How to fill the foam crumb between the walls. Attic insulation with foam. Additional application of granules

Styrofoam can insulate a house, apartment, garage, barn, extension and even a bathhouse. But the latter must be insulated carefully, observing some rules. But are there construction objects that cannot be insulated with foam plastic? Yes, there are. Styrofoam cannot be used to insulate a basement and a building with a ventilated facade. Why?

The advantages of polystyrene foam as a heater are very wide. But its capabilities, as a material with certain physical and chemical properties have some negative connotations. What are the pros and cons of styrofoam? This article is about this. But first, the positives.

The benefits of foam

One of the thinnest insulation

Among all heaters, ordinary foam, also known as polystyrene foam, has almost the lowest thermal conductivity. What does it mean? This means that its thickness as a heater will be the smallest compared to other materials. Here is a list of these materials in ascending order of their ability to conduct heat:

1. Penoizol (50 mm).
2. Polyfoam insulation (75 mm).
3. Mineral wool (125 mm).
4. Wood (340 mm).
5. Brick wall(900 mm).
6. Concrete (2132 mm).

Note:

• in parentheses is the thickness of the materials at which their equality as heat insulators is achieved;
• penoizol is liquid material, which consists of several components. When mixed, it swells and hardens. At the same time, it acquires a porous light structure similar to hardened mounting foam. Its main disadvantage is toxicity. Therefore, it can only be used for insulation non-residential premises. Usually, it is poured into a specially prepared cavity inside the wall.

The lightest insulation

Find out the weight polystyrene boards very simple. All manufacturers indicate the density of the material on the packaging:

• 15 kg / m 3;
• 25 kg / m 3;
• 35 kg/m 3 .

And the density of one cube is its weight. That is, one cube weighs 15, 25 and 35 kg, respectively. By the way, this way you can check the quality of the material you buy. If the package says 25 kg/m 3 , and the checked package of sheets weighs less, don't hesitate. You have been a little misled.

Sometimes the manufacturer bypasses this point. For example, in a package with a declared density of 25 kg/m 3 there will be sheets with a really lower density. But this package will have some beautiful name of its own. And a pack of sheets with a real declared density will be called differently: “ Warm house”, “Standard” or “What else is there”. But, in any case, the lighter the pack, the lower the density of the insulation. Remember this.

For work, you can use foam of any density. The main thing you need to understand is that the lower it is, the more fragile and fragile the sheet will be in your hands. And the use of such sheets, for example, on the first floor of a building is highly discouraged - the facade can easily be damaged upon impact. Therefore, the denser the sheet, the better.

One of the cheapest heaters

This is really the most inexpensive industrial material for insulation. At the same time, two types of it are used in construction practice:

• sheet foam;
• foam chips or balls.

Today, the sale price for both of these species is approximately equal. Most likely, this is due to an increase in demand for balls. Most often they are used for roof insulation. The cement-sand mixture is mixed with balls and poured onto the floor. It turns out warm, durable and inexpensive.

Styrofoam is a very versatile insulation

Here are its main areas of application:

• wall insulation;
• roof insulation;
• floor insulation;
• insulation of the basement of the house.

Wall insulation with foam sheets has become a classic today. The result is very warm, relatively inexpensive, strong enough and reliable. In terms of operating time, expanded polystyrene covered with a layer of plaster can serve for a very long time. Manufacturers guarantee the service life of the facade of polystyrene boards without overhaul for 30 years. They say that in Germany, foam-insulated houses are insured for longer periods. Up to 100 years.

When insulating the roof, polystyrene chips or balls are most often used as part of a cement-sand mixture.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used for the floor and plinth. It differs from the usual foamed manufacturing technology, greater density and strength. But it also has a much higher price.

A little more positive about polystyrene foam

Styrofoam is the most convenient and pliable construction material at work. It can be cut with a knife or hacksaw. You can easily make any hole or recess in it. This property is very much used by builders in the design of curly elements of the facade of the building. It is very easy to make cornices, ledges, window frames and other architectural elements from such a convenient material.

Due to its lightness, the foam element can be glued to the facade in any place. Well, after the glue dries, it can be easily further processed, for example, with a drywall planer.

