Installation of a storm funnel. Roof funnels: purpose and types. Types of internal drainage systems

January 3, 2018
Specialization: philological education. Experience as a builder - 20 years. Of these, for the last 15 years he led a brigade as a foreman. I know everything about construction - from design and the zero cycle to interior design. Hobbies: Vocal, psychology, quail breeding.

Greetings, my dear readers!

Now flat roofs, which were previously used for industrial, utility and high-rise buildings, are also used in domestic construction. Such a roof provides free space on which you can place winter Garden, sports ground, terrace, etc. To protect the roof from atmospheric moisture, it must be equipped with an exhaust system. Its central element is a drain funnel for a flat roof.

Types of roof drainage systems

Roof drains are divided into two types:

1. outdoor system. It is mounted along the perimeter pitched roofs and very rarely flat analogues. Horizontal gutters and vertical gutters are used to drain water.
2. Internal network. It is intended for flat roofs.

Internal drainage systems are divided into two types:

1. Gravity (traditional, gravity) network. For it, you need to mount a lot of funnels, moisture is drained through the pipes by gravity. For the proper functioning of the gravity system, it is necessary to properly form slopes on a flat roof. Funnels are placed on the lower sections. The number of water inlets depends on the area of ​​the roof.

Funnels with the help of pipes are mated with a vertical riser. Through it, water is discharged into a storm drain. The horizontal pipes of the network are laid with an inclination so that the water can flow away by gravity.

1. Siphon-vacuum system. It has a high throughput with a minimum of structural elements. In funnels with siphons, a vacuum environment is recreated. Due to this, the liquid is absorbed from the roofing and flows through the communications very quickly.

Advantages vacuum system sewerage:

• the discharged water flows have a high speed;
• ease of installation - few water inlets and pipes are needed to equip the network;
• low weight - the system does not create heavy loads on the roof;
• efficiency - water intakes and communications of a smaller section are used than in a gravity system;
• the system is self-cleaning, so the network throughput indicators are unchanged during its operation.

The water inlet of the vacuum network with a horizontal branch pipe with a cross section of 7.5 cm passes up to 16 liters of moisture per second. In order for the gravity system to have the same throughput, funnels with outlets with a diameter of 20 cm will have to be mounted.

The design of the water intake funnel

Water intake funnel - the main element storm sewer roofs. Through it, melt and rain moisture is removed from the roof. Further, the liquid flows into the stormwater pipes laid inside the building. On them, it is dumped on the ground or into the drainage sewer.

A modern funnel for draining water consists of the following parts:

1. Lid. She covers the top of the product.
2. Lattice. Protects the drain from contamination and the penetration of foreign objects into it.
3. Sealing ring. This element gives the funnel tightness.

1. Release. This branch pipe can be horizontal or vertical.
2. water bowl. Liquid flows into it, which is then redirected to the drain.
3. Stuffing box. It seals the junction points of the downpipe with the outlet.
4. Flange or bolt. These elements secure the funnel.

Classification of water intakes

Flat roof water inlets are classified according to several parameters. Now manufacturers produce many of their models, so it will not be difficult for you to choose the right product.

A flat roof with an internal drain, based on its features, can be equipped with funnels of the following types:

Image	Funnel type
	Kolpakovaya. This type of water inlet is equipped with a convex protective mesh, very similar to a cap. Such a water intake copes well with large volumes of water flows. The mesh effectively filters the liquid from foreign objects.
	flat. Such a funnel is installed flush with the roofing. Particularly effective are flat water inlets on exploited roofs lined with paving slabs or asphalt concrete.
	heated. An electrical cable is placed inside such a funnel. It provides heating of the network in winter. Thanks to this, the drainage system is not clogged with frost.
	One or two stage water inlet. The first variety is used on roofs with a rolled polymer or bitumen coating. The second type is used on roofs that are subject to movement (non-ventilated and wooden).
	Water inlet equipped with or without a rebate. This crimping element is a universal fastener that is suitable for all types of base. Funnels without a fold are equipped with an apron made of film or roofing material. They are selected based on the type of roofing.
	Funnel with vertical, horizontal or hinged outlet. Water from such outlets flows through pipes placed along or across the walls of the building. A vertical water inlet is used for a conventional flat roof. The horizontal analogue is optimal for roofs without an attic. Pivoting water inlets can be connected to the storm riser at any angle up to 90˚.

