Types of sewer pipes for outdoor sewage. Types of sewer pipes and connections selection of pipes and fittings by type

We do not see them, but we actively use them every day. We are talking about internal sewer pipes that connect all objects with a vertical intra-house riser. The durability and reliability of the entire sewage disposal system depends on the quality of the pipes, correctly selected material, diameter and angle of inclination. To decide which sewer pipes to choose for internal sewerage in an apartment and a private house, for starters, it is better to draw up a system wiring project, evaluate the geometry of the room, the height of the plumbing installation and other features.

No. 1. Material of internal sewer pipes

Internal sewer wiring can be performed using the following pipes:

• cast iron. Previously installed everywhere, today they are practically not used;
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene. Looking ahead, we note that this is the most optimal option;
• polyethylene. Used infrequently;
• steel and copper. Expensive pipes that have not found use, but are sometimes still used due to their appearance.

Despite the fact that polypropylene and PVC pipes are the most common, when choosing, do not rush to immediately discard the remaining options, since in some cases cast iron and even copper pipes may come in handy.

No. 2. Cast iron pipes for internal sewerage

A few decades ago, there was no particular alternative to cast-iron pipes, so they are massively found in homes. old building. Today, cast iron is being replaced by plastic, but is still used. Such pipes are made from gray cast iron by centrifugal casting. To protect the material from corrosion and to give the inner surface smoothness, the pipes are coated inside and out with a bitumen composition. The diameter of cast iron pipes ranges from 5-15 cm, the wall thickness is 10-12 mm.

Advantages of cast iron pipes:

Surely, cast-iron pipes would have remained in the lead, if not for significant disadvantages:

• the walls eventually become overgrown with deposits. This is due to the roughness of the material, which even with a bituminous coating cannot be completely eliminated. The overgrowing process leads to a narrowing of the pipe lumen and a decrease in its throughput. Anyone who has seen what a pipe looks like after many years of operation will never forget this terrible sight;
• the large weight of the pipes, which complicates transportation;
• complex installation, which is explained not only by the large weight, but also by the peculiarities of connecting pipe sections. In order for the sewer system to be airtight, it is necessary to correctly connect the elements. Usually they use the method of caulking or caulking with a cable;
• susceptibility to corrosion processes;
• high price.

Today, cast iron pipes are not used to build a new sewer system, but they may be needed when existing systems are being reconstructed. At the moment, the use of cast-iron pipes is also justified in the arrangement of intra-house risers.

When choosing, it does not interfere with carefully inspecting the products and tapping each of them. Thus, it is easy to detect cracks and other defects that form when the manufacturing process is disturbed. A pipe with a marriage does not have a long service life. For connecting cast iron pipes are produced different kind fittings, plugs and sockets.

Number 3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sewer pipes

For the arrangement of internal sewerage are considered almost the most suitable option. During the production process, some other substances are added to polyvinyl chloride, which include stabilizers and polymers. Elements of the required shape are formed from the heated mass.

PVC pipes can be of two types:

• plasticized PVC pipes (PVC) have good elasticity and low strength;
• pipes made of unplasticized PVC (PVC-U) are more rigid and resistant to aggressive influences.

Of course, it is better to use unplasticized PVC, but in practice both types of pipes are used. The diameter of the products ranges from 2 to 20 cm.

Main advantages:

Minuses:

• limited operating temperature range. With constant exposure to negative temperatures, the pipes become brittle and lose their tightness, and with constant exposure to temperatures above +60 ... +70 0 С, the material is able to deform and also lose its integrity;
• insufficient fire resistance;
• the inner walls of PVC pipes are smoother than those of cast iron, but over time, plaque will still appear on them. In addition, over the years, the internal diameter changes. As a result of exposure to high temperatures, the circular section is transformed into an elliptical one, and this worsens the throughput and contributes to the occurrence of a leak;
• some aggressive substances contained in drains can still lead to the gradual destruction of pipes.

For the arrangement of internal sewerage from PVC pipes, appropriate connecting elements are used. Among them knee designed to rotate the pipeline at an angle of 20 to 87 degrees, tee for arranging branches, cross to connect four pipes, and reduction for connecting sections of pipes of different diameters.