These were the strengths of the foam insulation. But, like any other material, it has its weaknesses. What are the disadvantages of polystyrene foam and why can't it be used to insulate a basement or a ventilated facade?

Disadvantages of foam

In order to make the right decision, in addition to everything positive, it will be very useful to know some of the negative aspects inherent in polystyrene foam. There are several.

Styrofoam is a combustible material

Whatever the manufacturer says on the packaging, when in contact with fire, polystyrene foam burns and melts. Therefore, you need to make sure that the fire does not get close to it. The consequences can be very dire.

That is why it is impossible to use expanded polystyrene on a ventilated facade. Direct contact with air and the void between the insulation and the surface of the facade create all the conditions for good combustion. Emptiness, by the way, works as an additional draft of air.

Styrofoam releases hazardous substances

In the process of natural aging - destruction, polystyrene foam releases styrene monomer from itself. Its smell can be clearly heard if you put a pack of foam sheets in a closed room. After a while, a characteristic bad smell. That is why it is impossible to make foam insulation inside residential premises. But, unfortunately, few people know about this.

By the way, that's why you need to carefully and carefully insulate the bath with polystyrene foam. When heated to 90 degrees Celsius, the release of volatile compounds dangerous to human health becomes very large.

Styrofoam is hygroscopic

That is, it draws moisture into itself. Whatever they say, he does it, though not quickly, but confidently. Therefore, insulating a damp, cold basement with ordinary foam will be a very bad idea. It is better to use extruded polystyrene foam for these purposes. It has a different internal structure due to which it does not pull moisture.

To test this statement, you can put a piece of ordinary foam and extruded plastic into the water. After a while, you will receive two materials of different moisture content. One will be heavy and wet, and the second dry and light.

Styrofoam works as a vapor barrier

This is another serious minus, which few people think about at the design and construction stage. It manifests itself especially well in houses that are built entirely of polystyrene foam blocks.

A person in the process of breathing exhales warm water vapor with air. This steam must come out of the room. The main direction of steam movement is up and to the sides. The ceiling and walls work like a kind of steam vent, they "breathe". In a building insulated with polystyrene foam, a good forced ventilation. Otherwise, in winter it will be possible to collect water on the windows with buckets, and the room will be very humid.

Styrofoam is a good home for mice

This is a proven fact. Small gray rodents live well in ordinary polystyrene foam. For them, this is a kind of paradise - warm, soft and safe. Whatever happens, it is necessary to limit the contact of the insulation with the places of possible entry of rodents as much as possible. It can be done mineral wool or metal inserts. Rodents do not like mineral wool, and they cannot gnaw through a metal insert. They also do not live in extruded polystyrene foam.

In this article, it turned out to list the main positive and negative properties of the foam. As a heater, polystyrene foam has a very wide range positive qualities. But as a material, it has significant disadvantages. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the use of expanded polystyrene in the insulation of the housing itself in a balanced and thoughtful way.

By the way, the name itself - "polystyrene", came to us from the time Soviet Union. At that time, the first import supplier of polystyrene foam boards was a company with the word "Penoplast" in its name. It turned out like with a copier - the name of the company became the designation of a whole class of copiers. The same thing happened with styrofoam.

Currently, during the construction of buildings, internal and external energy-saving cladding is very often performed using bulk materials. Offered on the world market huge selection similar option for insulation. This article will analyze what types of bulk insulation are for walls and ceilings, which types of insulation backfills are better to choose for walls, and which ones are for floors and ceilings.

Types of bulk insulation

Manufacturers of bulk granular heat insulators are presented quite big choice material. Bulk insulation is made from paper, stone, resin, polymers and even clay. Let's see what are the advantages and disadvantages of certain types, and also describe the main technical characteristics.

To replace the insulation in the house was carried out correctly, you need to have some experience. The recommendations of experts will help in this. It is necessary to mix everything in the right proportions, choose a hygroscopic material, and foam crumb can also be used.

Expanded clay

It is likely that this is the most ancient and well-known type of raw material. In modern construction, expanded clay can be safely called the "classic" of loose heat insulators. This species has good advantage– light weight and porous structure. It is produced by firing alloy clay and is an environmentally friendly raw material. Expanded clay does not burn and practically does not absorb moisture, does not enter into any chemical reactions, mold does not start in it, mice do not live.