The funnel for water can have a different section. But in any case, it must match the diameter of the drain. Most often, water inlets with a diameter of 10 cm are used. This size is enough for the speedy discharge of large volumes of liquid from roofs of different sizes.

Funnel materials

Water intake funnels are made from the following materials:

1. Plastic. The basis of such devices is a durable polymer that is resistant to mechanical stress and external influences. Installation of plastic water inlets is quite simple, it does not need glue.

This option is optimal for installation on a roof that is not in use or used infrequently.

1. Steel. It is another common water intake material. Metal water inlets have high strength. Therefore, they can be mounted on exploited roofs with high level patency.

Most often, metal funnels are made of galvanized or stainless steel. Such material is quite reliable, tough, durable, resistant to deforming loads and corrosion.

1. Composite. In this case, the funnel is made from a combination of a pair of materials, usually metal and plastic. The body of the water intake is made of plastic, and the protective grille is made of cast iron or stainless steel.

Composite products are used on roofs with an average level of traffic and moderate mechanical loads.

Conclusion

Funnels for flat roofs make it possible to drain melt and storm water from them. There are many types of them. Therefore, you can always choose the water inlets that are best suited for the roof of your house.

If you have any questions, ask them in the comments. I say goodbye and good luck in your endeavours.

January 3, 2018

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Precipitation has a positive effect on vegetation, contributes to the saturation of the earth with moisture, useful properties and are needed to fill rivers and reservoirs. But, in addition to useful moments, precipitation has an inactive effect on buildings. Constant exposure can ruin concrete, wood and other Decoration Materials. Therefore, it must be purposefully removed from the roof. For this purpose, a special drainage system is used. Roof drain funnels play an important role in it. It is they who catch the streams of water and direct them through the pipe system.

What are the features of such funnels? How do they differ from each other? How to properly install them? We will learn the answers to these questions from this article.

Types of gutters for the roof

Depending on the design of the roof, there are different types drainage system. The roofs themselves can be divided into two large groups:

1. Flat roofs.
2. Inclined roofs, with different levels of slope.

The drainage system is also divided into two varieties, starting from the roof group:

If we talk about funnels in one and the other system, then in the first case it plays essential role. Her choice should be treated with special attention. Gutter funnel in the photo:

It is these funnels for flat roofs that will be discussed, since horizontal drains have built-in funnels that do not need to be selected. We are talking about gravitational-vacuum systems. Such a gutter vertical type was invented over 30 years ago. His homeland is Scandinavia. Now it is widespread not only in Europe, but also in other countries. The principle of operation is simple, it is based on the so-called ejection ability of the liquid in the pipes. In this case, one medium entrains another, in the water drainage system it is air. In the riser, gaseous masses begin to move upward. But when it enters the system waste water, it goes down under the influence of gravity, and the air layer goes in the opposite direction. It turns out a vacuum environment in which moisture begins to flow at high speed into the collector through a pipe system. The movement of water is determined by pressure from air masses, therefore, for its free movement of the slope is not required.

Such a system has many advantages:

1. High flow rate.
2. Can be used to create narrow pipes.
3. The structure will self-clean.
4. The drain is light weight.
5. Installation does not require large volume earthworks.

The note! If we compare such a vacuum system and a traditional horizontal drain, the difference is immediately visible.

For example, gravity-vacuum-type funnels, in which the branch pipe has a cross section of 75 mm, can pass through about 15 liters of precipitation in just 1 s. And here is the system traditional type much inferior, since in order to pass 15 liters of water for 1, you need a funnel with a diameter of 200 mm.

Funnel materials

Internal gutter funnels are made of different materials which have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Before you buy a funnel, you need to find out this information. Here are the materials from which the elements of the system are made:

After evaluating all the features of each type of funnel, you can choose one or another option.

Requirements for products for the drainage system

Installation of the system is specified in GOST 25336-82. The main points are related to the throughput of funnels, as well as their number on a horizontal roof. The roof area for one drain funnel is prescribed in SNIP 2.04.01-85, in the section "Internal drains". So it says there that there should be at least two funnels on the roof and in one valley. The greatest distance between them should be 48 m no more. It turns out that 1 funnel is required for 230 m 2. At the same time, its diameter should be 10 cm, not less.