No. 4. Polypropylene sewer pipes

Also calculate the distance from the riser to each drain point: if it is more than allowed, then ventilation ducts and connectors will have to be provided.

Don't forget to also buy siphons. It is desirable that they be of the same material as the pipes, then there will be a minimum of problems with the connection. After creating a pipe layout project, consider the places where the pipe changes direction and branches, as well as the places where several branches connect. Based on this, it can be understood how much reduction connectors(for joining pipes with different diameters), taps(otherwise knee, an element for creating a bend), tees and crosses will be needed.

No. 8. The slope of the internal sewer pipe

The sewer pipeline can be divided into two sections, vertical and horizontal. Vertical is a riser to which all horizontal pipes are connected, but they can be called horizontal with a stretch. Sewer pipes must be laid at a slight slope to the riser. This is necessary in order to:

• drains quickly went into the general sewer under the influence of gravity;
• there was no silting of pipes, which occurs when stagnant drains in areas without the necessary slope;
• did not arise unpleasant odors and breakthroughs as a result of siltation.

The larger the diameter of the sewer pipe, the smaller the slope required:

If these values ​​are observed, the optimal speed of movement of effluents, 0.7-1 m / s, is ensured.

You should resist the temptation to incline more than required. The larger the angle, the faster the drains will leave the apartment. This seems to be good, but such speed brings with it a lot of problems:

• sewage particles, solid food residues and other debris remain in the pipe under the influence of a high flow rate;
• silting of pipes and their complete clogging occurs. The service life of such a system is several times less than that which is built according to all the rules.

The slope should not exceed 15 cm per 1 meter. It is formed by means of fasteners on which the pipe will be held, or by creating a strobe in the wall.

Concluding, we note that the breakthrough of sewer pipes is one of the most unpleasant accidents that can happen in an apartment. That is why saving on the purchase of pipes and their installation is not worth it.

Designing a sewer system is an important part of construction modern home. It is difficult to imagine the life of people in whose house there is no sewerage. It must be airtight, strong, sufficient to meet all needs and durable.

The choice of pipes for sewerage is an important part of its design.

There are two types of materials used for these purposes: plastic and metal.

plastic pipes

Most in demand in last years — plastic pipes, which are more popular in comparison with metal ones, since they are easier to transport and mount.

Plastic pipes are divided into:

• polyethylene low pressure(PND);
• plastic high pressure(PVD);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP).

These materials differ from each other in terms of strength, endurance and cost. Pipes from different kind plastics are designed for different purposes: some are suitable only for cold water or drainage systems.

More durable, which in terms of resistance to thermal stress are quite comparable with metal, are recommended for use in heating systems. Plastic pipes are the most convenient for sewerage installation.

Benefits include:

• chemical inertness. All plastic pipes are resistant to any substances: acids, alkalis, salts, reactive oxygen species. They do not enter into chemical reactions. Solutions flushed down the drain will not harm.
• Smooth surface. Every unevenness or roughness in the sewer pipe is its weak point. Plaque forms here, which over time leads to overlapping of the lumen. In the event of such a situation, the sewer must be cleaned. Plastic pipes are smooth, so plaque does not form on their walls and it does not clog.
• Corrosion resistance. Plastic, unlike metal, does not oxidize under the influence of moisture and oxygen. They are not subject to corrosion even when in moist soil due to the properties of the materials from which they are made.
• Light weight. Plastic pipes are lightweight. They are easier to transport, easier to work with and less expensive.

Before drafting outdoor sewerage the type of pipes that will be laid underground is selected. The choice of their section and material will depend on the parameters of the trench dug under them and its slope. Now offered pipes from various materials, for example, from reinforced concrete, cast iron, polyethylene, PVC, ceramics and polypropylene. We will consider the features of these pipes further.

PVC sewer pipe red

PVC pipes come in orange color, have a number of undeniable advantages over their plastic counterparts:

• have high frost resistance;
• perfectly tolerate large mechanical loads;
• have high strength;
• their inner surface is resistant to mechanical and chemical wear resistance;
• are not subject to erosion by groundwater.