The main disadvantage is that, with the possible absorption of moisture, expanded clay does not give it well - it is very difficult to dry a wet insulation layer.

There are three types of this raw material:

• expanded clay sand (screening);
• expanded claydite crushed stone;
• expanded clay gravel.

It should be noted that this bulk heat insulator is much cheaper than its competitors. It can be mixed with sawdust, while the layer of insulation should be slightly larger, since wood has a slightly lower resistance to heat transfer.

Granulated polystyrene foam

We often hear this loose insulation under a different name - polystyrene foam. If you look closely at a sheet of expanded polystyrene, you can see that it consists of many balls. If they are well loosened, then their density decreases, and the volume increases.

This type of heat insulator is used mainly when filling voids in ready-made structures. The crumb is simply blown in using a special device, and it is very important to bring the process to maximum compaction. The disadvantage of this raw material is that over time it can shrink.

Its use is possible for warming the floor, ceiling, sloping roofs. But there is still controversy about the use of expanded polystyrene in this area:

• on the one hand, it is a lightweight material that is used for insulating walls and roofs or is used as an additive to concrete (polystyrene concrete);
• on the other hand, they warn of its toxicity and flammability.

This material in the form of a heater began to be used relatively recently, and its properties have not yet been fully studied. Expanded polystyrene does not absorb moisture, but it is afraid of very high air temperatures.

Vermiculite

Many do not even know what vermiculite is, despite its natural origin. The basis of this heat-insulating material is mica, which explains its layered structure. During the production of vermiculite, the addition of chemical additives and impurities is avoided, which allows its frequent use in the insulation of loggias, balconies, and residential premises.

When this heat insulator is covered with a layer of 5 cm, heat loss is reduced by 75%, and with a thickness of 10 cm, heat loss is guaranteed to drop by 92%. The service life is unlimited because it does not contain any perishable impurities. The insulation is non-flammable and non-toxic.

Even with a strong wetting of a separate area, this insulation will evenly distribute moisture over the entire area, and then completely bring it out. Thanks to this "smart" property, all the consequences of wetting the heat insulator are minimized. Mold and pathogens will not develop in it, and the load on the foundation from structures with this type of insulation will be minimal.

And also it can be mixed with sawdust in a 50/50 ratio.

sawdust

Sawdust is called particles of recycled wood obtained by sawing, outwardly they look like small dust. These bulk heaters have been traditionally used for more than one century. And yet, due to their tendency to absorb moisture, sawdust rots over time. Many are mixed with other materials such as clay or vermiculite. It is important to know that only small sawdust can be used as a heater, which are obtained by processing wood on modern high-speed machines.

Cellulose insulation - ecowool

This loose insulation is a mixture of shredded newsprint (81%), antiseptics (12%) and flame retardants (7%). In the world construction market, this type of heat insulator was first used about a hundred years ago, but in Russia it became known about ten years ago. The main antiseptic component is boric acid, and as a flame retardant (fire-retardant element) - borax. Thanks to these substances, ecowool fully justifies its name. The material is non-toxic and environmentally friendly.

The minus of ecowool is the rapid absorption of moisture, which leads to shrinkage of the insulation, therefore, in regions with high humidity its use is not recommended. Cellulose insulation is great for construction complex structures, since the fibers of the material fill all the voids in the energy-saving finish.

Foam glass in granules

Foam glass is produced from broken glass, which is crushed into tiny particles, melted down, then mixed with coal. As a result, carbon dioxide escapes from this alloy, which forms air bubbles in the foam glass structure. The manufacture of this heat insulator is quite expensive, as a result of which it is very rarely used in private construction. But it is often used in industrial facilities or in the construction of high-rise buildings.

This material is found in two fractions - in the form of granules and crushed stone. Its advantages are that it does not absorb water, does not burn, does not let steam through, and has high compressive and flexural strength.

Most often, this loose insulation due to light weight used for ceiling. Foam glass can be used for the manufacture cement mortars, for example, when pouring a screed or foundation, replacing ordinary crushed stone.

