Equipment for the production of furniture panels. The technological process of manufacturing shields. Trimming and sorting

Organization of a mini-workshop.

Choice - Room.
Equipment for the production of furniture boards.
Staff.
Investments in mini business.
Financial plan.
Payback periods.
Marketing.
Advertising.
Sales of products.

Almost every person would rather have their own business than work as an employee. There are several reasons for this. First of all, business owners have the opportunity to do what they love and have a higher income. Owning even a small business is prestigious. Independence from external conditions and whims of the employer - also an important plus.

In this review, we want to talk about the woodworking workshop and the manufacture of furniture panels. Being engaged in the production of furniture boards, the workshop can also produce designer furniture, while there will be two independent sources of income and two client portfolios. So, where to start organizing a business and a woodworking workshop and the production of furniture panels?

Organization of a mini-workshop.
For small-scale production of furniture panels, it will be necessary to open a small woodworking enterprise, on the basis of which it will be produced furniture board. Of course, it is possible to focus production on the production of furniture, but it is not a fact that it will be in demand. The production of furniture boards makes it possible to form a portfolio of regular small-scale wholesale customers, respectively, to ensure a constant income for the woodworking shop.

It can be advised to open a mini-workshop in areas where felling is carried out and lumber production is available, but even when purchasing wood with delivery to the region, the business will be quite profitable. Let's consider it in detail.

Furniture shield, as a rule, is purchased furniture production. Manufacturing features, respectively, suggest a different texture and pattern of wood, which can distinguish author's furniture of mass and individual production. Despite a fairly wide offer, new wood-panel products with good workmanship are in demand on the market.

The main advantages of furniture structural material include:
- the use of new gluing technologies makes it possible to preserve and emphasize the natural texture of wood;
- glued structures, in contrast to the array, retain their overall dimensions unchanged and practically do not shrink;
- glued furniture panels are an environmentally friendly product used for the production of furniture and interior decoration;
- for production, you can make a furniture board of any size, which, accordingly, reduces the cost of inefficient use.
The production of furniture panels is a good basis for any woodworking business, as there is a steady demand. Hardwood and coniferous wood species are used as raw materials for production, pine is considered the most cost-effective material.
The production process of glued furniture board consists of next steps, means:
- drying lumber preferably in our own drying chambers, this will ensure high quality products;
- calibration and processing of lumber defects;
- dissolution of wood into lamellas and removal of defects;
- trimming to the required size and removal of defective places;
- splicing of blanks (along the length), jagged spikes are cut out at the ends of the blanks and glue is applied, trimming is carried out in size;
- calibration of lamellas in order to remove the adhesive layer and obtain geometrically accurate blanks;
- gluing of lamellas and gluing into a shield;
- cutting out defective seams.
- formatting the board with cutting in width and format cutting;
- clean calibration and final grinding.

Each process involves the performance of work on a special machine, part of the production processes can be carried out on semi-industrial woodworking machines, but it will still be necessary to mechanize and automate production as much as possible in order to obtain a high-quality product. The size and characteristics of the workshop premises will depend on the number of machines purchased.

Choice - Room.
A room for a mini workshop for the production of furniture panels is usually chosen in an industrial area. To do this, you will need to rent a warehouse or workshop at a territorially convenient enterprise. The workshop infrastructure should include administrative premises - 20-30 sq. meters, a warehouse for lumber and finished products of 30-50 sq. meters (preferably divided by different rooms), workshop premises 100-200 sq. meters.

The size of the workshop depends on the dimensions of the equipment. In general, industrial premises are of the same size, characterized by low rents.
The average cost for renting a warehouse will be 15,000-18,000 rubles per month.

Equipment for the production of furniture boards.