Given these indicators, you need to purchase one or more funnels for the house, and then install them. The roof area for one drain funnel is 230 m 2, so you won’t have to spend a lot of money. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the funnel can become clogged with debris. This is foliage, and dust, and cellophane. So that they do not penetrate the system and do not clog it, a special grate is installed on the drain funnel on the roof. She performs protective function without affecting throughput in any way. However, so that the leaves accumulated on the grate do not prevent water from entering the funnel, you will have to look at the drain from time to time.

Varieties of funnels for a flat roof

There are several parameters by which storm water inlets for a flat roof are distinguished. Today, companies produce a variety of models, which allows you to easily choose a product for yourself. So the types are:

Important! Funnels for precipitation have different sections. Be that as it may, the diameter of the funnel and drain pipe should match. A typical cross section of 10 cm is used. This will be enough to redirect all the water from the roof to the storm system.

Installation of a funnel on the roof

Before installing a drainage funnel and other elements of the system, the following nuances should be taken into account:

Now you can start the installation process. It is slightly different from each other, depending on roofing and type of funnel. However, the principle is the same for all. We will consider installation on soft roof. The instruction is as follows:

1. To begin with, a niche should be cut around the technological hole. Most houses already have it.
2. Next, you need to take the funnel and plant it directly on the concrete. If there is no fold on it, then glue is used.
3. Next you need to apply a buty primer.
4. After that, along the carved niche, and then along the entire perimeter, you need to lay a soft roof.
5. The structure continues to grow. The kit comes with a fixing ring that needs to be installed in its place and screwed. A hole is cut in the center.
6. It remains only to install the cap or filter grill for the funnel.

You can see more about installation in this video:

As for the installation of a funnel for a vacuum drain, the installation process can be seen here:

Summing up

A funnel for a gutter system is an integral part of any gutter system. Thanks to it, it is possible to qualitatively and quickly divert storm or melt water from the roof surface, flat or sloping. Otherwise, the presence of water will negatively affect everyone. structural elements. It remains only to choose one or another version of the funnel for a flat roof and start installing it. If you have any questions, you can ask them in the comments below the article. Experienced professionals will answer them for you.

Sergey Novozhilov - roofing materials expert with 9 years of experience practical work in the field of engineering solutions in construction.

The disadvantage of such a system is the difficulty in draining water, which can accumulate on the roof plane during precipitation. And this is understandable, since there is no slope and the water simply has nowhere to go. Especially if the design provides for the presence of protective deaf parapets. Special funnels for a flat roof help in solving this problem. They allow you to qualitatively equip the water drainage point and protect the entire system from the ingress of large contaminants into it. In addition, many options today are equipped with heating, which will melt the ice and snow that can accumulate in their locations.

Where can I find funnels for a flat roof in Moscow?

KSK24 is a distributor of leading domestic and foreign manufacturers roof aerators. In our online store you can buy funnels for a flat roof at the best prices with delivery in Moscow and the Moscow region.

The funnel is used to remove accumulated atmospheric moisture on the surface of a flat roof through the internal or external drainage system of the house. In the catalog of the building hypermarket RoomMall you will find optimal choice offers to sell these products. Affordable price for such types of goods as a parapet funnel with a diameter of 110 mm or its roofing counterparts, allows you to provide Better conditions to make purchases for each customer. In projects of industrial buildings, you can often find a more expensive version of the Cast-iron funnel for the roof.

Varieties of funnels

What you need to know about drainage funnels? All types of this product are mounted in the roof structure, connected to a standard drainage system. If necessary, the installation of the product is carried out with additional sealing elements - drainage rings, clamping flanges. The funnel consists of three parts:
external - equipped with an extension element, a filtration stainless grate, a flange for drainage; medium - with an extension cord; lower - the drainage system forming the body, if, a heating module is mounted here.

Depending on the purpose of the product, the location of the outlet pipe can be vertical or horizontal. Models equipped with a swivel joint allow you to change the angle of inclination in the range of 90 degrees. On non-attic roofs, horizontal outlets for funnels are usually used, with their fixation in the screed, while it is better to equip the system with electric heating to prevent the formation of ice plugs.

How to buy profitably? The TechnoNIKOL funnel for bituminous and membrane roof structures presented in the RoomMall hypermarket catalog is optimal solution adapted for use in various climatic conditions. The brand's products are actively used in the field of low-rise residential, commercial and industrial construction. Roof funnel Tatpolimer is also a popular solution and can be used both on roofs with bituminous or membrane coating, for roofs with an inverted or standard design.

How to choose a roof funnel?