There is only one minus - such pipes are afraid of very high temperatures, its maximum limit is 50 ° C, and short-term - it can be 90 ° C.

This type of pipe is divided into three strength classes:

• SN2- lungs. They are used in those areas where there is no road, the laying is carried out at a shallow depth.
• SN4- medium. They can be laid under paths and small roads.
• SN8- heavy. Used for industrial enterprises and highways.

The nomenclature of red pipes for external sewage can be found in the following table:

Depending on the performance, two types of pipes are distinguished - smooth and corrugated. Their difference lies in the fact that the latter go larger diameter: their smallest size is 200 mm, and they consist of an inner smooth layer and an outer corrugated one, which increases the ring stiffness of the pipe and improves its contact with the ground. Unlike corrugated pipes, smooth pipes are used in places where there is no more load on the ground, for example, under walking paths or green areas.

For external sewerage, non-pressure PVC pipes are used, as they cope with normal loads. However, sewer sections where a pump operates to provide pressure for movement Wastewater, are equipped with pressure red pipes, since they are designed for large loads. If you neglect this rule, you can cause a breakdown at the moment when the soil exerts pressure on the outer surface of the channel.

uPVC pipes for outdoor sewerage

Unlike the previous abbreviation - PVC, PVC stands for non-modernized polyvinyl chloride. Such pipes are used for underground sewerage and under buildings, and under highways. They are suitable for use in wastewater storm sewer, as well as the disposal of industrial effluents. This material can withstand exposure to any chemical liquids.

PVC-U pipes intended for outdoor use have the following characteristics:

• have yellow or brown shades;
• diameter is from 110 to 1000 mm;
• they are light in weight, since they are made of a three-layer material, and the second layer is foamed, which is the reason for the low weight;
• are not exposed to chemical attack;
• have a long service life - an average of 50 years.

For PVC-U pipes, the same strength classes apply - SN2 (for unloaded areas), SN4 (for depths from 0.8 to 6 m) and SN8 (for great depths and road sections).

Of course, you should also be aware of the following cons:

• The operating temperature range is from -5 to +60°C, so it is highly likely that outdoor sewage will freeze during cold seasons.
• In cases of material melting, toxins will be released into the atmosphere.
• Often damaged due to the actions of rodents.

Cast iron pipes

in private houses and apartment buildings 10-15 years ago, cast-iron pipes were installed everywhere, which today are more used for outdoor installation, due to their following positive aspects:

• high strength;
• service life, which can reach up to 80 years;
• ability to withstand heavy loads;
• good corrosion resistance.

In this case, there are two types of such pipes:

• SMU- have the same diameter throughout their entire length without any special detachable connections.
• SME- unlike the previous version, they have a detachable connection for pipe joints on one side.

Of course, it is worth noting their shortcomings: a lot of weight and a rough inner surface, because of this feature, they quickly become clogged. This type of sewer pipes in private construction is rarely used. In addition, after freezing the cast-iron pipe, there is a possibility that it may burst.

plastic pipes

If a strong dynamic impact is expected at the place of pipe laying, then it is better to use one of the varieties of plastic pipes. Often in aggressive environments, two-layer corrugated pipes made of PP and PE are used. Appropriate connecting products are selected for them in the form of couplings, adapters, bends and others.

If it is assumed that the temperature of the transported liquid will exceed 70 degrees, then plastic pipes cannot be installed.

Polypropylene pipes (PP)

are the most common, produced in gray color. They are in great demand in private construction when performing an internal sewer system, and for an external system they are made of more rigid polypropylene. They work at a temperature of 75 degrees, and for a short time they can withstand 95 degrees. At low temperatures (below 10 0С) the pipes become brittle.

Polyethylene pipes (PE)

These products have a high density - they have increased wall thickness. This affects their cost and weight. Their successful variation used for outdoor sewerage is reinforced PE.