The universal four-sided four-spindle Winner Blazer BL 4-23 woodworking machine is suitable for a high-tech workshop, performs all the described operations. You can choose from inexpensive woodworking machines, their price is 12,000-36,000 rubles;

Double-sided thickness gauge MIDA SPBF-2S/500 or MB-2061 for slats, respectively, Portuguese and Chinese made. Thickness gauge JET JWP-12 m can be purchased for 18,000 rubles;

OMGA optimization line of the T 2000 NC series, a used Russian machine can be purchased for 640,000 rubles;
- end splicing line OMGA FJL-183, the Russian version will cost 144,000 rubles, a semi-automatic machine will cost about 56,000 rubles;

Glue application machine OSAMA S2R-1600, you can purchase a less expensive version of the machine for about 220,000 rubles;

Fan clamp TRIMWEX INDUK type SL(P), used clamp can be purchased for 300,000 rubles;

A machine for aging wood in order to obtain a unique texture of a furniture board will cost 320,000 rubles;

Some types of machines listed can be made independently. Accordingly, this will significantly reduce the amount of investments. When preparing a business plan, there are two ways to go. To purchase new or overhauled equipment on credit or leasing, most companies offer favorable conditions, respectively, you only need to work hard to pay for the equipment. The second way involves the purchase of used equipment at your own expense. This option also has advantages - you do not need to pay off debts.

Staff.
The number of workers in mini-shops usually consists of 5-15 people. As a rule, workers and carpenters also perform work on loading and unloading raw materials and goods. In general, you will need to hire the following employees, it is better to choose people with work experience or technical education:
Shop manager (he is also the owner and main foreman) - 70,000 rubles / month;
Accountant-secretary - 25,000 rubles / month;
2 professional carpenters-masters - 2 * 40,000 rubles / month;
2 apprentice assistants - 2*20,000 rubles/month;
1 machine operator - 50,000 rubles / month;
1 locksmith - 30,000 rubles / month;
1 loader - 20,000 rubles / month;
1 cleaner-storekeeper - 15,000 rubles / month;
2 watchmen - 10,000 rubles / month;
TOTAL: 350,000 rubles / month.

To work at an enterprise, it is necessary to conclude a contract with workers, as well as take out insurance, since work in production causes risks to health and life in case of violation of technical safety standards.

Investments in mini business.
The necessary investments will depend on the capacity of the workshop for the production of furniture panels and the level of its equipment. Would need:
- rent a room for production, prepare it for the deployment of the workshop, it may be necessary to repair, install a ventilation system, partitions, doors, gates and checkpoints. These costs depend entirely on the chosen premises and its equipment. We estimate the cost of this position without rent at 100,000 rubles;
- to purchase or order equipment, the estimated investment in technological equipment will be 1,820,000 rubles (approximately $45,000);
- the purchase of raw materials can be carried out under the order, 50 cubic meters. meters to start will be enough. The average price for 1 cu. m pine unedged board is 8,000 rubles, respectively, the costs will be 400,000 rubles;
- rent of premises for 3 months - 54,000 rubles.
- salaries for 3 months - 1,050,000 rubles, in this case there may be options, since it is not worth keeping employees without a load. Initially, you can hire an incomplete staff, and later expand it. For the first time months, salary expenses should be limited to 400,000 rubles / month.

Financial plan.
For example, the cost of a furniture board made of SS grade pine is 1,200 rubles per 0.04 cubic meters. meters, respectively, 1 cu. a meter of furniture board will cost 120,000 rubles, while the cost of an unedged board is 8,000 rubles.

First 3 months of work (partial load):
In this case, in order to recoup the costs of maintaining the workshop in the first 3 months:
- 18000 rubles / month. rent + 4000 rubles / month. communal payments;
- 400,000 rubles / month. wages.
You will need to receive an income of 422,000 rubles. When selling per month 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture panels, the turnover will be 2,400,000 rubles in the first months. Board costs: (20 cubic meters + 30% for marriage) * 8,000 rubles = 208,000 rubles. Accordingly, the cost of raw materials will not exceed 10%. The income will be:
2,400,000 (total sales) - 422,000 (costs of maintaining the shop) - 208,000 (costs of raw materials) = 1,770,000 rubles.
The break-even point (based on the cost of raw materials and the maintenance of the workshop) involves the manufacture and sale of 3 square meters. shield meters per month. Do not forget about the payment of VAT, payroll taxes and income tax.