Aerated concrete chips

It is a mixture of porous gravel and sand, made by crushing aerated concrete blocks and waste. Its fractions are always of different sizes (up to three centimeters) and variously often irregular shapes, but this does not affect the quality of the insulation in any way - the shape of the filled layer does not change.

It is used not only as a bulk insulation, but also as an additional bedding for sound insulation in walls and ceilings. Perfectly maintains optimal humidity and air exchange. Often this material is used instead of expanded clay in lightweight concrete mixes, for example, when pouring a foundation. In this case, this component additionally insulates the foundation and protects it from swelling.

The cost of aerated concrete chips is low, which does not prevent it from being used as an inexpensive drainage and insulation pavement. The only drawback is the dusting of small pieces when backfilling.

Perlite

It is produced by melting volcanic ore (sour glass) at a temperature of 1000 degrees. When the ore is heated, the water in its structure evaporates, and the material acquires a porous structure. The volume of raw materials sometimes increases up to 90%. Ready granules do not absorb moisture, but pass steam. For better insulation with this raw material it is treated with bitumen, then the particles stick together and turn into a single insulating layer of any shape.

The main characteristics of this bulk insulation is that it does not burn, does not absorb moisture, passes steam, and is chemically inert. During insulation, the disadvantage is the impossibility of using membranes, as they become clogged with perlite dust.

Granular penoizol

In everyday life, it is also called thermowool or foam insulation crumb. This heat insulator is based on hardened urea resin. The manufacturing process consists in crushing the polymerized material into fractions of 10-15 mm in size. Such granules retain elasticity. The benefit of such a heater is that when it is crushed, the volume of the crumb increases several times.

his appearance penoizol is similar to snow flakes, at first glance it can be easily confused with polystyrene foam, but it is still different from it. Its structure is smaller and rather soft, it is very light in weight - it is suitable for warming both walls and ceilings. It is non-flammable and does not absorb moisture.

To properly fill this heat insulator, you must use the help of a special blowing machine, since it will take much longer manually.

Raw material features

Having become acquainted with the main types of bulk insulation, we can summarize that it is always secondary raw materials. It is produced by processing various waste materials ranging from cellulose to minerals. Loose heat insulators in most cases are pure ecological raw materials. Their common disadvantage is the need to make a facing partition: the insulation is poured between it and the main ceiling, for example, a wall.

Foam crumb (crushed) is a heat-insulating material used as an insulating backfill in inter-wall voids, under floors, as well as insulation in cement mortars.
Styrofoam chips are an excellent substitute for expanded clay, 5 times warmer and 40 times lighter.
It is successfully used as filling in open cavities (walls, ceiling, floor), as a component of warm and light concretes. Such lightweight concrete it is applied to a coupler of floors, roofs, bearing and internal walls.

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ADVANTAGES OF FOAM CRUMBER

It is excellent for interstitial floors and uneven surfaces in the voids of walls, inter-wall partitions, floors, underground, attics (on logs, boards, and other materials), where it is inconvenient to lay plates, and is also used instead of expanded clay.

High-quality foam chips have many advantages! The main advantages of the material include:
Environmental friendliness - does not contain substances harmful to humans. For example, from polystyrene, from which foamed granules are produced, packages for various products and utensils are produced.
Resistance to various atmospheric phenomena - effectively protects surfaces from moisture.
Excellent thermal insulation properties- Styrofoam balls differ in different diameters and shapes. As a result, the total contact area of ​​the foamed granules with air increases, so the material is excellent for insulating various rooms and objects.
Excellent sound insulation - the material stands out for its excellent wave absorption. It is often added to cement and filled into cavities during repairs or construction.
Durability - foam granules do not change shape, physical or Chemical properties under the influence of changes in temperature or humidity.

Due to its structure and properties, a foam granule is considered a reliable and inexpensive packaging material: it is actively used to protect especially fragile products.

Styrofoam crumb blowing is one of those services that our company has been offering to its customers for several years now. This is done for heat and sound insulation of residential, office and industrial premises. AT last years this method of insulating houses has become very popular due to the fact that there is a steady increase in prices for utilities, and the cost of the insulation itself is relatively low, and allows you to save a significant amount of money in the future.

This method of insulation is great for floors between walls, uneven surfaces and voids, inter-wall partitions, floor insulation, basement, attic, any place where laying sheet insulation is not possible.