Installation of external sewerage

The laying of such a sewer begins with the creation of a project, after its approval, several steps will be required to ensure the reliable removal of waste water from the house. So, the sewage device is as follows:

• Choosing a place for a septic tank. It must be located no more than 9 meters from the house, and 30 meters must be retreated from the water intakes on the site. The pit under it should be 1 meter deep. In parallel with the septic tank, it is required to dig. Its depth is 1.5 meters, but this size is already indicated from the level of soil freezing.
• Arrangement of a septic tank. Two reinforced concrete rings are installed in the pit, if the depth allows, then three are possible. Their diameter can be 90 cm or more. If such a construction is carried out on clay soils, then several holes should be drilled in its bottom, through them the waste water will go into the ground. It will not stagnate, so less often it will be necessary to call a machine to pump out the pit. The volume of the septic tank is selected based on how much water the whole family can use per week.
• Arrangement of a filter well. It is necessary for settling water, after which it enters the ground. In order for purified water to evenly fill the area, special pipes with holes should be laid.
• Sewer insulation. External sewer pipes need additional insulation, foam panels are used for it.
• Pipe laying. Trenches are dug under them, they should be about 1 meter deep, you also need to provide for a slope in the direction in which the septic tank is located.
• Connecting pipes to a septic tank. Pipe connection point cesspool must be movable, if the pipes are rigidly attached, they can burst due to seasonal displacements of the soil.
• Finishing work. After connecting the external sewer to the internal water supply, the installation should be checked. From the taps, water is supplied under the strongest pressure. If there are leaks in some places of the line, they must be immediately sealed with sealant. After such a check, all pipe connections can be sealed with construction foam, the pipes can be covered with insulation and the work can be completed by backfilling the earth to ground level.

To clearly see how the installation of the external sewer pipe is carried out, it is proposed from the video:

At correct calculations the volume of the septic tank and the work performed, pumping out wastewater will be required only once every two years.

Video: Choosing sewer pipes

In the proposed video, the specialist gives advice on choosing pipes for sewage (internal, external) and gives important characteristics of each of their types:

The installation of outdoor sewer pipes is simple: first, trenches are dug under it, then the pipes are laid and covered with earth. The choice of one of their material options depends on the depth of laying and the operation of the surface above them. The most commonly used are cast iron and plastic pipes.

Each section of the sewerage system uses different material sewer pipes and are required different types, depending on operating conditions. To correctly select all the elements, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics, requirements and types of these products. Pipes and connections are an integral and important part.

To select high-quality products with excellent characteristics and an affordable price, you need to know the requirements for sewer pipes. They should be:

1. Durable and durable, because by installing an internal or laying an external sewer during the construction of a cottage or a summer house, each house owner hopes that he will not have to repair it soon and eliminate the unpleasant consequences of a breakthrough.
2. Resistant to temperature extremes, ultraviolet radiation, mechanical stress and the ingress of aggressive reagents.
3. Convenient and easy to install, light weight and reliable connections.
4. Features a high flow capacity and a smooth inner surface so that household drains with different particle sizes do not cause regular connections.

Sewer pipes are multifunctional and have different types

When deciding which products to choose, it is necessary not only to adhere to the most important requirements, but also to assess the specific conditions in which the pipeline will operate, and determine the cost, because the financial component during construction is important.

Types of sewer pipes and connections vary depending on the installation location. internal system designed to collect domestic waste from all sanitary appliances in the house and transport them within the building. External sewerage supplies effluents to general or local treatment facilities. The most important indicator classification is the material of sewer pipelines, they are made of cast iron, concrete, asbestos cement, ceramics or polymers.

Internal sewerage

Before choosing sewer pipes, the types of which should correspond to the interior of bathrooms, kitchens, baths or home pools, you should clarify the number of plumbing fixtures, the likelihood of their simultaneous use, the maximum flow rate and the degree of improvement of the building. Products can be made of polyvinyl chloride, their advantages include a small specific gravity, ease of installation and an attractive price that allows you to significantly reduce costs. But pvc pipes can be deformed under the influence of high temperatures, they are unstable to a number of chemically active substances, are flammable and emit toxic substances.