After the workshop reaches its design capacity (50 cubic meters)
After the workshop reaches its design capacity (approximately 50 cubic meters), the income will be:
6,000,000 (total sales) - 105,000 (costs of maintaining the workshop) - 520,000 (costs of raw materials) \u003d 4,430,000 rubles.
The break-even point for the maintenance of the workshop involves the sale of 13 square meters. meters of furniture board.

Payback periods.
Thus, we will make an estimate of the costs of investing in a business and estimate the planned income in connection with the planned production volume.
So, for the first 3 months the workshop will operate in an experimental mode, produce and sell 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture board. Income excluding taxes to be 1,770,000 rubles per month.

According to our calculations, investment in equipment with a fully equipped workshop (see "Equipment") will amount to 1,820,000 rubles. In fact, with a properly established implementation, it is possible to recoup investments already in the first 2 months of the woodworking shop operation. This allows you to think about buying high-quality equipment on lease or on credit. But it is possible to postpone and form a financial asset, and in a year to radically expand production. So from a small workshop, you can create a fairly large woodworking enterprise engaged in the production of not only furniture panels.

Marketing.
Of course, such impressive results can be achieved only if the implementation is well-established. The task of marketing, which during the first steps of the business is the responsibility of the owner, involves the sale of furniture panels in bulk.

Usually wholesale involves the purchase of 10 cubic meters. meters. In practice, first of all, you need to conclude an agreement with two wholesale buyers. To do this, you need to offer a lower price of products.

In the following months, the portfolio should include 5 large customers. All this involves preliminary negotiations with customers and their search.

Advertising.
Obviously, in the first months of operation, a mini workshop for the production of furniture panels should focus on attracting wholesale customers in order to reach the break-even point. At the same time, working with wholesalers does not at all exclude the sale of the shield at retail or in small wholesale markets.

Any advertisement should be targeted at a potential consumer group. In our case, these are furniture enterprises. To present information about the new production, you will need to make booklets or brochures that describe the workshop and its capabilities. For advertising in the markets among small wholesale and retail buyers, you will need business cards and pocket calendars, which can be left in stores and on stalls. We must not forget that an online store will help sell goods.

Advertising costs will be:
- brochures 1000-2000 pcs. - 16,000 rubles;
- booklets 1000-2000 pcs. - 6000-8000 rubles;
- pocket calendars 1000 pcs. - 3000 rubles;
- online store - 8000 rubles with advertising.

If an active advertising campaign is required, this should be done by a separate employee - an advertising manager. The salary of a manager can be negotiable and amount to about 15,000 rubles for a part-time job. In some cases, the functions of an advertising manager are taken over by an accountant. For them, it is quite enough to order and receive products, as well as close financial documents.

Note that the creation of a site does not at all imply that it can be found without additional efforts. This is what a content manager usually does, who promotes the site in in social networks, search engines and forums. Typically, such specialists work on a contractual basis based on volume, so the costs can be planned in the process of operating activities.

Sales of products.
Sales of products for the first months of operation of the shop are usually carried out by managers. At the next stage, sales agents, managers are involved in the work and a sales department or sales department is created. Most sales agents work on a percentage of sales, so the owners of enterprises motivate traders to conclude more contracts, from which they are paid a constant percentage.

The independent work of the sales department gives a good result, the task of agents is to organize sales, the task of the workshop is to produce quality products. The functionality of the sales department is complemented over time by the functions of the advertising and marketing department, which must generate productive sales concepts, constantly replenishing the portfolio of large and small buyers.