The selection of a specific product should be made taking into account the settlement documentation. It contains all the necessary data to determine the installation method and other parameters of the funnel for the drainage system. The number of funnels is determined in accordance with SP 30.13330.2012 and depends on the region in which the facility is located and the capacity of the funnel. And you can always buy funnels for a flat roof at a bargain price in our construction hypermarket.

Flat roofing, as a rule, is carried out on industrial buildings and on residential multi-storey buildings. Also recently, this type of roof construction has become popular in the construction of private sector buildings. This is explained by the fact that additional areas appear that can be used for various purposes (sports ground, garden, pool, and so on).

On flat surfaces, it is necessary to provide a special drainage system, since otherwise the destruction of the roof structure and the entire building is inevitable.

It should be noted that here it is necessary to provide a special drainage system, since otherwise the destruction of the roof structure and the entire building is inevitable. In this case, it will be useful to know how to properly install the main elements of this device, which are drain funnels for flat roofs.

Types of drainage systems for flat roofs

For roofs without a slope, it is possible to perform drainage systems, which can be conditionally divided into the following types:

Traditional drain - the building is pierced by a large number of pipes, a large number of funnels are used. Gravity-vacuum system - with the same throughput, several times less material is used.

1. Traditional waterways. The installation of the system is carried out on special ledges or directly on the roof overhangs, which are located low. In this case, the drain is installed in special channels - recesses, which are provided when laying the roof. In the event that the drainage device is performed below the level of the roof overhang, it is recommended to use rectangular gutters and pipes, while fastening is carried out with vertical brackets. The drain elements must adjoin the channels through the holes that are made in the ledge. Roof funnels are installed in the lowest places (slope 3%), their number is provided based on the calculation of one copy per 25 m of length. All these elements must be connected to one common drain pipe with a slope. In addition, it is necessary to perform additional emergency funnels. It can be noted that in this case, both external and internal precipitation can be used, of course, depending on climatic conditions. The first option is recommended in regions with mild weather conditions, while the latter solution is optimal at low temperatures.
2. Gravitational-vacuum systems. This design was invented over 30 years ago in the northern country of Scandinavia and is now widely used throughout Europe and other countries. The principle of operation of this device for draining water from the roof is based on the ejection capacity (entrainment of another medium behind it, in this case air) of the liquid in the pipe system. In this case, the gaseous masses in the riser initially move upwards, however, when water enters the pipes and then moves downwards under the action of gravity, the air layer reverses. Here a vacuum environment arises, and moisture is completely entrained with high speed through the pipes to the collector. Moreover, a slope is not required, since the water moves under the pressure of air masses.

Several advantages of this system can also be noted, such as high flow rate, the possibility of using narrow pipes, self-cleaning design, low weight of the device, small amount of excavation, fewer water receivers and others. For comparison, we give the following information: the roof funnels of the vacuum system (horizontal outlet 75 mm) are able to pass up to 15 liters of liquid in 1 s, while in a traditional drain installation, to achieve this effect, it is necessary to install elements with an outlet of about 200 mm.

Flat roof drains

Flat roof drainage system.

It can be noted that the drainage elements are produced from various materials(metal, plastic, combined and others). The selection of these products should be carried out in accordance with what raw materials the roof is made of. In other words, if the roof is metal, the gutters should be made of a similar material, while for soft types of roofs, it is recommended to use devices to remove moisture from polymer compounds.

Usually the most simple design funnel (water receiver) has a wide board for receiving water, a glass and a cap. In this case, the drain funnels must meet the following requirements:

• the connection of this element with the insulating layer of the roof decking must be tight and reliable, it is recommended to stick the waterproofing layer of the roof deck on the side of the funnel;
• the funnel lid must be removable, and the glass can be a single device with the device;
• the cap must be well (tightly) fixed to the intended place of the system;
• to protect against the ingress of debris into the internal structure of the funnel, they must have a safety umbrella (filter).

As a rule, the simplest funnel design has a wide side for receiving water, a glass and a cap.

It can be noted that for flat roofs it is recommended to use funnels with a horizontal side (outlet). At the same time, there are several types of these devices, which differ depending on the type of material from which the flange is made. It can be a bituminous, rubberized, vinyl-based or universal PVC or aluminum part. Funnels with a vertical outlet can also be used in the organization of drainage for flat roofs.