The house is insulated with foam plastic using a special industrial installation under pressure. Due to the large air flow, a foam ball of various diameters is evenly laid and compacted in voids - almost to the density of sheet foam. Under the influence of pressure, the material clogs all the irregularities of the walls, cracks, potholes, thereby not giving the cold the slightest chance to penetrate into the room. It is also possible to carry out pneumatic laying of such bulk heat-insulating materials as perlite, ecowool, etc.

crumb insulation

The advantages of using this material:

• Insulation with crumbs gives a kind of “thermos” effect, due to which a comfortable temperature is achieved indoors and the absence of its differences;
• Insulation with foam plastic is much cheaper than with mineral wool (by about 35-40%);
• The material itself is absolutely non-toxic to humans, does not emit harmful substances not immediately, not after a while;
• Loose foam balls do not start rodents;
• It has good vapor permeability - which means that the vapors freely go outside, and the movement of air between what is inside and outside is free. This will save the walls from the appearance of such unpleasant signs of damage to the material as fungus or mold, which in itself is very harmful. That is why the insulation of walls with polystyrene will not harm the criterion.

In our country, there are many private houses that were built according to the same principle - they all have a fairly wide air gap between interior walls and external (the so-called "well" masonry). Our company will help you turn this feature of your building into its trump card! In the voids between the walls, we blow foam chips, crushed basalt wool, perlite, etc., thus, the house becomes not only protected from heat loss, but also acquires additional sound insulation.

Insulation with styrofoam

Styrofoam insulation, namely the blowing of inter-wall voids, occurs as follows: holes with a diameter of 35 mm are drilled in the walls (for comparison, this hole is a little more than a five-kopeck coin), their number can vary from 5 to 10 pieces, depending on the area of ​​wall insulation. Highly important point- minimum layer for pneumolaying foam ball should be 3 centimeters. After all the holes are made, foam balls of various calibers are blown into the cavity under strong air pressure and compacted. The procedure is repeated until all cavities are filled with material.

Styrofoam insulation outside takes three to four hours, can be performed regardless of the season. Most often, work of this kind is carried out in spring, summer or autumn, however, if necessary, we also perform during the period of winter cold, there is no strict binding to the time of year.
Our company has been operating in the field of thermal insulation of buildings for more than a decade. We have acquired rich experience and valuable skills. All this allows us to assert - to cooperate with us is profitable, fast, reliable!

Styrofoam crumbs are polymerized rounded balls with a diameter of 3 to 7 mm. Foam crusher (as this type of crumb is often called) is obtained by industrial crushing of foam plastic production waste. Economically, this method is more efficient, because due to this method of processing foam, it becomes cheaper as a primary material, and the initial properties of the foam during crushing remain the same.

Application of Styrofoam crumb:

Expanded polystyrene chips are widely used in the industrial and construction and repair sectors. Styrofoam crusher is mainly used as a building material and an excellent insulation. Foam insulation is considered the most economical and reliable method for thermal insulation of foundations, floors, walls or roofs. Consider the basic principles and methods of use:

• Filler: foam chips are filled with holes and cavities in the ceilings between the walls, in brickwork or for leveling surfaces. Thanks to its technical characteristics, the foam granules can take any shape, which avoids any cold bridges. High strength allows you to avoid deformations, unlike heaters such as expanded clay and mineral wool.
• Floor screed with foam chips: the process of preparing polystyrene concrete takes place in several stages. Initially, a solution is prepared: take a small amount of water and cement, mix until a creamy consistency is obtained. The second stage: while continuing to mix the solution in a concrete mixer, add foam plastic crumbs. The material ratio depends on the expected thermal insulation result. The higher the percentage of foam granules, the greater the thermal insulation properties of your screed. However, the following must be taken into account, if the material is not properly distributed, the density may decrease. For example, if you are planning linoleum on the floor, the percentage of using foam plastic granules should be less than when laying parquet.

If you yourself want to make a floor screed with foam chips at home, then to obtain a solution, you must follow the following proportion (*recommendations of the builders):

• 4-5 buckets of Styrofoam crumbs
• 2 sand buckets
• 1 bucket of cement
• 1 bucket of water

It is important to note that when working with polystyrene chips, it is necessary to adhere to the rules of use and observe safety precautions: avoid open fire, do not use a variety of chemical solutions.