In fact, the proposed review is an instruction on how to create a small woodworking shop and develop it to the level of a large woodworking factory. With a pragmatic approach, build big business from scratch is possible even today.
We wish you good luck in your first steps and hope that our review has helped readers to start their business and achieve great success. Despite the skepticism of many, it is possible to create a large business from scratch, the main thing is to carefully plan everything and not be afraid of work. Of course, the choice of business direction is of particular importance. It is in this choice that we decided to help you and facilitate the task of planning.

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Technological process production of bar parts

The technological process for the manufacture of bar parts from dry lumber (the moisture content of the wood should be (8 ± 2)%) consists of the following steps:

- cutting lumber in length (trimming) and in width (longitudinal cutting) into blanks;

– primary machining of workpieces;

- gluing blanks into a beam or into a shield;

- secondary machining.

The purpose of primary machining is to obtain finishing blanks. The primary machining includes the following operations: jointing and planing (planing).

For the manufacture of parts of small length (up to about 700 mm), it is recommended to use multiple blanks, the total length of which is more than 1000 mm. In this case, the multiple blank is already sawn into parts of the required length after its processing in thickness and width, which leads to a reduction in wood losses for allowances and a decrease in the labor intensity of manufacturing parts.

The technological process of manufacturing glued blanks consists of preparing plots (for a shield) or lamellas (for a bar) and gluing them.

The technology for preparing plots for gluing includes planing blanks with preliminary jointing. In this case, the duration of storage of blanks after planing before gluing should not exceed 8 hours.

If short-length plots or lamellas have the same transverse section, as blanks, then toothed spikes are milled at their ends and they are glued along the length, and then they are cut into blanks of the required length. For this purpose, special splicing lines are used. Then the blanks are planed and then glued in width or thickness.

The modes of gluing solid wood blanks depend on the brand of the selected adhesive.

The purpose of secondary machining is to obtain details. Secondary machining includes the following operations: milling (thorns, lugs and other profiles), drilling holes, grinding.

The technological process of manufacturing shields

The technological process of manufacturing shields consists of the following steps:

– cutting plates into blanks;

– primary machining of workpieces (calibration of workpieces by thickness);

– lining of layers;

– secondary machining (sanding and milling edges, edge banding, profile milling on the edges of workpieces; drilling holes, grinding).

The purpose of the primary processing of shields is to obtain finishing blanks before facing.

The purpose of secondary processing of shields is to obtain finished parts.

The facing of blanks from chipboard with sliced ​​or peeled veneer and films based on impregnated papers must be done in a hot way. For these purposes, a special press with heated plates is selected.

Double-sided grinding of faces is performed for workpieces lined with sliced ​​or peeled veneer:

– long workpieces (more than 400 mm long) are processed on wide belt grinders;

- workpieces of shorter length are ground on narrow belt grinding machines, on which workpieces can also be ground large sizes. However, the complexity of grinding in this case will be higher than on wide belt grinders.

The furniture board is a sheet wood material that has a rectangular or square shape.

It is made by gluing wooden bars together in width and length (in some cases). The width of each individual bar is about 10 - 50 millimeters.

Furniture board production technology allows the use of softwoods such as spruce and pine. Boards made of beech, oak, maple, ash and birch are quite popular.

History of furniture board production technology

Furniture panels are used for the manufacture of furniture, various building elements, as a decor. It is an environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing material compared to its chipboard counterpart. The furniture board has been used for quite a long time.

The technology for the production of furniture panels has not changed much over the past hundred years. In the non-conical version, the wood bars were compressed with a metal clamp. At the present time, this function is performed by the press. The mass use of this product began in the 70s of the last century.

Today among glued wood materials in the construction and furniture industry, cheaper analogues of the furniture board appeared.

In this regard, the scope of its application is rather narrowly focused:

• it is hypoallergenic natural material, so it is environmentally friendly;


• with proper processing, it looks aesthetically pleasing and elegant;


• furniture board is quite a practical material.

