a requirement is established in clause 2.8.3 of GOST 12.3.002-75 “System of labor safety standards. Manufacturing processes. General safety requirements” (put into effect on the territory of the Republic of Belarus by the Resolution of the Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated 12/17/1992 No. 3, according to which persons admitted to participate in the production process must have professional training (including including on labor safety), corresponding to the nature of the work.

Example 1

The driver of a car cannot drive a forklift, since persons who have passed a mandatory medical examination, training (education), retraining in the relevant profession, internship, instruction and testing knowledge on labor protection issues are allowed to drive off-road vehicles. The corresponding profession is the profession of a forklift driver.

In this case, it is not enough to have a driver's license to drive a forklift (general purpose forklift, electric forklift, electric stacker, electric pallet truck, electric tractor). It is necessary to have a certificate of assignment of a qualification category (class, category) according to the profession of a loader driver.

Thus, the driver of the car must be previously trained in the profession of a forklift driver. A related profession must be formalized in the prescribed manner, and all mandatory labor protection procedures for the main (car driver and related (forklift driver)) professions must be carried out.

Similar requirements apply to repair work. So, it is widely believed that the machine operator (any) must independently repair his machine. Should he?

Safety during the operation of the equipment is ensured by the operation of the equipment by workers who have the appropriate qualifications in the profession, who have completed training, internships, instructions and testing knowledge on labor protection issues in the prescribed manner (clause 99 of the Intersectoral General Rules for Labor Protection, approved by a decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection Republic of Belarus dated 03.06.2003 No. 70 (hereinafter - General Rules No. 70)).

Work on adjustment, maintenance and repair of equipment should be carried out by workers who have the appropriate qualifications in the profession, who have undergone training, instruction and testing of knowledge on labor protection issues in the prescribed manner (clause 133 of General Rules No. 70).

Thus, it is not enough to give the machine operator a metalwork tool and instruct (oblige) to repair his machine. To begin with, he needs to be trained in a new profession - "mechanic-repairman" and to issue an adjacent profession in the prescribed manner.

Labor protection requirements must be observed when attracting specialists to work in working professions

Very often, some employers try not to see the difference between a working profession and a position. Why, for example, in their opinion, the foreman cannot stand at the machine of a sick machine operator and fulfill his daily norm, so as not to worsen production indicators and “pull out” the production plan? The foreman, on the other hand, has a profile higher (special) education, knows the technological process thoroughly, manages a whole section, which includes dozens of pieces of equipment and workers' professions.

However, this should not be the case. The master must fulfill his official duties to the fullest extent, without being distracted by "extraneous" matters and not performing work unusual for his position.

An energy engineer should not replace burnt-out electric lamps in lamps or a technologist in the literal sense with his own hands, adjust the machine - this is not part of their job responsibilities. For this, there are working professions, and managers and specialists are obliged to provide working conditions at each workplace that meet the requirements for labor protection, as well as to control the knowledge and compliance by employees with the requirements of labor protection and fire safety instructions.

How to control your subordinate workers if you yourself stand at the machine or “twist the screws”? Who is currently in charge of the immediate supervisor?

An even more common phenomenon in organizations is the absence of power engineers, mechanics or similar workers in the services. All work in the professions of workers is performed by officials of the organization.

The logic is simple - a higher education, which means that you know and can do everything, and most importantly, what a savings!

An even simpler method, used in some organizations, is to prescribe in the job descriptions of managers and specialists all types of work in the professions of workers that must be performed in the organization, and not to accept workers to perform these types of work, but to oblige officials to perform work in these professions.

With such a formulation of the question, an “excellent” hybrid is obtained, which, along with its main job, stipulated by an employment contract, simultaneously performs additional work in another (other) profession: it issues a task to itself, performs it itself, accepts the completed work from itself, and also takes care of his own safety during the performance of work and is solely responsible for his health and life.

However, everyone should mind their own business and be responsible for the assigned work, stipulated by the employment contract.

A specialist performing work in a working profession, in accordance with clause 44 of General Rules No. 70, before being allowed to work independently in a working profession, must undergo at least training and instruction in labor protection, and if these are jobs with increased danger, as a rule, a medical inspection, training and testing of knowledge on labor protection issues.

Example 2

A specialist who independently drives a company car may be allowed to drive it only after passing all the labor protection procedures provided for by the relevant regulatory legal acts: as with a car driver, instruction and testing of knowledge on labor protection issues. And when working with a computer, it is enough for this specialist to instruct on labor protection.

In the example above, the car and the computer should be treated as aids. (tools of production), used working to improve the performance of their duties.

Example 3

If it is necessary for an instrumentation and automation engineer to perform work in the profession of an instrumentation and automation fitter, he must to have a right to perform work in the profession. This right is confirmed by the presence of professional training (including labor safety) (certificates of the established form on the assignment of a qualification category in the relevant profession).

In addition, before being admitted to independent work, a specialist must undergo a medical examination, instruction, training and testing of knowledge on labor protection issues as a mechanic for instrumentation and automation.

Only after passing the specified mandatory labor protection procedures, a specialist can perform work in a working profession.

Nevertheless, one must understand that in these permissive approaches there is one big BUT!

We also note that if a worker can combine several professions and perform them during the working day, then everything is much more complicated with an official.

A specialist cannot perform the duties of an engineer for an hour, and work in a working profession for another hour, because in this case he will not be able to fully fulfill his official duties, exercise control over labor protection. Such "alternation" of labor functions in the end, most likely, will lead to an immediate danger to the life and health of him and those around him.

Therefore, managers and specialists performing work in the professions of workers must have a certificate of the established form on the receipt of the corresponding profession and be registered in the organization to perform these works part-time.

In other words, they must perform work in the profession of a worker. in free time from the main job on the terms of another employment contract having passed the necessary procedures for labor protection in this profession.

It is not necessary to substitute concepts and force an official to unofficially combine his duties with work in the professions of workers, deliberately violating the requirements of labor legislation and labor protection.

Sergei Zhartun, director of the business support center for labor protection ODO "ProfiTrud",