The low pressure polyethylene pipe is characterized by almost perfect smoothness of the inner surface of the walls, long service life, high strength and rigidity, the ability to function in a wide temperature range and ease of installation. But when laying such a pipeline, it is advisable to install special protective boxes, since such material is not resistant to direct sunlight.

Plastic and mechanically resistant polypropylene pipelines are so reliable at elevated water temperatures that the selected material can be used not only for sewerage, but also for heating system. Application of modern polymer materials guarantees that the service life of the system will be at least 25 years.

Outdoor sewerage

How to choose external sewer pipes depends on the terrain, the allocated budget and the availability engineering networks in the home area. Until relatively recently, cast iron was the most popular material for risers inside buildings. The material has excellent physical and chemical properties, thanks to which it does not lose its relevance in the construction of external networks today.

Cast iron pipes do not rust, they can last for about 70 years without deforming from the loads created by the weight of the soil and passing vehicles. The disadvantages of this type of pipelines include high weight, fragility and high cost. In addition, impurities accumulate on the rough inner surface of the pipes, and the diameter of the pipe gradually narrows, which can lead to blockages.

Ceramic products are very durable, they are resistant to chemical reagents in the composition of wastewater, but they are quite fragile and laborious to install, because such pipes with a diameter of up to 600 mm have a length of only 1.5 meters.

Asbestos-cement sewer pipes are inexpensive and light enough. They are quite resistant to aggressive environments, have a smooth inner surface, but are quite fragile, besides, asbestos cement has carcinogenic properties.

Despite their environmental friendliness, concrete pipes for outdoor sewerage in private homes are rarely used, because due to their heavy weight, special equipment is needed for their delivery and installation.

Currently, these types of sewer pipes are used less and less, more and more often the owners of private houses choose modern products made of polypropylene, fiberglass or polyethylene. The strength of such pipes, sufficient to withstand the weight of the soil, is given by double walls, special stiffeners that give the pipe the appearance of a corrugation, and ring reinforcements. Such pipes are quite light, they are much easier to transport and install.

The uninterrupted operation of the sewer system depends on the competent choice of components and correct installation networks. Often home craftsmen equip engineering systems independently and are faced with the primary question: which sewer pipes in the house are better technically and financially.

We will help you sort out a difficult issue. The article we have proposed describes all types of pipes used, lists their positive and negative sides. The material is systematized to make it easier to compare product characteristics, service life, cost and application practice.

Sewer system home - network engineering communications, designed to drain household waste from private and multi-storey buildings. The movement of waste is produced spontaneously according to the laws of gravity. The entire communication complex includes networks of internal and external pipelines.

Domestic sewerage consists of plumbing fixtures, filtering plants for pre-treatment of wastewater, pipelines, risers, collectors and outlet lines located within the house.

Sewer pipes have a different color, indicating the purpose of the product. gray or White color– installation of an internal main line, red or orange coloring – arrangement of an external sewage system

Operating conditions, technical specifications, the prices of pipes for outdoor and indoor installation differ from each other. The sewer network in the house is not under heavy load and is used in gentle conditions - the pipeline is laid inside the building and closed with decorative panels.

The main requirements for the intra-house sewer line:

1. Strength. Despite the "light" operating conditions, the pipes must withstand mechanical loads and the pressure of waste fluid flows.
2. Bio- and heat resistance. The manufacturing material must be chemically inert to aggressive components (cleaning preparations, etc.) contained in the discharged masses. It is important that it is resistant to high temperatures.
3. Smoothness. No gaps internal coating pipes provide unhindered movement of waste. Even slight roughness over time causes a reduction in the flow area and clogging of the sewer.
4. Ease of installation. A light weight and ease of connection of individual elements facilitate the assembly of the sewer line.

An additional requirement is the compatibility of the internal pipeline with the sanitary facilities of the premises and elements of the external sewer network.

The rules for organizing intra-house sewerage are set out in SP 30.13330.2012 and SNiP 2.04.01. The standards allow the use of pipes made of materials that maintain stable hydraulic resistance for 25 years