The choice of this element and component - the flange - depends on what materials are used to cover the roof, this should be taken into account when purchasing parts. In addition, you need to pay attention to whether an ice crust will form around the funnels, in which case it is better to install heating cables. For these purposes, self-regulating devices and devices are commercially available that automatically regulate the operation of such devices. They have built-in temperature and humidity sensors with device controllers.

Installation of funnels on flat roofs

When installing the main drainage elements on flat roofs, it is useful to consider the following points:

The location of the funnels on a flat roof

1. The surface of the roof is conditionally divided into sections of regular geometric shape. In this case, the number of parts is calculated as follows: one funnel should be installed on an area of ​​\u200b\u200bno more than 200 m 2, and the pipe size should be at least 10 cm in diameter.
2. The location of the receiving elements should be provided in such a way that they most effectively remove water from the coating. This can be achieved by bringing to them the most possible slope of at least 2% when carrying out roofing work.
3. Regardless of the roof coverage area, the number of water receivers must be at least 2, or a storm drain and one drainage device are provided.
4. When attaching the funnel, it is better to provide some free space for the receiver to move relative to the pipe.
5. If the roof waterproofing consists of two layers, then the device for receiving water is installed between them. With single-layer insulation, an additional flap of a similar material is used (at least 1 m 2).
6. To connect the flange, heated bitumen or a fusing method with PVC roofing can be used;
7. For additional fastening water receivers can be mounted on roofs with screws and special mechanical connections.

Scheme of cutting and stickers of fabric or non-fabric when pasting and sealing the gutter funnel: 1 - fabric panel, 2 - breakdown axis, 3 - fabric roll, 4 - clamping ring.

It should be noted that the installation process of the funnel (water receiver) varies depending on the type of this element and the type of roofing. However, in quality useful information you can give the procedure for installing this part on a soft roof:

1. Laying the bottom layer of the "carpet" of the roof.
2. Cutting a hole in this layer, equal to the diameter of the flange.
3. Removing the film (if any) from roofing material where the water receiver will be installed, by burning with a burner.
4. Treatment of the installation site with hot bitumen.
5. Funnel installation.
6. Fixing the top layer of the roofing material (by fusing or gluing with hot mastic). In this case, the flame of the burner can be used for a short time.
7. Installing a leaf filter.

Depending on the type of funnels and their throughput, their number is selected, in addition, installation work also depends on this factor.

Flat roof drains: installation highlights

During the construction of buildings, a drainage system is performed. At the same time, it is useful to know how to properly install drain funnels for flat roofs.

Flat roof drain funnels: installation and heating

Today, buildings with a flat roof, familiar to industrial and multi-storey buildings, are increasingly found in private housing construction. Such a roof makes it possible to obtain additional space for arranging a terrace, a sports ground, a pool, a garden. In order to protect the roofing from destruction under the influence of moisture, it is important to provide an effective system for the removal of melt and rain water, take care of correct installation and heating of water intake funnels.

Choosing a drainage system

For flat roofs, there are two options for drainage systems:

1. Traditional (requires installation a large number funnels, water flows by gravity through the pipes of the system).
2. Gravity-vacuum (characterized by high throughput with a minimum number of communications).

Traditional internal drain. For its effective functioning, it is necessary to properly rake the roof, while the funnels are mounted at the lowest points. The number of water receivers depends on the dimensions of the roof. Water-receiving elements are connected by pipes to a vertical drain pipe, through which water from the roof enters the sewer. It is important to install horizontal piping elements with a slope to ensure free drainage of water by gravity.

Gravity-vacuum system. For more than 30 years, it has been actively used in many countries of Europe and the world due to its high economy and efficiency. The principle of operation is based on the fact that a vacuum environment arises in a system equipped with a siphon, due to which water is sucked from the surface and moves through the pipes at high speed. The advantages of the system include:

• the flow has a high speed;
• simplified installation (fewer funnels and communications are required, pipes can not be mounted at a slope, since water moves through them under air pressure);
• light weight (does not create additional impact on the roofing system);
• cost-effectiveness (funnels and pipes of smaller diameter are used in comparison with the traditional system without loss of performance);
• the ability to self-clean (the throughput of the system does not change over time).

For comparison: the funnel of a vacuum system with horizontal release 75 mm in one second is capable of passing up to 15 liters of liquid. To achieve the same throughput of a traditional drain, you will need to install a funnel with a horizontal outlet of 200 mm.