Styrofoam crumb is an effective material for insulating concrete floors, it will last a very long time and will not lose its operational properties. Comfort and warmth guaranteed!

Int-Deco offers to buy a foam plastic crumb in Kyiv or with delivery in Ukraine. Styrofoam crushed is packed in plastic bags 0.33 m3 each.

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Styrofoam for insulation

One of the most popular materials for insulation can be considered foam crumb. The choice of consumers is justified, since it is a high-quality, environmentally friendly material that will help make the house warm and comfortable without significant damage to the family budget.

Styrofoam crumb properties and applications

Styrofoam crumb has a number of advantages in comparison with others thermal insulation materials.

Styrofoam crumb - what is it

Styrofoam chips or granules are bulk material, which is noted for its versatility and is a foam ball with a diameter of approximately 5-6 mm.

Characteristics and properties of foam chips

Styrofoam granules have all the properties of a solid sheet, but unlike foam boards, granules can take the form of any container where they are placed. Expanded polystyrene granules have a number of features:

1 Conducts almost no heat. Styrofoam is ten times higher than the thermal insulation of conventional concrete and almost ten times that of ceramic bricks.

2 Safe for people, does not contain toxic substances, does not cause allergic reactions, odorless, no organisms live in it.

3 Light weight. For comparison, 1 cubic meter of foam chips weighs about 15 kg, and plywood - about 500 kg.

4 Wear resistance. Data from laboratories that test polystyrene foam will determine the durability of the material - approximately 80 years.

5 Very resistant to temperature changes and able to withstand drops from -170 to +90.

6 Sound insulation due to the elasticity of the granules, cellular structure, which reduce sound vibrations.

7 Ability to restore the primary shape during deformation.

8 Ensuring air exchange of the surrounding space, i.e. unlike conventional foam, the granules are able to "breathe". This prevents the greenhouse effect and the formation of mold in the future.

Styrofoam crumb is characterized by the following criteria

1 The density of the material from which the balls are made. The high density of the substance determines the increase in the mass and strength of the granule.

2 The diameter of the granules can be varied from 1 to 8 mm by setting the desired size when crushing.

3 Flammability. That is why this material is used in the inner layers of the walls. To increase fire resistance, fire retardant is added to the foam. After that, the material becomes self-extinguishing.

Advantages of foam plastic

All materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Styrofoam granules are no exception.

There are such advantages in using foam chips:

Less weight of the final structure.

Savings for future finishing materials through heat and soundproof properties.

Ease of use.

Low cost.

Cons of using foam chips

The soft structure of the foam makes the screed from such a solution not so wear-resistant.

The need for isolation from air due to its flammability. Foam concrete is capable of rapid destruction if it comes into contact with air.

Varieties of foam chips

There are two ways to obtain foam pellets and, accordingly, two types of them:

Primary processing, when a special technology is applied to foam the polystyrene beads. This is an expensive process.

Crushing of foam plastic waste. This is a secondary production, therefore it is more cost-effective. The remains of the foam are placed in special machines that crush the material until smooth. If necessary, you can set the desired diameter of the ball.

cost of styrofoam granules

The efficiency of foam plastic was noted as quality material for warmth compared to others. Depending on the characteristics of the foam pellets and the way they are produced, the price per cubic meter may differ significantly. The smaller the diameter of the granule, the higher its price. Styrofoam chips obtained by crushing are much cheaper than those obtained by primary foaming.

The use of foam granules in various fields

Foam chips insulate attics, walls, interfloor ceilings and floors.

1 Attic insulation. A significant percentage of heat is lost through the roof. Styrofoam granules are an excellent option for attic insulation due to the low degree of moisture absorption and resistance to temperature changes.

2 Wall insulation. In addition to the main characteristics, the foam crumb takes the form of a container in which it is located, this is especially important when insulating a facade with curly elements.

3 Insulation of interfloor ceilings. Noise isolation and the specific weight of the final structure are important in the formation and insulation of interfloor floors. Styrofoam chips are also useful for floor insulation if there is a basement under the house that is not heated and additional insulation is required.