Advantages of furniture board production technology

Glued furniture board has significant features compared to other structural materials used in the manufacture of furniture:

• Long service life.


• Shield furniture is repairable. This is due to the homogeneity of the wood structure. Even a damaged piece of furniture can be very easily restored, after which it will acquire its original appearance.


• Wood refers to hygroscopic materials that regulate the humidity of the air in the room.


• Furniture from such a shield is able to adsorb harmful substances.


• The use of new gluing technologies makes it possible to preserve the natural texture of the wooden surface.


• The furniture board does not stick out during its operation and has minimal shrinkage.


• The environmental friendliness of this material allows it to be used for interior decoration, as well as for the manufacture of furniture.


• The furniture board can be obtained in any size (length, width and thickness).

Due to numerous advantages, the furniture board is very popular not only in Russia, but also in the world market. As a raw material for obtaining this material, edged lumber is used.

Stages of furniture board production

Drying equipment must be present at any production of glued panels. Only in this option can you be 100 percent sure that the wood will stick together reliably and firmly.

The technology for the production of furniture panels allows you to get different kinds of this material, depending on the area in which it will be used.

There are two types: single-layer and multi-layer. The first type is also called a massive or simple furniture board. Its thickness ranges from 14 to 60 millimeters. It is made from wood slats, timber or boards, about 18 mm wide, which are glued together in one layer parallel to the direction of the wood fibers.

A multi-layer shield consists of two front sides and an odd number of inner layers. All layers are laid symmetrically in thickness. It is she who determines the positive properties of this type of material. The thickness of the multilayer shield can reach 75 millimeters.

The main stages of furniture board production technology:

• Drying blanks.


• Preliminary trimming of the product.


• Opening defects and cutting the resulting workpiece along its width.


• Cutting out defective areas.


• Splicing the product along the length and obtaining lamellas.


• Lamella calibration.


• Applying glue.


• Shield bonding.


• Calibration and grinding.


• Trimming the shield based on the specified format.

New technologies for the production of furniture panels at the exhibition

The furniture board is a product deep processing wood, so gluing can significantly reduce wood costs, as well as maximize the use of lumber. This brings new varieties of high-quality materials to the furniture market.

Today, furniture items made with my own hands are very popular. After all, it is in them that the master can embody all his original ideas, which will help to decorate and personalize the interior of the home. In this regard, the question arises, how to make.

A furniture shield can be purchased at a hardware store, or you can make it yourself, while saving money.

Many people who have never been involved in gluing boards believe that there is nothing complicated in this process and the technology of work is quite simple. But gluing shields is far from an easy job, hiding many features.

The quality of a furniture board is influenced not only by the material and its texture, but also by the skill of the craftsman to combine the pattern of wood, the accuracy of the joint and the quality of the glue.

Properly prepared shields have the following characteristics:

• preserve the natural texture and pattern of wood;
• do not shrink, deform or crack;
• are an environmentally friendly material;
• regardless of the size of the blanks, the shields can have any required dimensions.

Material selection and preparation

Having decided to make any piece of furniture, you need to choose the right material. Typically, furniture panels are used in production, having a thickness of 2 cm (or 20 mm). This means that at home it is necessary to make blanks of a similar thickness. This is where the difficulties begin: boards with a total thickness of 20 mm are not suitable for gluing a shield. Even the most ideal wood when gluing will require additional processing. It will need to be cut or sanded. Therefore, the boards must be taken with a margin.

The best option for the manufacture of furniture panels is boards with a thickness of 2.5 cm. An allowance of 0.5 cm is removed in 2 steps: when processing surface defects before gluing and when finishing after it. Thus, the workpiece is brought to a thickness of 2 cm.