At heavy rain a large volume of water can accumulate on a flat roof, which the drainage system will not be able to cope with. To avoid the collapse of structures due to excessive load, it is required to equip a special additional drain - a storm drain. It can also serve as the main drain when the latter is clogged.

Choosing a funnel

Funnels for arranging an internal drain are made of polymers, metal, or a combination of materials. When choosing a product, it is important to consider the type of material that is used as roof decking. Metal funnels are used for installation on roofs, covered sheet metal. Polymer products are suitable for installation on a soft roof.

The flat roof funnel can be round or rectangular, with a horizontal or vertical outlet. The choice depends on the installation site and the characteristics of the roof. Products differ in design, but in any case, it is possible to rigidly attach the funnel to the base of the roof and provide reliable waterproofing of the attachment point.

Funnels with a metal flange are clamped in place using stainless steel fasteners. Funnels with a polymer flange equipped with a sealing cuff are glued on.

The drainage system must necessarily be protected from clogging. To prevent large debris from entering the drain, the funnels are equipped with protective covers or nets. Products with slotted flat covers are used on exploited roofs. The lids are capable of supporting the weight of a person. If you intend to create a "green" roof, it is best to use funnels with a leaf filter in the form of a mesh cap.

The principle of placement of water inlets

Water receivers must be installed in the lowest places on the roof. It must be evenly distributed over the surface. To prevent the formation of stagnant puddles on the roof, the slope of the surface towards the funnel should be at least 2%, while at a distance of about half a meter to the drain funnel, the slope should be increased to at least 5%. The change in the slope is provided by leveling the screed or reducing the heat-insulating layer.

The calculation of the number of water receivers is carried out as follows: each funnel should have no more than 200 square meters. m. of surface, the distance between the funnels is at least 50 cm. The minimum pipe diameter is 10 cm. Despite the size of the roof, at least two funnels, or one funnel and a storm drain, must be installed on it. This will avoid flooding when the water intake is clogged.

When calculating the number of water receivers and their parameters, the intensity and frequency of precipitation in a given region is taken into account.

The device of the internal spillway system: installation of funnels

First option. Composite funnels, the body of which consists of two parts, are the most practical in operation. Due to a certain dynamic margin, such funnels, unlike rigid structures, compensate for the movement of the insulation.

The device of the water receiver begins with the installation of the lower part of the composite funnel into the prepared passage hole cut out in the roof slab. The lower part is inserted into the downpipe, and the fasteners should not be rigid in order to avoid damage to communications due to temperature deformations.

The outer part of the funnel for creating an internal drain is installed from above, passing through the roofing carpet and the insulation layer, it is inserted into the lower part. An annular seal is provided between the parts of the funnel. The plastic apron of the upper part must be laid on the lower lining layer of the roofing material. An additional lining layer is mounted on top of it and a bituminous apron is welded as the next layer of waterproofing. An outer layer of roofing material is mounted on top of the apron, which is inserted into the funnel bowl and fixed with a clamping ring and stainless steel fasteners. On the last step device, a protective grille is installed on the funnel.

Second option. The device of the water receiver with a clamping flange is carried out in several stages. It is recommended to fasten the funnel not to the insulation, but to wooden bars suitable section, securely fixed to the base of the roof. The funnel is tightly installed in the hole (it must be rigidly fixed), a rubber-bitumen sealing gasket is installed between the flat side of the funnel and the clamping flange, which is placed under the roofing carpet. On the next step device, the metal clamping flange is fixed with special stainless steel fasteners. Holes are provided in the flange, sealing gasket and side of the funnel for the installation of fasteners. At the end of the installation, the cover is fixed.

The principle of the device of water intake funnels depends on the configuration of the product and the type of roofing. During installation, follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Heating of water receivers

Drainage funnels in winter time in cold climates, heating is needed to prevent the formation of an ice block in the nozzle and adjacent sections of the horizontal pipeline. The freezing depth reaches one and a half meters, so it is recommended to provide heating for these elements of the drainage system.

Freezing of water in branch pipes and pipes leads to flooding of the roof surface during the period of thaws and snowmelt, since the ice hidden from the sun's rays, surrounded by a thermal insulator (a layer of insulation in a roofing pie), will melt in the very last turn.

Today, funnels for flat roofs are on sale, already equipped with a built-in heating system. But by themselves they will not solve the problem: in this case, the ice plug will grow outside. Of course, it will melt faster than the inside, but it can also create a serious problem by blocking the flow of water into the drain.