Brief summary

Consumer interest in foam pellets is justified by its versatility and low price. Due to its unique properties, foam plastic chips are in demand in many areas from construction and furniture manufacturing to the creative process of design and fishing.

The cost of foam granules depends on specifications the granules themselves and the method of their production.

Insulation 10 mistakes

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Leveling the ceiling with "warm" plaster based on expanded polystyrene crumbs

Leveling the ceiling by applying plaster in thick layers is not always justified: a reinforcing mesh will need to be fixed, and if the ceiling level drops significantly, the layer will not withstand and collapse. Adding Styrofoam balls to the plaster will help you in this case, as well as in the repair of walls, masonry in the well, joints of the exterior panels of the house and internal floor slabs, attics, roofs and floors. When connecting polystyrene foam balls with a cement-sand or concrete mortar, the finished mixture perfectly keeps the heat inside the room.

To work with the ceiling, we need the same tools as for ordinary plastering and at least two plastic buckets.

After cleaning the ceiling from old layers, carefully prime the ceiling with a “fur” roller. For concrete slabs, the primer "Betonokontakt" is suitable. Complex and hard-to-reach places prepare the ceiling several times with a brush.

The drying time of the primer is printed on the packaging - different manufacturers have different times from 3 to 8 hours. Experienced craftsmen never follow the recommendations for curing, but try the surface to the touch. If the ceiling is still damp, then it is worth waiting, otherwise leveling the ceiling will be in vain - a further layer will collapse in a few weeks.

Polymer plaster mortar is prepared from Styrobond glue in a 1: 1 ratio to M400 cement in a bucket. Mix everything with a drill with a mixing attachment until smooth, gradually adding water until the density of "sour cream". If the mixture seems too thick, you can add a little water to it.

Now we add polystyrene foam, and you have 2 options: use ready-made crumbs, which are sold in hardware stores by weight, or take a regular foam plate and crumble it over a bucket. The crumb fills a separate clean bucket to 75%, then add half of the glue solution that you just prepared from the first bucket. The proportion of crumb solution will be somewhere 1:2.5. Stir the composition until all the styrofoam granules are colored in dark color.

If your screed (cement + sand) is too high, then it is better to give up unnecessary overloading of floor slabs, and use a lighter material - expanded polystyrene concrete. Its composition is simple: cement not lower than M400, expanded polystyrene balls and a foaming agent "Saponified Wood Resin" (SDO). Aligning the ceiling with expanded polystyrene concrete makes the layer not only light and warm, but also not subject to shrinkage and cracks.

Table 1. Methods for the manufacture of expanded polystyrene concrete

Description	Advantages	Flaws
"Encapsulation", when you need to reduce the density of the material. The granules are covered with cement glue, and the voids are not filled with sand. Without special equipment and chem. It is impossible to prepare such a mixture with additives!	Possibility of production of PS concrete, the density of which is less than 200 kg/m3, the use of granules of the same size	Mixture segregates when pressurized or transported, low bending strength (in case of block)
"porization" of the solution, which involves the replacement of sand with air granules	The possibility of producing PS concrete, the density of which is less than 300 kg / m3, and the change in this indicator in a wide range	A stable characteristic is quite difficult to obtain due to the complexity technological process: bubbles are lost when stacking, transporting or squeezing
Creation of PS concrete with a high-density structure that will not let water through even at a pressure of 2MPa	All the advantages of the 2nd method + stability and preservation of its characteristics during transportation, spraying. Products are even formed from such PS concrete using a 3D vibropress	It is necessary to have special equipment

Leveling the ceiling with styrofoam plaster requires the presence of a powder or mortar LMS, but if you can’t find it in your store, then you can do without it. A screed without LMS will not be as warm and light as with this additive, but better than a conventional cement and sand screed.

We do the application of plaster on the prepared ceiling in two passes. The first stage is a layer from the 1st bucket (thickness up to 3 mm), then immediately apply the mixture from the 2nd bucket. The iron is constantly wetted with water. Drying time - 3 days, after which we proceed to level the ceiling with gypsum putty from 1 to 5 layers. Each layer should dry well before applying the next (1-3 days).

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