When choosing a material, you should immediately abandon warped or uneven wood. It is better to cut blanks from a massive board with a thickness of at least 5 cm: sawing it lengthwise into 2 parts, you will get boards with the same color and texture. You also need to pay attention to the length of the blanks. It should have a margin of 2 to 5 cm, which will allow high-quality processing of the end sections of glued panels.

To make the material with your own hands at home, you need to prepare the usual carpentry tools:

The device of the machine for gluing workpieces.

• planer or jointer;
• surface grinding and belt grinding machines;
• coarse sandpaper;
• level;
• corner;
• machine for gluing workpieces.

You will also need to prepare the wood from which the bars will be cut. It is better if these are wood species such as pine, aspen, birch or oak. Each furniture board is made from bars of the same breed. Typically, the dimensions of the bars have a ratio of width and thickness of 1:1, but other dimensions, for example, 1:3, can be used.

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Algorithm and manufacturing rules

After the material has been prepared, its surface must be carefully sanded, and then the wood should be cut into bars of the required size. Cuts must be made strictly at an angle of 90 degrees. If any defects or irregularities form, the shield will fail. In some cases, small distortions can be eliminated using planer or jointer.

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Combination of elements

An extremely important stage is the combination of blanks in color, texture and pattern. There is no need to hurry here, it is necessary to match the bars to each other as accurately as possible. A properly glued shield should be of the same uniform color, with a continuous pattern across the entire width. If parallel lines of the pattern pass along one edge of the workpiece, they must also pass along the other edge of the product.

In the case when the bars are glued incorrectly, the inverted shield looks like a fence made of separate boards. To prevent this from happening, you must try to choose wood for the product with a straight, and not a curvilinear or oval arrangement of fibers. In addition, close attention must be paid to the orientation of annual rings on wood cuts. They are arranged according to two main principles:

Each wood has its own shade, so it is very important to choose the right color for each board.

• plots (boards from which the furniture board is made) alternate in the direction of the rings;
• the plots are glued together so that all the rings look in the same direction.

In the first case, the surface of the shield after manufacturing has a slightly wavy pattern resembling numerous deflections. With the second method, the pattern resembles one large deflection. This manufacturing method can be used when working with hard and stable woods, such as cherry.

Orientation of annual rings should be taken into account in the manufacture of furniture for various purposes. So, when assembling countertops that experience little stress and almost do not warp, this factor may not be decisive. And in the manufacture door panels or massive tables that do not have reinforcing elements, preference should be given to assembly by alternating rings on bars.

After all the elements are matched to each other, they are marked with triangles. This allows you to fold the bars during gluing the way you intended.

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Preparation and gluing blanks

In order to glue the furniture board with high quality, it is necessary to design a simple device. main feature of such a device should lie in its flat surface. Prepare the following materials:

To grind the shield, you can use a grinder.

• chipboard sheet;
• 4 planks with a height equal to the height of the bars;
• 2 wedges;
• self-tapping screws or several clips.

The next step is to assemble the device. Chipboard sheet put on the table. Planks are installed along the sheet with clamps or self-tapping screws. Prepared slats are laid out between the slats according to the marks made during their sorting. The principle of operation of the device is shown in the diagram: image 1.

Then coat each of the sides of the bars in contact with each other with glue. Any glue used to glue wood elements will work here. It can be PVA or "Joiner". A soft brush is used to apply the glue, but you can work by smearing the composition with your finger. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that there is enough glue for gluing the elements, but not very much.

All glued surfaces are tightly pressed against each other. To fix the future shield on the edges of the slats, 2 more slats are installed perpendicular to them. They can also be fixed with clamps or screws. The slats protect the elements lubricated with glue from bending and deformation.

For tighter contact, the bars can be pressed against each other with wedges. The wedges are driven under the slats until drops of glue appear between the blanks. This is the first sign that there is sufficient pressure on the workpieces for high-quality gluing. In this position, the shield should be left for no more than 1 hour. Then it is taken out and dried during the day.