In order for the water drainage system to function properly all year round, equip the site heating system around the funnel using a self-regulating heating cable for the roof. In this case, the possibility of clogging the drain with ice is excluded..

Competent arrangement of water receivers, properly organized heating and regular cleaning of funnels from debris, prompt repair of elements of the drainage system, if necessary, will help to protect the roofing pie of a flat roof from the negative effects of moisture.

Drain funnel for flat roofs, internal drainage device

The device and types of drain funnel for a flat roof. The nuances of installation and heating when arranging an internal drain on a flat roof.

Gutters for flat roofs

Drainage systems are divided into open and closed. Open - this is what we see on most pitched roofs: a gutter runs along the perimeter of the roof, from which water flows into the funnel of the pipe, further down the pipe: into drainage system, into the collector, just some distance from the facade (so that it does not wash away the basement and does not seep to the foundation).

Closed are used on flat roofs. Here the angle of inclination of the roof is insufficient for water to drain into the gutter. Moreover, flat roofs are often surrounded by a parapet through which water cannot, in principle, get outside the roof. In this case, drain funnels for flat roofs are used. Through them, rain and melt water enters the riser passing inside the house.

Funnels are installed at the bottom of a flat roof (a flat roof also has a slight slope). I will talk a little about these funnels, the features of installation and selection.

Why do we need drain funnels on a flat roof

Without an outflow device, water will stagnate on the roof. There is nothing good in this: water gradually destroys the coating, penetrates into the thickness of the roofing pie, spoils the insulation, seeps through the ceiling into the house.

If there is no parapet, and flat roof has a noticeable slope (up to 10 degrees), drain funnels can be replaced by an external system, gutter + pipe.

Or the most unfortunate option: an unorganized drain from a flat roof. Its only advantage is savings on purchase and installation. Everything else is bad: an unorganized spillway erodes the soil near the basement, penetrates to the foundation. Water flows over front door- also not a very pleasant thing.

note

In the presence of a solid parapet, any external drainage systems are not considered in principle.

Device and types

The components of the funnel are a wide side, a cap and a glass.

The systems themselves are divided into two large groups:

• Traditional. There are many pipes in the house, there are also many funnels. Systems are mounted on overhangs or special ledges located on roof depressions with a slope of 3 degrees. When using such a system, funnels are placed every 25 meters. All of them are connected to one riser.

• Gravity-vacuum. The principle of operation is the ejecting effect, in this case, the ability of one medium to entrain another. When a vacuum is formed in the riser, water under the pressure of air masses is drawn into the riser at high speed.

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Calculation of drain funnels on a flat roof

Funnels are installed on the basis of one piece per 150-200 square meters, but not less than two pieces per roof. Those. for small house 10 by 10 will require two, for 15 by 15 also two, for a roof of more than 300 squares - three, etc.

Features of selection and installation

Materials for the manufacture of funnels - plastic and metal. When choosing, they usually proceed from what material the roof is covered with:

• If it is a folded or metal-profile roof, then the funnels are also chosen from metal;
• For bitumen and polymer coatings polymer funnels are preferred.

Installation requirements:

• The connection between the funnel and the roof must be perfectly sealed. At the joints, it is recommended to lay additional pieces of waterproofing. Moreover, the insulation should be glued directly on the side of the funnel;
• If there are two waterproofing layers on the roof, the edges of the funnel are placed between them;
• The funnel must be equipped with a removable lid and protected from dirt by an umbrella;
• The cap should be well fixed;
• In order to avoid freezing of water in the riser, heating of drain funnels on a flat roof is necessary;

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Who produces gutter funnels and at what price

Drain funnels for flat roofs TechnoNIKOL. Diameter 110, 90, 160. With compression flange, with leaf catcher, with and without heating. The cost is from 300 rubles to 4.5 thousand.

SK TUOTE OY (Finland). Diameter from 7.5 to 16 centimeters, price from 800 to 4 thousand rubles.

Tekhnoresurs (RF). Diameter 11-16. The cost of funnels with a filter-leaf catcher, with and without heating, is from 400 rubles to 4 thousand rubles.

Mounting internal system drainage is orders of magnitude more difficult than installing gutters and pipes from the side of the facade. Without the appropriate equipment and qualifications, this task cannot be completed.

Drain funnels for flat roofs: calculation, heating, price

Flat roofs are often surrounded by a parapet through which water cannot enter beyond the roof. In this case, drain funnels for flat roofs are used.